CN107109917A

CN107109917A - Method for remedying sand fallout during completion

Info

Publication number: CN107109917A
Application number: CN201580053701.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·C·托尔曼; T·I·莫罗; T·G·贝尼什
Original assignee: Exxon Production Research Co
Current assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Priority date: 2014-10-03
Filing date: 2015-08-20
Publication date: 2017-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-20
Also published as: EP3201427A1; CN106795747A; CN107109917B; WO2016053497A1; CA2963396C; EP3201429B1; CA2963396A1; CN106795747B; EP3201427B1; CA2963397C; AU2015324487B2; CA2963397A1; EP3201429A1; RU2658400C1; WO2016053496A1; AU2015324488A1; RU2664989C1; AU2015324487A1; AU2015324488B2

Abstract

A kind of completion method includes remedying the sand fallout situation occurred along region-of-interest.This method includes：Well is formed, part is at least descended with production casing post liner well, and valve is disposed along production casing, the wherein flow of fluid in needle device to hole forms removable barrier.The barrier is removed by mobile valve in the case of sand fallout.Which overcome the barrier for flow of fluid, thus subsurface formations will be exposed to along the port of production casing at valve or below valve.Additional pumping is carried out to pump slurry by exposed port, sand fallout situation is thus remedied.

Description

Method for remedying sand fallout during completion

The cross reference of related application

This application claims in " the method for being used to remedy sand fallout during completion submit, entitled on October 3rd, 2014 (Method For Remediating A Screen-Out During Well Completion) " US provisional patent Shen Please No. 62/059,517 and the " method for being used to remedy sand fallout during completion submitting, entitled on 2 13rd, 2015 (Method For Remediating A Screen-Out During Well Completion) " US provisional patent Shen Benefit of priority that please be the 62/116th, No. 084, the full content of above-mentioned application is incorporated herein by reference.The application be related in On May 24th, 2013 " autonomous downhole conveyance system (Autonomous Downhole Conveyance submit, entitled System) ", as co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 13/ disclosed in U.S. Patent bulletin the 2013/0248174th No. 989,728.The application is further related in " the autonomous tubular units multizone pressure of use submit, entitled on November 13rd, 2012 Split the component and method (Assembly and Method for Multi-Zone Fracture of volume increase reservoir Stimulation of a Reservoir Using Autonomous Tubular Units) ", be used as U.S. Patent bulletin Co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 13/697,769 disclosed in No. 2013/0062055.It is all interior that the two are applied Appearance is all incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

This part is intended to introduce the various aspects of technical field that may be associated with the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.Really This discussion of letter helps to provide framework to more fully understand the particular aspects of the disclosure.It will thus be appreciated that should evidence This reads the part, and should not be construed as recognizing to constitute prior art.

The invention mainly relates to the field of wellbore operations.More particularly it relates to Completion Operations, wherein by stages Multiple regions of pressure break subsurface formations.

Background technology

In the drilling well of Oil/gas Well, well is formed using the drill bit being pushed down in the lower end of drill string.It is pre- getting into After fixed bottom hole location, drill string and drill bit are removed, and with casing string come liner well.Thus casing string and around Annular region is formed between stratum.

Cement operations typically are carried out to use concrete column filling or " extruding " annular region.The combination of cement and sleeve pipe Enhancing well and the Inter-zonal packing for being easy to the stratum behind sleeve pipe.

Generally by multiple casing strings placement with the external diameter tapered into the wellbore.First post can be referred to as earth's surface Sleeve pipe.Earth's surface sleeve pipe is used to isolate and protect the shallower water-bearing layer containing fresh water from the pollution of any other wellbore fluid.Cause This, the casing string is almost always returned completely is affixed to earth's surface.

It will creep into and then the process of the affixed casing string tapered into be repeated several times below earth's surface sleeve pipe, until well Total depth is reached.In some cases, final casing string is bushing pipe, that is, not casing string of the tieback to earth's surface.It is referred to as The final casing string of production casing is typically also affixed in place.Under some performances, production casing (or bushing pipe) has The swell packers or outer sleeve packer being spaced apart on selected pay interval.This formed between packer compartment with Isolation and specific stimulation treatment for each region.In this case, annular space can be filled simply with sand.

As a part for Completion Operations, production casing carries out perforation at desired level (level) place.This means logical Cross sleeve pipe and the concrete column around sleeve pipe projects side opening.Perforation allows reservoir fluid to flow into well.In swell packers or individually In the case of compartment, perforating gun penetrates sleeve pipe, it is allowed to during reservoir fluid flows into well along corresponding region from rock stratum.

After perforation, stratum is typically in corresponding region by pressure break.Hydraulic fracturing is included such that reservoir rock portion It (is typically that shear thinning, non newtonian coagulate that the high pressure and speed of fracture network, which point are formed, by the water with anti-friction agent or viscous fluid Glue or emulsion) inject in stratum.Fracturing fluid typically with proppant material (for example sand, granite fragment, ceramic bead or its Its granular materials) mixing.Proppant is used to keep one or more cracks after hydraulic pressure release.At so-called " tight " or very In the case of advising stratum, the combination of the proppant of crack and injection significantly increases the fluid ability of the reservoir through processing.

In order to further make formation stimulation and clean near-wellbore region in underground, operator can select with " being acidified " Layer.This is completed by being injected downwardly into acid solution along well and passing through perforation.Acidifying is used when stratum includes carbonate rock Solution is particularly advantageous.In operation, completion company injects the formic acid of concentration or other acidic compositions in well simultaneously Direct fluid into selected region-of-interest.Acid helps to dissolve carbonate material, thus opens porous channel, hydrocarbon fluid can To be flowed into by the passage in well.In addition, acid helps to dissolve the drilling mud of possible invaded formation.

The application of hydraulic fracturing as described above and acid volume increase is the stone applied to single oil-producing stratum (or " oil reservoir ") The regular section of oily industrial operation.Such oil reservoir can represent to be up to about the total vertical of the subsurface formations of 60 meters (100 feet) Thickness.Recently, the completion in the way of horizontally through production hydrocarbon stratum, wherein horizontal component may extend 5000 feet, 10000 feet even 15000 feet.

When there is multiple or multilayer formation by hydraulic fracturing or will to there is very thick hydrocarbon containing formation (to be more than about 40 meters or 131 English Chi) when, or in extended horizontal well just in the case of completion, it is necessary to which more complicated treatment technology is obtained to whole target The processing on stratum.In this respect, operator must isolate regional or section with ensure each independent region not only by Perforation, and to carry out abundant pressure break and processing.In this manner, operator ensures that fracturing fluid and increasing agent are penetrated by each group The hole region each paid close attention to of injection is effectively to increase the fluid ability at each desired depth.

Isolation for the regional of pre-manufactured processing needs each interval for the treatment of by stages.This is correspondingly including the use of institute The method that changes its course of meaning.In petroleum industry term, " changing its course (diversion) " represents that the fluid of injection is redirected in order to avoid into one Group perforation so that fluid mainly only enters a selected region-of-interest.In the case where multiple region-of-interests will carry out perforation, This needs to perform multiple change its course the stage.

In order to isolate selected region-of-interest, the various technologies that change its course can be used in well.In many cases, use The combination of mechanical device such as press-fracturing bridge plug, downhole valve, sliding sleeve (being referred to as " pressure break sleeve ") and gear plate blind.

Sometimes problem is encountered that so-called sand fallout during " perforation and pressure break (perf-and-frac) " process (screen-out).The crack of near wellbore is filled when the proppant compactness that the part as fracturing fluid slurry is injected Can occur sand fallout during with perforation tunnel.This, which can be formed, blocks with so that the continuation injection of the slurry inside crack needs to exceed well Or the pumping pressure of the security restriction of wellhead equipment.Operationally, this can cause the interruption of fracturing operation, and in recovery operation Need to stop pumping before and cleaning well.In fractured horizontal well, sand fallout can upset well and operate and cause cost overrun.

In the case where operator pumps slurry when effective perforating gun is in well, operator be able to may pump Period remedies sand fallout by projecting one group of new perforation.This can be completed in the case of using multizone yield-increasing technology. In this case, operator sends signal to bottom hole assembly, it includes the various perforating guns with association ammunition.Using such The example of the multizone yield-increasing technology of bottom hole assembly includes " instant perforation " (JITP) technology and " annular coiled tubing frac (ACT Frac) " technology.During these, the substantially continuous processing in each region is carried out.

Bottom hole assembly for JITP and ACT Frac processes has an advantage that they allow operator to be paid close attention to along each Region carries out perforation to sleeve pipe and then sequentially isolates corresponding region-of-interest so that fracturing fluid can be in same one stroke In the middle several region-of-interests of injection.Fortunately, each of these multizone yield-increasing technologies also provides the situation in sand fallout It is lower to form proppant disposal area as needed to clear up well (JITP) or simply by the new rock section of perforation Proppant is recycled to outside well to the ability of (ACT Frac) using the coil pipe in well.However, in more conventional carry out list region In the completion of volume increase or a secondary processing multi-openings group, sand fallout may need to change the completion equipment at earth's surface and operation On have sizable delay.

Recently, developed a kind of using the so-called new completions program from mother-tool.These are to fall into from mother-tool The instrument not being controlled in well and from earth's surface；On the contrary, these instruments include interacting with the controller on instrument with certainly Row determines one or more sensors (for example, casing collar locator (CCL)) of the position in well.When from mother-tool in underground quilt During pumping, controller finally goes out to recognize target depth and sends actuating signal, causes to act.It is the situation of bridging plug in instrument Under, plug is placed at the desired depth in well.Similarly, in the case where instrument is perforating gun, one or more detonators It is fired to " injection thing " being sent in the subsurface formations of sleeve pipe and surrounding.Unfortunately, when occurring sand fallout, autonomous perforation Rifle can not be pumped into well；Therefore, needed during perforating gun falls within sand fallout at earth's surface change completion equipment it is complete Well classification.

Even furthermore it is possible to it was observed that JITP and ACT-Frac programs are also easily by the highest region of perforation and pressure break stage The influence of the concurrent problem of sand fallout at domain.(this combines Fig. 1 F demonstrations below).

Therefore, for remedied during sand fallout situation well without interrupt pumping procedure method there is demand.In addition, right There is demand in the completion technique that can be also disposed autonomous perforation tool in the wellbore during sand fallout situation.

The content of the invention

Method described herein has various benefits in terms of oil/gas drilling and completion practice is carried out.Specifically there is provided Method for completion.

On the one hand, a kind of method of completion includes forming well first.The well is limited and extended in subsurface formations Hole.The well can be formed as generally vertical well；It is highly preferred that by getting out inclination or even horizontal well come shape Into the well.

Methods described is also included with well described in production casing post liner.The production casing is by end-to-end threaded connection A series of coupling compositions.

Methods described also includes disposing valve along the production casing.The valve may be inserted into casing string or and sleeve pipe Post is integratedly constituted.The needle forms removable barrier to the flow of fluid in the hole.Preferably, the valve is that have The sliding sleeve of the valve seat of valve ball is received, wherein the valve ball falls to forming pressure seal on the valve seat from earth's surface.Institute State sleeve to be held in place by shear pin, when the pressure that the shear pin is designed to above sleeve exceedes predetermined set point Sheared.This can open the port for regional processing or phase process.If exceeding the sand fallout pressure of estimation during processing Power, then keep the additional shear pin of valve seat to be sheared, in underground relief valve.Other types of valve can also be used, it is as follows It is described.

Methods described also includes carrying out perforation to the production casing.Along the first region-of-interest in subsurface formations to set Pipe carries out perforation.First region-of-interest is located at the valve or above the valve.The process of perforation includes hitting injection thing It is dealt into sleeve pipe, by the cement sheath of surrounding, and enters the rock matrix of the composition subsurface formations of surrounding.This passes through in well Middle use perforating gun is completed.

Next methods described includes injecting slurry in the well.The slurry includes fracturing propping agents, the pressure Proppant is split to carry preferably in water-bearing media.

Methods described, which is additionally included in, to be enough to move the valve and overcomes under the pressure for the barrier of flow of fluid Pump the slurry.The step is completed along the sand fallout situation of the first region-of-interest in response to what is formed in slurry injection period Suddenly.The valve is moved to be exposed to subsurface formations along the port of the production casing at the valve or below the valve.

Methods described additionally includes further pumping the slurry by exposed port, thus remedies on the valve The sand fallout situation of side.

In the one side of methods described, the valve is sliding sleeve.In this case, the valve is moved to expose along institute State one or many that the port of production casing includes mobile or " slip " described sleeve to build in the sliding sleeve Individual port.This can include the shearing of alignment pin.

In another embodiment, methods described also includes disposing pressure break baffle plate along the production casing.The pressure break gear Plate is located above the sliding sleeve, but at first region-of-interest or below first region-of-interest.It is described Pressure break baffle plate can be the subsystem that the neighbouring sliding sleeve is threadedly coupled to the production casing between initial break (sub) a part.Then rupture disk is pumped downwards before slurry along the well.The rupture disk is pumped into just Depth above the valve, until the rupture disk lands on the pressure break baffle plate.In this embodiment, the rupture Disk is designed to rupture more than sand-out pressure but be preferably lower than under the pressure of pressure needed for the mobile valve.

Alternatively, operator can to inject fluid under stress by the exposure port of the sliding sleeve (such as aqueous Fluid), thus form minute crack in the subsurface formations below first region-of-interest.It is pumped into by the rupture disk The step is completed by operator before in the well.

In another embodiment, the valve is the first explosion plug.The first explosion plug has the first explosion rated value.Institute State the perforation that port represents to be placed in the second region-of-interest below first region-of-interest in the production casing. In the embodiment, the mobile valve is betted with the pressure for exposing the explosion rated value that port is included in the plug that burst more than described first Enter the slurry.Alternatively, in this embodiment, methods described is additionally included at second region-of-interest or described second closes Note region lower section and burst along production casing placement the second explosion plug and the 3rd and filled in, form many in the case of multiple sand fallout Minot chain reaction.The second explosion plug and the 3rd explosion plug are with the explosion for being equal to or more than the described first explosion rated value Rated value.

It yet still another aspect, be valve with ball seat by the mobile valve, and the port is early in first region-of-interest The perforation in the production casing is placed in second region-of-interest of lower section.In this case, the mobile valve is with exposed ends Mouth, which is included under the pressure for promoting the valve ball to lose its pressure seal on the valve seat, injects the slurry.Promote described Valve ball loses its pressure seal and can be defined to promote the valve ball to crush, promote the valve ball to dissolve or promote the valve Ball is collapsed.

In a preferred embodiment, perforation is carried out to the production casing includes autonomous perforating gun assembly being pumped into the well In eye, and perforating gun is independently fired along first region-of-interest.The autonomous perforating gun assembly includes perforating gun, used In the deepness locater and onboard controller that sense position of the perforating gun assembly in the well." independently hit Hair " is represented controller pre-programmed, so that when locator has identified select location of the perforating gun along the well Send actuating signal to promote one or more detonators to fire to the perforating gun.On the one hand, the deepness locater is set Pipe collar locator, and the onboard controller interacts with described sleeve pipe collar locator with will be along the well according to algorithm The spacing of the casing coupling of eye is associated with depth.Described sleeve pipe collar locator is different along the magnetic of casing wall by detecting Often recognize box cupling.

It is observed that size is determined into and arranged together by the perforating gun, the locator and the onboard controller It is deployed in into as independent unit in the well.In this application, " independent unit " represents that component is not directly controlled from earth's surface. In other words, tool assembly knows when activation instrument independent of the signal from earth's surface.Preferably, tool assembly is not having It is released in the case of having working line in well.Tool assembly drops in well by gravity or to pumped downhole. However, can be optionally with non-electrical (non-electric) working line as such as slip.

On the other hand, just autonomous perforating gun assembly is disposed in the wellbore after sand fallout situation has been remedied.Perforating gun Component is used to fire one group of new perforation along the first region-of-interest.In this manner, can start in the region-of-interest newly Fracturing process.

Brief description of the drawings

In order to which the present invention, some rear attached accompanying drawings, chart, figure and/or flow chart may be better understood.But should note Meaning, accompanying drawing illustrate only the selected embodiment of the present invention, and therefore be not considered as the limitation of scope, and reason is this hair It is bright to allow other equivalent effective embodiments and application.

A series of side views of the lower part of well are presented in Figure 1A to 1F.Well undergoes completions program, and it is stage by stage Use perforating gun and valve ball sealer.This is known program.

Figure 1A is in the well for using production casing post liner.Ring seal packer disposes to isolate selected ground along well Lower region.Each region is identified as " A ", " B " and " C ".

Figure 1B shows the region A of the well of perforating.In addition, using any of hydraulic fracturing technology along Region A forms crack in subsurface formations.

Fig. 1 C are shown near the packer that plug is already provided in the middle of region A and B.In addition, perforating gun is shown as edge Region B and form new perforation.

Fig. 1 D show the fracturing fluid or slurry being just pumped into well, wherein being along region B in subsurface formations Middle induction man-made fracture.

Fig. 1 E show that valve ball sealer has been fallen into well, thus seal perforation along region B.In addition, now along Region C indicates perforating gun.Perforation is carried out along region C sleeve pipe.

Fig. 1 F show the fracturing fluid or slurry being just pumped into well.Region C is along to lure in subsurface formations Send out man-made fracture.

A series of side views of the lower part of well are presented in Fig. 2A to 2F.Well undergoes completions program, and it is stage by stage Use perforating gun and plug.This is known program.

Fig. 2A is in the well for using production casing post liner.Ring seal packer disposes to isolate selected ground along well Lower region.Each region is identified as " A ", " B " and " C ".

Fig. 2 B show the region A for the well for carrying out perforation using perforating gun.The plug lower going-into-well together with perforating gun Eye.

Fig. 2 C are shown forms crack along region A using fracturing fluid in subsurface formations.It can be seen that proppant is present In the annular region along region A.

Fig. 2 D are shown near the packer that second plug is already provided in the middle of region B and C.In addition, perforating gun is shown To form perforation along region B.

Fig. 2 E show that fracturing fluid is just pumped into well, wherein be along region B induces people in subsurface formations Make crack.

Fig. 2 F show that the 3rd plug is already provided near the packer in the middle of region B and C.In addition, perforating gun is shown For along region C-shaped into perforation.

A series of side views of the lower part of well are presented in Fig. 3 A to 3F.Well undergoes completions program, and it is stage by stage Use the valve ball of perforating gun, pressure break sleeve and whereabouts.This is known program.

Fig. 3 A are in the well for using production casing post liner.Ring seal packer disposes to isolate selected ground along well Lower region.Each region is identified as " A ", " B " and " C ".

Fig. 3 B show that valve ball has been fallen on the pressure break sleeve in the A of region.

Fig. 3 C are shown applies hydraulic pressure with the pressure break set in opened areas A by the way that fracturing fluid is pumped into well Cylinder.In addition, being along region A created fractures in subsurface formations.It can be seen that proppant is now currently located in the annular region along region A In.

Fig. 3 D show that the second valve ball has fallen.On the pressure break sleeve that valve ball has landed in the B of region.

Fig. 3 E are shown applies hydraulic pressure with the pressure break set in opened areas B by the way that fracturing fluid is pumped into well Cylinder.In addition, being along region B created fractures in subsurface formations.It can be seen that proppant is now currently located in the annular region along region B In.

Fig. 3 F show that the 3rd valve ball has fallen.On the pressure break sleeve that valve ball has landed in the C of region.Region C is ready for It is good to be handled.

A series of side views of the lower part of well are presented in Fig. 4 A to 4F.Well undergoes the completions program using valve, Valve is wherein activated or moves in novel application to expose along the port of production casing.

Well is presented in Fig. 4 A, and wherein (in line) is threadedly coupled sliding sleeve side by side with production casing post.Valve ball just quilt It is pumped into well to activate sliding sleeve.

Fig. 4 B show that valve ball has landed onto the valve seat of sliding sleeve.Sleeve has been activated, exposure exit port.In addition, Hydraulic fluid is pumped into well to open gap.

Fig. 4 C are another views of Fig. 4 A well.It is pumped down here, rupture disk is along well.

Fig. 4 D show that rupture disk has landed on apron block.Apron block is in the upstream of sliding sleeve.In addition, production casing The perforating above apron block.

Fig. 4 E are another views of Fig. 4 A well.Here, fracturing fluid, which is along well, is pumped downward through perforation. Crack is formed just in subsurface formations.

Fig. 4 F show the sand fallout situation in response to perforation, and fracturing fluid continues on well and is pumped down.Pumping Pressure has caused rupture disk to be destroyed, it is allowed to which slurry is moved along well downwardly and towards exposed port.

Fig. 5 A and 5B show the replacement completion method for the well of perforation.Here, rupture disk relands in gear On panel seat.However, different from the use of sliding sleeve, well independently perforating below rupture disk.

Well is presented in Fig. 5 A, and wherein rupture disk lands on apron block.Well has all received above and below apron block Perforation.Subsurface formations are by top perforation by pressure break.

Fig. 5 B are another views of Fig. 5 A well.In response to the sand fallout situation at the perforation of top, fracturing fluid continues edge Well to be pumped down.Pumping pressure has caused rupture disk to be destroyed, it is allowed to which slurry is along well downwardly and towards bottom perforation It is mobile.

Well is presented in Fig. 5 C, and wherein valve ball lands in pressure break plug.Well has all received to penetrate above and below pressure break plug Hole.Subsurface formations are by top perforation by pressure break.

Fig. 5 D are another views of Fig. 5 C well.In response to the sand fallout situation at the perforation of top, fracturing fluid continues edge Well to be pumped down.Pumping pressure has caused to be cut along the valve seat of pressure break plug, it is allowed to slurry along well downwards and court Bottom perforation movement.

Fig. 6 A and 6B show another replacement completion method of the well for perforation.Here, rupture disk is again Land is on apron block.In addition, second bottom rupture disk lands on the apron block below one group of perforation of bottom.

Well is presented in Fig. 6 A, and its middle and upper part rupture disk has landed on upper guard-plate seat.Well is above upper guard-plate seat Perforation is all received with lower section.Subsurface formations are by top perforation by pressure break.

Fig. 6 B are another views of Fig. 6 A well.In response to the sand fallout situation at the perforation of top, fracturing fluid continues edge Well to be pumped down.Pumping pressure has caused top rupture disk to be destroyed, it is allowed to which slurry is along well downwardly and towards bottom Perforation is moved.

Fig. 7 A and 7B show that a kind of of the well for perforation substitutes completion method.Here, using ball in the wellbore Seat valve.Well independently perforating below valve.

Well is presented in Fig. 7 A, wherein the valve ball that can be collapsed has landed on valve seat.Well above and below valve seat all Receive perforation.Subsurface formations are by top perforation by pressure break.

Fig. 7 B are another views of Fig. 7 A well.In response to the sand fallout situation at the perforation of top, fracturing fluid continues edge Well to be pumped down.Pumping pressure has caused valve ball to collapse, it is allowed to which slurry is moved along well downwardly and towards bottom perforation.

Fig. 8 is to show flow chart the step of being used for completion method in one embodiment.This method is using can activated To expose the valve of one group of port below perforation, sand fallout situation is thus remedied.

Embodiment

Definition

As used herein, term " hydrocarbon " refers to the main organic compound for including but is not limited to element hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon can also include other elements, such as, but not limited to halogen, metallic element, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or sulphur.Hydrocarbon is generally divided into two classes： Aliphatic or straight-chain hydrocarbons；And ring-type or closed-ring hydrocarbons, including cyclic terpene.The example of hydrocarbon material include may be used as fuel or Upgrade to any type of natural gas, oil, coal and the pitch of fuel.

As used herein, term " hydrocarbon fluid " refers to the mixture of the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon as gas or liquid.For example, Hydrocarbon fluid can be included under formation conditions, under processing conditions or at environmental condition (15 DEG C to 20 DEG C and 1 atmospheric pressure) The mixture of lower hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon as gas or liquid.Hydrocarbon fluid can include such as oil, natural gas, coal bed gas, shale oil, heat Solve oil, pyrolysis gas, the thermal decomposition product of coal and other hydrocarbon in gaseous state or liquid.

As used herein, term " fluid of output " and " production fluid " refer to from subsurface formations (including for example Rock stratum rich in organic matter) take out liquid and/or gas.The fluid of output can include hydrocarbon fluid and non-hydrocarbon fluids.Production Fluid can include but is not limited to oil, natural gas, be pyrolyzed shale oil, synthesis gas, the thermal decomposition product of coal, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, With water (including steam).

As used herein, term " fluid " refers to combination, the Yi Jiqi of gas, liquid and gas and liquid Combination, the combination and gas of liquid and solid, the combination of liquid and solid of body and solid.

As used herein, term " gas " refers to the fluid that gas phase is at 1 atmospheric pressure and 15 DEG C.

As used herein, term " oil " refers to the hydrocarbon fluid for the mixture for mainly containing condensable hydrocarbons.

As used herein, term " underground " refers to be present in the geological stratification below earth surface.

As used herein, term " stratum " refers to the subterranean zone of any definable.Stratum can include any Architectonic one or more hydrocarbon bearing formations, one or more not hydrocarbon bearing formations, overlying rock, and/or underlying stratum.

Term " region " or " region-of-interest " refer to the part on the stratum comprising hydrocarbon.Alternatively, stratum can be aqueous Interval.

For the purpose of the application, term " production casing " include along region-of-interest fix liner string in the wellbore or Any other tubular body, it extends to or not extended to earth's surface.

As used herein, term " well " refers to by drilling or inserting the catheter into underground in underground formation Hole.Well can have almost circular cross section or other shape of cross sections.As used herein, term " well " exists Represent to be used interchangeably with term " well " during the opening in stratum.

The description of selected specific embodiment

The present invention is described herein in conjunction with some specific embodiments.However, in the following detailed description specifically designed for specific In the case of embodiment or special-purpose, such detailed description is interpreted as only being exemplary, and is not construed as Limit the scope of the present invention.

Certain aspects of the invention are described herein in connection with various accompanying drawings.In some drawings, it is interpreted as court at the top of map sheet Earth's surface, and the bottom of map sheet is interpreted as towards shaft bottom.Although well is all traditionally the orientation completion with general vertical, It is it should be understood that present well also often obliquely and/or is even flatly completed.When refer to the attached drawing or in the claims During using descriptive term "up" and "down" or " top " and " bottom " or similar terms, they are interpreted as indicating map sheet On or the relative position relative to claim terms, and be not necessarily the orientation in ground, reason be no matter well How to orient the present invention all has practicality.

Well completion in unconventional reservoir increasingly increases in length.No matter such well is vertical or level , such well is required for placement multi-openings group and multiple cracks.Known completion correspondingly needs to add downhole hardware, this Increase the expense, complexity and risk of such completion.

It is known to there are several technologies to be used to split multiple regions along the extended reach well intraocular pressure for being easy to carry out hydrocarbon production operation.It is a kind of this The technology of sample is including the use of the perforating gun and valve ball sealer run stage by stage.

A series of side views of the lower part of extension well 100 are presented in Figure 1A to Fig. 1 F.Well 100 is undergoing completion journey Sequence, it uses perforating gun 150 and valve ball sealer 160 stage by stage.

First, Figure 1A introduces well 100.Well 100 is lined with the casing string of production casing 120.Production casing 120 is limited A series of pipe joints of the length of end-to-end threaded connection.Production casing 120 provides hole 105 to transport fluid into well 100 neutralizations are sent out from well 100.

Production casing 120 is located in the subsurface formations 110 of surrounding.Ring seal packer disposes to isolate choosing along sleeve pipe 120 Fixed subterranean zone.Three exemplary areas are shown in Fig. 1 series, are designated " A ", " B " and " C ".Packer is correspondingly 115A, 115B, 115C and 115D are designated as, and is commonly positioned in the middle of each region.

Expect to carry out perforation and fracturing stratum along each in region A, B and C.Figure 1B shows the area of perforating Domain A.Perforation 125A is disposed by igniting the ammunition associated with perforating gun 150.In addition, along region A in subsurface formations Crack 128A is formed in 110.Crack 128A is formed using any of hydraulic fracturing technology.

It is observed that on forming crack 128A, using the hydraulic fluid 145 with proppant.Proppant is typically Sand, and for keeping crack 128A to open after the release of stratum 110 hydraulic pressure.It can also be observed that in injection hydraulic fluid After 145, thin ring-type gravel filling is stayed in the region being formed between the stratum 110 of sleeve pipe 120 and surrounding.This is in packing It is visible between device 115A and 115B.Gravel filling advantageously supports the stratum 110 of surrounding and helps to maintain fines from invading Enter hole 105.

It is used as next step, fracture zone B.This shows in fig. 1 c.Fig. 1 C show that plug 140 is already provided at region A Near the packer 115B in the middle of B.In addition, perforating gun 150 is disposed along region B.The additional bullet associated with perforating gun 150 Medicine is detonated, and produces perforation 125B.

Next, Fig. 1 D show that fracturing fluid 145 is just being pumped into hole 105.Region B is along in subsurface formations Man-made fracture 128B is formed in 110.In addition, new perforating gun 150 has dropped in well 100 and disposed along region C.Valve ball Sealer 160 has been fallen into well.

Fig. 1 E show the next step for completing multizone well 100.In fig. ie, valve ball sealer 160 has fallen into hole Landed in 105 and along region B.The sealing perforation of valve ball sealer 160 125B.

It can also be observed that perforating gun 150 is increased to region C in well 100 in fig. ie.It is related to perforating gun 150 The remaining ammunition of connection is detonated, and produces new perforation 125C.After perforation, fracturing fluid 145 is behind perforating gun 150 by pump It is sent in hole 105.

Finally, Fig. 1 F show that fracturing fluid 145 is just further pumped into well 100.Specifically, fracturing fluid 145 are pumped through the new perforation 125C along region C.Along region C man-made fracture has been induced in subsurface formations 120 128C.Percussion ammunition in perforating gun 150 has been finished, and rifle is pulled out from well 100.

Figure 1A to 1F multizone completions program is referred to as " instant perforation " (JITP) process.JITP methods represent a kind of height The method of effect, reason is can be in the case where perforating gun be in well by fracturing fluid tripping in well.Once it is shot up penetrating Hole and crack is formed, valve ball sealer just falls.When valve ball sealer is seated on perforation, in next region, percussion is penetrated Hole rifle.These steps are repeated for multiple regions, until all rifles are all finished.Then new plug 140 and the mistake are set Journey is started again at.

JITP processes need the ability of low flushing dose and offer along each district management sand fallout.But, it needs prolonging Multiple plugs are drilled in the well stretched.Even in addition, the program is also easy to sand fallout at the highest zone in multizone stage.At this Aspect, if occurring sand fallout along exemplary area C during pumping, will need to carry out cleaning operation.This is due to slurry 145 can not pass through perforation 125C by complete pumping and enter stratum, and reason is the presence of the He of valve ball sealer 160 along region B Bridging plug 140 above the A of region.

The replacement completions program used is traditional " blocking and perforation (Plug and Perf) " technology.This is in Fig. 2A Shown into 2F.A series of side views of the lower part of well 200 are presented in Fig. 2.Well 200 undergoes completions program, and it is stage by stage Use perforation plug 240 and rifle 250.

Fig. 2A is in the well 200 for the casing string for being lined with production casing 220.The well 200 and Figure 1A phase of well 100 Together.Well 200 is lined with the casing string of production casing 220.Production casing 220 provides hole 205 to transport fluid into well Eye 200 is neutralized and sent out from well 200.Production casing 220 is located in the subsurface formations 210 of surrounding.

Ring seal packer equally disposes to isolate the selected subterranean region for being designated " A ", " B " and " C " along sleeve pipe 220 Domain.Packer is correspondingly noted as 215A, 215B, 215C and 215D.

In order to complete well 200, the equal perforating of region A, B and C.In fig. 2b, the tripping in hole 205 of perforating gun 250.Rifle 250 dispose along region A.Perforation is formed by igniting the ammunition associated with perforating gun 250 in production casing 120 225A。

With perforating gun 250 together, plug 240A has been set.In practice, plug 240A is typically on cable 255 Tripping in hole 205 at the lower end of perforating gun.In other words, before ammunition ignition, plug 240A and rifle 250 tripping in well together 200。

Next, fracturing fluid 245 is injected into the perforation 225A newly formed.Fracturing fluid 245 with proppant It is injected to flow through perforation 225A under stress and enters stratum 210.In this manner, forming man-made fracture 228A.

Fig. 2 C show the crack 228A formed in subsurface formations 210 along region A.Present visible proppant is located at Along in region A annular region.Thus, some gravel fillings are formed.

In the completion method of Fig. 2 series of accompanying drawing, repeat to carry out perforation and pressure break along region A on region B and C Process.Fig. 2 D show the second perforating gun 250 and the second plug 240B of tripping in well 200.Rifle 250 is disposed along region B, And plug 240B is arranged near packer 215B.In addition, the ammunition associated with perforating gun 250 has been detonated, along region B Form new perforation 225B.

Next, fracturing fluid 245 is injected in the perforation 225B newly formed.Fracturing fluid 245 with proppant exists It is injected to flow through perforation 225B under pressure and enters stratum 210.In this manner, and as shown in Figure 2 E, form new Man-made fracture 228A.

" blocking and perforation " process is repeated for region C.Fig. 2 F show that the 3rd perforating gun 250 declines in hole 205 To near the C of region, and the 3rd plug 240C is already provided near the packer in the middle of region B and C.In addition, perforating gun 250 is aobvious It is shown as along region C-shaped into perforation.It should be appreciated that then using fracturing fluid (not shown) along region C in subsurface formations 210 Middle formation crack (also not shown).

In order to carry out perforation to multiple regions, " blocking and perforation " process needs to use many independent plugs.Can be with Those plugs must be correspondingly drilled out before starting production operation.In addition, " blocking and perforation " process needs big flushing dose And it is also easy to sand fallout.In this respect, if occurring sand fallout along any region during pumping, it will need to carry out cleaning behaviour Make.This is due to that slurry can not pass through perforation by complete pumping and enter stratum, or further downward along well, and reason is in mesh There is bridging plug (such as plug 240C) immediately below region in mark.

The another completions program used includes disposing multiple pressure break sleeves (or " pressure break sleeve pipe ") along production casing.This It is referred to as " valve ball and telescopic " completion.Valve ball and sleeve technology are shown in Fig. 3 A into 3F.Well 300 is presented in Fig. 3 figure A series of side views of lower part.Well 300 undergoes completions program, and it uses pressure break sleeve 321 stage by stage.

First, Fig. 3 A introduce well 300.Well 300 is identical with Figure 1A well 100.Well 300 is lined with production casing 320 casing string, it provides hole 305 and neutralized for transporting fluid into well 300 sends out from well 300.Ring seal packer 315A, 315B, 315C, 315D dispose to isolate selected subterranean zone along sleeve pipe 320.Each region is identified as " A ", " B " " C ".

In the Completion Operations shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 series, each in region A, B and C is by sequentially perforation.However, In the Completion Operations of Fig. 3 series, pressure break sleeve 321A, 321B, 321C have been used.Use valve ball 323A, 323B, 323C order Open pressure break sleeve 321A, 321B, 321C in ground.This promotes each port to be exposed along production casing 320.

Referring now to Fig. 3 B, it can be seen that pressure break sleeve 321A is disposed along region A.Valve ball 323A has fallen into well In 300 and land on the valve seat associated with pressure break sleeve 321A.

Fig. 3 C, which are shown, have been applied hydraulic pressure to open pressure break sleeve 321A.This by fracturing fluid 345 by being pumped into hole 305 In complete.As shown in Figure 3 C, fracturing fluid 345 flows through pressure break sleeve 321A, into production casing 320 and the ground of surrounding Annular region between lower stratum 310, and enter stratum 310 itself.It is along region A created fractures in subsurface formations 310 328A.In addition, it is seen that proppant is now currently located in along in region A annular region.

In the completion method of Fig. 3 series of accompanying drawing, repeat to open sleeve and pressure break along region A on region B and C Process.Fig. 3 D show that the second valve ball 323B has fallen into well 300 and landed on sleeve 321B.Sleeve 321B is along region B is positioned.

Fig. 3 E, which are shown, have been applied hydraulic pressure to open pressure break sleeve 321B.This by fracturing fluid 345 by being pumped into well Completed in 300.It is along region B created fractures in subsurface formations 310.It can be seen that proppant is now currently located in along region B's In annular region.

" valve ball and sleeve " process is repeated for region C.Fig. 3 F show that the 3rd valve ball 323C has been fallen into hole 305.Valve Ball 323C has landed onto adjacent domain C pressure break sleeve 321C.It should be appreciated that then along region C in subsurface formations 310 Form crack (not shown).

As Fig. 3 series shown in sleeve 321A, 321B, 321C use reduce completion needed for flushing dose.This is corresponding Ground reduces the influence to environment.Meanwhile, the use of multiple sleeves brings higher hardware risk and Geng Gao sand fallout risk.Such as During pumping along any region sand fallout occurs for fruit, then will need to carry out cleaning operation.This is due to that slurry can not be complete Pumping is by perforation and enters stratum, and reason is the presence of seal sleeve.

As the demand to " Accurate Points increase production (pinpoint stimulation) " has been approved, for given well Length, the quantity in stage is likely to increase in future.However, single region volume increase experience have shown that, when well is divided into less place When managing section, the risk of sand fallout can increase.This means the chance being pumped into the rock that is easily processed reduction.From using only pressure break It is very expensive to recover in the sand fallout problem of the completion of sleeve, and is usually directed to well interference and is disposed during drill-well operation The removal (that is, destroying) of hardware in well.

For those reasons with possible other reasons, it is desirable to during changing Fig. 1 series, Fig. 2 series and Fig. 3 series The program of presentation.Specifically, it is desired to substitute well plug and sleeve with the valve of fluid barriers is formed, but it can wherein utilize Increased pumping pressure is come optionally removing fluids barrier to expose the port through production casing.In this manner, slurry The port then exposed can be pumped through.This causes also being capable of uninterrupted pumping pressure in the wellbore when occurring sand fallout Rip current body.

There is provided for providing valve in the wellbore with remove be directed to downhole fluid flow barrier various methods and It is described below.

A series of side views of the lower part of well 400 are presented in Fig. 4 A to 4F.Well 400 undergoes completions program, its Perforation and pressure break including at least one region-of-interest.Well 400 limits the hole 405 formed by subsurface formations 410. In exemplary Fig. 4 series, well 400 is with the completion that is horizontally oriented.

Fig. 4 A introduce well 400.Well 400 is completed with the casing string of production casing 420.Production casing 420 is represented A series of couplings of end-to-end threaded connection.Production casing 420 provides the road that well 400 is entered and left for fluid Footpath.

Annular region 415 is located between production casing 420 and the surrounding rock matrix of subsurface formations 410.Annular region 415 Filled with cement, this is known in drilling and well completion technology.So-called swell packers are used in annular region 415 In the case of (for example, see accompanying drawing Fig. 1 series packer 115A, 115B, 115C and 115D), annular region 415 will be not filled with Cement.

Pressure break sleeve 440 is disposed along production casing 420.Pressure break sleeve 440 limits hydraulic actuated valve.This can be example Such as the Falcon hydraulic actuated valves of Texas Sugar Land Schlumberger Co., Ltds.Pressure break sleeve 440 is wrapped Include valve seat 442.The size of valve seat 442 determines into reception valve ball 450.In Fig. 4 A view, valve ball 450 has fallen, and such as arrow Advanced shown in head B along well 400 downwardly against valve seat 442.When being landed on valve seat 442, valve ball 450 is by seal sleeve 440 In through hole 445.

As shown in Figure 4 A, well 400 also includes apron block 462.Apron block 462 is limited and the spiral shell side by side of production casing 420 The subsystem of line connection.The size of apron block 462, which is determined into, receives the rupture disk that 460 are shown as in Fig. 4 C and 4D.

Next view of well 400 is presented in Fig. 4 B.Here, valve ball 450 has landed on the valve seat 442 of pressure break sleeve 460. Valve ball 450 provides sufficient pressure seal, and fluid barriers are formed in hole 405.

Fig. 4 B are also shown for pressure break sleeve 440 and moved.This means pressure is applied to valve seat 462 by valve ball 450, lead Cause sleeve 440 to shift, thus expose one or more ports 455.By by fluid injection wells eye in and make at earth's surface Apply Fluid pressure to apply pressure with pump (not shown).

It can also be seen that having occurred pressure break to a certain degree.As the result for injecting fluid under stress, in subsurface formations At least one gap 458 or " microcrack " have been formed in 410.Preferably, fluid be invade near-wellbore region salt solution or its Its aqueous fluid.

Placement situation of the rupture disk 460 in hole 405 is shown referring to Fig. 4 C and 4D, Fig. 4 C now.Rupture disk 460 Just in pumped downhole, as shown by arrow D.In fig. 4d, rupture disk 460 has landed on apron block 462.Apron block 462 is located at Pressure break sleeve 440 is nearby and just at the top of flowing ports 455 newly exposed.

Rupture disk 460 includes barrier film or other pressure-responsive devices.Pressure apparatus has explosion rated value.Pressure in hole 405 When power exceedes explosion rated value, disk 460 will rupture, it is allowed to which flow of fluid passes through wherein.Before explosion, 460 pairs of flowings of disk are logical The fluid formation barrier of via 405.

One group of new perforation 478 is also shown in fig. 4d.Perforation 478 is formed by sleeve pipe 420 and enters subsurface formations 410.Perforation is projected using perforating gun (not shown).Perforating gun can be the selected firelock for for example firing 16 shootings.Rifle has There is the association ammunition of ignition to promote to launch thing from gunslinging and promote to project the production casing 420 that thing enters surrounding.Allusion quotation Type, perforating gun 420 includes the distribution of lengths along rifle 420 and according to the ammunition string for expecting the shaping that specification is oriented.

Alternatively, perforating gun can be the autonomous perforation for example described in U.S. Patent bulletin the 2013/0062055th A part for rifle component.Autonomous perforating gun assembly is designed to be discharged into well 400 and voluntarily activated.In this respect, the group Part does not need cable, and otherwise need not tie or be electrically connected to equipment outside well by machinery.Carrying method can With including gravity, pumping or traction conveying.

Autonomous perforating gun assembly generally includes perforating gun, deepness locater and onboard controller.Deepness locater can be The casing collar locator (CCL) of magnetic flux is measured for example when component is fallen by well.The exception of magnetic flux is read as sleeve pipe and connect Bind round the length positioning along casing string.When component is moved down by well, the component along casing string by counting box cupling To understand its position in the wellbore.

Onboard controller is programmed to send actuating signal.When component has been reached along the select location of well, letter Number it is sent to perforating gun.In the case of figure 4b, the position is in the top of pressure break sleeve 440 and along the depth of region-of-interest Degree.In order to confirm position, controller can carry out pre-programmed with known sleeve pipe or stratum well-logging.Controller will be by sleeve pipe The well-logging of reading and preloaded that collar locator or other logging tools are obtained in real time is compared.

It can also include power supply from master component.Power supply can be for example one or more lithium batteries or battery pack.Power supply will It is located at together with onboard controller in shell.Perforating gun, positioner, onboard controller and battery pack together size determine into It is arranged as independent unit deployment in the wellbore.

Elongate body is limited from master component.The component is preferably made up of frangible or " fragility " material.In this respect, its quilt It is designed to decompose when the ammunition associated with perforating gun is detonated.

Well completion assemblies are preferably equipped with specific purpose tool location algorithm.The algorithm allows instrument going to underground select location Way in be accurately tracked by casing coupling.No. 13/989,726 disclosure of U.S. Patent Application No. submitted on May 24th, 2013 A kind of method of actuated downhole tool in the wellbore.The entitled of the patent application " is used for the automatic control of autonomous downhole tool System and method (the Method for Automatic Control and Positioning of Autonomous of positioning Downhole Tools)”.The patent application is disclosed for No. 2013/0255939 as U.S. Patent bulletin.

According to U.S. Patent bulletin the 2013/0255939th, operator will gather CCL data sets from well first.This is excellent Selection of land is completed using traditional casing collar locator (CCL).Casing collar locator (CCL) enters well to detect on cable or electric wire Along the magnetic anomaly of casing string.Continuous recording magnetic signal and the depth of measurement are associated by CCL data sets.More specifically Ground, can determine the depth of casing coupling based on the length and speed of the cable of traction CCL well logging apparatus.In this manner, shape Into the first CCL well-loggings for well.

In practice, the first CCL well-loggings are downloaded in the processor as a part for onboard controller.It is onboard The depth signal that controller processing is generated by casing collar locator (CCL).On the one hand, onboard controller will come from position locator Generation signal enter with the predetermined physical characteristic value (signature) for well object that is obtained from existing CCL well-loggings Row compares.

Onboard controller is programmed to when crossing casing coupling from mother-tool continuously record of magnetic signal.In this manner, Form the 2nd CCL well-loggings.Processor or onboard controller convert what is recorded by application moving window statistical analysis The magnetic signal of 2nd CCL well-loggings.Remember in addition, processor logs well the 2nd transformed CCL during downhole tool is disposed Record is incrementally compared to associate the value of instruction casing collar location with the first CCL well-loggings.This preferably passes through pattern Matching algorithm is completed.The algorithm will represent that each peak value of casing collar location or the group of even peak value are associated.This Outside, processor is programmed to recognize the select location in well, and then when processor has identified select location, will swash Signal living is sent to activatable borehole apparatus or instrument.

In some cases, operator can access well figure, and its offer is marked on underground as such as casing coupling Remember the definite information of the spacing of thing.Then, onboard controller can be programmed to count casing coupling, thus in instrument The position of instrument is determined when moving down in the wellbore.

In some cases, production casing can be pre-designed to so-called short circuit head, i.e. for example length is only 15 or 20 feet of selected joint, rather than such as 30 feet of " standard " length for completion selected by operator.At this In the case of, when well completion assemblies are moved through sleeve pipe, onboard controller can use the unevenly spaced work provided by short circuit head To check or confirming the means of the position in well.

In one embodiment, this method also includes CCL data set of the conversion for the first CCL well-loggings.This also leads to Cross using moving window statistical analysis to complete.First CCL well-loggings are downloaded in processor surveys as the first conversion CCL Well is recorded.In this embodiment, processor incrementally enters the second conversion CCL well-loggings with the first conversion CCL well-loggings Row compares the value for indicating casing collar location being associated.

It should be appreciated that deepness locater can be any other logging tool.For example, onboard deepness locater can be Gamma ray logging tools, density log instrument, neutron well logging instrument or other stratum logging tool.In this case, control Real time readouts and the gamma ray of preloaded from logging tool or neutron log are compared by device processed.Alternatively, Deepness locater can be position sensor (such as IR readings for the label (such as IR transceivers) that sensing is disposed along sleeve pipe Device).When position sensor has been identified along one or more selection marquee things of sleeve pipe, onboard controller will activate signal It is sent to perforating gun.

In one embodiment, algorithm is interacted with onboard accelerometer.Accelerometer is measurement institute during free-falling The device of the acceleration of experience.Accelerometer can include size and side of many axis capabilities to detect the acceleration as vector To.When being communicated with analysis software, accelerometer allows the position for confirming object.

The additional thin of instrument location algorithm is disclosed in above-cited U.S. Patent bulletin the 2013/0255939th Section.The full content of the related co-pending application is incorporated herein by reference.

In order to prevent premature activation, there is provided a series of doors.U.S. Patent Application No. 14/005,166 describes one kind The perforating gun assembly discharged from well head.This application was submitted on the 13rd in September in 2013, and entitled " for autonomous downhole tool Security system (Safety System for Autonomous Downhole Tool) ".The patent application is special as the U.S. Sharp publication the 2013/0248174th is disclosed.Corresponding pass through discussion of Fig. 8 and door in the disclosure application are incorporated herein by reference.

After perforation is projected, operator starts formation breakdown operation.Fig. 4 E illustrate shifting of the slurry 470 by hole 405 It is dynamic.Slurry is as indicated by the arrows in pumped downhole.When slurry 470 reaches perforation, slurry intrusion subsurface formations 410, in rock Form tunnel and small crack 478.

It is observed that preventing the flowing ports 458 that slurry is moved down into pressure break sleeve 440 by rupture disk 460. Importantly, rupture disk 460 is designed to have the explosion rated value higher than estimation stratum separating pressure.It is desirable that operator Or well completion engineer based on geological machinery by being modeled, the previous experiences of field data and/or same area predefine expection Stratum separating pressure.Rupture disk of the selection with the explosion rated value sufficiently higher than stratum separating pressure is with during avoiding pumping Cracking.

Finally, Fig. 4 F, which are shown, has occurred sand fallout situation.Sand or other proppant materials are tightly packed in the He of perforation 475 In crack 478, the degree of other slurry can no longer be pumped by being even up to.When aqueous (or other) mounting medium leaks into ground Can occur the situation when in layer, sand grains is left in the original location.

Operator at earth's surface recognizes occurred sand fallout situation by observing earth's surface pump.In this respect, pressure will be in well Quickly set up in eye, the pressure reading quickly climbed is produced at earth's surface.Under conditions of routine operation, operator needs to retract Pump speed prevents from damaging earth's surface to prevent borehole pressure from exceeding the explosion rated value and maximum hoop and tensile stress of sleeve pipe Valve.Then, operator may desire to make well be flowed back using bottom pressure, with attempt and push be loaded with the slurry of proppant from Drive a well and reach earth's surface.In known program, if underspeed, proppant will drop in sleeve pipe and pass through after well Portion, produces the proppant bridge for having to be removed before operation can continue by machinery.On the other hand, if at earth's surface pressure It is too fast to reduce, then the serious mill of valve and pipeline is caused when the high flow rate of proppant can flow through significantly smaller pipeline at it Damage.

It is that self is remedied the problem of sand fallout in the novel method shown in Fig. 4 series in accompanying drawing.In this respect, de- During sand by pumping and by be loaded with proppant slurry hydrostatic head produce excess pressure by promote in rupture disk 460 every Film bursts.The incident occurs in Fig. 4 F.

It is visible in Fig. 4 F to pass through the formation through hole 465 of rupture disk 460.Remaining slurry 470 is present in the wellbore It is moved through through hole 465.In addition, slurry 470 is being moved through the flowing ports 455 of pressure break sleeve 440.In this manner, de- The problem of sand, is remedied.

In the method for Fig. 4 series of accompanying drawing, rupture disk 460 is used as valve.The well pressure that response valve runs into during sand fallout Power and " opening ".When valve 460 is opened, for being removed along the barrier of the downward flow of fluid of well, flowing ports are exposed 455.This correspondingly alleviates excessive borehole pressure.

It should be noted that rupture disk 460 is actually the optional feature in the method for Fig. 4 series.It can be ruptured by removing Disk 460 and as the valve of opening change this method using only pressure break sleeve 440.In this case, sleeve 440 in perforation and Its closed position, and the opening only when the higher borehole pressure for indicating sand fallout occurs are maintained at during fracturing operation.As a result Be flowing ports 455 the step of Fig. 4 E in open rather than in figure 4b in the step of open.

In another embodiment, using rupture disk without pressure break sleeve.Fig. 5 A and 5B show such method.

First, Fig. 5 A show the well 500 of experience completion.Well 500 is with the completion that is horizontally oriented.Well 500 Completion is included in the casing string of affixed production casing 520 in place in the subsurface formations 510 of surrounding.Optional cement is around set Shown in the annular region 515 of pipe 520.

With this viewpoint, two region-of-interests of the well 500 along the independent perforation instruction by 575' and 575 " are complete Into.The bottom region-of-interest indicated by perforation 575' is by pressure break.A certain degree of crack is schematically shown at 578'.By The top region-of-interest that perforation 575 " is indicated is also by pressure break.578, " place shows crack.

In fig. 5, rupture disk 560 has been pumped down in hole 505.Disk 560 has landed on apron block 562.Baffle plate Seat 562 is located above bottom region-of-interest and corresponding perforation 575'.In this manner, rupture disk 560 is located at bottom perforation 575' Group and top perforation 575 " group between.

Rupture disk 560 includes pressure diaphragm 564.Barrier film 564 have be higher than top perforation 575 " expection formation breakdown pressure The burst pressure of power.Specifically, disk 560 is designed in top perforation 575 " pressure break during rupture in the case of sand fallout.Cause This, the explosion rated value for rupture disk 560 and its barrier film 564 is designed to be similar to will be in well in the case of sand fallout The pressure being subjected in 500.

The situation of sand fallout occurred for Fig. 5 B shows.It can be seen that slurry 570 has moved through top perforation 575, and edge Moved downwardly against bottom perforation 575' group in hole 505.Due to sand fallout cause it is pressure accumulated caused pressure diaphragm 564 break Split, new through hole 565 is formed in rupture disk 560.Slurry 570 will go successively to bottom perforation 575' group, such as arrow S institutes Show.Therefore, rupture disk 560 is essentially acted as relief valve.

In another embodiment, using the pressure break plug that can be cut in response to sand fallout situation.Fig. 5 C and 5D show this The method of sample.

First, Fig. 5 C show the same well 500 with equally undergoing completion in Fig. 5 A.Well 500 is with level Orientation is completed.The completion of well 500 is included in the casing string of affixed production casing 520 in place in the subsurface formations 510 of surrounding. Optional cement is shown in the annular region 515 around sleeve pipe 520.

In figure 5 c, pressure break plug 580 is disposed along sleeve pipe 520.Pressure break plug 580 can be for example with the valve with cage The Halliburton composite fracturing plugs of ball and valve seat.Pressure break plug 580 includes size and determines into the valve seat 584 for receiving valve ball 550. On the valve seat 584 that valve ball 550 has landed above bottom region-of-interest and corresponding perforation 575'.In this manner, valve ball 550 Between the group of group and top perforation 575 in bottom perforation 575' ".

Pressure break plug 580 include be designed to respond in the Fluid pressure in hole 505 be more than top perforation 575 " pressure break during Sand-out pressure and the shear pin 582 that discharges.This is than for top perforation 575 " the higher pressure of expection formation fracture pressure Power.Valve seat 584 is kept by shear pin, when more than the pressure differential of design (most possibly by proppant to upper formation 575 " in Sand fallout and cause), the shear pin relief valve (valve ball 550 and valve seat 584).

Fig. 5 D illustrate the situation for having occurred sand fallout.It can be seen that slurry 570 has moved through top perforation 575 ", and edge Moved downwardly against bottom perforation 575' group in hole 505.Because what sand fallout was caused pressure accumulated has caused along pressure break plug 580 Pin 582 is sheared, it is allowed to which slurry 570 goes successively to bottom perforation 575' group, as indicated by the arrows.Valve ball 550 and valve seat 584 are just Fall in well 500.Thus, the valve ball of releasable pressure break plug 580 and valve seat type arrangement are essentially acted as relief valve.

In another embodiment, two rupture disks are used between top region-of-interest and bottom region-of-interest without pressing Split sleeve.Fig. 6 A and 6B show such method.

First, Fig. 6 A show the well 600 of experience completion.Well 600 is with the completion that is horizontally oriented.Well 600 Completion is included in the casing string of affixed production casing 620 in place in the subsurface formations 610 of surrounding.Optional cement is around set Shown in the annular region 615 of pipe 620.

In fig. 6, well 600 is complete along two region-of-interests by the independent perforation instruction in 675' and 675 " Into.The bottom region-of-interest indicated by perforation 675' is by pressure break.A certain degree of crack is schematically shown at 678'.By The top region-of-interest that perforation 675 " is indicated is also by pressure break.678, " place shows crack.

In fig. 6, top rupture disk 660 " has been pumped down in hole 605.Disk 660 " has landed in upper guard-plate seat 662 " on.Upper guard-plate seat 662 " is located above bottom region-of-interest and corresponding perforation 675'.In this manner, rupture disk 660 " Group 675 positioned at top perforation is " between the group 675' of bottom perforation.

Top rupture disk 660 " includes pressure diaphragm 664 ".Barrier film 664 " has the expection formation breakdown higher than stratum 610 The burst pressure of pressure.Specifically, disk 660 " is designed to rupture in the case of sand fallout during the perforation 675' pressure breaks of top.Therefore The explosion rating designs of rupture disk 660 " and its barrier film 664 " are into being similar in the case of sand fallout to be subjected in well 600 Pressure.

Well 600 also includes bottom rupture disk 660'.Previously by bottom rupture disk 660' in " it of top rupture disk 660 Before be pumped down into hole 605.Bottom rupture disk 660' sizes are determined into through upper guard-plate seat 662 " and land in bottom On apron block 662'.Under shield seat 662' is located at below bottom region-of-interest and corresponding perforation 675'.

Bottom rupture disk 660' also includes pressure diaphragm 664'.Barrier film 664' have be higher than top rupture disk 660 " explosion The burst pressure of rated value.Specifically, disk 660' is designed to even in top perforation 675 " pressure break during can also bear pre- The sand fallout of phase.

Fig. 6 B show the situation for having occurred sand fallout.It can be seen that slurry 670 has moved through top perforation 675 ", and edge Moved downwardly against bottom perforation 675' group in hole 605.Pressure accumulated top rupture disk 660 is caused due to what sand fallout was caused " In pressure diaphragm 664' ruptures, rupture disk 660 " in formed new through hole 665 ".Bottom rupture disk 660' keeps complete, and And the group for forcing slurry 670 to enter bottom perforation 675', as indicated by the arrows.

As can be seen here, the first rupture disk 660 " is essentially acted as relief valve again.

In another embodiment, using the pressure break plug with removable valve ball without pressure break sleeve.Fig. 7 A and 7B are shown Such method.

First, Fig. 7 A show another well 700 of experience completions program.Well 700 is with the completion that is horizontally oriented.Well The completion of eye 700 is included in the casing string of affixed production casing 720 in place in the subsurface formations 710 of surrounding.Optional cement Shown in the annular region 715 around sleeve pipe 720.

In Fig. 7 A view, well 700 is again along two indicated by the independent perforation in 775' and 775 " Region-of-interest is completed.The bottom region-of-interest indicated by perforation 775' is by pressure break.Certain journey is schematically shown at 778' The crack of degree.By perforation 775, " the top region-of-interest indicated is also by pressure break.778, " place shows crack.

In fig. 7, valve with ball seat 760 is disposed along subsurface formations 710.Valve 760 is included with production casing 720 side by side The subsystem of threaded connection.There is valve 760 size to determine into the valve seat 762 for receiving valve ball 750.Visible valve ball 750 in fig. 7 Fall into hole 705 and landed on valve seat 762, be consequently formed the pressure for preventing that fluid from further flowing downward along hole 705 Power is sealed.

Valve with ball seat 760 is located above bottom region-of-interest and corresponding perforation 775'.Meanwhile, valve 760 is paid close attention to positioned at top Below region and corresponding perforation 775 ".

The material manufacture of valve ball 750 uniquely by being collapsed in response to pressure.Different from burst pressure, it, which has, collapses Fall into pressure.Collapse Pressure is the pressure that valve ball 750 will collapse or rupture or dissolve.In Fig. 7 A and 7B arrangement, the pressure is high In the expection formation fracture pressure of subsurface formations 710.Specifically, valve ball 750 is designed to during the perforation 775' pressure breaks of top Collapsed in the case of sand fallout.Therefore, valve ball 750 collapse that rated value is designed to be similar to will be in well in the case of sand fallout The pressure being subjected in 700.

In fig. 7, slurry 770 is just pumped downwards along hole 705.This results in Cracks In Upper 778 " group.However, Fig. 7 B Illustrate in these cracks 778 " level at occurred sand fallout situation.It can be seen that slurry 770 has moved through top perforation 775 ", And moved along group of the hole 705 downwardly against bottom perforation 775'.Pressure accumulated valve ball is caused due to what sand fallout was caused (750) collapse, crush, decompose and/or dissolve, new through hole 765 is formed in valve seat 762.Slurry 770 will go successively to bottom Perforation 775' group, as indicated by the arrows.Therefore, valve with ball seat 760 is essentially acted as relief valve.

Advantageously for the embodiment, well completion engineer (or operator) requires no knowledge about downstream pressure and used just to limit To form the optimum pressure of leakage paths.Processing pressure acts only on the pressure inside valve ball 750, and this causes it to collapse or break It is bad.This correspondingly allows fluid bypass to pass through the valve ball 750 that collapses.

The method of the present invention can be presented in a flowchart.Fig. 8 gives the completion side embodied in one embodiment The flow chart of the step of method 800.With reference to this method, the sand fallout situation along well is remedied.

Method 800 includes forming well first.This shows at square 810.Well is limited and extended in subsurface formations Hole.Well can be shaped generally as vertical well；It is highly preferred that well is drilled as slant well, or be even more preferably still drilled be Horizontal well.

Method 800 also includes at least descending part with production casing post liner well.This is provided at square 820.It is raw Production sleeve pipe is made up of a series of couplings of end-to-end threaded connection.

Method 800 also includes disposing valve along production casing.This is indicated at square 840.Fluid stream in needle device to hole It is dynamic to form removable barrier.Preferably, valve is the sliding sleeve with the valve seat for receiving valve ball, and wherein valve ball falls from earth's surface To form pressure seal on valve seat.Other types of valve can also be used, as described below.

Method 800 also includes carrying out perforation to production casing.This shows at square 850.Sleeve pipe is along in subsurface formations The first region-of-interest perforating.First region-of-interest is located at valve or above valve.The process of perforation includes that thing percussion will be projected Into sleeve pipe, by the annular region (it can be with or without cement sheath) of surrounding, and enter composition subsurface formations Surrounding rock matrix.This using perforating gun by being completed in the wellbore.

Next method 800 includes injecting slurry in well.This is provided at square 860.Slurry includes preferably existing The proppant carried in water-bearing media.Slurry is injected with enough amounts and enough pressure, so that along region-of-interest on ground Crack is formed in lower stratum.

Method 800, which is additionally included in, to be enough to move valve and overcome to pump slurry under the pressure for the barrier of flow of fluid.This It is visible at square 870.Pump is carried out in response to the sand fallout situation along the first region-of-interest produced in slurry injection period Send.The subsurface formations that mobile valve will be exposed at valve or below valve along the port of production casing.

In the one side of this method, valve is sliding sleeve.In this case, valve is moved to expose along the end of production casing Mouth includes one or more ports of mobile or " slip " sleeve to be built in sliding sleeve.Alternatively, operator can To inject fluid (such as aqueous fluid) under stress by exposed port before perforation is carried out to sleeve pipe.This can be in neighbour Small crack is formed in subsurface formations below first region-of-interest of nearly sliding sleeve.In this case, operator is subsequent By rupture disk be placed on the top of sliding sleeve with during pressure break sealing hole from slurry influence.

In another embodiment, method 800 also includes disposing pressure break baffle plate along production casing.Pressure break baffle plate is located at fracturing valve Top, but at the first region-of-interest or below the first region-of-interest.Pressure break baffle plate can be close between initial break Valve is threadedly coupled to a part for the subsystem of production casing.Then rupture disk is pumped downwards before slurry along well. Disk is pumped into the depth above just at valve, until disk lands on pressure break baffle plate.In this embodiment, rupture disk is designed Ruptured under more than sand-out pressure but less than the pressure of pressure needed for mobile valve.

In the arrangement of replacement, rupture disk is valve in itself.In this arrangement, without using fracturing valve；But ruptured second Valve seat is placed in the lower section of bottom region-of-interest.Thus, the rupture disk as valve is top explosion plug, and another rupture disk is Bottom explosion plug.

In another embodiment, valve is the first explosion plug.First explosion plug will have the first explosion rated value.Port Represent the perforation being placed in the second region-of-interest below the first region-of-interest in production casing.In this embodiment, move Dynamic valve, which is included under the pressure more than the explosion rated value of the first explosion plug with to expose port, injects slurry.Alternatively, in the reality Apply in example, methods described is additionally included at the second region-of-interest or the second region-of-interest lower section is quick-fried along production casing arrangement second Plug and the 3rd explosion plug are split, domino effect is formed in the case of multiple sand fallout.Second explosion plug and the 3rd explosion plug The second explosion rated value with equal to or more than the first explosion rated value.When explosion plug rupture, form new by the plug that bursts Through hole, wherein having removed the barrier for flow of fluid.

On the other hand, it is valve with ball seat by mobile valve, and port is in early days below the first region-of-interest and below valve The second region-of-interest in be placed in perforation in production casing.In this case, mobile valve is included in to expose port and promoted Valve ball loses injects slurry under the pressure of its pressure seal on valve seat.Promoting valve ball to lose its pressure seal can be defined to Promote valve ball to crush, promote valve ball to dissolve or promote valve ball to collapse.

Method 800 also includes further pumping slurry and passes through exposed port.This shows at square 880.With the party Formula, sand fallout situation is remedied.In other words, " sand fallout " slurry is disposed in " the proppant disposal area " of underground.

Preferably, the step of method 800 also includes sand-out pressure of the estimation along region-of-interest.This quilt at square 830 There is provided.Disposed in preferably the step of square 840 along production casing and complete the determination step before valve.Reason is to make operation Person, which knows, will use what kind of valve, and valve is needed using what kind of pressure nominal value or the rated value that bursts.

In the preferred embodiment of method 800, including the step of being related to production casing progress perforation for square 850 will be certainly Main perforating gun assembly is pumped into well and independently fires perforating gun along the first region-of-interest.Autonomous perforating gun assembly includes penetrating Hole rifle, the deepness locater and onboard controller of position for sensing component in well." autonomous percussion " is represented will control Device pre-programmed, thus when locator identified perforating gun along well select location when to perforating gun send actuating signal To promote one or more detonators to fire.On the one hand, deepness locater is casing collar locator (CCL), and onboard controller with Casing collar locator (CCL) interaction along the spacing of the casing coupling of well and depth will be associated.Casing collar locator (CCL) leads to Cross detection and recognize box cupling along the magnetic anomaly of casing wall.

On the other hand, onboard deepness locater is stratum logging tool profit such as gamma ray logging tools, density log Instrument or neutron well logging instrument.In this case, controller surveys the stratum of the real time readouts from logging tool and preloaded Well record is compared.Alternatively, deepness locater can be the label (such as IR transceivers) that sensing is disposed along sleeve pipe Position sensor (such as IR readers).When position sensor has identified one or more selection marquee things along sleeve pipe When, onboard controller is sent to perforating gun by signal is activated.

It is observed that size determines into and is arranged as independent unit together for perforating gun, locator and onboard controller Deployment is in the wellbore.In this application, " independent unit " represents that component is not directly controlled from earth's surface.In other words, tool assembly Activation instrument is known when independent of the signal from earth's surface.Preferably, tool assembly is in the situation without working line Under be released in well.Tool assembly drops in well by gravity, or is pumped in underground.However, it is possible to optional Fetched using non-electrical working line as such as slip from mother-tool on ground.

Preferably position sensor and onboard controller is operated according to above-mentioned location algorithm with software.Specifically, the calculation Method is explained and converted preferably by windowed statistical analysis raw by casing collar locator (CCL) (or alternatively, stratum logging tool) Into magnetic signal.On the one hand, the predetermined physical characteristic value that onboard controller is obtained by the signal of generation and for well object It is compared.For example, well logging can be run from before mother-tool in deployment to determine the spacing or stratum characteristic of casing coupling Position.The respective depth of casing coupling or stratum characteristic can be determined based on the speed for the cable for pulling well logging apparatus.

When autonomous perforating gun assembly is used to complete horizontal hole, operator can install hydraulic actuated valve at shaft bottom. Hydraulic actuated valve can be preferably installed to the upstream of such as pressure break baffle plate tee apparatus.Additional valve seat or pressure break baffle rings etc. can So that the more upstream of hydraulic actuated valve is arranged on decreasing size from top to bottom.

Preparation for the well of processing is started by pumping the first valve ball downwards.Valve ball is seated under hydraulic actuated valve On the minimum or most deep valve seat of side.Once seating is in place, sleeve pipe is pressurized to the set point of " design ".For example, can pass through Pumping aqueous fluid reaches 10,000psi surface pressure.The pressure (acting on the valve ball landed on valve seat) causes liquid Pneumatically actuated valve is opened, and exposes one or more ports along sleeve pipe.Once port exposes, static pressure and pumping pressure will Promote to form small opening in the subsurface formations of proximate valves.Fresh water continues to be pumped to produce " miniature " crack in the earth formation.This The crack of sample is shown as 458 in figure 4b.

It should be noted that it is special for the rock mechanics that operator provides evaluation of subterranean stratum to form the process in " miniature " crack 458 The real-time chance of property.Specifically, operator, which can determine, starts the commonly required stress level of pressure break.This may be used as above-mentioned side The part of " estimation " step of block 830.Operator should be understood that sand-out pressure will can be significantly hotter than the initial stratum separation pressure Power.Then operator can select suitable sealing device such as Fig. 4 C rupture disk 460 or Fig. 7 A to collapse valve ball 750, To be used in well.

Sealing device is pumped downwards until it is just seated in the valve seat above the hydraulic actuated valve of opening along well In (or baffle rings) 462.In this case, sealing device is directed to the fluid formation barrier in the hole for flowing through well.Meanwhile, and as above It is described, sealing device formation " relief valve ", it can be opened by the pressure and " fluid hammer " of sand fallout situation.

When occurring sand fallout situation, hydraulic actuated valve can be activated voluntarily.Valve is opened to be used to carry in well to provide There is the fluid of proppant from the inswept path of well.Slurry flows through port to be broken processing speed, by miniature crack, and Into subsurface formations.Then can be by new autonomous perforating gun assembly placement in the wellbore, pumping downwards, and it is used subsequently to weight It is new that perforation is carried out to problem area.Alternatively, new autonomous perforating gun assembly can pumped downhole to new region-of-interest with Just along new region formation perforation.

Once new region perforating, well is ready for carrying out the frac treatment of next stage.This is another by pumping downwards Removable sealing device simultaneously is placed in the valve seat of hydraulic actuated valve upstream to realize.The placement of sealing device will be forced Fluid enters new perforation set.

It is observed that well can be designed to have more than one valve seat.Each valve seat is located at different perforation sets Top, or above unlimited sleeve.Multiple sealing devices or plug can land on valve seat successively, each of which All there is the pressure nominal value become larger.If desired, multiple plugs " can produce dominoes effect in failure conditions Should ".This can also form a large amount of available slurry disposal areas, it is allowed to which autonomous perforating gun assembly is pumped into well so as to suitable Sequence region carries out perforation, without drawing or using Coiled tubing operations with cable.

, it can be seen that there is provided herein the improved method for remedying sand fallout situation.Although it is evident that this paper institutes The invention stated is designed to realize above-mentioned benefit and advantage well, but be should also be appreciated that and do not departed from the spirit of the present invention In the case of, the present invention is easy to modify, modifications and variations.

Claims

1. a kind of method of completion, it includes：

Well is formed, the well includes the hole extended in subsurface formations；

Part is at least descended with well described in production casing post liner；

Valve is disposed along production casing, the needle forms removable barrier to the flow of fluid in the hole；

Perforation is carried out to the production casing along the first region-of-interest in subsurface formations, first region-of-interest is located at institute State at valve or valve top, wherein carrying out perforation to the production casing includes：

Autonomous perforating gun assembly is pumped into the well, the autonomous perforating gun includes：

Perforating gun；

Depth transducer, the depth transducer is used for the spacing based on the casing coupling along the well and senses the perforation Position of the rifle in the well；And

Onboard controller, the onboard controller is configured to when locator has identified choosing of the perforating gun along the well Send actuating signal to promote one or more detonators to fire to the perforating gun when positioning is put；And

The perforating gun is independently fired along first region-of-interest；

Slurry is injected in the well, the slurry includes fracturing propping agents；

In response to the sand fallout situation in injection period along first region-of-interest, it is being enough to move the valve and is overcoming pin The slurry is pumped under the pressure of the barrier of fluid flow, thus will be along described at the valve or below the valve The port of production casing is exposed to subsurface formations；And

The slurry is further pumped by exposed port thus to remedy sand fallout situation.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein completing the well along subsurface formations to be horizontally oriented.

3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the valve is valve with ball seat or cage valve.

4. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein：

The valve is sliding sleeve；And

The mobile valve includes moving the sliding sleeve with exposed to the cunning with exposure along the port of the production casing The one or more ports built in moving sleeve.

5. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein：

The valve is rupture disk；

The port is located near sliding sleeve below first region-of-interest；And

Methods described also includes：

Aqueous fluids are exposed along the production casing along well pumping downwards to move the sliding sleeve, thus Port；

Before the slurry is injected, the aqueous fluids are further injected by exposed port under stress, thus existed Crack is formed in the subsurface formations below first region-of-interest near the sliding sleeve to receive the slurry；

Apron block is disposed along the production casing, the apron block is located above the sliding sleeve but positioned at described first At region-of-interest or below first region-of-interest；

The rupture disk is pumped down into the depth close to the valve before the slurry along the well；And

The rupture disk is landed on the apron block, the barrier for flow of fluid is consequently formed；And

The mobile valve also includes the rupture disk that bursts, wherein the rupture disk is designed under the pressure more than sand-out pressure Rupture.

6. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein：

The valve is the first explosion plug with the first explosion rated value；

The port is to be placed in penetrating in the production casing in the second region-of-interest below first region-of-interest Hole；And

The movement valve is included under the pressure more than the explosion rated value of the described first explosion plug described in injection with exposing port Slurry.

7. method according to claim 6, it also includes：

Filled at second region-of-interest or below second region-of-interest along the explosion of production casing placement second, The second explosion plug has the second explosion rated value.

8. method according to claim 7, wherein the second explosion rated value is equal to or more than the described first explosion volume Definite value.

9. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein：

The valve is valve with ball seat；

The mobile valve, which is included under the pressure for promoting valve ball to lose its pressure seal on valve seat with to expose port, injects institute State slurry.

10. method according to claim 9, wherein promoting the valve ball to lose its pressure seal includes promoting the valve ball Crush, promote the valve ball to dissolve or promote the valve ball to collapse.

11. the method according to any one of claim 1-10, it also includes：

Before the valve is disposed along the production casing, the sand-out pressure along first region-of-interest is estimated.

12. the method according to any one of claim 1-11, it also includes：

The valve is milled away after sand fallout situation has been remedied.

13. the method according to any one of claim 1-11, it also includes：

In response to the failure of valve, adjust the size of valve and run with the valve of new adjustment size.

14. a kind of method of completion, it includes：

Well is formed, the well includes the hole extended to by region-of-interest in subsurface formations；

In response to the sand fallout situation in injection period along the region-of-interest, it is being enough to move the valve and is overcoming for stream The slurry is pumped under the pressure of the barrier of body flowing, thus will be along the production at the valve or below the valve The port of sleeve pipe is exposed to subsurface formations；And

The slurry is further pumped by exposed port thus to remedy sand fallout situation；

During remedying, autonomous perforating gun assembly is pumped into the well, the autonomous perforating gun includes：

Perforating gun；

Position sensor, the position sensor is used to sense position of the perforating gun in the well during pumping；With And

Onboard controller, the onboard controller is configured to send actuating signal to promote one or more thunders to the perforating gun Pipe is fired；And

When the position sensor has identified select location of the perforating gun along the well above the valve edge The production casing and independently fire the perforating gun, be consequently formed new perforation set.

15. method according to claim 14, wherein：

The position sensor is casing collar locator (CCL)；And

When described sleeve pipe collar locator identifies the select location of the perforating gun based on algorithm, the onboard controller Actuating signal is sent to the perforating gun, the algorithm will indicate the reading and the pre-stored sleeve pipe from the well of casing coupling Collar log record is compared.

16. method according to claim 14, wherein：

The position sensor is stratum logging tool；And

When the position sensor identifies the select location of the perforating gun based on algorithm, the onboard controller is to institute State perforating gun and send actuating signal, the algorithm will indicate the reading on stratum and the pre-stored stratum well-logging from the well It is compared.

17. method according to claim 14, wherein：

The label that the position sensor sensing is disposed along described sleeve pipe；And

When the position sensor has been identified along one or more selection marquee things of described sleeve pipe, the onboard control Device sends actuating signal to the perforating gun.

18. the method according to any one of claim 14-17, wherein：

Along subsurface formations the well is completed to be horizontally oriented；And

The new perforation set is positioned along the region-of-interest.

19. the method according to any one of claim 14-18, wherein：

The valve is rupture disk；

The port is located near sliding sleeve below the region-of-interest；And

Methods described also includes：

Apron block is disposed along the production casing, the apron block is located above the sliding sleeve but positioned at the concern At region or below the region-of-interest；

The rupture disk is pumped down into the depth close to the valve, the rupture disk before the slurry along the well It is designed to rupture under the pressure more than sand-out pressure；And

The rupture disk is landed on the apron block.

20. the method according to any one of claim 14-18, wherein：

The valve is the first explosion plug with the first explosion rated value；

The port is the perforation in the production casing in the region-of-interest positioned beneath；And

The movement valve is included under the pressure more than the explosion rated value of the described first explosion plug described in injection with exposing port Slurry, thus allows the slurry to bypass the first explosion plug and invade subsurface formations by the perforation；And

Methods described, which is additionally included in below the perforation along the explosion of production casing placement second, fills in, the second explosion plug Second explosion rated value be equal to or more than described first explosion rated value.