CN107098712A - 一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxidation brill Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于高温耐火材料制造技术领域,提供了一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:10目花岗岩15‑23份、70目花岗岩11‑13份、100目花岗岩2‑9份、32目电容合成莫来石21‑25份、38目电容合成莫来石11‑22份、220目板岩6‑9份、160目硅线石5‑10份、800目氧化铝微粉15‑22份、200目高岭土3‑9份、黄糊精0.1‑0.6份。本发明的高耐高温的莫来石制品,使得在1000℃以上的高温环境下烧结出高品质的氧化锌避雷器阀片。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高温耐火材料制造技术领域,具体地,涉及一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法。
背景技术
氧化锌避雷器是具有良好保护性能的避雷器。利用氧化锌良好的非线性伏安特性,使在正常工作电压时流过避雷器的电流极小(微安或毫安级);当过电压作用时,电阻急剧下降,泄放过电压的能量,达到保护的效果。这种避雷器和传统的避雷器的差异是它没有放电间隙,利用氧化锌的非线性特性起到泄流和开断的作用。
氧化锌阀片又称压敏电阻,具有比碳化硅更优良和更理想的非线性电阻特性。在系统运行电压下,它的电阻很大,通过的电流很小,阻性分量仅为10-15uA左右,这样小的电流不会烧坏阀片,因此可以不用串联间隙来隔离工频运行电压;当电压升高时,它的电阻变得很小,可以通过大电流,残压也很低,使设备得到保护,而过电压消失之后,它又恢复原状。氧化锌避雷器阀片是由半导体氧化锌和其他金属氧化物(如氧化钻、氧化锰等)在高温(1000℃以上)下烧结而成。通常用刚玉作为高温耐火材料来烧结,但是由于刚玉相膨胀系数较大,导致普通的刚玉-莫来石制品的热稳定性尤其是高强抗热震性能不够理想,缩短了制品的使用寿命,并对所烧结的氧化锌阀片品质产生不利影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法,针对刚玉相膨胀系数较大,导致普通的刚玉-莫来石制品的热稳定性尤其是高强抗热震性能不够理想,缩短了制品的使用寿命,并对所烧结的氧化锌阀片品质产生不利影响等缺陷,提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,该耐高温材料主要成分为莫来石,经过本发明提供的制备方法加工后获得具有高耐高温的莫来石制品。
根据本发明的一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 15-23份、
70目花岗岩 11-13份、
100目花岗岩 2-9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 21-25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11-22份、
220目板岩 6-9份、
160目硅线石 5-10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 15-22份、
200目高岭土 3-9份、
黄糊精 0.1-0.6份。
优选地,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 16-23份、
70目花岗岩 12-13份、
100目花岗岩 2-9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 23-25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11-17份、
220目板岩 6-8份、
160目硅线石 7-10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 17-22份、
200目高岭土 5-9份、
黄糊精 0.1-0.4份。
优选地,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 17份、
70目花岗岩 12份、
100目花岗岩 5份、
32目电容合成莫来石 24份、
38目电容合成莫来石 15份、
220目板岩 7份、
160目硅线石 6份、
800目氧化铝微粉 19份、
200目高岭土 6份、
黄糊精 0.3份。
优选地,所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
优选地,所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
优选地,所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
优选地,所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料及制备方法,针对刚玉相膨胀系数较大,导致普通的刚玉-莫来石制品的热稳定性尤其是高强抗热震性能不够理想,缩短了制品的使用寿命,并对所烧结的氧化锌阀片品质产生不利影响等缺陷,提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,该耐高温材料主要成分为莫来石,经过本发明提供的制备方法加工后获得具有高耐高温的莫来石制品,使得在1000℃以上的高温环境下烧结出高品质的氧化锌避雷器阀片;
(2)本发明配方中加入高岭土,高岭土具有较好的烧结性和耐火性。烧结性是指将成型的固体粉状高岭土坯体加热至接近其熔点(一般超过1000℃)时,物质自发地充填粒间隙而致密化的性能。气孔率下降到最低值,密度达到最大值的状态,称为烧结状态,相应的温度称为烧结温度。继续加热时,试样中的液相不断增加,试样开始变形,此时温度即称转化温度。烧结温度与转化温度的间隔称烧结范围。耐火性是指高岭土抵抗高温不致熔化的能力。在高温作业下发生软化并开始熔融时温度称耐火度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 23份、
70目花岗岩 11份、
100目花岗岩 9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 21份、
38目电容合成莫来石 22份、
220目板岩 6份、
160目硅线石 10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 15份、
200目高岭土 9份、
黄糊精 0.1份。
所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 15份、
70目花岗岩 13份、
100目花岗岩 2份、
32目电容合成莫来石 25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11份、
220目板岩 9份、
160目硅线石 5份、
800目氧化铝微粉 22份、
200目高岭土 3份、
黄糊精 0.6份。
所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 23份、
70目花岗岩 12份、
100目花岗岩 9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 23份、
38目电容合成莫来石 17份、
220目板岩 6份、
160目硅线石 10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 17份、
200目高岭土 9份、
黄糊精 0.1份。
所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
实施例4
本实施例提供的一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 16份、
70目花岗岩 13份、
100目花岗岩 2份、
32目电容合成莫来石 25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11份、
220目板岩 8份、
160目硅线石 7份、
800目氧化铝微粉 22份、
200目高岭土 5份、
黄糊精 0.4份。
所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
实施例5
本实施例提供的一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 17份、
70目花岗岩 12份、
100目花岗岩 5份、
32目电容合成莫来石 24份、
38目电容合成莫来石 15份、
220目板岩 7份、
160目硅线石 6份、
800目氧化铝微粉 19份、
200目高岭土 6份、
黄糊精 0.3份。
所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 15-23份、
70目花岗岩 11-13份、
100目花岗岩 2-9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 21-25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11-22份、
220目板岩 6-9份、
160目硅线石 5-10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 15-22份、
200目高岭土 3-9份、
黄糊精 0.1-0.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 16-23份、
70目花岗岩 12-13份、
100目花岗岩 2-9份、
32目电容合成莫来石 23-25份、
38目电容合成莫来石 11-17份、
220目板岩 6-8份、
160目硅线石 7-10份、
800目氧化铝微粉 17-22份、
200目高岭土 5-9份、
黄糊精 0.1-0.4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料包括如下重量份数的组分:
10目花岗岩 17份、
70目花岗岩 12份、
100目花岗岩 5份、
32目电容合成莫来石 24份、
38目电容合成莫来石 15份、
220目板岩 7份、
160目硅线石 6份、
800目氧化铝微粉 19份、
200目高岭土 6份、
黄糊精 0.3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述花岗岩为黑色花岗岩。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述花岗岩成分包括长石、石英、黑白云母。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述高岭土为软质高岭,砂质质量分数<50%。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法具体如下:
(1)按照重量份数称量上述原料,搅拌1-3h,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的原料置于卧式绞龙机中并加入干粉料总质量的7%的水绞出,堆放困料11d;
(3)用强制式流星搅拌机将原料搅拌16min后输送至震动油压机中用刚横震压制成坯,整坯并放置自然阴干;
(4)将干坯置于16m双孔高温推板式油窑中烧制;
(5)烧成的制品磨平、检验、包装。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于氧化锌避雷器阀片的耐高温材料,其特征在于:所述搅拌在立式不锈钢搅拌机中搅拌。
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