CN107093738A - A kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to energy storage research field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material, methods described mainly prepares (2) crushing (3) deintercalation multiplicating step of (1)~(3) four including (1) alloy or (1) alloy prepares (2) deintercalation (3) and crushes the multiplicating step of (1)~(3) four；Pass through alloy preparation section so that silica-base material volumetric expansion, crackle is internally formed in particle, be easy to follow-up smashing process to carry out Particle Breakage；And the non-silicon-based component in alloy can be removed and obtain nano silica-base material by deintercalation process；Multiplicating is handled, and with the structure of destroying for times based particles obtained product can be made to have smaller size.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy storage research field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is so that its specific energy is big, operating voltage is high, self-discharge rate is small, small volume, the advantage such as lightweight, from it
Since birth, revolutionary change just has been brought to energy storage field, is widely used in various portable electric appts and electronic
In automobile.However as the improvement of people's living standards, higher Consumer's Experience proposes higher requirement to lithium ion battery：
Quality is lighter, use time is longer etc..The more excellent electrode material of new performance is had to look for solve the above problems.
Current commercialized lithium ion battery negative material is mainly graphite, but because its theoretical capacity is only 372mAhg-1, the active demand of user can not be met.Therefore, the negative material exploitation of more height ratio capacity is extremely urgent.It is used as lithium-ion electric
Pond negative material, silicon materials receive much concern always.Its theoretical capacity is 4200mAhg-1, it is the graphite capacity having been commercialized
More than 10 times.And it to have low intercalation potential, low atomic wts, high-energy-density, price relatively inexpensive, environment-friendly etc. excellent
One of gesture, optimal selection as high-capacity cathode material of new generation.But silicon materials electric conductivity itself is poor, in charge and discharge process
Volumetric expansion is big and easily causes material structure destruction and mechanical crushing, therefore the decay of its cycle performance is fast, widely application by
To limitation.
In order to solve the above problems, prior art mainly has silicon grain nanosizing, pelletizing obtains micron order again again afterwards
Silica-base material second particle, the problems such as to solve silica-base material mechanical crushing in material charge and discharge process.Existing silicon grain
Nanocrystallization technology predominantly obtains the direct Mechanical Crushing of the silica-base material of bulky grain size.But combined between silica-base material atom
Closely, the crushing difficulty of Nano grade is big, and high energy consumption higher to equipment requirement causes the nano silica-base material prepared
Price it is high, limit widely using for silicon based anode material.
In view of this, it is necessory to propose a kind of new technical scheme, to low-cost, high-volume controllable preparation nanoscale
Silica-base material.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material, institute are proposed
State method mainly include preparation-(2) crushing-(3) deintercalation-multiplicating (1) of (1) alloy, (2), (3) four steps or (1),
(3), (2) four steps.Pass through alloy preparation section so that silica-base material volumetric expansion, be internally formed crackle in particle, be easy to
Follow-up smashing process carries out Particle Breakage；And deintercalation process can remove the non-silicon-based component in alloy to obtain nanometer
Silica-base material；Multiplicating is handled, and with the structure of destroying for times based particles material final product can be made to have smaller chi
It is very little.In addition, this method has universality, it can be used for preparing the larger lithium ion battery of volumetric expansion in all charging processes and bear
Pole nano-particle material, such as nanometer alumina particles, nanometer tin particles.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material, mainly comprises the following steps：Step 1, prepared by alloy：Selection particle diameter be
D0 based particles are as reactant, and into the based particles, embedded new element, obtains the silicon-base alloy particle of volumetric expansion；
Step 2, crush：Apply external force, the alloy material that step 1 is obtained is crushed, obtain the alloying pellet that particle diameter is D1 '；Step 3,
Deintercalation：It is the non-silicon-based component in D1 ' alloying pellet to deviate from particle diameter, obtains the silica-base material that particle diameter is D1；Step 4, according to
Step 1-2-3 or step 1-3-2 order are repeated n times, finally give the nano silica-base material that particle diameter is Dn, and n >=2.
Improved as one kind of preparation method of the present invention, in step 1, particle diameter D0 >=1 μm of the large scale silicon grain, institute
Stating silicon grain includes at least one of elemental silicon, the oxide of silicon, silicon based composite material.
Improved as one kind of preparation method of the present invention, in step 1, the new element is included in lithium, sodium, aluminium, magnesium
At least one, the embedded mode is carried out using electrochemical reaction embedding inlay technique.
As the further improvement of preparation method of the present invention, the electro-chemical reaction embedding inlay technique includes following process：By silicon
Base particle is blended with power source material, forms electron channel, then adds electrolyte, forms ion channel, and electricity reaction obtains silicon
Based alloy particle；Or based particles are prepared into electrode, the electrode being made using power source material is done to electrode, adds electrolysis
Liquid, forms ion channel, connects external circuit formation electron channel, and electrochemical reaction obtains silicon-base alloy particle.
Further, there is electrical potential difference between the power source material and the based particles, and form electronics simultaneously and lead to
When road and ion channel, there is ion to deviate from and automatically insert in the based particles in power source material；Or the power source
Material can provide ion, and the ion can react to form silicon-base alloy particle with based particles；The electrolyte can be passed
Lead the ion deviate from the power source material.
Further, the power source material includes rich lithium material, can provide the positive electrode material of ion, as electricity
At least one of metallics of pole material；The electrolyte includes including the power in solute and solvent, the solute
The ion deviate from the material of source, solute concentration is 0.1mol/L~1.5mol/L.
Preferably, the rich lithium material includes at least one of pre- embedding lithium titanate cathode material and lithium-rich anode material, described
Include as the metallics of electrode material in lithium metal, metallic sodium, metallic potassium, magnesium metal, metallic aluminium and metallic zinc at least
One kind, the electrolyte is lithium-ion battery electrolytes, lithium-sulfur cell electrolyte, sodium-ion battery electrolyte, aluminium ion battery
At least one of electrolyte, Zinc ion battery electrolyte, Magnesium ion battery electrolyte, lead-acid battery electrolyte.
Improved as one kind of preparation method of the present invention, in step 2, the mode for applying external force includes ball milling, high speed
At least one of shearing, impacting with high pressure, high-speed impact.
Improved as one kind of preparation method of the present invention, in step 3, the minimizing technology of non-silicon components is to obtain step 2
Alloying pellet be prepared into electrode, with electrolyte, to electrode assembling into galvanic cell, charging, non-silicon components in abjection alloy are obtained
Nano silica-base material particle.
Further, conductive agent is contained in the electrode that the alloying pellet is prepared, the electrolyte can conduct institute
State the ion deviate from alloying pellet, the ion that can receive to deviate from the alloying pellet to electrode, the alloy
Grain system electrode and to electronic isolation between electrode.
Improved as one kind of preparation method of the present invention, in step 3, the minimizing technology of non-silicon components is addition active reaction
Material, is allowed to react with the alloying pellet that step 2 is obtained, and the ion in abjection step 1 insertion based particles obtains nano silicon-based
Material granule.
Preferably, the active reaction material includes at least one of water, acid, alkali, organic solvent.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1. pass through multiple insertion-deintercalation process so that the multiple dilation of volume of silica-base material, its internal structure is more
It is secondary destroyed, so that the smaller silicon nanoparticle of granularity is easily made.
2. when being repeated using insertion-deintercalation-broken, crushing stage has been pure silica-base material, material it is anti-
Should be active relatively low, it is lower to broken desired environmental condition, it is more beneficial for fragmentation procedure.
3. by electrochemical means, form alloy so that split inside large scale based particles volumetric expansion, particle
Line, is conducive to the progress of follow-up shattering process.It can be matched somebody with somebody simultaneously according to the quality between large scale based particles and power source
Than controlling the reaction depth of silica-base material, i.e. volumetric expansion degree.
4. by control solute concentration in charging current, electrolyte, large scale based particles and power source thing reaction
The pressure applied when temperature, reaction, the reaction speed between control large scale based particles and power source thing.When reaction speed is fast
When speed is carried out, the volume of large scale based particles will drastically expand, and stress release is lower, it is easier to is internally formed and splits in particle
Line, is more beneficial for the progress of follow-up broken work.
5. in whole preparation process, the impurity of non-battery system will not be introduced, it is ensured that the nano silica-base material prepared
In impurity content it is low.
6. this method is simple and easy to apply, prepare with low cost, it is easy to mass produce.
Embodiment
The present invention and its advantage are described in detail with reference to embodiment, but the embodiment party of the present invention
Formula not limited to this.
Comparative example
The elemental silicon that particle diameter is 50 μm is selected, is handled, is prepared into using high-pressure homogeneous (particle is carried out into high-speed impact)
Silicon grain to after crushing.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, prepared by alloy：Selection particle diameter is that the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of 50 μm of elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L is electrolysis
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of matter are well mixed, and apply 1MPa pressure to mixture, after fully being reacted at 25 DEG C, make
Obtain among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain the silicon-base alloy particle that particle diameter is D1 '.
Step 2, crush：In an inert atmosphere, the silicon-base alloy particle that is obtained to step 1 carry out it is high-pressure homogeneous (will
Grain carries out high-speed impact) processing, the silicon-base alloy particle after being crushed.
Step 3, deintercalation：By step 2 obtain it is broken after silicon-base alloy particle be well mixed with conductive agent and be prepared into electricity
Pole, galvanic cell is obtained with lithium hexafluoro phosphate for lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the copper current collector of electrolyte as to electrode assembling, it
After charge, abjection silicon-base alloy particle in lithium ion.
Step 4, the process of step 1~3 is repeated once, silica-base material is carried out to be embedded in-crushing-deintercalation processing twice, i.e.,
Obtain nano silica-base material particle.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：Step 4, it is repeated twice the mistake of step 1~3
Journey, carries out three insertion-crushing-deintercalation to silica-base material and handles, that is, obtain nano silica-base material particle.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is that the order of exchange step 2 and step 3 is other identical with embodiment 1, here
It is not repeated.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 0 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate conjunction
Gold grain.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 60 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate conjunction
Gold grain.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 6
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate conjunction
Gold grain.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 7
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 120 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 8
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 0.1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate be well mixed for the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of electrolyte, and to mixed
Compound applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 9
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1.2mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate be well mixed for the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of electrolyte, and to mixed
Compound applies 1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 10
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 0.1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 11
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 10MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 12
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：It is 50 μm that particle diameter is selected in step 1
Elemental silicon, lithium metal, 1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate for electrolyte lithium-ion battery electrolytes be well mixed, and to mixing
Thing applies 50MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 90 DEG C so that among Lithium-ion embeding simple substance silicon grain, obtain silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 13
Difference from Example 1 is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps：
Step 1, prepared by alloy, and the elemental silicon for selecting particle diameter to be 50 μm is well mixed with conductive agent (SuperP) to be prepared
Silicon based electrode, using metal lithium sheet as to electrode, PP films are assembled into galvanic cell, 1.2mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate as barrier film
For the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of electrolyte, apply 10MPa pressure to galvanic cell surface, after at 80 DEG C, external circuit is applied
Plus 1C electric current is charged so that lithium ion is embedded among simple substance silicon grain by lithium metal side through barrier film, obtains silicon substrate
Alloying pellet.
It is other identical with embodiment 1, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 14
Be with the difference of embodiment 13, in step 1 external circuit apply 0.01C electric current charged, it is other with it is real
The identical of example 13 is applied, is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 15
It is with the difference of embodiment 13, external circuit application 0.1C electric current is charged in step 1, other with implementing
Example 13 it is identical, be not repeated herein.
Embodiment 16
It is with the difference of embodiment 13, external circuit application 5C electric current is charged in step 1, other and embodiment
13 it is identical, be not repeated herein.
Embodiment 17
It is with the difference of embodiment 13, external circuit application 20C electric current is charged in step 1, other with implementing
Example 13 it is identical, be not repeated herein.
Embodiment 18
It is with the difference of embodiment 13, external circuit application 100C electric current is charged in step 1, other with implementing
Example 13 it is identical, be not repeated herein.
Embodiment 19
Step 1, prepared by alloy：Selection particle diameter is well mixed preparation for 80 μm of the sub- silicon of oxidation with conductive agent (CNT)
Silicon based electrode is obtained, is prepared using LiFePO4 as active material to electrode, PE films are assembled into galvanic cell as barrier film,
1mol/L lithium hexafluoro phosphate is the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of electrolyte, applies 1MPa pressure to galvanic cell surface, afterwards
In at 25 DEG C, the electric current that external circuit applies 1C is charged so that lithium ion is embedded in through barrier film by LiFePO4 side and aoxidized
Among sub- silicon grain, silicon-base alloy particle is obtained.
Step 2, crush：In an inert atmosphere, the silicon-base alloy particle obtained to step 1 carries out mechanical ball mill processing, obtains
Silicon-base alloy particle to after crushing.
Step 3, deintercalation：By step 2 obtain it is broken after silicon-base alloy particle be well mixed with conductive agent and be prepared into electricity
Pole, is collector as obtaining former electricity to electrode assembling with lithium-ion battery electrolytes that lithium hexafluoro phosphate is electrolyte, lithium band
Pond, charges afterwards, the lithium ion in abjection silicon-base alloy particle.
Step 4, the process of step 1~3 is repeated once, silica-base material is carried out to be embedded in-crushing-deintercalation processing twice, i.e.,
Obtain nano silica-base material particle.
Embodiment 20
It is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps with the difference of embodiment 19：Step 3, deintercalation：Obtained to step 2
Deionized water is added in silicon-base alloy particle after broken so that silicon-base alloy reacts with water, remove in silicon-base alloy particle
Lithium ion.
It is other identical with embodiment 19, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 21
Step 1, prepared by alloy：It is 1 μm of Si-C composite material, magnesium powder, 1.5mol/L magnesium sulfate to select particle diameter
The aqueous solution as electrolyte (the ethyl sulfate additive containing 1%wt), conductive carbon black be well mixed, and to mixture apply
1MPa pressure, after fully being reacted at 25 DEG C so that among the magnesium ion insertion Si-C composite material in magnesium powder, obtain silicon
Based alloy particle.
Step 2, deintercalation：By step 2 obtain it is broken after silicon-base alloy particle be well mixed with conductive agent and be prepared into electricity
Pole, with magnesium sulfate solution as electrolyte (the ethyl sulfate additive containing 1%wt), magnesium ribbon be collector as to electricity
Pole assembling obtains galvanic cell, charges afterwards, the magnesium ion in abjection silicon-base alloy particle, that is, obtains the based particles after deintercalation.
Step 3, crush：In an inert atmosphere, the based particles obtained to step 2 carry out mechanical ball mill processing, are broken
Based particles after broken.
Step 4, the process of step 1~3 is repeated once, Si-C composite material is carried out at embedded-deintercalation-crushing twice
Reason, that is, obtain nano silica-base material particle.
Embodiment 22
It is with the difference of embodiment 21, in step 2,1mol/L is added in the silicon-base alloy particle obtained to step 1
Dilution heat of sulfuric acid so that silicon-base alloy and watery hydrochloric acid react, and remove the magnesium ion in silicon-base alloy particle, that is, obtain nano-silicon
Base particle.
It is other identical with embodiment 21, it is not repeated herein.
Embodiment 23
Step 1, prepared by alloy：Selection particle diameter prepares silicon based electrode for 1 μm of Si-C composite material, with metal
Aluminium flake is as to electrode, and PE films are assembled into galvanic cell, 1.5mol/L aluminium chloride-triethylamine hydrochloride ionic liquid as barrier film
Make electrolyte, apply 1MPa pressure to galvanic cell surface, after at 25 DEG C, the electric current that external circuit applies 1C is charged,
So that aluminium ion is embedded among Si-C composite material by metallic aluminium side through barrier film, silicon-base alloy particle is obtained.
Step 2, crush：In an inert atmosphere, the silicon-base alloy particle obtained to step 1 carries out mechanical ball mill processing, obtains
Silicon-base alloy particle to after crushing.
Step 3, nano silicon-based particle preparation：By step 2 obtain it is broken after silicon-base alloy particle mixed with conductive agent
Electrode uniformly is prepared into, is that electrolyte, aluminium foil are collector as to electrode assembling with aluminium chloride-triethylamine hydrochloride ionic liquid
Galvanic cell is obtained, is charged afterwards, the aluminium ion in abjection silicon-base alloy particle obtains the based particles after deintercalation.
Step 4, the process of step 1~3 is repeated once, Si-C composite material is carried out at embedded-crushing-deintercalation twice
Reason, that is, obtain nano silica-base material particle.
Embodiment 24
It is that the present embodiment comprises the following steps with the difference of embodiment 23：In step 3, to crushing that step 2 is obtained
1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution is added in silicon-base alloy particle afterwards so that silicon-base alloy reacts with watery hydrochloric acid, remove silicon substrate and close
Aluminium ion in gold grain, that is, obtain nano silicon-based particle.
It is other identical with embodiment 23, it is not repeated herein.
Particle diameter is tested：The grain of the nano silica-base material prepared using laser particle analyzer test and comparison example and each embodiment
Footpath, and D50 value is recorded, as shown in table 1.
The particle size (D50) of nano silica-base material prepared by table 1, different comparative examples, embodiment
It can be obtained by table 1, the preparation method of nano silica-base material prepared by the present invention, can prepare that granularity is smaller to be received
Rice silica-base material.Specifically, after multiple deintercalation, smashing processing, the smaller nano silica-base material of particle diameter can be obtained.By reality
Applying a 21-24 can obtain, and the present invention has universality, be adapted to the preparation of various nano silicon-based granular materials.
According to the announcement and teaching of description above, those skilled in the art in the invention can also be to above-mentioned embodiment
Changed and changed.Therefore, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment, every those skilled in the art are at this
Made any conspicuously improved, replacement or modification belong to protection scope of the present invention on the basis of invention.In addition,
Although having used some specific terms in this specification, these terms merely for convenience of description, not to structure of the present invention
Into any limitation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of nano silica-base material, mainly comprises the following steps：
Step 1, prepared by alloy：The based particles that particle diameter is D0 are selected as reactant, the embedded new member into the based particles
Element, obtains the silicon-base alloy particle of volumetric expansion；
Step 2, crush：Apply external force, the alloy material that step 1 is obtained is crushed, obtain the alloying pellet that particle diameter is D1 '；
Step 3, deintercalation：It is the non-silicon-based component in D1 ' alloying pellet to deviate from particle diameter, obtains the silica-base material that particle diameter is D1；
Step 4, repeated n times according to step 1-2-3 or step 1-3-2 order, finally give the nano-silicon that particle diameter is Dn
Sill, and n >=2.
2. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, the large scale
Particle diameter D0 >=1 μm of silicon grain, the silicon grain includes at least one of elemental silicon, the oxide of silicon, silicon based composite material.
3. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, the new member
Element includes at least one of lithium, sodium, aluminium, magnesium, and the embedded mode is carried out using electrochemical reaction embedding inlay technique.
4. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the electro-chemical reaction embedding inlay technique
Including following process：Based particles and power source material are blended, electron channel is formed, electrolyte is then added, ion is formed
Passage, electricity reaction obtains silicon-base alloy particle；Or based particles are prepared into electrode, the electrode being made using power source material
Do to electrode, add electrolyte, form ion channel, connect external circuit formation electron channel, electrochemical reaction obtains silicon substrate conjunction
Gold grain.
5. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The power source material and institute
When stating between based particles and there is electrical potential difference, and forming electron channel and ion channel simultaneously, there is ion to take off in power source material
Go out and automatically insert in the based particles；Or the power source material can provide ion, the ion can be with silicon substrate
Particle reaction formation silicon-base alloy particle；The electrolyte can conduct the ion deviate from the power source material.
6. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The power source material includes
Rich lithium material, the positive electrode material that ion can be provided, as at least one of metallics of electrode material；The electricity
The ion that liquid includes including to deviate from the power source material in solute and solvent, the solute is solved, solute concentration is 0.1mol/
L~1.5mol/L.
7. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The rich lithium material includes pre-
At least one of embedding lithium titanate cathode material and lithium-rich anode material, the metallics as electrode material include lithium metal,
At least one of metallic sodium, metallic potassium, magnesium metal, metallic aluminium and metallic zinc, the electrolyte be lithium-ion battery electrolytes,
Lithium-sulfur cell electrolyte, sodium-ion battery electrolyte, aluminium ion battery electrolyte, Zinc ion battery electrolyte, Magnesium ion battery
At least one of electrolyte, lead-acid battery electrolyte.
8. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 2, outside the application
The mode of power includes at least one of ball milling, high speed shear, impacting with high pressure, high-speed impact.
9. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 3, non-silicon components
Minimizing technology is that the alloying pellet for obtaining step 2 is prepared into electrode, with electrolyte, to electrode assembling into galvanic cell, charges, takes off
Go out non-silicon components in alloy, obtain nano silica-base material particle；Further, contain in the electrode that the alloying pellet is prepared
There is conductive agent, the electrolyte can conduct the ion deviate from the alloying pellet, described to receive the conjunction to electrode
The ion deviate from gold grain, the electrode of the alloying pellet and to electronic isolation between electrode.
10. the preparation method of nano silica-base material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 3, non-silicon components
Minimizing technology to add active reaction material, the alloying pellet for being allowed to obtain with step 2 reacts, abjection step 1 insertion silicon substrate
Ion in particle, obtains nano silica-base material particle；Preferably, the active reaction material includes water, acid, alkali, You Jirong
At least one of agent.
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