CN107090490A - 用于测定非小细胞肺癌预后的诊断方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开内容提供了用于测定非小细胞肺癌预后的诊断方法和用于鉴定早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的方法,所述患者在手术切除后将具有肺癌复发的不利预后。该方法部分基于可以用于预后分类的染色体拷贝数异常的发现。该方法优选使用具有荧光标记的核酸探针的荧光原位杂交,以与患者样品杂交,以定量这些遗传基因座的染色体拷贝数。
Description
本申请是申请日为2010年10月25日的中国专利申请201410436502.9“用于测定非小细胞肺癌预后的诊断方法”的分案申请。
与相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2009年10月26日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/254,968的优先权,所述美国临时专利申请的公开内容整体引入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及用于测定患者预后的来自肺癌患者的组织样品的体外诊断测定,且特别涉及用于测定早期患者例如诊断有I期或II期非小细胞肺癌的患者的预后的体外测定。
背景技术
肺癌是2005年美国几乎三分之一的癌症死亡的原因,并且广义地分成2个类型:非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌。非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占美国80-85%的肺癌病例。NSCLC包含3个主要类型:(i)鳞状细胞癌,其在鳞状细胞中开始,所述鳞状细胞是看起来象鱼鳞的薄的、扁平细胞。鳞状细胞癌也称为表皮样癌;(ii)大细胞癌,其在几个类型的大肺细胞中开始;(iii)腺癌,其在内衬肺的肺泡并且制备物质例如粘液的细胞中开始。其他较不常见类型的NSCLC包括多形性癌、类癌瘤和未分类的癌。
NSCLC的诊断通过病理学家对可疑组织例如活组织检查样品的检查来完成。在NSCLC诊断后,使用患者的总体健康和年龄、症状例如咳嗽和呼吸困难的严重性、NSCLC的具体类型和癌症的分期,对患者的疾病指定预后(恢复机率)。分期考虑肿瘤的大小以及肿瘤是仅存在于肺中还是已扩展至机体中的其他地方。用于NSCLC患者的具体治疗选项随后基于这些考虑加以选择,并且癌症分期是用于治疗选择的重要组分。具有早期NSCLC的患者可以潜在地通过手术切除摘除肿瘤得到治愈,但目前诊断模式无法预测哪些患者将在手术后复发。癌症是具有低治愈率的通常致命的疾病,对于其大多数治疗旨在改善生活质量和寿命。因为癌细胞是人细胞,通常仅通过相对小数目的遗传异常或蛋白质突变的累积辨别,所以在杀死癌细胞中有用的药物疗法通常对于许多正常人细胞也是有害的,并且在被治疗患者中一般引起显著毒性。此外,因为癌症通常局部复发或转移至远离其起源组织的组织和器官,所以关键的是了解具有早期癌症的哪些患者在其原发性肿瘤的手术摘除后需要药物治疗。这在具有早期NSCLC的患者中是尤其关键的问题,其肿瘤早期检测且手术摘除,特别是具有I和IIa期疾病的患者。在用抗癌药治疗这些患者下导致无法接受高比率的患者发展复发性或转移性疾病,最终导致增加的死亡率和死亡。过度治疗这个群体导致无法接受高数目的患者,其不需要药物疗法,经历来自给予其的药物的毒性副作用。
美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network)因特网网站如下描述了NSCLC分期。“在美国临床实践中最常用于描述非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)生长和扩展的系统是TNM分期系统,也称为美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee onCancer)(AJCC)系统。在TNM分期中,合并关于肿瘤(T)、进入附近淋巴结内的任何扩展(N)、和任何远侧器官转移(M)的信息,并且将分期指定至特定TNM分组。分组的分期使用数目0和从I到IV的罗马数字进行描述。
“T分类基于肺癌的大小、其在肺内的扩展和定位、及其扩展至附近组织。在Tis分类中,癌症仅在内衬气道的细胞层中发现。它不扩展到其他肺组织内。这个分类也称为原位癌。
“在T1分类中,癌症不大于3厘米(略微小于1 - 1 ¼英寸),未扩展至脏胸膜(围绕肺的膜),并且不影响支气管的主要分支。
“在T2分类中,癌症具有下述特征中的一个或多个:(i)它大于3 cm;(ii)它涉及肺的主支气管,但与其中气管(气管)分支进入左和右主支气管内的点不近于2 cm(约3 ¼ - 4英寸);或(iii)已扩展至脏胸膜。癌症可以部分阻断气道,但这未引起整个肺萎陷或发展肺炎。
“在T3分类中,癌症具有下述特征中的一个或多个:(i)它已扩展至胸壁、横膈膜(将胸与腹分开的呼吸肌)、纵隔胸膜(围绕2个肺之间的间隔的膜)、或心包壁层(围绕心脏的囊的膜);(ii)它涉及肺的主支气管,并且它与其中气管(气管)分支进入左和右主支气管内的点近于2 cm,但不涉及这个区域;或(iii)它已生长到气道内,足以引起一个肺完全萎陷或引起整个肺的肺炎。
“在T4分类中,癌症具有下述特征中的一个或多个:(i)它已扩展至纵隔(在胸骨后和在心脏前的间隔)、心脏、气管(气管)、食道(连接咽喉与胃的管)、脊柱或其中气管分支进入左和右主支气管内的点;(ii)2个或更多个分开的肿瘤结节存在于相同叶中;或(iii)存在恶性胸腔积液,这是在围绕肺的间隔中含有癌细胞的液体的出现。
“N分类取决于肺附近的哪个淋巴结受癌症影响,如果存在的话。在N0分类中,癌症未扩展至任何淋巴结。在N1分类中,癌症已扩展至在肺内的淋巴结或进入肺门淋巴结(位于其中支气管进入肺的区域周围的那些)内。在N1分类中,受累淋巴结仅在与癌性肺相同的侧上。在N2分类中,癌症已扩展至隆突下淋巴结(在其中气管分支进入左和右支气管内的点周围的那些)或纵隔(在胸骨后和在心脏前的间隔)中的淋巴结。在N2分类中,受累淋巴结在癌性肺的相同侧上。在N3分类中,癌症已扩展至在任一侧上的锁骨附近的淋巴结、和/或在与癌性肺相对侧上的肺门或纵隔淋巴结。
“M分类取决于癌症是否已转移且扩展至任何远侧组织和器官。在M0分类中,不存在远侧癌症扩展。在M1分类中,癌症已扩展至1个或更多个远侧部位。视为远侧的部位包括肺的其他叶、远于用于测定癌症的N分类的那些的淋巴结、和其他器官或组织例如肝、骨或脑。
一旦对于特定NSCLC已指定T、N和M分类,就合并这个信息(分期分组),以指定0、I、II、III或IV的总体分期(参见表1)。T和N分类的多个组合合并成分期。分期鉴定具有类似预后且以相似方式治疗的肿瘤类型。如表1中所示,具有远侧扩展的肿瘤(即M1分类癌症)视为IV期,与淋巴结牵涉的肿瘤大小无关。”来自NCCN因特网网站的下表显示用于NSCLC的合并分类和分期分类法。
表1
具有较低分期编号的NSCLC患者一般具有对于存活更有利的预后和前景,并且这些患者一般通过肿瘤的手术切除加以治疗。然而,即使对于早期患者,例如具有1B期、IIA或IIB期NSCLC的那些,显著百分比的这些患者也将在手术切除后复发,具有更侵略性的疾病且死亡。目前临床诊断方法无法以足够的精确度鉴定早期NSCLC预后,以指导针对更可能复发的这些患者的更攻击性治疗。需要更好的体外诊断方法以鉴定更高危险的早期NSCLC患者,其应接受新辅助或辅助化学疗法或一般具有再评估的治疗意见。
使用荧光标记的DNA杂交探针以鉴定染色体异常的基于荧光原位杂交(FISH)的分子体外诊断测定已得到公开,用于在用于NSCLC患者的化学疗法的选择中使用(PCT/US2005/018879,“Methods for prediction of clinical outcome to epidermal growthfactor inhibitors by cancer patients”,M. Garcia等人)。FISH测定已在2006年3月23日公开的美国专利申请20060063194,“Methods and probes for the detection ofcancer”,L. Morrison等人(下文称为“Morrison ‘194”)中描述为用于NSCLC的起始诊断测定,所述美国专利申请的公开内容整体引入本文作为参考。Morrison ‘194申请描述了对于NSCLC筛选和诊断有用的多个FISH探针组,并且Morrison ‘194中所述的一个探针组作为在ASR(分析物特异性试剂)标记下的LAVysion™探针组从Abbott Molecular,Inc.(DesPlaines,Illinois,U.S.A.)商购可得,用于通过临床实验室使用以产生临床诊断测定。在美国食品与药物管理局ASR标记要求下,ASR标记必须不包括关于ASR的医学效用的任何要求。LAVysion ASR探针组包含4个FISH探针:用SpectrumGreen绿色荧光团标记的染色体5p15基因座特异性探针,用SpectrumGold黄色荧光团标记的染色体8q24基因座特异性探针,用SpectrumAqua蓝色荧光团标记的染色体6计数探针,和用SpectrumRed红色荧光团标记的染色体7p12基因座特异性探针。使用LAVysion探针组执行的研究已得到描述且例如在K. Halling等人,“Fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnostic cytology”,Hum. Path.(2007)38:1137-1144中综述。
细胞周期蛋白E的超表达先前已与肺癌中的不良后果相关(在Singhal等人,Clin.Cancer Res.,2005,11,第3974-3986页中综述)。然而,在细胞周期蛋白E基因座上无拷贝数改变已确立为预测标记。此外,没有关于用于NSCLC的FISH测定的先前报道已公开使用FISH探针,以更精确地鉴定关于早期NSCLC特别是分类为IB期或II期的那些的预后。
发明内容
在一个方面,本公开内容提供了预测就肺癌治疗的患者中的疾病后果的方法,该方法包括步骤:a)提供来自患者的测试样品;b)测定测试样品中癌症后果标记的拷贝数;c)针对基线拷贝数2比较测试样品中癌症后果标记的拷贝数,从而测定测试样品中关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在;和d)基于测试样品中关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,当与在癌症后果标记中不具有拷贝数变化的患者中疾病后果的基线测量比较时,将患者鉴定为具有不良疾病后果的增加危险,其中癌症后果标记中的拷贝数变化的存在预测不良疾病后果。在一个实施方案中,不良疾病后果是例如当与不具有关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的患者的总体存活时间比较时减少的总体存活时间,和当与不具有关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的患者的复发时间比较时更短的复发时间中的至少一个。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了预测就肺癌治疗的患者中的治疗后果的方法,该方法包括:a)提供来自患者的测试样品;b)测定测试样品中关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,其中癌症后果标记是染色体DNA的区域,其拷贝数中的变化与不良疾病后果相关;和c)基于关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,当与不具有关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数增益(gain)的患者的总体存活时间比较时,测定患者是具有减少的总体存活时间还是更短的复发时间的更高危险。
在任何方法中,癌症后果标记是例如染色体DNA的区域,其扩增产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数增益,其中拷贝数增益与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记包括选自下述的任何:Chr 19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb;Chr 19,38.9-40.7 Mb;Chr 17,69.2-71.3 Mb;Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb;Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb;Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb;Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb;Chr6,39.1-39.9 Mb;Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb;Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb;Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb;Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb;Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb;Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb;Chr 8,6.9-8.8Mb;Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb;Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb;Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb;Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb;和Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码C19orf12;C19orf12;细胞周期蛋白E1;PLEKHF1;POP4;和ZNF536的核苷酸序列。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 19,38.9-40.7 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码ATP4AATP酶;CHST8,DMKN FAR1,2,3;FXYD1,3,5,7;GAPDHS;GPI;GPR42;GRAMD1A;HAMP;HPN;KCTD15 KIAA0355;KRTDAP;LGI4;LSM14A;LSR;MAG;PDCD2L;SAE2 SUMO1;SBSN;SCN1B;TMEM147,162;USF2;WTIP;和ZNF181,30,302,599,792的核苷酸序列。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 17,69.2-71.3 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ARMC7(含犰狳(armadillo)重复7);ATP5H ATP合酶(H+转运,线粒体F0复合体,亚基d);CASKIN2(CASK相互作用蛋白质2);CD300A(CD300a分子);CD300C(CD300c分子);CD300E(CD300e分子);CD300LB(CD300分子样家族成员b);CD300LF(CD300分子样家族成员f);CDR2L(小脑变性相关蛋白质2样);DNAI2(动力蛋白,轴丝的,中间链2);(FADS6脂肪酸去饱和酶结构域家族,成员6);FDXR(铁氧化还原蛋白还原酶);GALK1(半乳糖激酶1);GGA3 (高尔基相关的,含γ衔接蛋白耳,ARF结合蛋白):GPR142(G蛋白偶联受体142);GPRC5C(G蛋白偶联受体,家族C,组5,成员C);GRB2(生长因子受体结合蛋白2);GRIN2C(谷氨酸盐受体,离子型,N-甲基D-天冬氨酸盐2C);H3F3B(H3组蛋白,家族3B(H3.3B));HN1(血液学和神经学表达的1 ICT1未成熟的结肠癌转录物1);ITGB4(整联蛋白,β4);KCTD2(含钾通道四聚体化结构域2);KIAA0195;KIF19(驱动蛋白家族成员19);LLGL2(幼虫巨大致死基因同系物2(果蝇(Drosophila));LOC388419(半乳糖凝集素-3-结合蛋白样);MIF4GD(含MIF4G结构域);MRPS7(线粒体核糖体蛋白质S7);NAT9(N-乙酰基转移酶9);NT5C (5',3'-核苷酸酶,胞质的);NUP85(核孔蛋白85kDa);OTOP2(耳蝶呤2);OTOP3(耳蝶呤3);RAB37(RAB37,成员RAS癌基因家族);RECQL5(RecQ蛋白质样5);RPL38核糖体蛋白质L38;SAP30BP (SAP30 结合蛋白);SLC16A5(溶质载体家族16,成员5(一元羧酸转运蛋白6));SLC25A19(溶质载体家族25(线粒体焦磷酸硫胺素载体),成员19);SLC9A3R1(溶质载体家族9(钠/氢交换剂),成员3调节物1);SUMO2(mif二3同系物2(酿酒酵母(S. cerevisiae)的SMT3抑制因子);TMEM104(跨膜蛋白质104);TTYH2(tweety同系物2(果蝇));UNK(unkempt同系物(果蝇));和USH1G(Usher综合征1G(常染色体隐性)[标记3]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码COL19A1(胶原,XIX型,α1)和COL9A1(胶原,IX型,α1)的核苷酸序列。[标记 4]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ADIPOR2(脂联素受体2);B4GALNT3(β-1,4-N-乙酰基-氨基半乳糖基转移酶3);CACNA2D4(钙通道,电压依赖性,α2/δ亚基4);CCDC77(含卷曲螺旋结构域77);ERC1 (ELKS/RAB6-相互作用/CAST家族成员1);FBXL14(F-盒和富含亮氨酸重复的蛋白质14);HSN2(遗传性感觉性神经病,II型);IQSEC3(IQ基序和Sec7结构域3);JARID1A(jumonji,富含AT相互作用结构域1A);LRTM2(富含亮氨酸重复和跨膜结构域2);NINJ2(ninjurin 2);RAD52(RAD52同系物(酿酒酵母));SLC6A12(溶质载体家族6(神经递质转运蛋白,甜菜碱/GABA),成员12);SLC6A13(溶质载体家族6(神经递质转运蛋白,GABA),成员13);WNK1 (WNK赖氨酸缺陷型蛋白质激酶1);和WNT5B(无翅型MMTV整合位点家族,成员5B)。[标记5]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ARL2(ADP-核糖基化因子样2);ATG2AATG2(自体吞噬相关的2同系物A(酿酒酵母));BATF2(碱性亮氨酸拉链转录因子,ATF样2;CAPN1卡配因1,(μ/I)大亚基);CDC42BPG(CDC42 结合蛋白质激酶γ(DMPK样));CDCA5(细胞分裂周期相关的5);EHD1 (含EH-结构域1);FAU(Finkel-Biskis-Reilly鼠肉瘤病毒(FBR-MuSV)遍在表达的);GPHA2(糖蛋白激素α2); MAP4K2丝裂原激活蛋白质激酶激酶激酶激酶2;MEN1多发性内分泌瘤形成I;MRPL49线粒体核糖体蛋白质L49;NAALADL1 N-乙酰化α连接的酸性二肽酶样1;POLA2聚合酶 (DNA指导的),α2(70kD亚基);PPP2R5B蛋白质磷酸酶2,调节亚基B',β同种型;SAC3D1含SAC3结构域1 SLC22A20溶质载体家族22,成员20;SNX15分类连接素15;SPDYC speedy同系物C(果蝇);SYVN1滑液细胞凋亡抑制剂1,synoviolin;TM7SF2跨膜7超家族成员2;ZFPL1锌指蛋白样1;ZNHIT2锌指,HIT 2型;hsa-mir-192;和hsa-mir-194-2。[标记6]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:BIRC8(含杆状病毒IAP重复8);BRSK1(BR丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1);CACNG6,7,8钙通道,电压依赖性,γ亚基6,7,8;CCDC106含卷曲螺旋结构域106;CDC42EP5 CDC42效应蛋白(Rho GTP酶结合)5 ;CNOT3 CCR4-NOT转录复合体,亚基3;COX6B2细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIb多肽2(睾丸);DPRX分歧成对相关同源框;EPN1 epsin 1;EPS8L1 EPS8样1;FCAR关于IgA的Fc片段的受体;FIZ1 FLT3-相互作用锌指1;GALP加兰肽样肽;GP6糖蛋白VI(血小板);HSPBP1 hsp70-相互作用蛋白质;IL11白细胞介素11;ISOC2含异分支酸酶结构域2;KIR2DL1、KIR2DL4、KIR2DS4 KIR3DL1、KIR3DL3、KIR3DX1杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体;LAIR1,2白细胞相关免疫球蛋白样受体1,2;LENG1,4,8,9白细胞受体簇(LRC)成员1,4,8,9;LILRA2,3,4白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体,亚家族A(具有TM结构域),成员2,3,4;LILRB1,2,3,4,5白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体,亚家族B(具有TM和ITIM结构域),成员1,2,3,4,5;MYADM髓样相关的分化标记;NAT14 N-乙酰基转移酶14;NCR1天然细胞毒性触发受体1;NDUFA3 NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1 α亚复合体,3,9kDa;NLRP2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,13 NLR家族,含pyrin结构域2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,13;OSCAR破骨细胞相关的,免疫球蛋白样受体;PEG3父源表达的3;PPP1R12C蛋白质磷酸酶1,调节(抑制剂)亚基12C;PPP2R1A 蛋白质磷酸酶2(以前的2A),调节亚基A,α同种型;PRKCG蛋白质激酶C,γ;PRPF31 PRP31 mRNA前体加工因子31同系物(酿酒酵母);PTPRH蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体型,H;RDH13视黄醇脱氢酶13(全反式/9-顺式);RPL28 核糖体蛋白质L28;RPS9核糖体蛋白质S9 ;SAPS1 SAPS结构域家族,成员1;SUV420H2花斑抑制因子4-20同系物2(果蝇);SYT5突触结合蛋白V;TFPT TCF3(E2A)融合配偶体(在儿童白血病中);TMC4跨膜通道样4;TMEM190跨膜蛋白质190;TMEM86B跨膜蛋白质86B;TNNI3肌钙蛋白I 3型(心脏的);TNNT1肌钙蛋白T 1型(骨骼的,缓慢的);TSEN34 tRNA剪接内切核酸酶34同系物(酿酒酵母);TTYH1 tweety同系物1(果蝇);U2AF2 U2小核RNA辅助因子2;UBE2S遍在蛋白缀合酶E2S;VN1R2犁鼻骨1受体2;VN1R4犁鼻骨1受体4;VSTM1含V-组(set)和跨膜结构域1;ZNF28,160,320,321,331,347,350,415,432,444,468,470锌指蛋白 28,160,320,321,331,347,350,415,432,444,468,470;以及miRNA包括hsa-mir-643、hsa-mir-512-1、hsa-mir-512-2、hsa-mir-498、hsa-mir-520e、hsa-mir-515-1、hsa-mir-519e、hsa-mir-520f、hsa-mir-515-2、hsa-mir-519c、hsa-mir-520a、hsa-mir-526b、hsa-mir-519b、hsa-mir-525、hsa-mir-523、hsa-mir-518f、hsa-mir-520b、hsa-mir-518b、hsa-mir-526a-1、hsa-mir-520c、hsa-mir-518c、hsa-mir-524、hsa-mir-517a、hsa-mir-519d、hsa-mir-521-2、hsa-mir-520d、hsa-mir-517b、hsa-mir-520g、hsa-mir-516-3、hsa-mir-526a-2、hsa-mir-518e、hsa-mir-518a-1、hsa-mir-518d、hsa-mir-516-4、hsa-mir-518a-2、hsa-mir-517c、hsa-mir-520h、hsa-mir-521-1、hsa-mir-522、hsa-mir-519a-1、hsa-mir-527、hsa-mir-516-1、hsa-mir-516-2、hsa-mir-519a-2、hsa-mir-371、hsa-mir-372、hsa-mir-373、hsa-mir-516a-1、hsa-mir-516a-2、hsa-mir-516b-1、hsa-mir-516b-2、hsa-mir-517a-1、hsa-mir-517a-2、hsa-mir-520c-1和hsa-mir-520c-2 [标记7]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr6,39.1-39.9 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:C6orf64(染色体6可读框64);DNAH8 动力蛋白,轴丝的,重链8;GLP1R胰高血糖素样肽1受体;KCNK16钾通道,亚家族K,成员16;KCNK17钾通道,亚家族K,成员17;KCNK5钾通道,亚家族K,成员5;和KIF6 驱动蛋白家族成员6。[标记8]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:BANF1(对于自整合因子的障碍1);CATSPER1阳离子通道,精子相关的1CCDC85B含卷曲螺旋结构域85B;CDC42EP2CDC42效应蛋白(Rho GTP酶结合)2;CFL1 cofilin1(非肌肉);CST6半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E/M;CTSW组织蛋白酶W;DPF2 D4,锌和双重PHD指家族2;DRAP1 DR1相关蛋白质1(负辅因子2α);EFEMP2含EGF fibulin样细胞外基质蛋白质2;EHBP1L1 EH结构域结合蛋白 1样1;FAM89B具有序列相似性的家族89,成员B;FIBP成纤维细胞生长因子(酸性的)细胞内结合蛋白;FOSL1 FOS样抗原1;FRMD8含FERM结构域8;GAL3ST3半乳糖-3-O-磺基转移酶3;HTATIP HIV-1 Tat相互作用蛋白质,60kDa. KCNK7钾通道 亚家族K,成员7;LTBP3潜在转化生长因子β结合蛋白 3;MAP3K11丝裂原激活蛋白质激酶激酶激酶11;MGC11102假定蛋白质MGC11102;MUS81 MUS81内切核酸酶同系物(酿酒酵母);OVOL1卵样1(果蝇);PACS1phosphofurin酸性簇分类蛋白质1;PCNXL3 pecanex样3(果蝇);POLA2聚合酶(DNA指导的)α2(70kD亚基);RELA v-rel网状内皮组织增殖病毒癌基因同系物A,B细胞中的κ轻多肽基因增强子的核因子3,p65(禽的);RNASEH2C核糖核酸酶H2,亚基C;SART1由T细胞识别的鳞状细胞癌抗原;SCYL1 SCY1样1(酿酒酵母);SF3B2剪接因子3b,亚基2,145kDa;SIPA1信号诱导的增殖相关基因1;SLC25A45 溶质载体家族25,成员45;SSSCA1Sjogren综合征/硬皮病自身抗原1;TIGD3触发转座元件衍生的3;和TSGA10IP 睾丸特异性,10相互作用蛋白质[标记9]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:AHNAK(AHNAK核蛋白);ASRGL1天冬酰胺酶样1;B3GAT3 β-1,3-葡糖醛酸基转移酶3(葡糖醛酸基转移酶I);BAD BCL2-细胞死亡的拮抗剂;BEST1bestrophin 1;BSCL2 Bernardinelli-Seip先天性脂质营养不良2(seipin);CCDC88B含卷曲螺旋结构域88B;CHRM1胆碱能受体,毒蕈碱的1;COX8A细胞色素c氧化酶亚基8A(遍在的);DKFZP564J0863 DKFZP564J0863蛋白质;DKFZP566E164 DKFZP566E164蛋白质;DNAJC4 DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族C,成员4;EEF1G真核转录延长因子1γ;EML3棘皮动物微管相关蛋白质样3;ESRRA雌激素相关受体α;FADS2,3脂肪酸去饱和酶2,3;FKBP2 FK506 结合蛋白 2,13kDa;FLRT1纤连蛋白富含亮氨酸跨膜蛋白质1;FTH1铁蛋白,重多肽1;GANAB葡糖苷酶,α;中性AB;GNG3鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),γ3;GPR137 G蛋白偶联受体137;HRASLS2,3,5 HRAS样抑制因子2,3,5;INCENP内部着丝粒蛋白质抗原135/155kDa;INTS5整合因子复合体亚基5;KCNK4钾通道,亚家族K,成员4;LGALS12凝集素,半乳糖苷结合的,可溶的,12(半乳糖凝集素12);MACROD1含MACRO结构域1;MARK2 MAP/微管亲和力调节激酶2;MGC3196假定蛋白质MGC3196;MTA2转移相关的1家族,成员2;NAT11 N-乙酰基转移酶11;NRXN2 neurexin2;NUDT22 nudix(二磷酸核苷连接的部分X)-型基序22;NXF1核RNA输出因子1;OTUB1 OUT结构域,遍在蛋白醛结合的1;PLCB3磷脂酶C,β3(磷脂酰肌醇特异性的);POLR2G聚合酶(RNA)II(DNA指导的)多肽G;PPP1R14B蛋白质磷酸酶1,调节(抑制剂)亚基14B;PRDX5过氧化物还原酶5;PYGM磷酸化酶,糖原;肌肉(McArdle综合征,糖原贮积病V型);RAB3IL1 RAB3A相互作用蛋白质(rabin3)样1;RARRES3视黄酸受体应答物(他扎罗汀诱导的)3;RASGRP2 RAS脒基释放蛋白质2(钙和DAG调节的);RCOR2 REST辅阻遏物2;ROM1视黄醛外节膜蛋白质1;RPS6KA4 核糖体蛋白质S6激酶,90kDa,多肽4;RTN3 网状蛋白 3;SCGB1A1、1D1、1D2、1D4、2A1、2A1分泌球蛋白,家族;SF1剪接因子1;SLC22A10、11、12、6、8、9 溶质载体家族22(有机阴离子/阳离子转运蛋白)SLC3A2 溶质载体家族3(二碱基和中性氨基酸转运的激活物),成员2;STIP1应激诱导的磷蛋白1(Hsp70/Hsp90-有机化蛋白质);STX5突触融合蛋白5;TAF6LTAF6样RNA聚合酶II,p300/CBP相关因子(PCAF)相关因子,65kDa;TRPT1 tRNA磷酸转移酶1;TTC9C三十四肽重复结构域9C;TUT1末端尿苷酰转移酶1;U6 snRNA特异性RP2 UNC-112相关蛋白质2;UST6假定UST1样有机阴离子转运蛋白;VEGFB血管内皮生长因子B;WDR74 WD重复结构域74;和ZBTB3含锌指和BTB结构域3。[标记10]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:AKAP1(A激酶(PRKA)锚蛋白质1);ANKFN1(含锚蛋白重复和纤连蛋白III型结构域1);C17orf67染色体17可读框67;COILcoilin;DGKE二酰甘油激酶,ε64kDa;MSI2 musashi同系物2(果蝇);NOG头蛋白;SCPEP1丝氨酸羧肽酶1;和TRIM25含三重基序25。[标记11]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 17,43.5-44.9Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:hsa-mir-10a;hsa-mir-196a-1;ABI3(ABI基因家族,成员3);ATP5G1(ATP合酶,H+转运,线粒体F0复合体,亚基C1(亚基9));B4GALNT2β-1,4-N-乙酰基-氨基半乳糖基转移酶2;CALCOCO2钙结合和卷曲螺旋结构域2;CBX1 染色盒同系物1(HP1 β同系物果蝇);GIP胃抑制性多肽;GNGT2鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),γ转导活性多肽2;HOXB1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13同源异形盒B1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13;IGF2BP1胰岛素样生长因子2 mRNA 结合蛋白 1;NFE2L1核因子(红细胞衍生的2)样1;NGFR神经生长因子受体(TNFR超家族,成员16);PHB抑制素PHOSPHO1磷酸酶,孤儿1;PRAC小核蛋白PRAC;SKAP1 src激酶相关磷蛋白1;SNF8 SNF8,ESCRT-II复合体亚基,同系物(酿酒酵母);SNX11分类连接素11;TTLL6微管蛋白酪氨酸连接酶样家族,成员6;UBE2Z(遍在蛋白缀合酶E2Z);和ZNF652(锌指蛋白652)。[标记12]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ACVR2A激活素A受体,IIA型;C2orf25染色体2可读框25;EPC2多梳增强子同系物2(果蝇);KIF5C驱动蛋白家族成员5C;LOC130576假定蛋白质LOC130576;LYPD6含LY6/PLAUR结构域6;MBD5甲基-CpG结合结构域蛋白质5;ORC4L起源识别复合体,亚基4样(酵母);和RND3 Rho家族GTP酶3。[标记13]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:hsa-mir-588;AKAP7(A激酶(PRKA)锚蛋白质7);ALDH8A1醛脱氢酶8 家族,成员A1;ARG1精氨酸酶,肝;ARHGAP18 RhoGTP酶激活蛋白质18;CTGF结缔组织生长因子;ECHDC1含烯酰辅酶A水合酶结构域1;ENPP1,3核苷酸内焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶1,3;EPB41L2红细胞膜蛋白质带4.1样2;EYA4眼不存在的同系物4(果蝇);HDDC2含HD结构域2;HEY2具有YRPW基序的多毛/分裂增强子相关的2;HINT3三联组氨酸核苷酸结合蛋白3;KIAA1913 KIAA1913;LAMA2层粘连蛋白,α2(分区蛋白,先天性肌营养不良);MED23介质复合体亚基23;MOXD1单氧合酶,DBH样1;MYB v-myb成髓细胞瘤病毒癌基因同系物(禽的);NCOA7核受体辅激活物7;NKAIN2 Na+/K+转运ATP酶相互作用的2;OR2A4嗅觉感受器,家族2,亚家族A,成员4;PTPRK蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体型,K; RNF146环指蛋白146;RNF217环指蛋白217;RPS12 核糖体蛋白质S12;SAMD3含不育α基序结构域3;SGK血清/糖皮质激素调节的激酶;SLC2A12 溶质载体家族2(促进的葡萄糖转运蛋白),成员12;STX7突触融合蛋白7;TAAR1,2,5,6,8,9痕量胺相关的受体1,2,5,6,8,9;TBPL1 TBP样1;TCF21转录因子21;TPD52L1肿瘤蛋白质D52样1;TRDN三联蛋白;TRMT11 tRNA甲基转移酶11同系物(酿酒酵母));和VNN1,2,3(vanin 1,2,3)。[标记14]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 8,6.9-8.8 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:CLDN23 claudin 23;DEFA5防御素,α5,Paneth细胞特异性的;DEFB103B防御素,β103B;DEFB104A防御素,β104A;DEFB104B防御素,β104B;DEFB105B防御素,β105B;DEFB106A防御素,β106A;DEFB106B防御素,β106B;DEFB107A防御素,β107A;DEFB107B防御素,β107B;DEFB4防御素,β4;MFHAS1恶性纤维组织细胞瘤扩增的序列1;PRAGMIN Rnd2的大鼠pragma的同系物;SPAG11A精子相关抗原11A;和SPAG11B精子相关抗原11B。[标记15]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:BAZ2B与锌指结构域相邻的溴结构域,2B;CD302CD302分子;ITGB6 整联蛋白,β6;LY75淋巴细胞抗原75;MARCH7(膜相关的环指(C3HC4)7);PLA2R1(磷脂酶A2受体1,180kDa);和RBMS1(RNA结合基序,单链相互作用蛋白质1)。[标记16]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ABI2 abl相互作用物2;ALS2肌萎缩侧索硬化2(青少年的);ALS2CR2、4、7、8、11、12、13肌萎缩侧索硬化2(青少年的)染色体区域,候选物2、4、7、8、11、12、13;AOX1醛氧化酶1;BMPR2骨形态生成蛋白受体,II型(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶);BZW1碱性亮氨酸拉链和W2结构域1;CASP10半胱天冬酶(caspase)10,细胞凋亡相关半胱氨酸肽酶;CASP8半胱天冬酶8,细胞凋亡相关半胱氨酸肽酶;CFLAR CASP8和FADD样细胞凋亡调节物;CLK1 CDC样激酶1;CYP20A1细胞色素P450,家族20,亚家族A,多肽1;FAM126B具有相邻相似性的家族126,成员B;FZD7 frizzled同系物7(果蝇)ICA1L岛细胞自身抗原1,69kDa样;KCTD18含钾通道四聚体化结构域18;LOC26010病毒DNA聚合酶反式激活蛋白质6;MPP4膜蛋白质,棕榈酰化的4(MAGUK p55亚家族成员4). NBEAL1 neurobeachin样1;NDUFB3 NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1 β亚复合体,3,12kDa;NIF3L1 NIF3 NGG1相互作用因子3样1(栗酒裂殖酵母(S. pombe));NOP5/NOP58核仁蛋白质NOP5/NOP58;ORC2L起源识别复合体,亚基2样(酵母);PPIL3肽基脯氨酰异构酶(亲环素)样3;RAPH1 Ras相关(RalGDS/AF-6)和普列克底物蛋白同源结构域1;SGOL2shugoshin样2(栗酒裂殖酵母);SUMO1 mif二3同系物的SMT3抑制因子1(酿酒酵母);TRAK2运输蛋白质,驱动蛋白结合的2;和WDR12(WD重复结构域12)。[标记17]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:BRPF3(含溴结构域和PHD指,3);DKFZp779B1540假定蛋白质DKFZp779B1540;ETV7 ets变体基因7(TEL2癌基因);KCTD20含钾通道四聚体化结构域20;PNPLA1含patatin样磷脂酶结构域1;PXT1过氧化物酶体的,睾丸特异性的1;SFRS3剪接因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸3;和STK38(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶38)。[标记18]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ADAM23(ADAM金属肽酶结构域23);CPO羧肽酶O;DYTN dystrotelin;EEF1B2真核翻译延长因子1 β2;FASTKD2 FAST激酶结构域2;FLJ20309假定蛋白质FLJ20309;GPR1 G蛋白偶联受体1;KLF7 Kruppel样因子7(遍在的);MDH1B苹果酸脱氢酶1B,NAD(可溶的);NDUFS1 NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)Fe-S蛋白质1,75kDa(NADH-辅酶 Q还原酶);NRP2神经纤毛蛋白2;PARD3B par-3分配缺陷的3同系物B(秀丽隐杆线虫(C. elegans));ZDBF2(锌指,含DBF型2);和hCG_1657980 hCG1657980。[标记19]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:hsa-mir-197;AHCYL1 S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶样1);ALX3无芒样同源异形盒3;AMIGO1具有Ig样结构域的粘附分子1;AMPD2腺苷一磷酸脱氨酶2(同种型 L);ATXN7L2 ataxin 7样2;CELSR2 钙粘蛋白,EGF LAG七次跨膜G型受体2(flamingo同系物,果蝇);CSF1集落刺激因子1(巨噬细胞);CYB561D1含细胞色素b-561结构域1;EPS8L3 EPS8样3;FAM40A 具有序列相似性的家族40,成员A;GNAI3鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),α抑制活性多肽3;GNAT2鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),α转导活性多肽2;GPR61 G蛋白偶联受体61;GSTM1,M2,M3,M4,M5谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1,M2(肌肉),M3(脑),M4,M5;HBXIP乙型肝炎病毒x相互作用蛋白质;KCNA2,3,4,10钾电压门控通道,shaker-相关亚家族,成员2,3,4,10;KIAA1324 KIAA1324;MYBPHL肌球蛋白结合蛋白 H样;PROK1前动力蛋白1;PSMA5蛋白酶体(蛋白酶体,巨蛋白因子)亚基,α型,5;PSRC1富含脯氨酸/丝氨酸的卷曲螺旋1;RBM15 RNA结合基序蛋白质15;SARS丝氨酰-tRNA合成酶;SLC16A4溶质载体家族16,成员4(一元羧酸转运蛋白5);SLC6A17溶质载体家族6,成员17;SORT1sortilin 1;SYPL2突触囊泡蛋白样2;和UBL4B(遍在蛋白样4B)。[标记20]。
可替代地,在任何方法中,癌症后果标记是例如染色体DNA的区域,其缺失产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数丧失,其中拷贝数丧失与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记可以选自Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb;Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb;Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb;Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb;Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb;Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb;Chr 9,28.1 Mb;Chr 4,43.7-44.2Mb;Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb;Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb;Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb;Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb;Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb;Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb;Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb;Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb;Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb;Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb;Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb;Chr 4,81.4-83.2 Mb;Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb;Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb;和Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ADAMTS6具有凝血酶敏感蛋白1型基序的ADAM金属肽酶,6;CD180 CD180分子;CENPK着丝粒蛋白质K;ERBB2IP erbb2相互作用蛋白质;FLJ13611假定蛋白质FLJ13611;HTR1A 5-羟色胺(血清素)受体1A;MAST4微管相关的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶家族成员4;NLN溶神经素(金属肽酶M3家族);P18SRP P18SRP蛋白质;PIK3R1磷酸肌醇-3-激酶,调节亚基1(p85α);PPWD1含肽基脯氨酰异构酶结构域和WD重复1;RGS7BP G蛋白信号7结合蛋白的调节物;RNF180环指蛋白180;SDCCAG10血清限定性结肠癌抗原10;SFRS12剪接因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸12;SGTB含小的富含谷氨酰胺的三十四肽重复(TPR),β0;和TRIM23含三重基序23。[缺失标记1]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ARL15(ADP-核糖基化因子样15);HSPB3(热休克27kDa蛋白质3)和hsa-miR-581。[缺失标记2]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:FLJ20184(假定蛋白质FLJ20184);GSTCD(谷胱甘肽S转移酶,含C末端结构域);INTS12整合因子复合体亚基12;KIAA1546 KIAA1546;MGC16169假定蛋白质MGC16169;NPNT(肾连接素);和PPA2焦磷酸酶(无机的)2。[缺失标记3]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码ITFG1(含整联蛋白 αFG-GAP重复1)和PHKB(磷酸化酶激酶,β)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记4]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码ISL1(ISL LIM同源异形盒)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记5]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ARSK(芳基硫酸酯酶家族,成员K);CAST(钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白);ELL2(延长因子,RNA聚合酶II,2);FAM81B具有序列相似性的家族81,成员B;GLRX谷氧化蛋白(硫醇转移酶);GPR150 G蛋白偶联受体150;KIAA0372KIAA0372;MCTP1多重C2结构域,跨膜1;PCSK1前蛋白转换酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/干酪素(kexin)1型;RFESD(含Rieske(Fe-S)结构域);RHOBTB3含Rho-相关的BTB结构域3;SPATA9(精子生成相关的9);和hsa-miR-583。[缺失标记6]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:C9orf19染色体9可读框19;CCINcalicin;CLTA 网格蛋白,轻链(Lca);GNE葡糖胺(UDP-N-乙酰基)-2-表异构酶/N-乙酰甘露糖胺激酶;MELK母源胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶;PAX5配对盒5;RECK具有kazal基序的诱导逆转的富含半胱氨酸蛋白质;和RNF38环指蛋白38。[缺失标记7]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ARSK芳基硫酸酯酶家族,成员K;CAST 钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白;ELL2 延长因子,RNA聚合酶II,2;FAM81B具有序列相似性的家族81,成员B;GLRX谷氧化蛋白(硫醇转移酶);GPR150 G蛋白偶联受体150;KIAA0372KIAA0372;MCTP1多重C2结构域,跨膜1;PCSK1前蛋白转换酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/干酪素1型;RFESD含Rieske(Fe-S)结构域;RHOBTB3含Rho-相关的BTB结构域3;SPATA9精子生成相关的9。[缺失标记8]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:C14orf166染色体14可读框166;DDHD1含DDHD结构域1;ERO1L ERO1样(酿酒酵母);FRMD6含FERM结构域6;GNG2鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),γ2;GNPNAT1葡糖胺磷酸N-乙酰基转移酶1;GPR137C G蛋白偶联受体137C;NID2巢蛋白2(骨巢蛋白);PLEKHC1含普列克底物蛋白同源结构域,家族C(具有FERM结构域)成员1;PSMC6蛋白酶体(前体,巨细胞因子)26S亚基,ATP酶,6;PTGDR前列腺素D2受体(DP);PTGER2前列腺素E受体2(亚型EP2),53kDa;STYX丝氨酸/苏氨酸/酪氨酸相互作用蛋白质;TXNDC16含硫氧还蛋白结构域 16。[缺失标记9]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ACTN1辅肌动蛋白,α1;AKAP5 A激酶(PRKA)锚蛋白质5;ARG2精氨酸酶,II型;ATP6V1D ATP酶,H+转运,溶酶体的34kDa,V1 亚基D;C14orf50染色体14可读框50;C14orf54染色体14可读框54;C14orf83染色体14可读框83;CHURC1含churchill结构域1;EIF2S1真核翻译起始因子2,亚基1α,35kDa;ESR2雌激素受体2(ER β);FLJ39779 FLJ39779蛋白质;FNTB法尼基转移酶,CAAX盒,β;FUT8岩藻糖基转移酶8(α(1,6)岩藻糖基转移酶);GPHB5糖蛋白激素β5;GPHN gephyrin;GPX2谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶2(胃肠的);HSPA2热休克70kDa蛋白质2;KCNH5钾电压门控通道,亚家族H(eag相关的),成员5;MAX MYC相关因子X;MPP5膜蛋白质,棕榈酰化的5(MAGUK p55亚家族成员5);MTHFD1亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶(NADP+依赖性)1,亚甲基四氢叶酸环水解酶,甲酰四氢叶酸合成酶;PIGH磷脂酰肌醇聚糖锚式生物合成,H类;PLEK2 普列克底物蛋白2;PLEKHG3 含普列克底物蛋白同源结构域,家族G(具有RhoGef结构域)成员3;PLEKHH1 含普列克底物蛋白同源结构域,家族H(具有MyTH4结构域)成员1;PPP2R5E 蛋白质磷酸酶2,调节亚基B',ε同种型;RAB15 RAB15,成员RAS癌基因家族;RAD51L1 RAD51样1(酿酒酵母);RDH11视黄醇脱氢酶11(全反式/9-顺式/11-顺式);RDH12视黄醇脱氢酶12(全反式/9-顺式/11-顺式);RHOJ ras同系物基因家族,成员J;SGPP1 1-磷酸-鞘氨醇磷酸酶1;SPTB血影蛋白,β,红细胞的(包括球形细胞增多症,临床I型);SYNE2含血影蛋白重复,核被膜2;SYT16突触结合蛋白XVI;VTI1B通过与t-SNAREs同系物1B(酵母)的相互作用的囊泡转运;WDR22 WD重复结构域22;WDR89 WD重复结构域89;ZBTB1含锌指和BTB结构域1;ZBTB25含锌指和 BTB结构域25;ZFP36L1锌指蛋白 36,C3H型样1;ZFYVE26 锌指,含FYVE结构域26和hsa-miR-625。[缺失标记10]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 9,28.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码LINGO2(含富含亮氨酸重复和Ig结构域2)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记11]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码KCTD8(含钾通道四聚体化结构域8)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记12]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:DIMT1L DIM1二甲基腺苷转移酶1样(酿酒酵母);FLJ37543假定蛋白质FLJ37543;IPO11 输入蛋白11;ISCA1L铁硫簇装配1同系物(酿酒酵母)样;和KIF2A驱动蛋白重链成员2A。[缺失标记13]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr3,120.0-121.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ADPRH ADP-核糖基精氨酸水解酶;B4GALT4 UDP-Gal:βGlcNAc β1,4-半乳糖基转移酶,多肽4;C3orf1 染色体3可读框1;C3orf15 染色体3可读框15;C3orf30 染色体3可读框30;CD80 CD80分子;CDGAP Cdc42GTP酶激活蛋白质;COX17 COX17细胞色素c氧化酶装配同系物(酿酒酵母);GSK3B糖原合酶激酶3 β;IGSF11免疫球蛋白超家族,成员11;KTELC1含KTEL(Lys-Tyr-Glu-Leu)1;NR1I2核受体亚家族1,组I,成员2;PLA1A 磷脂酶A1 成员A;POPDC2含popeye结构域2;TMEM39A跨膜蛋白质39A;和UPK1B uroplakin 1B。[缺失标记14]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ATP10D ATP酶,V类,10D型;CNGA1环核苷酸门控通道α1;COMMD8含COMM结构域8;CORIN corin,丝氨酸肽酶;COX7B2细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIIb2;GABRA4 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体,α4;GABRB1 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体,β1;NFXL1核转录因子,X-盒结合样1;NPAL1含NIPA样结构域1;TEC tec蛋白质酪氨酸激酶;和TXK TXK 酪氨酸激酶。[缺失标记15]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码FBXO33(F-盒蛋白质33)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记16]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:GNPDA2(葡糖胺-6-磷酸脱氨酶2);GUF1(GUF1 GTP酶同系物(酿酒酵母));和YIPF7(Yip1结构域家族,成员7)。[缺失标记17]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码IKZF2 IKAROS家族锌指2(Helios);和SPAG16精子相关抗原16的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记18]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:C14orf106染色体14可读框106;C14orf155染色体14可读框155;C14orf28染色体14可读框28;FANCM范可尼贫血,互补群M;FKBP3 FK506 结合蛋白 3,25kDa;KIAA0423 KIAA0423;KLHL28 kelch样28(果蝇);MDGA2含MAM结构域糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚2;PRPF39 PRP39 mRNA前体加工因子39同系物(酿酒酵母);和RPL10L核糖体蛋白质L10样。[缺失标记19]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码FOXG1(叉头盒G1)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记20]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码EPHA6(EPH受体A6)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记21]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr14,55.2-60.0Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ACTR10肌动蛋白相关蛋白质10同系物(酿酒酵母);ARID4A富含AT相互作用结构域4A(RBP1样);C14orf100染色体14可读框100;C14orf101染色体14可读框101;C14orf105染色体14可读框105;C14orf108染色体14可读框108;C14orf135染色体14可读框135;C14orf149染色体14可读框149;C14orf37染色体14可读框37;C14orf39染色体14可读框39;DAAM1形态发生的紊乱相关激活物1;DACT1 dapper,β-连锁蛋白的拮抗剂,同系物1(光滑爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));DHRS7脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR家族)成员7;EXOC5泡外复合体组分5;GPR135 G蛋白偶联受体135;KIAA0586 KIAA0586;NAT12N-乙酰基转移酶12;OTX2正小齿(orthodenticle)同源异形盒2;PELI2 pellino同系物2(果蝇);PPM1A 蛋白质磷酸酶1A(以前的2C),镁依赖性的,α同种型;PSMA3蛋白酶体(前体,巨细胞因子)亚基,α型,3;RTN1网状蛋白(reticulon)1;SLC35F4溶质载体家族35,成员F4;TIMM9线粒体内膜的转位酶9同系物(酵母);和UNQ9438 TIMM。[缺失标记22]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ABHD12B含自水解酶结构域12B;ARF6 ADP-核糖基化因子6;ATP5S ATP合酶,H+转运,线粒体F0复合体,亚基(因子B);C14orf104染色体14可读框104;C14orf138染色体14可读框138;CDKL1细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶样1(CDC2相关的激酶);FRMD6含FERM结构域6;KLHDC1含kelch结构域1;KLHDC2含kelch结构域2;L2HGDH L-2-羟基戊二酸脱氢酶;LOC196913假定蛋白质LOC196913;LOC283551假定蛋白质LOC283551;MAP4K5 丝裂原激活蛋白质激酶激酶激酶激酶5;MGAT2甘露糖基(α-1,6-)-糖蛋白β-1,2-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶;NIN ninein(GSK3B相互作用蛋白质);POLE2 聚合酶(DNA指导的),ε2(p59亚基);PPIL5肽基脯氨酰异构酶(亲环素)样5PYGL磷酸化酶,糖原;肝(Hers病,糖原贮积病VI型);RPL36AL核糖体蛋白质L36a样;和RPS29核糖体蛋白质S29。[缺失标记23]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 4,81.4-83.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:BMP3骨形态生成蛋白3(成骨的);C4orf22染色体4可读框22;FGF5成纤维细胞生长因子5;PRKG2蛋白质激酶,cGMP依赖性,II型;和RASGEF1B RasGEF结构域家族,成员1B。[缺失标记24]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ACF apobec-1互补因子;ASAH2B N-酰基鞘氨醇酰胺水解酶(非溶酶体的神经酰胺酶)2B;CSTF2T切割刺激因子,3' RNA前体,亚基2,64kDa,τ变体;DKK1 dickkopf同系物1(光滑爪蟾);MBL2甘露糖结合凝集素(蛋白质C)2,可溶性(调理素缺陷);PRKG1蛋白质激酶,cGMP依赖性,I型;SGMS1鞘磷脂合酶1;和hsa-miR-605。[缺失标记25]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码下述的核苷酸序列:ANKRD55锚蛋白重复结构域55;C5orf29染色体5可读框29;C5orf35染色体5可读框35;DKFZp686D0972类似于RIKEN cDNA 4732495G21基因;GPBP1富含GC启动子结合蛋白 1;IL31RA白细胞介素31受体A;IL6ST白细胞介素6信号转导蛋白(gp130,制癌素M受体);MAP3K1丝裂原激活蛋白质激酶激酶激酶1;MIER3中胚层诱导早期应答1,家族成员3;PDE4D磷酸二酯酶4D,cAMP特异性的(磷酸二酯酶E3 dunce同系物,果蝇);PLK2 polo样激酶2(果蝇);和RAB3C RAB3C,成员RAS癌基因家族。[缺失标记26]。在其中癌症后果标记是Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb的方法中,标记包括编码CCNB1(细胞周期蛋白B1)和SLC30A5(溶质载体家族30(锌转运蛋白),成员5)的核苷酸序列。[缺失标记27]。
在任何方法中,测试样品可以是可能含有肿瘤细胞的组织样品,例如血液样品、肿瘤组织或可疑肿瘤组织、薄层细胞学样品、细针抽吸物样品、肺洗涤样品、胸腔积液样品、新鲜冷冻组织样品、石蜡包埋的组织样品或由先前任何一种产生的提取物或加工的样品。在示例性实施方案中,组织样品是肺组织样品或包含循环肿瘤细胞的外周血样品。在任何方法中,测定步骤(b)可以通过原位杂交执行。原位杂交可以用荧光标记的核酸探针、至少2种核酸探针或肽核酸探针执行。测定步骤(b)可以通过聚合酶链反应、核酸测序测定或核酸微阵列测定执行。在示例性实施方案中,肺癌是非小细胞肺癌,其可以是例如鳞状细胞癌、大细胞癌或腺癌。在任何方法中,患者可以接受用化学疗法、放射、手术或其任何组合的治疗。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了选择用于患有肺癌的患者的治疗的方法,该方法包括步骤:a)提供来自患者的测试样品,其中用化学治疗剂的治疗是用于患者的至少一个治疗选项;b)测定测试样品中癌症后果标记的拷贝数;c)针对基线拷贝数2比较测试样品中癌症后果标记的拷贝数,从而测定测试样品中关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在;和d)基于步骤c)中的比较,确定化学疗法治疗方案。基于步骤c)中的比较,确定治疗方案的步骤包括例如当对于癌症后果标记存在拷贝数变化时,选择化学治疗剂且测定化学疗法治疗的频率。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了将患者分类为具有对于治疗是抗性的肺癌的方法,其包括步骤:a)提供来自患者的测试样品;b)测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数;c)针对关于癌症后果标记的基线拷贝数2比较测试样品中关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数,以测定患者中的癌症后果标记中拷贝数变化的存在或不存在;和d)基于癌症后果标记中拷贝数变化的存在,将患者分类为具有对于治疗是抗性的肺癌。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了试剂盒,其包含:a)用于测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在的试剂;和b)用于执行测试的说明书。测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在的试剂可以包括例如与至少部分癌症后果标记杂交的可检测标记的多核苷酸。癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其扩增产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数增益,其中拷贝数增益与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记可以选自Chr 19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb;Chr 19,38.9-40.7 Mb;Chr 17,69.2-71.3 Mb;Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb;Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb;Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb;Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb;Chr 6,39.1-39.9Mb;Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb;Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb;Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb;Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb;Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb;Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb;Chr 8,6.9-8.8 Mb;Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb;Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb;Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb;Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb;和Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb。癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其缺失产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数丧失,其中拷贝数丧失与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记可以选自Chr5,62.9-67.8 Mb;Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb;Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb;Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb;Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb;Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb;Chr 9,28.1 Mb;Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb;Chr5,60.8-62.9 Mb;Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb;Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb;Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb;Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb;Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb;Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb;Chr 14,27.6-28.6Mb;Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb;Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb;Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb;Chr 4,81.4-83.2Mb;Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb;Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb;和Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb。
附图简述
专利或申请文件含有以彩色执行的至少一个附图。具有一个或多个彩色附图的这个专利或专利申请公开的拷贝将在请求和支付必要费用后由专利局提供。
图1是显示对于通过Chr19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组(cohort),以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记1]。
图2是显示对于通过Chr 19;38.9-40.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记2]。
图3是显示对于通过Chr 17;69.2-71.3 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记3]。
图4是显示对于通过Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的71患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记4]。
图5是显示对于通过Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记4]。
图6是显示对于通过Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记5]。
图7是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记6]。
图8是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记6]。
图9是显示对于通过Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记7]。
图10是显示对于通过Chr 6,39.1-39.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记8]。
图11是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记9]。
图12是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记9]。
图13是显示对于通过Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记10]。
图14是显示对于通过Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记11]。
图15是显示对于通过Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记12]。
图16是显示对于通过Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记12]。
图17是显示对于通过Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记13]。
图18是显示对于通过Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记13]。
图19是显示对于通过Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记14]。
图20是显示对于通过Chr 8,6.9-8.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记15]。
图21是显示对于通过Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记16]。
图22是显示对于通过Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记16]。
图23是显示对于通过Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记17]。
图24是显示对于通过Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记18]。
图25是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。
图26是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的66患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。
图27是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。
图28是显示对于通过Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的71患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记20]。
图29是显示对于通过Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记1]。
图30是显示对于通过Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记2]。
图31是显示对于通过Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记3]。
图32是显示对于通过Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记4]。
图33是显示对于通过Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记5]。
图34是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记6]。
图35是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记6]。
图36是显示对于通过Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记7]。
图37是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记8]。
图38是显示对于通过Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记9]。
图39是显示对于通过Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记10]。
图40是显示对于通过Chr 9,28.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记11]。
图41是显示对于通过Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记12]。
图42是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。
图43是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。
图44是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。
图45是显示对于通过Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记14]。
图46是显示对于通过Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记15]。
图47是显示对于通过Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记16]。
图48是显示对于通过Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记17]。
图49是显示对于通过Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记18]。
图50是显示对于通过Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记19]。
图51是显示对于通过Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记20]。
图52是显示对于通过Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记20]。
图53是显示对于通过Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记21]。
图54是显示对于通过Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记21]。
图55是显示对于通过Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记22]。
图56是显示对于通过Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记23]。
图57是显示对于通过Chr 4,81.4-83.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记24]。
图58是显示对于通过Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记25]。
图59是显示对于通过Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记26]。
图60是显示对于通过Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记27]。
图61是指示平均拷贝数的曲线图,比较使用训练(100K阵列)数据集和验证(SNP6.0阵列)数据集获得的平均拷贝数模式。
图62是显示对于通过ARSK中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图63是显示对于通过ARSK中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图64是显示对于通过C5orf27中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图65是显示对于通过C5orf27中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图66是显示对于通过CAST中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图67是显示对于通过CAST中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图68是显示对于通过ELL2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图69是显示对于通过FAM81B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图70是显示对于通过FAM81B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图71是显示对于通过GLRX中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图72是显示对于通过GLRX中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图73是显示对于通过GPR150中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图74是显示对于通过GPR150中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图75是显示对于通过MCTP1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图76是显示对于通过MCTP1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图77是显示对于通过PCSK1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图78是显示对于通过PCSK1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图79是显示对于通过RFESD中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图80是显示对于通过RFESD中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图81是显示对于通过RHOBTB3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图82是显示对于通过RHOBTB3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图83是显示对于通过SPATA9中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图84是显示对于通过SPATA9中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图85是显示对于通过TTC37中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图86是显示对于通过TTC37中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图87是显示对于通过CCNB1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图88是显示对于通过SLC30A5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图89是显示对于通过MYO15B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图90是显示对于通过SLC16A5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图91是显示对于通过DKFZp761E198中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图92是显示对于通过DKFZp761E198中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图93是显示对于通过EHBP1L1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图94是显示对于通过EHBP1L1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图95是显示对于通过FAM89B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图96是显示对于通过FAM89B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图97是显示对于通过KAT5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图98是显示对于通过KAT5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图99是显示对于通过KCNK7中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图100是显示对于通过KCNK7中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图101是显示对于通过LTBP3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图102是显示对于通过LTBP3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图103是显示对于通过MALAT1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图104是显示对于通过MALAT1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图105是显示对于通过MAP3K11中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图106是显示对于通过MAP3K11中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图107是显示对于通过PACS1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图108是显示对于通过PACS1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图109是显示对于通过PCNXL3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图110是显示对于通过PCNXL3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图111是显示对于通过RELA中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图112是显示对于通过RELA中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图113是显示对于通过RNASEH2C中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图114是显示对于通过RNASEH2C中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图115是显示对于通过SCYL1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图116是显示对于通过SCYL1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图117是显示对于通过SIPA1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图118是显示对于通过SIPA1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图119是显示对于通过SSSCA1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图120是显示对于通过SSSCA1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图121是显示对于通过BAD中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图122是显示对于通过C11orf20中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图123是显示对于通过BAD中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图124是显示对于通过C11orf20中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图125是显示对于通过DNAJC4中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图126是显示对于通过DNAJC4中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图127是显示对于通过ESRRA中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图128是显示对于通过ESRRA中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图129是显示对于通过FADS2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图130是显示对于通过FADS3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图131是显示对于通过FKBP2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图132是显示对于通过FKBP2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图133是显示对于通过FLRT1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图134是显示对于通过GPR137中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图135是显示对于通过HSPC152中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图136是显示对于通过HSPC152中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图137是显示对于通过KCNK4中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图138是显示对于通过KCNK4中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图139是显示对于通过NUDT22中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图140是显示对于通过NUDT22中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图141是显示对于通过PLCB3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图142是显示对于通过PLCB3中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图143是显示对于通过PPP1R14B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图144是显示对于通过PPP1R14B中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图145是显示对于通过PRDX5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图146是显示对于通过PRDX5中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图147是显示对于通过RAB3IL1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图148是显示对于通过TRPT1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图149是显示对于通过TRPT1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图150是显示对于通过VEGFB中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图151是显示对于通过VEGFB中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图152是显示对于通过AKAP1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图153是显示对于通过ANKFN1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图154是显示对于通过C17orf67中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图155是显示对于通过COIL中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图156是显示对于通过DGKE中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图157是显示对于通过MSI2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图158是显示对于通过MTVR2中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图159是显示对于通过NOG中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图160是显示对于通过RNF126P1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图161是显示对于通过SCPEP1中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
图162是显示对于通过TRIM25中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLCIa-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
具体实施方式
先前描述的基于表达的癌症中不良后果的标记不能用充分确定的临床诊断工具FISH进行测量。迄今为止,未鉴定可以预测疾病后果的基因扩增/缺失。本发明人已发现特定癌症患者中的特定染色体序列中的拷贝数变化。此外,本发明人已测定拷贝数变化与I-II期NSCLC中更短的总体存活或减少的复发时间统计上显著相关。
相应地,本公开内容提供了通过在47种标记中的任何一种上的染色体DNA拷贝数评估,测定在人中的早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的预后的方法。对于这些标记各自,拷贝数中的变化与癌症的更差预后相关。拷贝数变化是一种或多种的拷贝数增益或拷贝数丧失。当与2个拷贝的正常基线互补体比较时,更差预后在具有拷贝数增益或拷贝数丧失的患者中得以评估。使用总体存活和复发时间的测量来测定更差预后。本公开内容对于提供关于早期NSCLC患者的改善预后信息是特别有利的,并且使得关于处于癌症复发的更高危险中的那些早期NSCLC患者的改善治疗选择成为可能。
本公开内容包括使用广泛使用的TNM分期系统,用于测定分类为早期癌症的NSCLC患者的预后的方法,所述患者特别是分类为IA期、IB期、IIA期或IIB期(IIA和IIB期统称为II期)的那些。基于其他诊断分类法的可替代的NSCLC分期系统可以用于鉴定其组织样品可以通过本文公开的方法进行测定的患者。如本文使用的,早期NSCLC指未扩展至超过一个淋巴结、也未转移至任何其他器官的NSCLC肿瘤。早期NSCLC患者几乎一直通过寻求完全肿瘤摘除的手术切除进行治疗,然而,即使当肿瘤被认为完全切除时,也存在关于这些早期患者的显著复发危险。目前诊断模式不允许精确预测这些早期癌症中的哪些是复发的高危险,并且因此应在切除后用辅助化学疗法或在切除前使用新辅助化学疗法进行治疗。本公开内容提供了通过测定患者样品中的基因拷贝数对处于更高危险的那些早期患者的预后鉴定。
因此,在一个方面,该方法包含预测就肺癌治疗的患者中的疾病后果的方法。提供了其为来自患者的生物学样品的测试样品,并且测定测试样品中关于所选癌症后果标记的拷贝数。来自测试样品的拷贝数针对基线拷贝数2进行比较,从而测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在。基于测试样品中关于所选癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,当与在不具有关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的患者中疾病后果的基线测量比较时,将患者鉴定为具有不良疾病后果的危险增加。关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在,即由于扩增大于2,或由于缺少小于2的拷贝数,预测不良疾病后果。不良疾病后果是当与在癌症后果标记中不具有拷贝数变化的患者的总体存活时间比较时减少的总体存活时间,和当与在癌症后果标记中不具有拷贝数变化的患者的复发时间比较时更短的复发时间中的至少一个。该方法还包含预测就肺癌治疗的患者中的治疗后果的方法,其中基于癌症后果标记中的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,当与在癌症后果标记中不具有拷贝数变化的患者的总体存活时间比较时,做出关于患者是具有减少的总体存活时间还是更短的复发时间的更高危险的测定。
在任何方法中,癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其扩增产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数增益,其中拷贝数增益与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记包括Chr 19,34.7Mb-35.6 Mb;Chr 19,38.9-40.7 Mb;Chr 17,69.2-71.3 Mb;Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb;Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb;Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb;Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb;Chr 6,39.1-39.9 Mb;Chr11,64.8-65.7 Mb;Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb;Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb;Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb;Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb;Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb;Chr 8,6.9-8.8 Mb;Chr 2,159.9-161.4Mb;Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb;Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb;Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb;和Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb。可替代地,癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其缺失产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数丧失,其中拷贝数丧失与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记包括Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb;Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb;Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb;Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb;Chr5,50.7-52.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb;Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb;Chr 9,28.1 Mb;Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb;Chr5,60.8-62.9 Mb;Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb;Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb;Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb;Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb;Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb;Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb;Chr 14,27.6-28.6Mb;Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb;Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb;Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb;Chr 4,81.4-83.2Mb;Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb;Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb;和Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb。
该方法还可以应用于选择用于患有肺癌的患者的治疗的问题。例如,该方法可以包括基于来自患者的样品中癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在,确定化学疗法治疗方案。基于步骤c)中的比较,确定治疗方案的步骤包括例如当对于癌症后果标记存在拷贝数变化时,选择化学治疗剂且测定化学疗法治疗的频率。例如,个别患者中癌症后果标记的不利拷贝数变化指示对于治疗是抗性的肺癌,取决于如本文描述的标记,所述不利拷贝数变化可以是拷贝数增益或丧失。在此类情况下,治疗提供者可能希望考虑比通常的化学疗法治疗方案更攻击性的,包括使用更强的化学治疗剂或更频繁的化学疗法治疗或两者。
相应地,该方法还可以用于将患者分类为具有对于治疗是抗性的肺癌。例如,考虑到拷贝变化存在于来自患者的样品中的测定,将患者分类为具有对于进一步治疗是抗性的肺癌。患者可以是目前经历用化学疗法、放射、手术或其任何组合的治疗,或可以是目前在关于化学疗法、放射、手术治疗或其任何组合中的任何一种的考虑下。
测定步骤(b)可以例如使用原位杂交执行,且更优选地,用荧光标记的核酸探针或包含核酸类似物的荧光标记的探针的荧光原位杂交(FISH)。优选地,使用至少2种核酸探针。可以使用肽核酸探针。测定步骤(b)还可以通过如本领域已知的聚合酶链反应、核酸测序测定或核酸微阵列测定执行。
早期NSCLC的测试优选对得自患者的合适生物学样品完成,优选通过原位杂交。一般而言,原位杂交包括步骤:固定生物学样品,使一种或多种染色体探针与固定样品内含有的靶DNA杂交,洗涤以去除非特异性结合的探针,且检测杂交的探针。原位杂交还可以在液体悬液中用来自生物学样品的样品细胞执行,随后为通过流式细胞术检测。该方法优选使用具有2个探针组的FISH测定,所述探针组包含对于标记区域特异性的探针,以评价来自患者的生物学样品中的染色体拷贝数异常。用于根据本公开内容使用的优选FISH探针包含对于癌症后果标记核苷酸序列特异性的一对探针,其可以包括核苷酸序列的任何部分。
NSCLC预后的鉴定还可以与其他预后体外诊断测定一起使用,例如评价在患者样品中已知在标记区域中编码的合适蛋白质的表达。其样品发现具有与异常染色体拷贝数模式(其与不利后果(预后不良)相关)结合的此类蛋白质表达的患者对于更攻击性的手术后治疗例如化学治疗可以是合格的。
一般地,对于肺癌患者,生物学样品是组织样品,例如含有循环肿瘤细胞的外周血样品、或肺肿瘤组织活组织检查或切除。其他合适的组织样品包括例如薄层细胞学样品、细针抽吸物样品、肺洗涤样品、胸腔积液样品、新鲜冷冻组织样品、石蜡包埋的组织样品或由外周血样品中的任何产生的提取物或加工的样品。优选地,根据一般公认的分期实践,例如使用病理期,已将样品分类为早期癌症,例如IA期、IB期、IIA期或IIB期中的任何。
根据本文描述的癌症后果标记的多核苷酸序列构建的探针可以用于多种测定方法中,以提供多个类型的分析。例如,此类探针可以用于荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术中,以执行染色体分析,包括拷贝数概况分析,并且用于鉴定癌症后果标记中的癌症特异性拷贝数变化。探针还可以用放射性同位素、可直接或间接检测的半抗原或荧光分子进行标记,并且用于原位杂交研究,以评价组织样品或细胞中癌症后果标记的拷贝数。
探针与靶多核苷酸序列选择性结合,其是如本文描述的癌症后果标记的序列的至少一部分,即在特定个体中扩增的染色体区域。本文提供的癌症后果标记的核苷酸序列或其任何部分可以用于产生探针,其可以用于多个测定中用于测试样品中的拷贝数概况分析。可以由目的癌症后果标记的保守核苷酸区域、或由目的癌症后果标记的非保守核苷酸区域或其任何部分包括其中含有的基因及其部分设计探针。用于在测定中最佳化的此类探针的设计在按程序操作者的技术内。一般地,当需要最大限度特异性时,核酸探针由非保守或独特区域发展,并且当测定与例如多基因家族或相关物种如小鼠和人中的不同成员紧密相关的核苷酸区域时,核酸探针由保守区域发展。
聚合酶链反应(PCR)是用于扩增核酸或其混合物中含有的所需核酸序列(靶)的技术。在PCR中,一对引物以过量采用,以与靶核酸的互补链杂交。引物各自使用靶核酸作为模板通过聚合酶延伸。在从原始靶链解离后,延伸产物变成靶序列自身。新引物随后杂交且通过聚合酶延伸,并且重复该循环以几何增加靶序列分子的数目。PCR公开于引入本文作为参考的美国专利号4,683,195和4,683,202中。
连接酶链反应(LCR)是用于核酸扩增的可替代方法。在LCR中,使用包括2种初级(第一种和第二种)和2种次级(第三种和第四种)探针的探针对,其全部以对于靶的摩尔过量采用。第一种探针与靶链的第一个区段杂交,并且第二种探针与靶链的第二个区段杂交,第一个和第二个区段这样邻接,从而使得初级探针以5'磷酸-3'羟基关系彼此毗邻,并且从而使得连接酶可以将2种探针共价融合或连接成融合产物。此外,第三种(次级)探针可以与第一种探针的部分杂交,并且第四种(次级)探针可以以相似毗邻方式与第二种探针的部分杂交。当然,如果靶最初是双链的,那么次级探针还将与第一种情况下的靶互补体杂交。一旦初级探针的连接链与靶链分开,它就与第三种和第四种探针杂交,其可以连接以形成互补的次级连接产物。重要的是认识到连接的产物在功能上等价于靶或其互补体。通过杂交和连接的反复循环,达到靶序列的扩增。这种技术在1989年6月16日公开的给予K. Backman的EP-A-320 308和1991年7月31日公开的给予K. Backman等人的EP-A-439 182中更全面地描述,所述2个专利引入本文作为参考。
对于mRNAs的扩增,在本公开内容的范围内的是:将mRNA逆转录成cDNA,随后为聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR);或使用单一酶用于2个步骤,如引入本文作为参考的美国专利号5,322,770中描述的;或将mRNA逆转录成cDNA,随后为不对称缺口连接酶链反应(RT-AGLCR),如由同样引入本文作为参考的R. L. Marshall等人,PCR Methods and Applications 4:80-84(1994)中描述的。
染色体探针。用于原位杂交技术的合适探针落入下列3个宽泛组:染色体计数探针,其与染色体区域杂交且指示染色体的存在或不存在;染色体臂探针,其与染色体区域杂交且指示染色体的臂的存在或不存在;和基因座特异性探针,其与染色体上的特异性基因座杂交且检测特异性基因座的存在或不存在。当在该方法中使用时,就灵敏度和/或特异性选择染色体探针及其组合。探针组可以包括任何数目的探针,例如至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15或20种探针。个别探针和探针组的选择可以根据本领域常规执行,例如如其完整公开内容引入本文作为参考的US 20060063194中所述。此类选择方法利用区分和/或组合分析,以选择对于癌症后果标记的拷贝数概况分析有用的探针和探针组。
根据本公开内容用于检测异常拷贝数模式(非整倍体性(aneusomy)或多体性)的用于在原位杂交方法中使用的合适探针是可与标记序列的部分杂交的染色体计数探针和染色体基因座特异性探针的组合,其中每种探针进行标记以彼此区分。如本领域众所周知的,染色体计数探针可以与重复序列杂交,其定位接近着丝粒或从着丝粒中迁移,或可以与定位于染色体上的任何位置上的独特序列杂交。例如,染色体计数探针可以与重复DNA杂交,所述重复DNA与染色体的着丝粒结合。灵长类动物染色体的着丝粒含有DNA的长串联重复的复杂家族,所述DNA包含约171个碱基对的单体重复长度,其称为α-卫星DNA。特异性染色体计数探针的非限制性例子是SpectrumGreenTM CEP® 10探针(Abbott Molecular,Inc.,Des Plaines,Illinois)。例如,染色体19计数探针与基因座特异性探针一起用于检测在Chr19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb上的拷贝数异常,例如以测定其中含有的基因座的缺失和/或多体性状态。基因座特异性探针与染色体上的特异性、非重复基因座杂交。合适的探针包括例如任何基因的至少部分,对于其标记序列包括编码基因的核苷酸序列。基因座特异性探针在例如与Vysis CEP® 10 SpectrumGreen探针混合的探针组中从Abbott MolecularInc.商购可得。
与着丝粒DNA杂交的探针从Abbott Molecular Inc.(Des Plaines,IL)和Molecular Probes,Inc.(Eugene,OR)商购可得。可替代地,探针可以使用众所周知的技术非商业制备。用于在构建DNA探针中使用的DNA的来源包括基因组DNA、克隆的DNA序列例如细菌人工染色体(BAC)、含有人染色体的一个或部分连同宿主的正常染色体互补体的体细胞杂交物、和通过流式细胞术或显微解剖纯化的染色体。目的区域可以通过克隆或通过位点特异性扩增经由聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行分离。参见例如,Nath等人,BiotechnicHistochem,1998,73(1):6-22;Wheeless等人,Cytometry,1994,17:319-327;和美国专利号5,491,224。用于制造有用的基因座特异性探针的起始人DNA可以这样获得,从人基因组数据库例如由University of California Santa Cruz维持的那种中获得关于基因座的核酸序列,并且随后使用那个序列在计算机芯片上筛选BAC人DNA文库,例如由Roswell ParkCancer Center或Invitrogen维持的那种,以鉴定有用的BAC克隆。还可以使用合成的寡聚DNA探针或由核酸类似物制备的探针,例如肽核酸(PNA)探针。
根据本公开内容通过探针检测的染色体区域的大小可以在大小方面不同,例如从短的数百个碱基对探针序列到900,000个碱基的大区段。直接标记的基因座特异性探针在复杂性中优选是至少100,000个碱基,并且如引入本文作为参考的美国专利号5,756,696中公开的,使用未标记的封闭核酸,以避免探针的非特异性结合。还可以使用未标记的、合成的寡聚核酸或未标记的核酸类似物,例如肽核酸作为封闭核酸。
染色体探针可以含有任何检测部分,当与染色体杂交时,其促进探针的检测。有效的检测部分包括如本文描述的直接和间接标记。可检测标记的例子包括荧光团(即在吸收光后发荧光的有机分子)、放射性同位素(例如32P和3H)和生色团(例如产生可视觉检测的标记的酶促标记)。荧光团是优选的,并且可以通过用标准技术例如切口平移、随机引发和PCR标记将标记的核苷酸掺入探针内,在与核苷酸共价附着后直接标记。可替代地,在探针内的脱氧胞苷核苷酸可以用接头进行转氨基。荧光团随后可以与转氨基的脱氧胞苷核苷酸共价附着。参见例如,引入本文作为参考的给予Bittner等人的美国专利号5,491,224。有用的探针标记技术在引入本文作为参考的Molecular Cytogenetics:Protocols andApplications,Y.-S. Fan,编辑,第2章,"Labeling Fluorescence In SituHybridization Probes for Genomic Targets",L. Morrison等人,第21-40页,HumanaPress,© 2002中描述。
可以在本文描述的方法中使用的荧光团的例子是:7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素-3-乙酸(AMCA),Texas Red™(Molecular Probes,Inc.,Eugene,OR);5-(和-6)-羧基-X-罗丹明、丽丝胺罗丹明B,5-(和-6)-羧基荧光素;5-异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC);7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-羧酸,四甲基罗丹明-5-(和-6-)异硫氰酸;5-(和-6-)羧基四甲基罗丹明;7-羟基香豆素-3-羧酸;6-[荧光素5-(和-6-)甲酰胺]己酸;N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-bora-3a,4a二氮杂-3-茚烯丙酸;5-异硫氰酸曙红;5-异硫氰酸赤藓红;5-(和-6-)羧基罗丹明6G;和Cascade™蓝色乙酰叠氮化物(acetylazide)(Molecular Probes,Inc.,Eugene,OR)。在优选探针组中,使用不同颜色的荧光团,从而使得组中的每种染色体探针可以清楚显现。
在杂交后,探针可以用荧光显微镜和用于每种荧光团的合适滤波器,或通过使用双重或三重带通滤波器组进行显现,以观察多重荧光团。参见例如,引入本文作为参考的给予Bittner等人的美国专利号5,776,688。任何合适的显微镜成像方法可以用于显现杂交的探针,包括自动化数字成像系统,例如从MetaSystems或Applied Imaging可获得的那些。可替代地,技术例如流式细胞术可以用于检查染色体探针的杂交模式。
探针还可以例如通过本领域众所周知的方法用生物素或地高辛进行间接标记。然而,随后需要次级检测分子或进一步加工以显现标记的探针。例如,用生物素标记的探针可以通过与可检测标记例如荧光团缀合的抗生物素蛋白(例如链霉抗生物素蛋白)进行检测。另外,抗生物素蛋白可以与酶促标记例如碱性磷酸酶或辣根过氧化物酶缀合。此类酶促标记可以在标准比色反应中使用用于酶的底物进行检测。用于碱性磷酸酶的底物包括5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸和硝基蓝四唑。二氨基联苯胺可以用作用于辣根过氧化物酶的底物。
对于该方法有用的探针和探针组可以与其他试剂一起包装到在执行如本文描述的方法中使用的试剂盒内。
优选的探针组。示例性探针组合物包含直接标记的DNA FISH探针的混合物。例如,此类探针组将包括Vysis SpectrumOrange探针和Vysis SpectrumGreen探针。合适的探针组在合适的杂交缓冲液中预混合商购可得。
样品的制备。生物学样品是含有细胞或细胞材料的样品,包括来自患者样品的含细胞提取物。例如,肺样品一般是衍生自肺结构的细胞或细胞材料,所述肺结构包括但不限于肺实质、细支气管、小支气管、支气管和气管。对于检测肺癌有用的生物学样品的非限制性例子包括支气管样品、切除的肺组织、肺活组织检查和唾液样品。支气管样品的例子包括支气管分泌物、洗涤液、灌洗液、抽吸物和刷洗物。肺活组织检查可以通过包括手术、支气管镜检查、细针抽吸(FNA)和经胸针吸活组织检查的方法获得。在一个例子中,触摸制备物可以由肺活组织检查进行制备。本发明测定还可以对衍生自来自早期NSCLC患者的血液样品的循环肿瘤细胞样品执行。循环肿瘤细胞样品可以使用可从Immunicon获得的免疫磁性分离技术进行制备。
组织可以用固定剂例如甲醛进行固定且随后包埋在石蜡中。随后使用切片机切割切片并且应用于显微镜载玻片。细胞学样品可以由衍生自FNA的细胞悬液、支气管洗涤液、支气管灌洗液或唾液或散布的组织细胞进行制备。细胞学样品可以通过下述进行制备:与细胞离心组合的在乙醇或甲醇:乙酸中固定细胞、薄层沉积方法(例如ThinPrep,CytycCorp.)、涂片或吸取到显微镜载玻片上。此外,生物学样品可以包括渗出液例如胸腔积液、心包积液或腹膜积液。
杂交方法。可以使用任何合适的原位杂交方法。在原位杂交前,使染色体探针和细胞内含有的染色体DNA各自变性。如果染色体探针制备为单链核酸,那么不需要探针的变性。变性一般在高pH、热(例如约70℃ - 约95℃的温度)、有机溶剂例如甲酰胺和卤化四烷基铵或其组合的存在下通过温育执行。例如,染色体DNA可以通过超过70℃的温度(例如约73℃)和含有70%甲酰胺和2X SSC(0.3M氯化钠和0.03 M柠檬酸钠)的变性缓冲液的组合进行变性。变性条件一般这样建立,从而使得细胞形态得到保存。例如,染色体探针可以通过热例如通过使探针加热至约73℃约5分钟进行变性。
在变性化学制品或条件去除后,在杂交条件下使探针对染色体DNA退火。“杂交条件”是促进探针和靶染色体DNA之间的退火的条件。取决于探针的浓度、碱基组成、复杂性和长度,以及盐浓度、温度和温育时长,杂交条件不同。例如,原位杂交一般在含有1-2.X.SSC、50-55%甲酰胺、杂交加速剂(例如10%硫酸葡聚糖)和未标记的封闭DNA的杂交缓冲液中执行,以抑制非特异性杂交。一般而言,如上所述,杂交条件包括约25℃ - 约55℃的温度,和约0.5小时-约96小时的温育时长。更具体而言,杂交可以在约32℃ - 约45℃执行约2-约16小时。
染色体探针与靶区域外的DNA的非特异性结合可以通过用盐溶液的一系列洗涤得到去除。在每次洗涤中的温度和盐浓度取决于所需严格性。例如,对于高严格性条件,洗涤可以在约65℃ - 约80℃执行,使用0.2.X - 约2.X.SSC,和约0.1%- 约1%非离子型去垢剂例如Nonidet P-40(NP40)。严格性可以通过降低洗涤温度或通过增加洗涤中的盐浓度得到降低。
探针与组织样品的杂交可以手动或借助于仪器执行,例如ThermoBrite杂交炉、VP2000 Processor或XMatrixTM加工仪器(都从Abbott Molecular,Inc.商购可得)。
细胞的预选择。细胞样品可以通过多种方法和使用多种标准进行初步评价。本文描述的探针和方法并不限于关于特定筛选方法的使用。一个例子是“筛选方法”,其中观察者就细胞学异常扫描数百到数千个细胞,例如如用DAPI滤波器显现的。评估的细胞数目将取决于样品的细胞性,其从患者到患者不等。与发育不良和瘤性细胞通常但不总是相关的细胞学异常包括核扩大、核不规则和异常DAPI染色(通常在颜色中是杂色且更亮的)。在扫描步骤中,观察者优选将就染色体异常(如通过FISH证实的)的细胞评价集中于同样显示出细胞学异常的那些细胞。此外,可以评价不具有明显细胞学异常的细胞比例,因为染色体异常也在不存在细胞学异常的情况下出现。这种扫描方法在引入本文作为参考的给予Halling等人的美国专利号6,174,681进一步详细描述。使用引入本文作为参考的Morrison等人的美国专利公开2003/0087248 A1中所述的方法,可以选择肺癌细胞用于评价。
还可以使用常规染料例如含有苏木精和曙红的染料选择样品的区域用于评价。例如,病理学家可以用苏木精/曙红染料染色石蜡包埋样品的切片,通过组织形态和染色模式将区域鉴定为可能癌性的,且用毡尖墨水笔或玻璃划线描绘那个区域的轮廓。标记的区域随后用玻璃划线转移至在石蜡包埋样品的连续切片上的相应位置,并且在那个载玻片上执行FISH。在划线区域内的细胞随后就FISH信号进行评价。
染色体异常的分类模式的检测。异常细胞特征在于染色体拷贝数异常的一个或多个模式的存在。通过检查细胞中染色体探针的杂交模式(例如关于每种探针的信号数目),且记录信号数目,评估在患者样品中的细胞中的拷贝数异常模式的存在。非整倍体性一般意指完整染色体或染色体上的基因座的异常拷贝数。异常拷贝数包括常染色体的单体性(一个拷贝)和缺对性(零拷贝),也称为缺失,和大于2个拷贝,其对于特定染色体基因座有时称为基因扩增(可替代地,扩增保留用于其中基因拷贝数超过它在其中含有的染色体的拷贝数的情况)。然而,石蜡包埋的样品的切片(一般4-6 μm)可以导致细胞核的平截,从而使得对于某些细胞的FISH信号数目/细胞将略微低于完整核中的实际拷贝数。在如本文描述的方法中,测定关于每种探针的特定FISH探针杂交信号的绝对数,并且随后用于多种比率比较中。
测试样品可以包含对于临床诊断足够的任何数目的细胞,并且在优选的石蜡包埋的组织样品中,杂交模式一般在约20-约200个细胞中进行评估。优选在约40-约120个细胞/样品中评估杂交模式。
本公开内容因此描述了可以解决公认的治疗困境的新发现(癌症后果标记的DNA拷贝数变化),其通过提供测定具有早期疾病的哪些患者处于疾病复发或转移的最高危险中并且应由药物(或可替代方案如放射)治疗进行决定性治疗的方法,以使其长期存活的机率达到最大。进而,本公开内容描述了致使特异性DNA测试成为可能的发现,所述特异性DNA测试检测许多癌症后果标记中的任何一种中的染色体拷贝数变化。因此,当关于拷贝数变化的测试是阴性的或存在正常拷贝数时,这鉴定具有疾病复发或转移的低危险或无危险的患者,其在其最初肿瘤切除后不需要随访治疗。这些测试策略可以显著影响具有早期NSCLC的患者中的发病率和死亡率。本文使用的方法还暗示对于其他癌症的应用,以类似地检测癌症后果标记的DNA拷贝数增益,所述癌症后果标记与疾病进展的时间和/或总体存活显著相关。像这样,本文描述的方法具有解决哪些早期NSCLC患者应在手术后接受药物治疗的问题的潜力,并且可以广泛影响癌症治疗决定和患者后果。
试剂盒。在一个方面,本公开内容提供了包含用于测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在的试剂的试剂盒。试剂盒包括关于使用试剂以执行测试的说明书。测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在的试剂可以包括例如可检测标记的多核苷酸,其与癌症后果标记的至少部分杂交。多核苷酸(探针)可以就例如与癌症后果标记的任何部分杂交的序列进行选择。癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其扩增产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数增益,其中拷贝数增益与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记可以选自Chr 19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb;Chr 19,38.9-40.7 Mb;Chr 17,69.2-71.3 Mb;Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb;Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb;Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb;Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb;Chr6,39.1-39.9 Mb;Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb;Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb;Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb;Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb;Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb;Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb;Chr 8,6.9-8.8Mb;Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb;Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb;Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb;Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb;和Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb。相反,癌症后果标记可以是染色体DNA的区域,其缺失产生癌症后果标记的拷贝数丧失,其中拷贝数丧失与不良疾病后果相关。此类癌症后果标记可以选自Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb;Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb;Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb;Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb;Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb;Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb;Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb;Chr 9,28.1 Mb;Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb;Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb;Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb;Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb;Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb;Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb;Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb;Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb;Chr14,27.6-28.6 Mb;Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb;Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb;Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb;Chr4,81.4-83.2 Mb;Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb;Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb;和Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb。相应地,探针可以就例如与任何列出标记的任何部分杂交的序列进行选择,包括如本文其他地方所示的其中编码的任何基因的任何部分。
本公开内容的细节在下述实施例中进一步描述,所述实施例不预期限制如请求保护的本发明的范围。本领域技术人员应认识到在审阅本说明书后,本发明的变化和修饰可以是显而易见的。因此目的是提供本文描述的实施方案的此类修饰和变化,而不背离本发明的范围或精神。
实施例
实施例1:NSCLC患者样品的分析
实验方法:样品。使用高密度SNP基因分型微阵列(Affymetrix的100K阵列组),总共178个NSCLC临床注解的样品就拷贝数改变进行概况分析。将所有样品小心分开,以使肿瘤/正常组织比达到最大,且验证组织病理学类型和分期。仅分析来自具有I和II期样品的患者的样品。所有这些来自用手术切除治疗而无任何随访或新辅助化学疗法的患者。对于每个患者收集的临床信息包括种族、年龄、出生日期、性别、临床分期、病理期、位置、手术操作(SP)日期、组织学、分化、诊断日期、结节阳性、吸烟状态、化学疗法状态、放射状态、复发状态、复发日期、复发位置、复发时间、末次随访日期、在末次随访时的状态、活的/死的、总体存活和死因。选择复发时间(TTR)和总体存活(OS)作为后果参数。其他临床参数(结节状态、分期等)视为混杂变量。肺癌的复发时间和总体存活时间得自病例表(patient chart)。
表2和3分别提供了关于研究的患者群组的总体存活和总复发时间的数字。
表2:OS
表3:TTR
拷贝数概况分析:来自每个肿瘤的约30 mg组织用于提取高分子量、基因组DNA,其使用Qiagen DNAeasy试剂盒(Qiagen,Valencia,CA),遵循通过制造商的说明书。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检查DNA的质量。将250纳克DNA加工用于与2个微阵列各自杂交,包含GenechipHuman Mapping 100K组(Matsuzaki H,Dong S,Loi H,等人 Genotyping over 100,000SNPs on a pair of oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Methods 2004;1:109-11)-阵列(Affymetrix,Inc.,Santa Clara,CA),其涵盖人基因组中的116,204个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)基因座,具有23.6 kb的平均标记间距离。微阵列根据制造商(www.affymetrix.com)的建议进行加工。拷贝数通过比较芯片信号与48个正常女性样品的平均值进行计算。通过QC去除具有正常组织污染的样品。
统计方法。单变量分析用于测试作为潜在混杂因素的下述参数:病理期、临床分期、吸烟状态、年龄、性别、结节状态、组织学(腺癌与鳞状细胞癌比较)。未检测到显著效应。在存活分析中,测试临床分期和标记区域的相互作用。无拷贝数异常与分期具有显著相互作用(FDR p值<0.05)。
结果:仅分析具有I-II期疾病的患者。图1-28各自是显示在含和不含如所示的所选标记扩增(即至少一个的拷贝数增益)的患者之间在OS或TTR中的差异的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。图29-60各自是显示在含和不含如所示的所选标记缺失(即至少一个的拷贝数丧失)的患者之间在OS或TTR中的差异的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。在所有图1-60中,x轴代表以天表示的时间,并且y轴代表患者存活(对于OS)或无疾病复发(对于TTR)的患者的概率。无论何时出现有关事件(对于OS的死亡,或对于TTR的疾病复发),曲线下降。在所有图1-60中,上线总是显示来自具有正常基线互补体2的患者的数据。在图1-28中,关于对于标记具有拷贝数增益的患者的数据以红色显示,并且对于具有正常基线互补体2的患者的数据以绿色显示。在图29-60中,关于具有正常基线互补体2的患者的数据总是显示在上线中,在某些图中以绿色显示(图29、30、35、37-40、43、44、47、50、55-57和60),并且在其他图中以红色显示(图31-34、36、41、42、45、46、48、49、51-54、58和59),而关于对于标记具有拷贝数丧失的患者的数据在特定图中以蓝色显示(图29、30、35、37-40、43、44、47、50、55-57和60),并且在其他图中以绿色显示(图31-34、36、41、42、45、46、48、49、51-54、58和59)。更具体而言,图如下显示结果:
图1是显示对于通过Chr19,34.7 Mb-35.6 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记1]。FDR调整的p值= 0.0299。17个样品:3个拷贝,3个样品:4个拷贝,7个样品:5个或更多个拷贝。
图2是显示对于通过Chr 19;38.9-40.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记2]。FDR p值= 0.0085。17个样品:3个拷贝,3个样品:4个拷贝,4个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图3是显示对于通过Chr 17;69.2-71.3 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记3]。FDR p值= 0.0304。16个样品:3个拷贝,5个样品:4个拷贝。
图4是显示对于通过Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的71患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记4]。FDR p值= 0.0116。15个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝,1个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图5是显示对于通过Chr 6,70.8-71.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记4]。FDR p值= 0.0110。15个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝,1个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图6是显示对于通过Chr 12,93.7 kb-1.9Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记5]。FDR p值= 0.0493。5个样品:3个拷贝,5个样品:4个拷贝,1个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图7是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记6]。FDR p值= 0.0413。9个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图8是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.3-64.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记6]。FDR p值= 0.0040。9个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图9是显示对于通过Chr 19,57.0-62.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记7]。FDR p值= 0.0091。10个样品:3个拷贝,3个样品:4个拷贝。
图10是显示对于通过Chr 6,39.1-39.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记8]。FDR p值= 0.0356。13个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝。
图11是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记9]。FDR p值= 0.0484。5个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图12是显示对于通过Chr 11,64.8-65.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记9]。FDR p值= 0.0004。5个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:>=5个拷贝。
图13是显示对于通过Chr 11,61.4-64.3 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记10]。FDR p值= 0.0004;8个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝。
图14是显示对于通过Chr 17,51.5-53.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记11]。FDR p值= 0.0054。8个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝。
图15是显示对于通过Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记12]。FDR p值= 0.0269。4个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:4个拷贝。
图16是显示对于通过Chr 17,43.5-44.9 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记12]。FDR p值= 0.0040。5个样品:3个拷贝,2个样品:4个拷贝。
图17是显示对于通过Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记13]。FDR p值= 0.0210。7个样品:3个拷贝。
图18是显示对于通过Chr 2,147.6-151.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记13]。FDR p值= 0.0233。7个样品:3个拷贝。
图19是显示对于通过Chr 6,123.7-135.6 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记14]。FDR p值= 0.0377。7个样品:3个拷贝。
图20是显示对于通过Chr 8,6.9-8.8 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记15]。FDR p值= 0.0166。7个样品:3个拷贝。
图21是显示对于通过Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记16]。FDR p值= 0.0013。4个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝。
图22是显示对于通过Chr 2,159.9-161.4 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记16]。FDR p值= 0.0001。4个样品:3个拷贝,1个样品:4个拷贝。
图23是显示对于通过Chr 2,200.9-204.2 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记17]。FDR p值= 0.0398。6个样品:3个拷贝。
图24是显示对于通过Chr 6,36.3-36.7 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记18]。FDR p值= 0.0347。6个样品:3个拷贝。
图25是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。FDR p值= 0.04。5个样品:3个拷贝。
图26是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的66患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。FDR p值= 0.0351。6个样品:3个拷贝。
图27是显示对于通过Chr 2,205.9-208.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记19]。FDR p值= 0.0075。5个样品:3个拷贝。
图28是显示对于通过Chr 1,109.5-111.1 Mb中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ib-IIb期的71患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[标记20]。FDR p值= 0.0224。5个样品:3个拷贝。
图29是显示对于通过Chr 5,62.9-67.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记1]。FDR p值= 0.0282。在10个样品中缺失。
图30是显示对于通过Chr 5,53.3-53.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记2]。FDR p值= 0.0409。在12个样品中缺失。
图31是显示对于通过Chr 4,105.8-107.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记3]。FDR p值= 0.0469。在21个样品中缺失。
图32是显示对于通过Chr 16,45.8-46.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记4]。FDR p值= 0.0039。在11个样品中缺失。
图33是显示对于通过Chr 5,50.7-52.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记5]。FDR p值= 0.0000。在10个样品中缺失。
图34是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记6]。FDR p值= 0.0202。在7个样品中缺失。
图35是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记6]。FDR p值= 0.0282。在10个样品中缺失。
图36是显示对于通过Chr 9,36.1-37.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记7]。FDR p值= 0.0468。在24个样品中缺失。
图37是显示对于通过Chr 5,94.2-96.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记8]。FDR p值= 0.0282。在10个样品中缺失。
图38是显示对于通过Chr14,51.1-52.8 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记9]。FDR p值= 0.0008。在9个样品中缺失。
图39是显示对于通过Chr 14,61.5-68.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记10]。FDR p值= 0.0034。在9个样品中缺失。
图40是显示对于通过Chr 9,28.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记11]。FDR p值= 0.0270。在9个样品中缺失。
图41是显示对于通过Chr 4,43.7-44.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记12]。FDR p值= 0.0053。在8个样品中缺失。
图42是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。FDR p值= 0.0121。在7个样品中缺失。
图43是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。FDR p值= 0.0425。在8个样品中缺失。
图44是显示对于通过Chr 5,60.8-62.9 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记13]。FDR p值= 0.0320。在8个样品中缺失。
图45是显示对于通过Chr 3,120.0-121.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记14]。FDR p值= 0.0228。在8个样品中缺失。
图46是显示对于通过Chr 4,46.2-48.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记15]。FDR p值= 0.0341。在8个样品中缺失。
图47是显示对于通过Chr 14,38.9-40.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记16]。FDR p值= 0.0451。在8个样品中缺失。
图48是显示对于通过Chr 4,44.2-44.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记17]。FDR p值= 0.0053。在7个样品中缺失。
图49是显示对于通过Chr 2,213.7-214.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记18]。FDR p值= 0.0286。在7个样品中缺失。
图50是显示对于通过Chr14,43.9-46.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记19]。FDR p值= 0.0009。在6个样品中缺失。
图51是显示对于通过Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记20]。FDR p值= 0.0021。在6个样品中缺失。
图52是显示对于通过Chr 14,27.6-28.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记20]。FDR p值= 0.0101。在5个样品中缺失。
图53是显示对于通过Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记21]。FDR p值= 0.0316。在6个样品中缺失。
图54是显示对于通过Chr 3,98.0-98.3 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的74患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记21]。FDR p值= 0.0416。在5个样品中缺失。
图55是显示对于通过Chr14,55.2-60.0 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记22]。FDR p值= 0.0345。在6个样品中缺失。
图56是显示对于通过Chr14,48.7-51.1 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记23]。FDR p值= 0.0006。在5个样品中缺失。
图57是显示对于通过Chr 4,81.4-83.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的97患者群组,以天表示的复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记24]。FDR p值= 0.0047。在5个样品中缺失。
图58是显示对于通过Chr 10,51.9-54.2 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记25]。FDR p值= 0.0067。在5个样品中缺失。
图59是显示对于通过Chr 5,55.2-58.6 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIa期的78患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记26]。FDR p值= 0.0130。在5个样品中缺失。
图60是显示对于通过Chr 5,67.8-68.5 Mb中拷贝数丧失(缺失)的存在或不存在分类的,具有NSCLC Ia-IIb期的102患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。[缺失标记27]。FDR p值= 0.0475。在5个样品中缺失。
如由图1-60中的Kaplan-Meier曲线图可见的,特定标记中的拷贝数改变与NSCLCI-II期患者中的短OS和/或更短的TTR相关。表4列出了关于几种标记的总体存活数据。(关于其数据以红色显示的标记在不同临床分期之间共享)。
表4:关于在Chr1、Chr2、Chr6、Chr8、Chr11、Chr12、Chr17和Chr19上的标记的总体存活
表5列出了由每个癌症后果标记序列内的核苷酸序列编码的基因和miRNA。在任何方法中,癌症后果标记可以选自表5中列出的那些。指定“M1”直到“M20”的那些标记各自是染色体DNA的区域,其扩增产生癌症后果标记中的拷贝数增益,其中拷贝数增益与不良疾病后果相关。指定“DM1”直到“DM27”的那些标记各自是染色体DNA的区域,其缺失产生癌症后果标记中的拷贝数丧失,其中拷贝数丧失与不良疾病后果相关。
表5:癌症后果标记及相应基因和miRNA
表6列出了关于每个癌症后果标记的配对物,其使用表5中列出的相同参考数目。所有配对物基于人基因组装配hg18(NCBI Build 36)。
表6:
标记ID | 染色体 | 起始位置 | 终止位置 |
M1 | chr19 | 34722418 | 35643933 |
M2 | chr19 | 38853838 | 40749461 |
M3 | chr17 | 69173224 | 71304619 |
M4 | chr6 | 70761833 | 71144537 |
M5 | chr12 | 93683 | 1867988 |
M6 | chr11 | 64310154 | 64803976 |
M7 | chr19 | 57033283 | 62189738 |
M8 | chr6 | 39088059 | 39850364 |
M9 | chr11 | 64803977 | 65684917 |
M10 | chr11 | 61374252 | 64310153 |
M11 | chr17 | 51532820 | 53211048 |
M12 | chr17 | 43477124 | 44932837 |
M13 | chr2 | 147604021 | 151117679 |
M14 | chr6 | 123724457 | 135574976 |
M15 | chr8 | 6895465 | 8784654 |
M16 | chr2 | 159911944 | 161423883 |
M17 | chr2 | 200924525 | 204245414 |
M18 | chr6 | 36255222 | 36678343 |
M19 | chr2 | 205893481 | 208053624 |
M20 | chr1 | 109538586 | 111118652 |
DM1 | chr9 | 36056899 | 36988415 |
DM2 | chr4 | 105818261 | 107238628 |
DM3 | chr5 | 53264432 | 53790965 |
DM4 | chr16 | 45791880 | 46313827 |
DM5 | chr5 | 50706878 | 52008065 |
DM6 | chr5 | 94204208 | 96112445 |
DM7 | chr5 | 62942847 | 67798156 |
DM9 | chr14 | 51108156 | 52752331 |
DM10 | chr14 | 61456273 | 68632720 |
DM11 | chr9 | 28057491 | 28114180 |
DM12 | chr4 | 43689020 | 44161565 |
DM13 | chr5 | 60797829 | 62942846 |
DM14 | chr3 | 119993321 | 121112610 |
DM15 | chr4 | 46246303 | 47955581 |
DM16 | chr14 | 38939630 | 40021400 |
DM17 | chr4 | 44161566 | 44606114 |
DM18 | chr2 | 213677020 | 214308243 |
DM19 | chr14 | 43899026 | 46591909 |
DM20 | chr14 | 27646449 | 28630571 |
DM21 | chr3 | 97988751 | 98257089 |
DM22 | chr14 | 55249852 | 60045332 |
DM23 | chr14 | 48734855 | 51108156 |
DM24 | chr4 | 81371219 | 83187388 |
DM25 | chr10 | 51929419 | 54199330 |
DM26 | chr5 | 55221121 | 58648144 |
DM27 | chr5 | 67798156 | 68516077 |
与先前鉴定的预测物(表达标记)不同,本文描述的生物标记代表DNA增益和丧失(可通过FISH测量的稳定事件)。FISH探针可以用于致使标记的验证/使用成为可能,并且标记是关于在临床试验中用作分层生物标记的强候选物。它们可以用于例如限定具有不同后果的疾病的分子亚组。像这样,它们可能与药物应答相关。
这些数据指示,使用通过FISH测量的遗传标记的基因组拷贝数评价和利用合适的分类器在早期NSCLC中具有预测重要性。分类器能够产生患者进入有利和不利的复发范畴内的统计上显著分类,所述患者已用手术治疗而无新辅助疗法或随访化学疗法。目前的临床体外诊断测定未提供这个能力。因此,对早期NSCLC活组织检查样品或切除的肿瘤执行的关于列出标记的FISH测定在与辅助治疗相关的决定中看起来是有价值的。
实施例2:使用韩国样品集验证预后标记
为了验证与低分期NSCLC患者的临床后果相关的四十六(46)种生物标记,从在韩国的Samsung Cancer Center收集低分期NSCLC肿瘤组织的另外集合,连同相关临床后果信息。
将所有样品小心分开,以使肿瘤/正常组织比达到最大,且验证组织病理学类型和分期。仅分析来自具有I和II期样品的患者的样品。所有这些来自用手术切除治疗而无任何随访或新辅助化学疗法的患者。对于每个患者收集的临床信息包括年龄、性别、临床分期、病理期、位置、组织学、分化、吸烟状态、化学疗法状态、放射状态、复发状态、复发日期、复发位置、脑转移状态、复发时间、末次随访日期、在末次随访时的状态、活的/死的、总体存活和死因。选择复发时间(TTR)和总体存活(OS)作为后果参数。其他临床参数(结节状态、分期等)视为混杂变量。肺癌的复发时间和总体存活时间得自病例表。表7和8分别提供了关于研究的患者群组的总体存活和总复发时间的数字。
表7:
OS
分期 | 死亡 | 活的(被检查过的) | 总计 |
1a | 0 | 10 | 10 |
1b | 22 | 33 | 55 |
2a | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2b | 6 | 2 | 8 |
总计 | 28 | 45 | 73 |
表8:
TTR
分期 | 复发的 | 无复发(被检查过的) | 总计 |
1a | 0 | 10 | 10 |
1b | 24 | 31 | 55 |
2a | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2b | 6 | 2 | 8 |
总计 | 30 | 43 | 73 |
将样品加工,提取DNA,扩增且与Affymetrix SNP 6.0阵列(Affymetrix,Inc.,Santa Clara,CA)杂交,所述阵列含有超过906,600个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)和超过946,000种探针用于检测拷贝数变动,具有经过所有180万SNP的中值标记间距离和小于700个碱基组合的拷贝数标记。微阵列根据制造商(Affymetrix)的建议进行加工。通过与270个正常对照的HapMap集合比较计算这些肿瘤的拷贝数。使用Partek软件6.09.0310将拷贝数分段。
如图61中所示,验证集合的平均拷贝数显示类似于先前训练数据集的模式,但具有高得多的密度。图61比较在训练和验证数据集之间的平均拷贝数模式。每种标记的对数转化的拷贝数跨越训练(上)和测试(下)集合中的所有样品求平均值,其中0代表正常2个拷贝,并且红色和蓝色分别代表平均的拷贝数增益或丧失。每个点代表阵列上的一个标记,并且x轴代表由染色体1-22排序的基因组位置。
这个实施例中呈现的验证数据基于与生成的100K微阵列数据比较是十八(18)倍的SNPs和CNV标记覆盖,并且用于鉴定诊断标记,并且因此可以鉴定规模更小的拷贝数改变事件。因此,代替计算每种生物标记的拷贝数,计算在这些生物标记内的每种基因的拷贝数,并且随后与患者的总体存活或复发时间关联。
在六(6)种不同标记中的总共六十一(61)种基因通过时序检验用低于0.05的p值标准进行验证。基因在表9中列出,其中显著p值通过灰色阴影突出显示。图62-162是显示对于如在每个曲线图上指示的特定基因中拷贝数增益的存在或不存在分类的73患者群组,以天表示的总体存活(OS)或复发时间(TTR)的Kaplan-Meier曲线图。与图1-60的Kaplan-Meier曲线图一样,x轴代表以天表示的时间,并且y轴代表患者存活(对于OS)或无疾病复发(对于TTR)的患者的概率。无论何时出现有关事件(对于OS的死亡,或对于TTR的疾病复发),曲线都下降。当患者失去随访而无相关事件出现时,在水平线中做出标记,指示末次无事件时间。通过比较含和不含生物标记的患者群体中的减少获得p值。
如所述的最终验证的标记数目是相对小的,其可部分归于2个患者群体来自不同人种群的事实。先前大取样在Chicago,Illinois,USA收集,并且包括亚洲人、高加索人、非洲人和西班牙人患者的混合,而验证样品在韩国由同质的亚洲人群收集。此外,2个样品集在不同场所进行加工,对于第一个样品集的Abbott Park,并且对于第二个样品集的Samsung Cancer Center。尽管在2个场所中的样品加工遵循相同提议方案,但潜在系统偏差无法完全排除。另外,2个样品集使用Affymetrix SNPs阵列的不同版本进行测定,在其之间密度相差十八(18)倍。在新阵列中包括的另外探针可以揭示使用更旧版本的SNPs阵列无法观察到的更详细的拷贝数变动事件。
表9:在与NSCLC患者的临床后果相关的鉴定的生物标记内的验证基因
应当理解前述说明书预期举例说明且不限制本发明的范围。本发明的其他方面、优点和修饰在下文阐述的权利要求的预期范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种试剂盒,其包含:
a) 用于测定关于癌症后果标记的拷贝数变化的存在或不存在的试剂,其中所述癌症后果标记选自Chr 5, 62.9 – 67.8 Mb;Chr 5, 53.3 – 53.8 Mb;Chr 4, 105.8 – 107.2Mb;Chr 16, 45.8 – 46.3 Mb;Chr 5, 50.7 – 52.0 Mb;Chr 9, 36.1 – 37.0 Mb;Chr 5,94.2 – 96.1 Mb;Chr14, 51.1 – 52.8 Mb;Chr 14, 61.5 – 68.6 Mb;Chr 9, 28.1 Mb;Chr 4, 43.7 – 44.2 Mb;Chr 5, 60.8 – 62.9 Mb;Chr 3, 120.0 – 121.1 Mb;Chr 4,46.2 – 48.0 Mb;Chr 14, 38.9 – 40.0 Mb;Chr 4, 44.2 – 44.6 Mb;Chr 2, 213.7 –214.3 Mb;Chr14, 43.9 – 46.6 Mb;Chr 14, 27.6 – 28.6 Mb;Chr 3, 98.0 – 98.3 Mb;Chr14, 55.2 – 60.0 Mb;Chr14, 48.7 – 51.1 Mb;Chr 4, 81.4 – 83.2 Mb;Chr 10,51.9 – 54.2 Mb;Chr 5, 55.2 – 58.6 Mb;和Chr 5, 67.8 – 68.5 Mb;和
b) 用于执行所述测试的说明书。
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CN106399506A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
WO2011056489A3 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
CA2777169A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
TW201122480A (en) | 2011-07-01 |
JP6141396B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
MX2012004908A (es) | 2012-06-14 |
CN102656458B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
KR20120093982A (ko) | 2012-08-23 |
CN104232762A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
JP2016119900A (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
US9291625B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
US20160237504A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
CA2777169C (en) | 2018-11-20 |
WO2011056489A2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
EP2494360A2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
US20110105341A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
CN104232762B (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
RU2012121820A (ru) | 2013-12-10 |
CN102656458A (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
KR101918004B1 (ko) | 2018-11-13 |
EP2494360B1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
ES2644277T3 (es) | 2017-11-28 |
AU2010315600A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
IL219405A0 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
BR112012009879A2 (pt) | 2016-11-22 |
JP2017158573A (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
ZA201203010B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US10047403B2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
JP2013507987A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
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