CN107084673B - Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a measurement and detection device and a detection method for the outer diameter and inner diameter of a motor vehicle wheel. The device system mainly includes: a wheel vertical detection platform, a horizontal detection platform, a fine reference support device, a rough reference support device, a conveying platform, a rotary drive The platform device is composed of four laser displacement sensors, namely the laser displacement sensors A and B installed at the end of the crescent plate IV and the laser displacement sensors C and D installed on the wheel vertical detection platform III, respectively. L and △X, and store the scanning measurement value of each unit length of the four laser displacement sensors in the acquisition card, then select the maximum value of the measurement data of each laser displacement sensor, and compare the maximum value data with the calibration data to calculate the wheel The value of outer diameter and inner diameter; then rotate the wheel to drive the device to make it rotate at a certain angle; carry out the above operation again, after measuring three times, take the average value as the measurement value of the outer diameter and inner diameter of the wheel.

Description

A kind of measuring and detecting device and detecting method of outer diameter and inner diameter of motor vehicle wheel

technical field

The invention relates to a measurement and detection device and a detection method for the outer diameter and inner diameter of a motor vehicle wheel, which is an on-line detection system and belongs to the field of machine vision

Background technique

With the development of my country's railway industry, the running speed of high-speed trains continues to increase. Although it brings convenience to people's travel, it also brings huge challenges to the safe operation of railways. As a key component in the moving process of the motor vehicle, the wheel is in direct contact with the track, which directly determines the safety and quality of the vehicle's operation. Wheels are used for the running and steering of vehicles on the track, and the key dimensions of the outer diameter of the wheels are directly related to the safety of motor vehicles. The rapid development of railway acceleration and the high-density operation of vehicles have accelerated the wear rate of wheels. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the quality of wheel manufacturing.

At present, the detection of motor car wheels at home and abroad mostly adopts roller method, outer micrometer measurement, pneumatic method, laser measurement, etc. However, due to the shape of the wheel and the limitation of the measurement position, the measurement of the outer diameter of the wheel is carried out by special wheels. The offline measurement of the outer diameter ruler can neither guarantee the measurement accuracy, nor meet the requirements of continuous production, and the labor intensity of workers is also high. However, the roller method has the problem of slippage. Although the pneumatic method and the laser method can achieve high accuracy, these methods are difficult to implement, require a large amount of maintenance work, and have high costs, which are difficult to popularize and apply in production practice.

For example, 1002 1841 (2011) 01 0095 03 (new multi-directional inner diameter measurement method), in the measurement of large-scale inner diameter, due to the close relationship between the center positioning accuracy and the inner diameter fitting accuracy, the reasonableness of the measurement is ensured by improving the center positioning accuracy. Therefore, the requirements for the positioning accuracy of the center of the mechanism are particularly high. In addition, the central axis often needs to be rotated and measured, and the resulting vibration has a non-negligible effect on the entire measurement process and adversely affects the measurement accuracy.

At present, the camera in the laser image measurement device is mostly used to capture the outer diameter image of the running wheel, so as to directly obtain the contour curve reflecting the outer diameter of the vehicle wheel and measure the parameters related to the outer diameter of the wheel and the outer diameter curve. For example, Chinese patent CN1899904A (On-line detection method and device for moving wheelset size) uses four PSD-based laser displacement sensors to obtain the distance from the end face of the wheel to the laser detector, and then calculates the wheel rim thickness, rim height and wheel diameter. Because the requirements for the installation angle are relatively strict, and the sensor is expensive, it is not conducive to promotion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an on-line detection system for the outer diameter and inner diameter of a motor vehicle wheel. Secondary positioning method; after completing the precise positioning, rely on the self-weight of the positioning arm and the wheel to ensure that the measurement range and the wheel rotation measurement process do not cause wheel position deviation; through the horizontal detection platform movement, use two on the same straight line. The laser displacement sensor scans to obtain the point with the largest diameter without rotating the sensor. In the control system, servo motor control and absolute grating displacement feedback system are used to form a closed-loop control system, which can precisely control the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor and improve the repeatability of the system. The measurement of the outer diameter of the wheel, as well as the measurement of the inner diameter of the motor car, ensures high detection accuracy, high repetitive positioning accuracy and meets the purpose of the production cycle of the enterprise.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the mechanical part of the "motor vehicle wheel outer diameter and inner diameter online detection system" of the present invention is composed of a base, a positioning bracket, a wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform, a wheel (or brake disc) horizontal detection platform, and a wheel. (or brake disc) fine reference support device, wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device, wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform, and wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device. It is characterized in that: a positioning bracket, a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform are installed on the base, and a wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device, a wheel (or brake disc) are installed on the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform. ) The precision reference support device, the wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device is installed under the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform, the wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform is installed on the positioning bracket, the wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform, the wheel (or brake disc) plate) vertical inspection platform.

Working principle: 1. Laser displacement sensors A and B (as shown in Figure 1), horizontally displace a △L along the radial direction of the disc parts, and move from one side of the diameter to the other side (the moving direction in the following figure) ), record the scanning measurement value of each unit length of the two laser displacement sensors A and B in △L in the acquisition card, and add and compare the values measured by the two laser displacement sensors A and B at the same time. Select the minimum value, and then compare it with the measured value of the standard part. Then rotate the disc-like parts by 60 degrees and repeat the above steps again. After multiple measurements, the average value of the minimum value is obtained as the final diameter measurement value.

②. The laser displacement sensors C and D (as shown in Figure 2), horizontally displace a △X along the radial direction of the disc parts, and move from one side of the diameter to the other side (moving direction as shown in the figure below), The scanning measurement value of each unit length of the two laser displacement sensors C and D in △X is recorded in the acquisition card, and the values measured by the two laser displacement sensors C and D at the same time are added and compared, and the maximum value is selected. , and then compare and calculate with the measured value of the standard part. Then repeat the above steps again by rotating the disc parts by 60 degrees. After multiple measurements, the average value of the maximum value is obtained as the final diameter measurement value.

Wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform consists of: Z-axis support frame, U-shaped plate 2, vertical linear guide slide table, "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor, and calibration plate. The U-shaped plate is installed on the Z-axis support frame, the vertical linear guide slide is installed on the U-shaped plate, and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor is connected with the vertical linear guide slide to realize the inner diameter detection; the calibration plate is fixed on the Z-axis support frame , responsible for the calibration of the measurement diameter, to determine the static characteristics of the measurement system, and to eliminate system errors.

The wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform is composed of: laser displacement sensor, Z-axis support frame, crescent plate, sensor positioning plate, single-axis guide block, linear guide rail, level detection platform servo motor, and lead screw pair. The crescent-shaped plate is symmetrically installed on both sides of the Z-axis support frame, the sensor positioning plate is installed at the end of the crescent-shaped plate, and the laser displacement sensor is installed on the sensor positioning plate through a single-axis guide block; the level detection platform servo motor is installed behind the Z-axis support frame , The linear guide on the Z axis is driven by the screw pair, so that the laser displacement sensor moves horizontally, and is responsible for the detection of the outer diameter of the motor car wheel.

The wheel precision reference support device is composed of: a positioning arm, a positioning bracket, a centering shaft, a linear bearing and a cylinder; the positioning arm is connected to the positioning bracket by the shaft to form a positioning arm assembly; the cylinder is installed 20-40mm below the centering shaft and It is fixed on the cylinder head gasket and is responsible for giving a certain force to the centering shaft; the centering shaft is installed on the linear bearing to control the rise or fall of the positioning arm assembly, and is responsible for the positioning of the precise reference of the wheel to be tested; after the precise positioning of the wheel is completed, the positioning arm relies on It is self-weight and falls on its own to ensure that the positioning arm will not interfere with the measurement area.

The wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device is composed of: ① group of profiling blocks, ② group of profiling blocks and rotating parts; ① group of profiling blocks and ② group of profiling blocks are distributed on the rotating part in a rotating array, ① group of profiling blocks The profiling block is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheel, and the ② group of profiling blocks is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheel brake disc.

The wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform is composed of: moving bracket, conveying platform servo motor, lead screw pair, slide rail, and slider. The slide rail is installed on the base I, which is responsible for the motion guidance and support of the platform; the slide block is installed on the slide rail; the slide block is combined with the movable bracket, and the lead screw pair is installed on the bracket and connected to the movable bracket, which is responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; The platform servo motor is mounted on the end of the lead screw.

The wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device is composed of: the rotary drive device geared motor, the rotary base plate, the shaft sleeve, the bearing sleeve, the linear bearing and the sprocket rotation mechanism; the rotary drive device geared motor is installed on the motor support seat, and the motor support seat Relying on the connecting device, it is installed on the shaft sleeve; the linear bearing is connected with the sprocket rotating mechanism, the rotation of the motor drives the sprocket rotating mechanism, and the rotating bottom plate is driven by the linear bearing to make the wheel (or brake disc) of the motor vehicle under test rotate. Responsible for multi-point detection of wheels.

An absolute grating ruler is installed on the wheel level detection platform and the vertical detection platform respectively.

The online detection system is a closed-loop control system composed of PMAC servo motor control and grating displacement feedback system, which is used to precisely control the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor. The control system is divided into four parts, PMAC servo motor control, grating displacement feedback control, PLC. Control and measurement data acquisition system; the industrial computer sends instructions to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends a signal to the servo driver, and then the servo driver controls the wheel level detection platform and vertical detection platform, and the moving distance of the two is measured by the grating ruler And feed back to the PMAC motion control card, and then the control card calculates the compensation amount to realize the precise position control of the mobile platform. Guarantee the high repeatability of the system. The PLC control system controls the cylinder of the wheel (or brake disc) horizontal conveying platform, the servo motor of the wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device, the cylinder and the servo motor of the wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform, and the rotation drive device geared motor. The measurement data acquisition system collects the data of 4 laser displacement sensors through the data acquisition card, namely the left/right meniscus end sensor and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor group.

The specific detection process is as follows:

(1) The wheel or brake disc is hoisted to the rough positioning support device of the equipment through the crane;

(2) The motor on the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to drive the wheels on the platform to move to the designated position;

(3) The cylinder below the designated position pushes the centering shaft to move upward, and the positioning arm opens under the action of the centering shaft to achieve precise positioning of the wheel;

(4) The positioning arm falls down by its own weight and does not interfere with the measurement range;

(5) The vertical linear guide slide table directly above the wheel (or brake disc) moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D to drop to the measurement position a;

(6) The servo motor of the horizontal detection platform drives the detection platform to realize the horizontal movement of the Z-axis support frame, and drives the laser displacement sensors A, B, C, and D installed on the support frame to move together, with 20mm as a moving unit;

(7) Use the above working principle (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2) to obtain the required measurement value, if the deviation of the measurement value is too large, an alarm will be issued;

(8) After completing one detection, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position;

(9) The wheel rotation device drives the wheel to rotate at a certain angle, and the vertical linear guide slide directly above the wheel (or brake disc) moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D to drop to the measurement position a again; repeat the above detection process to achieve multi-point measurement;

(10) After the detection of position a is completed, the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor continues to descend and reaches the measurement position b. According to the measurement process of position a, the detection of position b is completed. After that, the detection of the c position is performed again;

(11) After completing the detection of the three positions, the motor of the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to make the wheel (or brake disc) on the slider return to the initial position.

The positive effect of this new type of experiment is that it only needs to detect the movement of the platform, scan to obtain the point with the largest diameter, and does not need to rotate the sensor. For uncertain items, only through translational movement, the error of the detection process can be reduced, and very high precision requirements can be guaranteed; a reasonable positioning device and positioning arm device are used to ensure that no positional deviation occurs during the measurement process of the wheel (or brake disc). And rely on the self-weight of the positioning arm to achieve the measurement range requirements; the control system adopts servo motor control and absolute grating displacement feedback system to form a closed-loop control system to ensure accurate control of the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor and improve the measurement accuracy of the system; the measurement system uses The 4-point laser displacement sensor adopts the positioning datum that conforms to the actual working conditions to complete the measurement of the outer diameter and inner diameter of different types of motor vehicle wheels, which can ensure high detection accuracy, high repeat positioning accuracy and meet the purpose of enterprise production rhythm.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of scanning A and B of the laser displacement sensor of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of scanning C and D of the laser displacement sensor of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a calibration block dedicated to the detection of the inner diameter of the wheel of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a position view of the scanning section of the inner diameter of the wheel of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the three rotation detection positions of each section during the measurement of the inner and outer diameters of the wheel of the present invention.

6 is an isometric view of the wheel detection mechanical system of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) vertical inspection platform III of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform IV of the present invention.

Figure 9 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device V of the present invention.

Figure 10 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) precision reference support device VI of the present invention.

Figure 11 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII of the present invention.

Figure 12 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device VIII of the present invention.

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the wheel (or brake disc) outer diameter detection principle of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the inner diameter detection of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, the present invention is further described Detailed description: On-line detection system for the outer diameter and inner diameter of motor vehicle wheels, the mechanical system is shown in Figure 6, which consists of base I, positioning bracket II, wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform III, wheel (or brake disc) horizontal Inspection platform Ⅳ, wheel (or brake disc) fine reference support device Ⅴ, wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device Ⅵ, wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform Ⅶ, wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive Device VIII is composed. It is characterized in that: a positioning bracket II, a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII are installed on the base I, and a wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device VI, a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII are installed on the base I. (or brake disc) precision reference support device Ⅴ, wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device Ⅷ is installed under the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform Ⅶ, and the wheel (or brake disc) is installed on the positioning bracket Ⅱ Horizontal inspection platform IV, wheel (or brake disc) vertical inspection platform III.

Wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform III as shown in Figure 7 is composed of: Z-axis support frame 26, U-shaped plate 28, vertical linear guide slide table 29, "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor 30, and calibration plate 31. The U-shaped plate 28 is installed on the Z-axis support frame 26, the vertical linear guide rail slide 29 is installed on the U-shaped plate 28, and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor 30 is connected with the vertical linear guide rail slide 29 to realize inner diameter detection; calibration plate 31 Fixed on the Z-axis support frame, it is responsible for calibrating the measuring diameter, determining the static characteristic index of the measuring system, and eliminating the system error.

The wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform IV shown in FIG. 8 is composed of: laser displacement sensor 22, Z-axis support frame 26, crescent plate 20, sensor positioning plate 24, uniaxial guide block 23, linear guide rail 21, The level detection platform is composed of a servo motor 27 and a screw pair 25 . The crescent-shaped plate 20 is symmetrically installed on both sides of the Z-axis support frame 26, the sensor positioning plate 24 is installed at the end of the crescent-shaped plate 20, the laser displacement sensor 22 is installed on the sensor positioning plate 24 through the single-axis guide block 23; the level detection platform servo motor 27 is installed behind the Z-axis support frame 26, and the linear guide rail 21 on the Z-axis is driven by the screw pair 25, so that the laser displacement sensor 22 moves horizontally, and is responsible for the detection of the outer diameter of the motor vehicle wheel.

The wheel (or brake disc) rough reference support device VI as shown in Figure 9 is composed of ① group of profiling blocks 6, ② group of profiling blocks 7 and rotary parts 8; ① group of profiling blocks 6 and ② group of profiling blocks 7 Rotation arrays are distributed on the revolving part 8, ① a group of profiling blocks 6 is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheels, and ② a group of profiling blocks 7 is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheel brake discs.

As shown in Figure 10, the wheel (or brake disc) precision reference support device V is composed of a positioning arm 9, a positioning bracket 10, a centering shaft 12, a linear bearing 11 and a cylinder 13; the positioning arm 9 is connected to the positioning bracket 10 by the shaft. It forms the positioning arm assembly; the cylinder 13 is installed on the cylinder head gasket 20-40mm below the centering shaft 12, and is responsible for giving a certain force to the centering shaft; the centering shaft 12 is installed on the linear bearing 11 to control the rise of the positioning arm assembly Or down, it is responsible for the positioning of the wheel (or brake disc) to be measured. After the wheel (or brake disc) precise reference positioning is completed, the positioning arm 9 will fall down by its own weight to ensure that the positioning arm 9 will not interfere with the measurement area. .

The wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII as shown in Figure 11 is composed of a moving bracket 3, a conveying platform servo motor 1, a screw pair 2, a slide rail 5, and a slider 4. The slide rail 5 is installed on the base I and is responsible for the guide and support of the platform movement; the slider 4 is installed on the slide rail 5; It is responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; the servo motor 1 of the conveying platform is installed at the end of the lead screw.

The wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive device VIII as shown in Figure 12 is composed of a rotary drive device geared motor 19, a rotary base plate 16, a shaft sleeve 17, a bearing sleeve 14, a linear bearing 15 and a sprocket rotation mechanism 18; The geared motor 19 is installed on the motor support base, and the motor support base is installed on the shaft sleeve 17 by means of the connecting device; the linear bearing 15 is connected with the sprocket rotation mechanism 18, and the rotation of the motor 19 through the rotary drive device drives the sprocket rotation mechanism 18. The linear bearing 15 drives the rotating bottom plate 16 to make the wheel of the motor vehicle under test rotate, and is responsible for realizing the multi-point detection of the wheel.

An absolute grating ruler is installed on the wheel level detection platform and the vertical detection platform respectively.

The online detection system is a closed-loop control system composed of PMAC servo motor control and grating displacement feedback system, which is used to precisely control the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor. The control system is divided into four parts, PMAC servo motor control, grating displacement feedback control, PLC. Control and measurement data acquisition system; the industrial computer sends instructions to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends a signal to the servo driver, and then the servo driver controls the horizontal and vertical detection platforms, and the moving distance of the two is measured by the grating ruler and fed back to PMAC motion control card, and then the compensation amount is calculated by the control card to realize the precise position control of the mobile platform. Guarantee the high repeatability of the system. The PLC control system controls the cylinder of the wheel horizontal conveying platform, the servo motor of the wheel or brake disc rotary drive device, the cylinder and the servo motor of the horizontal and vertical detection platform. The measurement data acquisition system collects the data of 4 laser displacement sensors through the data acquisition card, namely the left/right meniscus end sensor and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor group.

The specific detection process is as follows:

(1) Calibration process:

In the detection of the outer diameter in this design, the method of comparing with the calibrated wheel is used to detect the outer diameter of the rolling circle of the wheel. First select a calibration wheel with an outer diameter of 880mm, and transport it to the designated position. The two laser displacement sensors A and B use the detection principle in Figure 1 above to move radially along the calibration wheel in units of 20mm. Scan from side to side and record the minimum value obtained by scanning. For example: The value scanned and recorded by the laser displacement sensor A is 4.998mm; the value recorded by the laser displacement sensor B is 6.001mm; these two values are used as the calibration value for the outer diameter of the 880mm calibration wheel rolling circle.

For the detection of the inner diameter, a calibration block with a length and width of 190mm and a height of 100mm is designed (see Figure 3 below). Two "back-to-back" laser displacement sensors C and D move vertically in the calibration block, and record the value obtained by the scanning of the two sensors. The value recorded by the C laser displacement sensor is 5.001mm; the value recorded by the D laser displacement sensor is 5.998mm . Use these two values as the calibration value for the inner diameter of the 190mm calibration wheel.

(2) The wheel or brake disc is hoisted to the rough positioning support device of the equipment through the crane. The motor on the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to drive the wheel on the platform to move to the designated position. The cylinder below the designated position pushes the fixed position. The mandrel moves upward, and the positioning arm opens under the action of the centering shaft to achieve precise positioning of the wheel. Then, the positioning arm falls under its own weight without interfering with the measurement range. The vertical linear guide slide directly above the wheel (or brake disc) moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D to drop to the ① measurement position; then, the horizontal detection platform servo motor drives the detection platform to realize the Z-axis support frame horizontal movement, and drive the laser displacement sensors A, B and C, D installed on the supporting frame to move together, with 20mm as a moving unit, using the above working principle (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2), the obtained If the deviation of the measured value is too large, an alarm will be issued. After completing a test, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position, the wheel rotation device drives the wheel to rotate at a certain angle, and the vertical linear guide slide directly above the wheel (or brake disc) moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D. Descend to a measurement position again; repeat the above detection process to realize multi-point measurement. After completing the detection of position a, the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor continues to descend to reach the measurement position b. According to the measurement process of position a, the detection of position b is completed. After that, the detection of the c position is performed again. After completing the detection of the three positions, the motor of the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to make the wheel (or brake disc) on the slider return to the initial position.

(3) Dimensional measurement:

1) Wheel outer diameter

The laser displacement sensor installed at the end of the crescent plate collects the data of the outer diameter of the wheel according to the position shown in Figure 13, and calculates the diameter of the wheel by calculating the difference between the measured data and the calibration data. Measure the outer diameter of the left and right wheels respectively.

The formula is as follows:

D=D ₀ -(SensorDetect _Min -SensorDetect ₀ )×2

In the formula: D: the outer diameter of the tested wheel, D ₀ : the outer diameter of the calibration wheel, SensorDetect ₀ : the laser displacement sensor measures the measured value of the calibration wheel set at the position shown in the figure, SensorDetect _Min : the laser displacement sensor is in the scanning record △L every time The minimum value obtained when one unit is used.

First drive the wheel to rotate the drive device to make it rotate at a certain angle; then drive the wheel level detection platform, so that the sensors A and B are horizontally displaced by a △L along the radial direction of the motor vehicle wheel, and the laser displacement sensor scans and records each unit in △L The measured value is compared with the measured value, and the minimum value is selected; then compare and calculate with the measured value of the standard part.

The method of measuring the diameter is explained with the above-mentioned actual measurement data for measuring the diameter of the wheel.

2) Inner diameter

The "back-to-back" displacement sensor group collects the wheel inner diameter data according to the position shown in Figure 14, and calculates the wheel inner diameter by calculating the difference between the measured data and the calibration data. Measure the inner diameter of the wheel here respectively. The formula is as follows:

D=D ₀ -(SensorDetect _Max -SensorDetect ₀ )×2

In the formula: D: the outer diameter of the wheel to be tested, D ₀ : the outer diameter of the calibrated wheel, SensorDetect ₀ : the laser displacement sensor measures the calibration wheel set measurement value at the position shown in the figure SensorDetect _Max : the laser displacement sensor is in each unit in the scanning record △X , the maximum value obtained.

First drive the wheel to rotate the drive device to make it rotate at a certain angle; drive the vertical detection platform,

Make it drop to the position to be detected, and then drive the wheel level detection platform, so that the sensors C and D are vertically displaced by a △X along the axis of the motor car wheel, and the grating ruler scans and records the value measured by each unit in △X,

Compare the measured values and select the maximum value; then compare and calculate with the measured values of the standard parts.

Repeat the above operation to realize the measurement of the diameter of the inner hole of the wheel.

The method of measuring the diameter is explained with the above-mentioned actual measurement data for measuring the inner diameter.

Claims (4)

1. A motor vehicle wheel outer diameter and inner diameter on-line detection system is characterized in that, the mechanical system is composed of a base, a positioning bracket, a wheel or a brake disc vertical detection platform, a wheel or a brake disc horizontal detection platform, a wheel or a brake disc. It consists of a fine reference support device, a wheel or brake disc coarse reference support device, a wheel or brake disc conveying platform, and a wheel or brake disc rotary drive device; (1) A positioning bracket, a wheel or brake disc conveying platform are installed on the base, and a wheel or brake disc coarse reference support device, a wheel or brake disc fine reference support device, and a wheel or brake disc coarse reference support device are installed on the wheel or brake disc conveying platform. Or the brake disc rotary drive device is installed under the wheel or brake disc conveying platform, and the wheel or brake disc level detection platform and the wheel or brake disc vertical detection platform are installed on the positioning bracket; (2) The vertical detection platform consists of a Z-axis support frame, a U-shaped plate 2, a vertical linear guide rail slide, a "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor, and a calibration plate; the U-shaped plate is installed on the Z-axis support frame, and the vertical linear guide rail The sliding table is installed on the U-shaped plate, and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor is connected with the vertical linear guide sliding table to realize the inner diameter detection; the calibration plate is fixed on the Z-axis support frame, which is responsible for calibrating the inner diameter of the measurement and determining the static characteristics of the measurement system indicators to eliminate systematic errors; (3) The level detection platform consists of laser displacement sensors A, B, Z-axis support frame, crescent-shaped plate, sensor positioning plate, single-axis guide block, linear guide rail, level detection platform servo motor, and screw pair; The plate is symmetrically installed on both sides of the Z-axis support frame, the sensor positioning plate is installed at the end of the crescent plate, the laser displacement sensors A and B are installed on the sensor positioning plate through the single-axis guide block; the level detection platform servo motor is installed on the Z-axis support frame At the rear, the linear guide on the Z-axis is driven by the lead screw pair, so that the laser displacement sensors A and B move horizontally, and are responsible for the detection of the outer diameter of the motor car wheel; (4) The precision reference support device includes a positioning arm, a positioning bracket, a centering shaft, a linear bearing and a cylinder; the positioning arm is connected to the positioning bracket by the shaft to form a positioning arm assembly; the cylinder is installed under the centering shaft 20～ 40mm and fixed on the cylinder head gasket, it is responsible for giving a certain force to the centering shaft; install the centering shaft on the linear bearing, control the rise or fall of the positioning arm assembly, and be responsible for the positioning of the wheel or brake disc under test; After the precise reference positioning of the brake disc, the positioning arm relies on its own weight and falls down by itself, ensuring that the positioning arm will not interfere with the measurement area; (5) The rough reference support device includes ① a group of profiling blocks, ② a set of profiling blocks and a rotary part; ① a set of profiling blocks and a rotary array of ② a set of profiling blocks are distributed on the rotary part, and ① a set of profiling blocks It is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheels, and the ② group of profiling blocks is responsible for the rough datum positioning of the motor car wheels; (6) The conveying platform consists of a moving bracket, a conveying platform servo motor, a lead screw pair, a slide rail, and a slider; the slide rail is installed on the base I and is responsible for the movement guidance and support of the platform; the slider is installed on the slide rail ;The slider is combined with the moving bracket, and the screw pair is installed on the bracket and connected to the moving bracket, which is responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; the servo motor of the conveying platform is installed at the end of the screw; (7) The rotary drive device consists of a rotary drive device geared motor, a rotary base plate, a shaft sleeve, a bearing sleeve, a linear bearing and a sprocket rotation mechanism; the rotary drive device geared motor is installed on the motor support base, and the motor support base relies on the connecting device. Installed on the shaft sleeve; the linear bearing is connected with the sprocket rotating mechanism, the motor rotates to drive the sprocket rotating mechanism, and the linear bearing drives the rotating bottom plate to make the wheel or brake disc of the motor vehicle under test rotate, and is responsible for realizing the wheel or brake. Moving disk multi-point detection. 2 . The on-line detection system for the outer diameter and inner diameter of a motor vehicle wheel according to claim 1 , wherein an absolute grating ruler is respectively installed on the wheel horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform. 3 . 3. the motor vehicle wheel outer diameter and inner diameter online detection system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the online detection system adopts PMAC servo motor control and grating displacement feedback system to form closed-loop control system, is used for the measurement position of precise control laser displacement sensor, The control system is divided into four parts, PMAC servo motor control, grating displacement feedback control, PLC control and measurement data acquisition system; the industrial computer sends commands to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends signals to the servo driver, and then the servo The driver controls the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel or brake disc. The moving distance of the two is measured by the absolute grating ruler and fed back to the PMAC motion control card, and then the compensation amount is calculated by the control card to realize the precise position control of the mobile platform; Ensure the high repeatability of the system; the PLC control system controls the cylinder of the wheel or brake disc horizontal conveying platform, the servo motor of the wheel or brake disc rotary drive device, the cylinder and the servo motor, rotation of the wheel or brake disc level detection platform. The drive device is geared motor; the measurement data acquisition system collects the data of 4 laser displacement sensors through the data acquisition card, that is, the left/right crescent plate end sensor and the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor group. 4. according to the motor vehicle wheel outer diameter and inner diameter on-line detection system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete detection process is as follows: (1) The wheel or brake disc is hoisted to the rough positioning support device of the equipment through the crane; (2) The motor on the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to drive the wheel or brake disc on the platform to move to the designated position; (3) The cylinder below the designated position pushes the centering shaft to move upward, and the positioning arm opens under the action of the centering shaft to achieve precise positioning of the wheel or brake disc; (4) The positioning arm falls down by its own weight and does not interfere with the measurement range; (5) The vertical linear guide slide table directly above the wheel or brake disc moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D to drop to the measurement position a; (6) The servo motor of the horizontal detection platform drives the detection platform to realize the horizontal movement of the Z-axis support frame, and drives the laser displacement sensors A, B, C, and D installed on the support frame to move together, with 20mm as a moving unit; (7) Use the above working principle in 2 to obtain the required measurement value, if the deviation of the measurement value is too large, an alarm will be issued; (8) After completing one detection, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position; (9) The wheel rotation device drives the wheel or brake disc to rotate at a certain angle, and the vertical linear guide slide directly above the wheel or brake disc moves downward, driving the laser displacement sensors C and D to drop to the measurement position a again; repeat The above detection process realizes multi-point measurement; (10) After completing the detection of position a, the "back-to-back" laser displacement sensor continues to descend to the measurement position b. According to the measurement process of position a, the detection of position b is completed; after that, the detection of position c is carried out; (11) After completing the detection of the three positions, the motor of the wheel conveying platform drives the ball screw to make the wheel or brake disc on the slider return to the initial position.

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