CN107033973A - A kind of inside and outside hot integral biomass revolution pyrolytic gasification equipment and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment with internal and external heat integration and its application. The equipment mainly consists of a feeding device, an external heat type pyrolysis device, an internal heat type gasification device, a sealing device, a discharge device, and a burner and so on. The feeding and discharging device and the sealing device ensure the sealing of the pyrolysis and gasification equipment and the continuous operation of the pyrolysis and gasification reaction. High-temperature gas reuse is used to provide heat for external heat pyrolysis to reduce energy consumption. The mixed gas of water vapor and air is used as the gasification medium to undergo a gas activation reaction with the material in the internal heating converter to generate gas and activated carbon.

Description

A biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment with internal and external heat integration and its application

technical field

The invention relates to a rotary pyrolysis gasification device and method, in particular to a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification device with integrated internal and external heat and its application.

Background technique

Biomass is a clean and renewable energy source. Biomass pyrolysis gasification is an important way of biomass utilization. Biomass pyrolysis refers to the thermal decomposition of biomass raw materials under the condition of isolation of air or adding a small amount of air to produce condensable and non-condensable gases and solid carbon and other substances in different forms. The calorific value of the gas obtained by pyrolysis is generally above 12000kJ/Nm ³ ; Biomass gasification refers to the process of gas-solid reaction between biomass raw materials and gasification agents, such as water vapor, oxygen or air, under certain temperature conditions.

In the domestic industrial application of biomass pyrolysis, it is basically a reaction process of pyrolysis and gasification, with the main goal of obtaining solid and gas products. At present, the pyrolysis gasification equipment widely used includes fixed bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and rotary furnace. Pyrolysis gasification in fixed bed and fluidized bed furnaces is mainly based on the gas obtained, and the charcoal quality obtained is low. Rotary furnace pyrolysis is mainly to obtain charcoal products, and the amount of gas obtained is small.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment and its application, which can continuously, efficiently and high-quality produce biomass gas from solid biomass, especially granular biomass raw materials such as wood blocks, wood chips, and fruit shells. Co-production of biochar products with adsorption capacity.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment, including a feed device, a pyrolysis device, a gasification device and a discharge device. device, sealing device, internal thermal gasification device, and gas-solid separation device; the internal thermal gasification device is also connected to the discharge device, the gas-solid separation device is connected to the gas recycling device, and the gas recycling device is connected to the external thermal pyrolysis device .

The feeding device and the discharging device are both helical feeding tubes, which are coiled outside the device along the normal helical direction.

The external heating type pyrolysis device is an external heating rotary furnace structure, the outer wall of the rotary furnace is covered with a heat preservation furnace wall, and the hollow part between the furnace wall of the rotary furnace and the heat preservation furnace wall is a combustion chamber.

The bottom of the combustion chamber is provided with a pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle and a burner, and the wall of the combustion chamber is provided with a spiral flue.

The wall of the holding furnace is provided with a spiral flue, so that the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber makes a spiral movement along the wall of the rotary furnace, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

The burners include diesel burners, liquefied gas burners, natural gas burners or particle burners, etc., which are used for cold furnace start-up.

The connection between the sealing device and the converter adopts a fish scale sealing structure, the inner cavity is filled with water vapor, and there is a drain at the bottom.

The internal heating type gasification device is an internal heating type rotary furnace structure, the inner wall of the rotary furnace is lined with refractory and heat-insulating materials, and a water vapor air mixing inlet pipe is arranged on the rotary furnace wall.

The water vapor air mixed intake pipe is provided with a directional on-off valve and an electromagnetic flow valve, the directional on-off valve is automatically closed when the intake pipe is turned to the top, and the on-off valve is opened when the intake pipe is turned to the bottom; the air intake is adjusted by the electromagnetic flow valve volume size.

The gas-solid separation device includes a gas-solid separation chamber, a cyclone separator and a shut-off fan.

The outer diameter of the furnace wall of the external heating type pyrolysis device is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the internal heating type gasification device, and the cylinder of the external heating type pyrolysis device extends into the cylinder of the internal heating type gasification device by 100-500 mm.

Applying the method of biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment, the material enters from the feeding device, and moves forward with the rotation of the device into the pyrolysis chamber of the external thermal pyrolysis device, and the material is heated in the external thermal pyrolysis device The pyrolysis reaction produces pyrolysis gas and charcoal. With the rotation of the device, the charcoal moves forward and then enters the internal heat gasification device, and the gasification activation reaction occurs with the incoming water vapor and air mixture in the internal heat gasification device. To produce gas and activated carbon, the generated activated carbon is sent out from the discharge device, and the gas enters the gas-solid separation device for separation and dust removal, part of the gas returns to the external thermal pyrolysis device for use as external heating energy, and the remaining part is sent to the gas consumption system.

Beneficial effect:

1. In the present invention, the material is transported through the spiral material guide tube and sealed by the material itself. Compared with the traditional screw conveyor, it has the advantages of simple structure, good sealing performance, no power consumption, and low cost.

2. The combustion chamber of the present invention is provided with a spiral flue, which can improve heat transfer efficiency and reduce exhaust gas temperature.

3. The connection between the sealing structure and the rotating drum of the present invention adopts a fish scale seal, and water vapor is introduced into the sealing structure, so that the inside of the sealer is always in a positive pressure state, preventing air from entering the inside of the converter. The adoption of the water vapor positive pressure sealing structure avoids the existing problems of complex structure, high cost and poor sealing effect of the existing mechanical seal.

4. The present invention uses the combustion of combustible gas produced by biomass carbonization and activation to provide energy. After normal operation, no external heating is required, which saves energy compared with traditional processes.

5. In the pyrolysis rotary furnace with internal and external heat integration of the present invention, the material is first heated externally to undergo a pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas and charcoal, and then enters the internal heat type gasification device, and is fed into a mixed gas of water vapor and air for gasification activation reaction. Compared with the traditional physical activated carbon production process of first carbonizing and then activating, the invention has the advantages of low equipment investment, high energy utilization efficiency and low production cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

Among them, feeding device 1, external thermal pyrolysis device 2, heat preservation furnace wall 3, sealing device 4, internal thermal gasification device 5, water vapor and air mixing inlet pipe 6, refractory insulation material 7, discharge device 8, gas Solid separation chamber 9, cyclone separator 10, shut-off fan 11, spiral air duct 12, pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle 13, burner 14.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the feeding device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the sealing device of the present invention.

Among them, external heating type rotary furnace fish scale seal 15, sealed bin body 16, water vapor inlet 17, internal heating type rotary furnace fish scale seal 18, and water outlet 19.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment, mainly composed of a feed device 1, an external thermal pyrolysis device 2, an internal thermal gasification device 5, a sealing device 4, a discharge device 8, a gas-solid separation chamber 9, and a burner 14 and so on. The feeding device is connected to the external thermal pyrolysis device, the external thermal pyrolysis device is connected to the internal thermal gasification device through a sealing device, the discharge device, the gas-solid separation chamber are connected to the external thermal pyrolysis device, and the gas-solid separation chamber will The solids in the gas are separated, and part of the high-temperature gas is sent to the burner to provide heat for the external thermal pyrolysis device.

The feeding device is a spiral feeding pipe, which is coiled outside the furnace wall along the positive spiral direction and rotates with the rotary furnace. With the rotation, the material moves forward in the material guide tube and enters the furnace.

The external heating type pyrolysis device is an external heating rotary furnace, the outer part of the rotary furnace is covered with a heat preservation furnace wall, the hollow part between the rotary furnace wall and the heat preservation furnace wall is a combustion chamber, and the bottom of the heat preservation furnace wall is provided with a Combustion nozzles and burners.

The heat preservation furnace wall is provided with a spiral air duct, so that the high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner moves forward in a spiral shape around the outer wall of the rotary furnace in the combustion chamber along the spiral air duct, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

The burner can be a combustion heater such as a diesel burner, a liquefied gas burner, a natural gas burner, or a pellet burner, and is used for starting a cold furnace.

The internal heating type gasification device is an internal heating type rotary furnace, the inner wall of the rotary furnace is lined with refractory and heat-insulating materials, and the furnace wall of the rotary furnace is provided with a water vapor air mixing inlet pipe.

The water-steam-air mixed intake pipe is provided with a directional on-off valve and an electromagnetic flow valve. The directional on-off valve is automatically closed when the intake pipe is turned upward, and the on-off valve is opened when the intake pipe is turned downward. The intake air volume can be adjusted through the electromagnetic flow valve.

The outer diameter of the outer heating type rotary furnace wall is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the inner heating type rotary furnace insulation layer, and the outer heating type rotary furnace cylinder extends into the inner heating type rotary furnace cylinder.

The external heating type pyrolysis device and the internal heating type gasification device are isolated from the air through the sealing device, and the sealing method can be in the form of labyrinth seal, packing seal or end face seal.

The discharge device is also a spiral material guide pipe, which is coiled outside the furnace wall along the positive spiral direction and rotates with the rotary furnace. The material enters the discharge conduit at the end of the internal heating rotary furnace, moves forward with the rotation of the furnace body and is sent out of the conduit.

As shown in Figure 1, the material is first sent into the feeding bin, and when the feed inlet of the feeding spiral coil turns to the bottom, the material falls into the feeding coil, and with the rotation of the spiral coil, the material moves forward and enters the external heat Type rotary furnace pyrolysis chamber, in the external heat type pyrolysis device, the material undergoes pyrolysis reaction to produce pyrolysis gas and charcoal. With the rotation of the converter, the charcoal moves forward and then enters the internal heat type rotary furnace gasification chamber. The water vapor and air mixing inlets are distributed on the wall. The water vapor and air are mixed in proportion and sent into the gasification chamber to undergo gasification and activation reaction with carbon to generate gas and activated carbon. The generated activated carbon is discharged from the end of the gasification chamber. The material spiral coil is sent out of the rotary furnace, and the gas enters the gas-solid separation chamber from the gas outlet. The small solid particles entrained in the gas are first settled in the gas-solid separation chamber for dust removal, and then enter the cyclone separator for further dust removal, and part of them is returned to the external heating type rotary furnace for heating. The combustion chamber of the decomposing chamber is used as an external heating energy source, and the remaining part is sent to the gas system.

Embodiment: Using wood chips to produce biomass gas and carbon adsorption materials

The biomass rotary pyrolysis and gasification equipment with internal and external heat integration of the present invention is adopted, the raw material is wood chips, the length is about 20-40mm, and the moisture content is 15-20%. First turn on the pellet burner, raise the temperature of the externally heated rotary furnace to 500-700°C, put the wood chips into the feed bin, the wood chips complete the pyrolysis reaction in the externally heated rotary furnace and enter the internally heated gasification device, and send them into the water The mixture of steam and air, the ratio of water vapor to air is 2:1, and the charcoal gasification and activation reaction occurs in the internal heating gasification device. The reaction temperature is 1100-1200 ℃ to generate gas and activated carbon, and part of the generated gas is sent to the external heat The combustion chamber of the type pyrolysis device is used as an external heating energy source. The calorific value of biomass gas is 8250kJ/m ³ , the adsorption value of activated carbon methylene blue is 12ml/g, and the adsorption value of iodine is 980mg/g.

The above examples are only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can also make various changes and deformations without departing from the gist and scope of the present invention. Equivalent technical solutions should also belong to the category of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by each claim.

Claims (10)

1. A biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment, including a feeding device, a pyrolysis device, a gasification device and a discharging device, characterized in that, along the material running direction, the feeding device (1), the external heating type Pyrolysis device (2), sealing device (4), internal heating gasification device (5), and gas-solid separation device; the internal heating gasification device is also connected to the discharge device, and the gas-solid separation device is connected to the gas recycling device. The recycling device is connected with the external thermal pyrolysis device. 2. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the feeding device and the discharging device are both helical feeding pipes, which are coiled outside the device along the positive spiral direction. 3. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the external heating type pyrolysis device is an external heating rotary furnace structure, and the outer wall of the rotary furnace is covered with a heat preservation furnace wall (3 ), the hollow part between the rotary furnace wall and the holding furnace wall is a combustion chamber, and the bottom of the holding furnace wall is provided with a pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle and a burner (12). 4. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, said burners include diesel burners, liquefied gas burners, natural gas burners or particle burners for cold furnace start-up . 5. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sealing device (4) comprises a labyrinth seal, packing seal or end face seal. 6. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the internal heating gasification device is an internal heating rotary furnace structure, and the inner wall of the rotary furnace is lined with refractory and heat-insulating materials (7). A steam-air mixing inlet pipe (6) is arranged on the furnace wall of the converter. 7. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, the water vapor air mixed intake pipe is provided with a directional switch valve and an electromagnetic flow valve, and when the intake pipe is turned to the upper side, the directional switch The valve closes automatically, and the on-off valve opens when the intake pipe turns downward; the intake air volume is adjusted through the electromagnetic flow valve. 8. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the gas-solid separation device comprises a gas-solid separation chamber (9) and a cyclone separator (10). 9. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the furnace wall of the external heat type pyrolysis device is smaller than the diameter of the inner wall of the internal heat type gasification device, and the external heat type The cylinder body of the type pyrolysis device extends into the cylinder body of the internal heating type gasification device. 10. The method of applying the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the material enters from the feed device and moves forward with the rotation of the device into the external thermal pyrolysis device. Pyrolysis chamber, in the external thermal pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis reaction of the material generates pyrolysis gas and charcoal. With the rotation of the device, the charcoal moves forward and then enters the internal thermal gasification device, and enters into the internal thermal gasification device. The mixture of water vapor and air undergoes gasification and activation reaction to produce gas and activated carbon. The generated activated carbon is sent out from the discharge device, and the gas enters the gas-solid separation device for separation and dust removal, and part of the gas returns to the external thermal pyrolysis device for external heating. The energy is used, and the rest is sent to the gas system.