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CN1069967A - 化合物和燃料组合物 - Google Patents

化合物和燃料组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1069967A
CN1069967A CN92109702A CN92109702A CN1069967A CN 1069967 A CN1069967 A CN 1069967A CN 92109702 A CN92109702 A CN 92109702A CN 92109702 A CN92109702 A CN 92109702A CN 1069967 A CN1069967 A CN 1069967A
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fuel
oil
compound
additive
group
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CN92109702A
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R·E·M·肯沃德
G·杰克逊
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
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Publication of CN1069967A publication Critical patent/CN1069967A/zh
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    • C07C211/26—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C211/27—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring having amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring by saturated carbon chains
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Abstract

含有一个环状系统如一个芳环系统的新化学化 合物，在环上至少带有二个下式(I)的取代基，其中 各基团定义见说明书。这些化合物能够用作改进原 油、润滑油或燃料油的冷流动性的添加剂。

Description

本发明涉及化学的化合物和它们在改善原油、润滑油或燃料油，例如馏份石油燃料如沸程为110℃-500℃的中馏份燃料油的冷流动性能中的应用。
当石油和燃料油在低的环境温度情况下，蜡可能从燃料中分离出来并且降低油的流动性。例如，中馏份燃料中所含的蜡在低温下形成大的蜡状晶体，这种晶体势必会堵塞燃料油过滤器的小的孔隙。当燃料为柴油时，因为柴油发动机的燃料过滤器标准孔通常直径是在约5-20微米之间，这个问题是特别严重的。
美国-A-4402708（Oswld;Exxon）描述了一个下式的四烷基邻苯二酰胺
Figure 921097026_IMG1
其中R1，R2，R4和R5是C16-C40直链烷基基团，并且可相同或不同的，它们用作添加剂或共添加剂，例如做为协合剂，为了控制蜡在低温下馏份燃料油中形成的蜡结晶的大小和抑制蜡晶体的聚集，与蜡结晶改进剂共同混合使用。
EP-A-0203812（Exxon）描述了一种含有如上所述的四烷基邻苯二酰胺的适合于改善含蜡石油馏份燃料油的低温流动性的添加剂组合物;一种乙烯聚合物和/或共聚物;一种卤化链烷烃或烯烃与芳基化合物的缩合产物;和一种烷基化醚。
US-A-3598782（Beckman  et  al;Firestone）描述了使用作为它们对位和间位衍生物的混合的N，N，N′，N′-四取代亚二甲苯基二胺为未硫化橡胶的内联的立体线性聚合物的稳定剂。取代基通常包括碳原子数从1-20的烷基基团，甲基，乙基和异丙基被提到，但没有特别举例说明。
GB-A-1464510（Pfizer）描述了在抗病毒感染方面，N，N-二亚烷基二甲苯二胺的应用，通常所述的烷基基团含有12-20个碳原子和具体的例子是邻位和对位衍生物，其中烷基基团是正十六烷基。
本发明涉及一组新型的四烃衍生物，每个烃基基团有一定的链长度和它们作为改善石油的低温流动性的添加剂的应用。
在本说明书中，应注意，同一取代基符号（如R）在不同化合物或组分中可能定义不同。因此应读其相应的说明。
在第一方面，本发明提供一化学化合物，它包括一个环系统，最好是芳香环系统，该化合物在环上至少有二个下式（1）的取代基：
其中A为脂肪族烃基基团，该基团可任意被一个或多个杂原子（如，O）分隔以及它可以是直链的或支链的;和R1和R2是相同的或不同的，每个分别是一个含9-40碳原子的烃基，任意地被一个或多个杂原子分隔开，取代基是相同的或不同的和化合物可任意是一种盐的形式。最好，A有从1-20碳原子和最好是一个亚甲基或多亚甲基基团。
在本说明中“烃基”意思是一有机基团，其由氢和碳原子组成，除特别说明外，它可能是脂肪族的，包括脂环族的;芳香族的;或它们的任何组合。它也可能是取代的或未取代的烷基，芳基或芳烷基和可能任意地含有不饱和键，它被取代的例子是OXY-，卤基-和羟基-烃基。
第二方面，本发明提供使用通式（Ⅰ）的化合物做为改善原油，润滑油或燃料油的低温流动性的添加剂。
第三方面，本发明提供一组合物，该组合物含有由原油、润滑油或燃料油为主要部分和含通式（Ⅰ）的化合物为次要部分的混合物。
在第四方面，本发明提供一浓缩物，它含有含通式（Ⅰ）化合物的添加剂和与原油、润滑油或燃料油可互溶的载体液体的混合物。
后面所述的试验中，本发明的化学化合物做为流动改进剂在例举的石油中显示了突出的作用。
下面更详细地描述本发明的特征。
化学化合物
环状化合物可包括单环，杂环或稠合多环系统，这里二个或多个这样的环系统相互联结，其中的环系统可相同的或不同的。在有二个或多个环状系统时，通式（Ⅰ）的取代基可在相同的或不同的系统上，最好在相同的系统上，最好每个环系统是芳环，更好是苯环。最好，环状环系统是一个单苯环，当优选取代基处于邻位或间位时，苯环可随意被进一步取代。
在环状系统上的环原子最好是碳原子，但例如可能包括一个或多个环N，S或O原子，在那种情况下，化合物是一个杂环化合物。
这些多环系统例子包括：
（a）缩合苯结构如萘、蒽、菲，和芘;
（b）缩合环结构，其中环没有一个或不是所有的环是苯如奥，茚，氢化茚，荧烷和联二亚苯;
（c）环尾联接的环如联苯;
（d）杂环化合物如哇咛，吲哚，2，3-二氢吲哚，苯并呋喃，香豆素，异香豆素，苯并噻吩，咔唑和吩噻嗪。
（e）非芳族或部分饱和环系统如，萘烷（即十氢化萘），α-蒎烯，Cardinene和冰片烯和
f）三维空间结构如降冰片烯，双环庚烷（即降冰片烷），双环辛烷，双环辛烯。
本发明中，每个由R1和R2表示的烃基基团可是例如烷基或链烯基或单一或多-烷氧基烷基基团。最好，每个烃基基团是直链烷基基团。每个烃基基团中碳原子数最好是16-40个，更好为16-24个。
另外，优选环系统仅用二个通式（1）的取代基取代和A是亚甲基基团。
化学化合物的盐的例子是醋酸盐和盐酸盐。化合物可能方便地通过还原能够由仲胺和合适的卤代酸反应制得的相应的酰胺而制得。
石油
石油可以是原油即直接由钻开开采而得的和未加工之前的原油，本发明中的化合物可适合用作流动改进剂或脱蜡助剂。
石油可以是润滑油，它可是动物，植物或矿物油，如石油馏分从石脑油或锭子油到SAE30，40或50级润滑油，铸工油，鱼油或氧化了的矿物油。这些油视其用途可含有添加剂;例子是粘度指数改进剂如乙烯-丙烯共聚物，琥珀酸基分散剂，含金属的分散添加剂和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌抗磨添加剂。本发明的化合物可在润滑油中适合用作流动改进剂，倾点降凝剂或脱蜡助剂。
石油可以是燃料油，合适的是中馏份燃料油。这样的馏份油通常的沸点在约110℃-500℃范围内，例如，150℃-约400℃。燃料油可以是常压馏份或减压馏份，或裂解气油或任何比例的直馏份和热裂解和/或催化裂解的馏份的混合物。最通用的石油馏份燃料油是煤油，航空燃料，柴油燃料，加热油和重燃料油。加热油可以是直馏常压馏份，或它可含有较小量的，例如最高达35wt%的减压气油或裂解气油或两者。上面所提到的低温流动性问题在柴油燃料中和加热油中常遇到。燃料油另外可以是植物基油，例如，亚麻子基的油，既可以是单独的也可以是与石油基油的混合物。
添加剂在石油中的浓度可以为，例如单位重量燃料10-2，000ppm（重量）添加剂（活性组分），最好为25-500ppm，更好为100-200ppm。
添加剂在环境温度下应溶于油中，单位重量的油至少溶1000ppm重量的添加剂。然而，为了改进形成的蜡晶体，在接近油的冷点时，至少有一些添加剂能够从溶液中析出。
共添加剂
本发明的添加剂可与一种或多种用于改善馏份燃料油的冷流动性的共添加剂混合使用。这些共添加剂的例子如下：
（ⅰ）蜂窝状聚合物
例子有下列通式的聚合物
Figure 921097026_IMG2
其中 D＝R，COOR，OCO.R，R1CO.OR或OR
E＝H或CH或D或R1
G＝H，或D
m＝1.0（均聚物）到0.4（摩尔比）
J＝H，R1，芳基或杂环基，或R1CO.OR
K＝H，CO.OR1，OCO.R1，OR1或CO2H
L＝H，R1，CO.OR1，OCO.R1，芳基或CO2H
n＝0.0到0.6（摩尔比）
R≥C10
R≥C1
如果必要的话，另外的单体可以是三聚化的。
合适的蜂窝状聚合物的例子是富马酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物，特别是在欧洲专利申请0153176和0153177中所述的;酯化的烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物;α-烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物的聚合物和共聚物;α-烯烃的共聚物和聚合物;酯化的苯乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚物;和衣康酸或柠康酸烷基酯的聚合物例如其中烷基基团含有从16到18个碳原子和聚合物数平均分子量为1，000到20，000。
（ⅱ）聚氧化亚烷基化合物
例子是聚氧化亚烷基酯，醚，酯/醚和它们的混合物，特别是那些含有至少一个，最好至少二个C10到C30线性饱和烷基基团的化合物和分子量为100到5，000，最好200到5，000的聚氧化亚烷基乙二醇基团的化合物，在所说的聚氧化亚烷基乙二醇的烷基含有1到4个碳原子。这些物质包含在欧洲专利公告0061892A2。其它的这样添加剂描述在美国专利4491455中。
可用的优选的酯、醚或酯/醚可在结构上由下式表示
其中R和R2是相同或不同的且可以是
（a）正烷基
（b）正烷基
Figure 921097026_IMG3
（c）正烷基
（d）正烷基
Figure 921097026_IMG5
烷基基团是线性的和饱和的和含有10-30个碳原子，和A代表二元醇的聚亚烷基部分，其中亚烷基基团有1-4个碳原子如聚氧化亚甲基，聚氧化亚乙基或聚氧化三亚甲基，基本上是线性的;有低烷基侧链支化度（如在聚环氧丙烷乙二醇）可以容忍但二元醇基本上是线性的是较好的。A也能够含有氮原子。
合适的二元醇通常基本上是分子量约为100-5，000，最好为200-2，000的线性聚乙二醇（PEG）和聚丙二醇（PPG）。最好是酯且含10-30个碳原子的脂肪酸可用于与二元醇反应生成酯添加剂。最好是用C18-C24的脂肪酸，特别是二十二烷酸，酯也能够通过酯化聚乙氧基化的脂肪酸或聚乙氧基化的醇而制得。
聚氧化亚烷基二酯，二醚，酯/醚和它们的混合物适于作添加剂，当少量的单酯和单醚（它们常常在制备过程中形成的）也可能存在时，二酯最好是用在窄沸点馏份中。大量的二烷基化合物的存在对于添加剂性能是重要的。聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇混合物的十八烷或二十二烷二酯是特别优选的。
在这个总的范畴中的其它化合物的例子是那些在日本专利公开No.2-51477和3-34790（Sanyo）所述的化合物。
（ⅲ）乙烯/不饱和酯共聚物。
例子是通过乙烯和不饱和单体如通式如下的单和双酯共聚而制得的共聚物：
Figure 921097026_IMG6
其中R6是H或甲基，R5是一个-OOCR8基团，
其中R8是一个氢甲酸根或一个C1到C28，通常是C1到C17，和最好是C1-C8，直链或支链烷基基团;或R5是-COOR8基团，其中R8如前所述但不是氢，和R7是氢或如前所述的-COOR8。当R6和R7是氢和R5是-COOR8，单体包括C1到C29，更通常C1到C5单羧酸，和较好为C2到C29，更通常是C1到C5单羧酸的乙烯醇酯。能够与乙烯共聚的乙烯基酯的例子包括乙酸乙烯基酯，丙酸乙烯基酯和丁酸或异丁酸乙烯基酯，最好是乙酸乙烯基酯。
我们优选含有5-4%wt乙烯基酯，更好为10-35%wt的乙烯基酯的共聚物。也可以是二个如在US  Patent  3961916中所述的共聚物的混合物。由蒸汽相渗透法测得的数平均分子量为1，000-10，000最好为1，000-5，000的共聚物是优选的。
（ⅳ）其它极性化合物
这些其它极性化合物是在燃料中具有做为蜡结晶增长的抑制的离子或非离子型化合物。已发现极性的含氮化合物当和上述的二元醇酯、醚或酯/醚联合使用时特别有效，这三种组份的混合物在本发明的范围之内。这些极性化合物通常是胺盐和/或酰胺，它们通过至少1摩尔比例的取代的烃基胺和一摩尔比例的它们的酸酐有1-4个羧酸基团的烃基羧酸反应制得;也可能用含有30-300，最好50-150个总碳原子数的酯/酰胺。这些氮化合物描述在US专利4211534中。合适的胺通常是长链的C12-C40伯、仲、叔或季胺或它们的混合物，但短链胺也可用，只要最终氮化合物是油溶性的，因此通常含有约30-300个总碳数。氮化合物最好含有至少一个直链的C8到C40，最好C14-C24的烷基部分。
合适的胺包括伯、仲、叔或季胺，但优选的是仲胺。叔和季胺仅能够形成胺盐。胺的例子包括十四烷基胺，可可胺，和氢化牛脂胺。仲胺的例子包括二十八烷基胺和甲基-二十二基。胺的混合物也是适合的如从天然物质衍生的。优选的胺是氢化牛脂仲胺，其分子式为HNR1R2，其中R1和R2为烷基基团，该胺由含有近4%C14，31%C16，59%C18的氢化牛脂肪制得。
制备氮化合物合适的羧酸和它们的酸酐的例子包括环己烷1，2-二羧酸，环己烯1，2-二羧酸，环戊烷1，2-二羧酸，萘二羧酸等。通常，这些酸在环部份有约5-13个碳原子。优选用于本发明中的酸是苯二羧酸如邻苯二甲酸，间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸。邻苯二甲酸或其酸酐是特别优选的。化合物是由1摩尔比例的邻苯二甲酸酐和2摩尔比例的二-氢化牛脂胺反应形成的酰胺-胺盐。另外优选的化合物是由这个酰胺-胺盐脱水形成的二酰胺。
（ⅴ）烃聚合物
例子由下列通式所示
其中T＝H或R1
V＝H，T或芳基
V＝1.0-0.0（摩尔比）
W＝0.0-1.0（摩尔比）
其中R1是烷基。
这些聚合物能够直接由乙烯键未饱和的单体或间直地由氢化由单体如异戊二烯，丁二烯等制得的聚合物而制得的。
特别优选的烃聚合物是乙烯含量最好是20%和60%（w/w）的乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，和通常是借均相催化剂制备的聚合物。
（ⅵ）硫羧基化合物
例了是在EP-A-0261957所述的那些，EP-A-0261957描述了通式如下的化合物的应用：
Figure 921097026_IMG8
其中-Y-R2是SO3（-）（+）NR3 3R2，-SO3（-）（+）HNR3 2R2，
-SO3（-）（+）H2NR3R2，-SO3（-）（+）H3NR2，
-SO2NR3R2或-SO3R2;
-X-R1是-Y-R2或CONR3R1，
-CO2（-）（+）NR3 3R1，-CO2（-）（+）HNR3 2R1，
-R4-COOR1，-NR3COR1，
-R4OR1，-R4OCOR1，-R4，R1，
-N（COR3）R1或Z（-）（+）NR3 3R1;
-Z（-）是SO3（-）或CO2（-）;
R1和R2是烷基，烷氧基烷基或在主链上含有至少10个碳原子的聚烷氧基烷基;
R3是烃基和每个R3可相同或不同的，和R4没有或是C1-C5的亚烷基和在
Figure 921097026_IMG9
中碳-碳（C-C）键或者是（a）当A和B可以是烷基，链烯基或取代的烃基基团时，乙烯不饱和，或（b）可能是芳香族的，稠核芳香族的或环脂肪的环化结构的一部份，优选在X-R1和Y-R2之间含有至少三个烷基，烷氧基烷基或聚烷氧基烷基基团。
可以使用多组份添加剂系统且所用的添加剂比率将视其所处理的燃料而定。
浓缩物
本发明的浓缩物做为一种掺混添加剂到石油如馏份燃料主体中的方法是方便的，这种掺混可按本领域已知的方法做，浓缩物也可含有其它所需的添加剂和最好含有从3-75wt%，更好3-60wt%，更好10-50wt%的添加剂，最好以油溶液的形式。载体液体的例子是有机溶剂包括烃溶剂，例如石油馏份如石脑油，炼厂油和加热油;芳香族烃如苯，二甲苯和甲苯;烷基烃如己烷和戊烷。选择载体溶剂当然必须，考虑它与添加剂和燃料油的共溶性。
本发明的添加剂也可通过本领域已知的其它方法混入油主体中。如果要求共添加剂，可与本发明的添加剂同时或不同时掺入到油主体中。
实施例
下面通过下列实施例具体描述本发明，并参照NMR图谱进行描述。
实施例1
（ⅰ）合成
所用的反应方案如下：
Figure 921097026_IMG10
具体地说，72.5毫升（2.5摩尔）三乙基胺加到在500毫升的甲苯中241克（2摩尔）的C20/22混合仲胺中，随后在60℃下加入在100毫升甲苯中的42.4克二氯间苯二酰维持温度在70℃以下。混合物变得相当粘稠，因而再加入250毫升甲苯。最终产物盐酸三乙胺在70℃下过滤，滤液蒸发得到274克二酰胺产物。
在50℃下向上述产物于500毫升的四氢呋喃溶液中加入266毫升（2.5摩尔）1M氢化铝锂四氢呋喃溶液和混合物回流45分钟，然后缓慢加入20毫升水，随之加入300毫升甲苯。混合物加热到70℃，过滤，用更热的甲苯清洗沉淀物。蒸发滤液得247克所希望的胺衍生物。
参见附图，NMR谱显示了产物如上所述的结构，NMR图谱中在约3.5ppm处有一峰表明在氮原子和芳环之间有一亚甲基，肯定了酰胺中间体的羰基的还原，和表明产品的结构如上所述，在2.5和7.0ppm处的峰表示侧链亚甲基基团分别与氮原子，和芳香基的氢相邻。
（ⅱ）试验
对于改进馏份燃料油的过滤性，在添加剂系统中的例1的产品的效用，用流动改进剂扩充程序冷却试验（XPCT）来测定，这是表明燃料中的蜡是否将通过如加热油分配系统所见的那些过滤器而设计的缓慢的冷却试验。在试验中，含有添加剂的如上所述的燃料油的冷流动性测定如下。300毫升燃料以1℃/小时的比率直线地冷却到试验温度，然后温度维持恒定。通过缓和的搅拌分散已装入瓶中的蜡，然后插入一个冷过滤塞点（CFPP）过滤设备，该设备在“Journal  of  the  institute  of  Petroleum”，Volume  52，Number  510，June  1966，PP.173-285中有详细描述。打开旋塞，提供500毫升米汞柱真空度，当200毫升燃料已通过过滤器进入带有刻度的接受器中时，关闭旋塞，如果200毫升通过一个给定目大小的过滤器时记录一个PASS，或如果过滤器被堵塞记录一个FAIL。
一系列有不同尺寸的过滤网的CFPP过滤设备包括LTFT（AMS100.65）和Volkswagen  Tank过滤器（Part  no  KA/4-270/65.431-201-511）在30和40微米的两个中间网目被用于确定燃料将通过的最细的筛孔。过滤器网目的尺寸按增加顺序如下，即做为试验按减少的严格程度排序：10u，15u，20u，25u，500，LTFT，350，VW，250，200，150，120，100，80，60，40和30，其中数据仅表示网目的大小。
（ⅲ）试验
在试验中所用的燃料油性质列入下面的表1中，其中初馏点（IBP），终馏点（FBP）和中间沸点数字为℃。CP意思是“浊点”和WAT意味着“蜡出现温度”。
Figure 921097026_IMG11
所用的添加剂组合物由下面添加剂组分组成：
A：上述合成的产品
B：含有13份重量第一个共聚物和1份重量第二个不同的共聚物的两个乙烯/乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物的混合物。
C：一个酰胺-胺盐，命名为2-N′，N′，-二烷基铵盐，其中每个烷基基团含有16和18个碳原子，该铵盐由一摩尔邻苯二甲酸酐和二摩尔二氢化牛脂胺反应而制得。
D：用自由基催化剂通过聚合单体制得的含有16个碳原子的线性烷基基团的衣康酸的酯的均聚物，均聚物Mw为4000。
E：用自由基催化剂通过聚合单体制得的含有18个碳原子的具有线性烷基基团的衣康酸的酯的均聚物，均聚物Mw为4000。
对未加入添加剂的燃料油，加入400ppm添加剂组合物（100A∶100B∶100C∶50D∶50E）的燃料和加入800ppm添加剂组合物（200A∶200B∶200C∶100D∶100E）的燃料进行试验。为了比较，对含有800ppm含有200B∶300C∶150D∶150E的组合体的燃料，也进行实验。
上面数字指出特定组份的浓度是以ppm表示。
（ⅳ）结果
结果显示在下面表2中
Figure 921097026_IMG12
比较实验结果是表中的最后结果，显示了含有添加剂组分A的值。
例子2-11
对已用50ppm商业上可得到的乙烯/乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物预处理过的燃料也进行了实验，给出一个低的XPCT通过值80。燃料油性质是：
初馏点  145.0℃
终馏点  366.6℃
浊点  -5℃
蜡析出温度（WAT）  -6.2℃
蜡（浊点下10℃）  1.64%
本发明的化合物以各种处理率进行XPCT处理的化合物结果被总结在下面的表3和表4中。
Figure 921097026_IMG13
Figure 921097026_IMG14
Figure 921097026_IMG15
上述分子式中的甲基取代基的存在是由未被连接的键线所表示。表中破折号表示没有做测量。

Claims (18)

1、一种化学化合物，该化合物包括一个环状系统，在环状系统上带至少两个下式(Ⅰ)的取代基：
-A-NR1R2(1)
其中A是一个脂肪族烃基基团，它被一个或多个杂原子任意地隔开，它是直链或支链的，和R1和R2是相同的或不同的和每一个分别为含有9-40个碳原子，被一个或多个杂原子隔开的烃基，取代基是相同的或不相同的和化合物必要时可以以盐的形式存在
2、使用权利要求1的化合物作为改进原油，润滑油或燃料的低温流动性的添加剂。
3、一种组合物，它含有一个含有大比例的原油，润滑油或燃料油和含有小比例权利要求1中所定义的化合物的添加剂的混合物。
4、一浓缩物，它含有如权利要求1中所定义的化合物的添加剂和能与原油、润滑油或燃料相溶的溶剂的混合物。
5、上述任一权利要求的发明，其中A有1-20个碳原子。
6、权利要求4的发明，其中A是亚甲基或聚亚甲基基团。
7、上述任一权利要求的发明，其中环状系统是芳香环系统。
8、权利要求7的发明，其中环系统是一苯环。
9、上述任一权利要求的发明，其中系统是仅用二个通式（I）取代基取代的，和A是亚甲基基团。
10、从属于权利要求8的权利要求9的发明，其中苯环上的取代基相互处于邻位或间位。
11、上述任一权利要求的发明，其中每个R1和R2是直链的烷基基团。
12、权利要求11的发明，其中R1和R2每个有16-40个碳原子。
13、权利要求12的发明，其中R1和R2每个有16-24个碳原子。
14、上述任一权利要求的发明，其中燃料是沸点范围为110℃-500℃的馏份燃料油。
15、权利要求14的发明，其中添加剂在燃料中的浓度范围为单位重量燃料有活性成份25ppm-500ppm重量。
16、权利要求15的发明，其中范围是100ppm-200ppm。
17、上述任一权利要求中的发明，其中添加剂和改进馏份燃料的低温流动的一种或多种其它添加剂混合。
18、权利要求15的发明，其中其它添加剂之一是2-N′，N′-二烷基酰胺苯甲酸酯的N，N-二烷基胺盐。
CN92109702A 1991-08-22 1992-08-22 化合物和燃料组合物 Pending CN1069967A (zh)

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GB9118105.7 1991-08-22

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AU2434592A (en) 1993-03-16
EP0599918B1 (en) 1996-10-30
JP3236022B2 (ja) 2001-12-04
KR100244832B1 (ko) 2000-02-15
US5516443A (en) 1996-05-14
EP0599918A1 (en) 1994-06-08
MX9204821A (es) 1993-03-01
DE69214958T2 (de) 1997-04-10
DE69214958D1 (de) 1996-12-05
WO1993004148A1 (en) 1993-03-04
GB9118105D0 (en) 1991-10-09
JPH06510032A (ja) 1994-11-10
SG48096A1 (en) 1998-04-17
ATE144787T1 (de) 1996-11-15

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