CN106989100A - One kind turns to lower ball pin joint - Google Patents
One kind turns to lower ball pin joint Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106989100A CN106989100A CN201710257396.1A CN201710257396A CN106989100A CN 106989100 A CN106989100 A CN 106989100A CN 201710257396 A CN201710257396 A CN 201710257396A CN 106989100 A CN106989100 A CN 106989100A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- ball pin
- base
- pin joint
- lower ball
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000309551 Arthraxon hispidus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
- F16C2223/12—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with carburizing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
- F16C2223/18—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with induction hardening
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
Abstract
One kind turns to lower ball pin joint, is related to ATV, UTV, the technical field of skibob steering, more particularly to turn to the technical field of lower ball pin joint.The present invention includes setting assembling bore on ball joint, ball pin, upper ball base, lubricating sleeve, lower ball base, dust cover, ball joint, and lower ball base, lubricating sleeve, ball pin, upper ball base are sequentially loaded into assembling bore in sequence；The one end for assembling bore sets blind hole rib, and the other end sets and sets connection damper supporting support on two groups of swing arm radius arc support bases, every group of swing arm radius arc support base in riveting rib, assembling bore;The periphery of riveting rib is provided for sealed dust cover.The present invention realizes easy for installation, and overall manufacturing cost is low, and intensity is high, and vehicle travels more stable, the more preferable purpose of comfortableness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ATV, UTV, skibob steering technical field, more particularly to turn to the technology neck of lower ball pin joint
Domain.
Background technology
Turn to lower ball pin joint and be to carry the typical primary structure member based on car weight and transmission axial load, in ATV, UTV, skiing
Vehicle carriage in the attachment structure design of wheel hub axle bed with having a wide range of applications, particularly in steerable system and steering control system
The application of aspect is more universal.
Existing ATV, UTV, skibob typically using two ball pin bearings up and down, are separately mounted to the pumping arm action seat of vehicle
Kong Zhong, is then fixed with jump ring, ball pin and swing arm is connected as a single entity, and pairing is used during assembling, meets the carrying vehicle of vehicle
Weight and transmission axial load；Damper needs to be arranged on oscillating arm bracket, is connected between oscillating arm bracket and swing arm girder using welding
Connect.Because swing arm girder is typically formed by round steel pipe bending, oscillating arm bracket is difficult the positioning welding on steel pipe, low precision, mistake
Journey is unstable, and efficiency of assembling is low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide one kind is easy for installation, overall manufacturing cost is low, and intensity is high, and vehicle traveling is more stable, relaxes
Adaptive preferably turns to lower ball pin joint.
One kind turns to lower ball pin joint, including ball joint, ball pin, upper ball base, lubricating sleeve, lower ball base, dust cover, ball seat
Assembling bore is set on joint, and lower ball base, lubricating sleeve, ball pin, upper ball base are sequentially loaded into assembling bore in sequence；Assemble bore
One end set blind hole rib, the other end set riveting rib, assembling bore on two groups of swing arm radius arc support bases are set, often
Damper supporting support is connected on group swing arm radius arc support base;The periphery of riveting rib is provided for sealed dust cover.
It is preferable to the ball pin bulb surface smear lubricating grease that ball pin of the invention is contacted with upper ball base, lower ball base.
It is preferable to have the circular pilot hole of damper in the plane of damper supporting support of the invention
It is preferable to injection lubricating grease in dust cover of the invention.
It is preferable to upper ball base and lower ball base of the invention, which is used, contains oil processing after powder metallurgy, carburizing and quenching.
It is preferable to ball pin of the invention uses high strength alloy steel modifier treatment.
It is preferable to lubricating sleeve of the invention uses high molecular polymer, and adds anti-wear agent, fire retardant.
It is preferable to ball pin surface of the invention uses zinc-plated processing.
The present invention redesigned by the structure to above-mentioned ball pin connection method and oscillating arm bracket, for ATV, UTV,
The lower ball pin joint and oscillating arm bracket of skibob carry out blocking design, and the lower ball pin joint of redesign is by standard ball pin joint
Head, ball pin bore, oscillating arm bracket makes an assembly unit, and ball pin bore and oscillating arm bracket are cast using hot investment casting mode
Ball pin and ball seat are fitted into ball pin bore into an entirety, after Vehicle Processing and carry out riveting into a unit；ATV, UTV, cunning
When sled vehicle carshop assembles, it is only necessary to which swing arm girder and lower ball pin connector receptacle, which are carried out welding, to be assembled, product knot
Structure is simple, easy to process, saves support welding cost, and process stabilization is more convenient the installation of vehicle production factory, and precision is high, assembling
Efficiency is greatly improved.
The present invention is using blocking design, and by ball pin bearing block, swing arm bore, swing arm shock absorber support is using the side cast
Formula links together, and saves the substantial amounts of welding oscillating arm bracket of general vehicle factory, removes spatter, welds oxide skin, X-ray
Examine, the machining of ball pin bore, the machining of swing arm bore, the process such as assembling；Lower ball pin joint is only needed with swing arm girder once
After welding, plastic-spraying, ball pin is directly installed into axle bed with wheel hub and is connected, damper is directly installed on after joint on back braces, bolt
Insert and lock, easy for installation succinct, outward appearance is beautiful attractive in appearance, and overall manufacturing cost is low, and strength ratio weld strength is high, more surely
Fixed, vehicle traveling is more stable, and steadily, comfortableness is more preferable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1- ball joints, 2- ball pins, 3- upper ball bases, 4- lubricating sleeves, 5- lower ball bases, 6- dust covers, 1a- assembling stands
Hole, 1a1- blind hole ribs, 1a2- riveting ribs, 1d- radius arc support bases, 1e- damper supporting supports, 2a- ball pin bulbs
Surface.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment：
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is a kind of to turn to lower ball pin joint, including ball joint 1, ball pin 2, upper ball base 3, lubricating sleeve 4, lower ball
Seat 5, dust cover 6, set assembling bore 1a on ball joint 1, lower ball base 5, lubricating sleeve 4, ball pin 2, upper ball base 3 in sequence according to
It is secondary to load assembling bore 1a；The one end for assembling bore 1a sets blind hole rib 1a1, and the other end sets riveting rib 1a2, assembling stand
Set on the 1a of hole and damper support branch is connected on two groups of swing arm radius arc support bases 1d, every group of swing arm radius arc support base 1d
Frame 1e;Riveting rib 1a2 periphery is provided for sealed dust cover 6.
The ball pin bulb surface 2a that the ball pin 2 of the present invention is contacted with upper ball base 3, lower ball base 5 smears lubricating grease.
There is the circular pilot hole of damper in the damper supporting support 1e of present invention plane
Injection lubricating grease in the dust cover 6 of the present invention.
The upper ball base 3 and lower ball base 5 of the present invention, which is used, contains oil processing after powder metallurgy, carburizing and quenching.
The ball pin 2 of the present invention uses high strength alloy steel modifier treatment.
The lubricating sleeve 4 of the present invention uses high molecular polymer, and adds anti-wear agent, fire retardant.
The surface of ball pin 2 of the present invention uses zinc-plated processing.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, ball pin joint includes ball joint 1, ball pin 2, upper ball base 3, lubrication under steering of the invention
Set 4, lower ball base 5, dust cover 6.Ball joint 1 uses hot investment casting mode, by assembling bore 1a and swing arm Main Girder Welding radius
Circle arc support seat 1d, damper supporting support 1e are cast as an assembly unit, and ball pin assembly assembling, card are saved in one-shot forming
Spring installation procedure, damper supporting support welding sequence, the machining of swing arm bore, ball pin bore machining etc. process, efficiency
Height, cost is low, and stability is good.Ball joint 1 uses modifier treatment, casting strength and toughness is improved, successively by part lower ball base
5, lubricating sleeve 4, ball pin 2, upper ball base 3 loads assembling bore 1a, ball pin bulb surface 2a rubbing surfaces corresponding with ball seat in sequence
Lubricating grease need to be applied, bite-resistant, the abrasion resistance properties of bearing are enhanced, then rivet flange, add ball pin 2 axial direction abjection and
Load is extruded, the operating impact of vehicle is met；The afterbody of ball joint 1 has two sections of radius arc support base 1d, radius arc branch
The diameter of steel tube gap of the arc radius and swing arm girder that support seat 1d coordinates, and swing arm girder is put into radius arc support base 1d
Welded, had good positioning, welding efficiency is high, intensity is high.There are damper supporting support 1e, supporting support in the back of ball joint 1
There is the circular pilot hole 1e1 of damper in 1e plane, the head of damper directly can be filled in supporting support by vehicle main engine plants
In 1e spacing, damper head endoporus and circular pilot hole 1e1 are inserted with bolt, using nut check, you can easily install
Finish.This assembling process is for the dimensional accuracy and moment of torsion of ball pin, and clearance do not have any influence, and upper ball base 3 and lower ball base 5 are adopted
With powder metallurgy, oil processing is contained after carburizing and quenching, ball pin 2 uses high strength alloy steel modifier treatment, improve case hardness, lubrication
Set 4 uses high molecular polymer, and adds anti-wear agent, the material such as fire retardant, makes product proper alignment high temperature, coefficient of friction is low, from
Lubrication, the life-span is higher；The surface of ball pin 2 uses zinc-plated processing, improves its antiseptic property and attractive in appearance, at the overall plastic-spraying of ball joint 1
Reason, meets vehicle color appearance requirement, more attractive.Sealed in ball seat riveting rib 1a2 external diameters using dust cover 6, and dust-proof
The extraneous dust of injection lubricating grease in cover 6, effectively tissue, the entrance of the grains of sand, while preventing bleeding of lubricant, is that ball pin 2 is slided
Surface lubrication is more abundant, and coefficient of friction reduction, the life-span is high.
The present invention point or so ball pin joint, is respectively welded on the horizontal swinging arm girder steel pipe of vehicle, then carries out overall
Plastic-spraying processing, appearance looks elegant, technological operation is convenient, easily realizes the mating connection of vehicle frame and wheel hub axle bed.
Claims (8)
1. one kind turns to lower ball pin joint, it is characterised in that including ball joint（1）, ball pin（2）, upper ball base（3）, lubricating sleeve
（4）, lower ball base（5）, dust cover（6）, ball joint（1）It is upper that assembling bore is set（1a）, lower ball base（5）, lubricating sleeve（4）, ball
Pin（2）, upper ball base（3）Assembling bore is sequentially loaded into sequence（1a）；Assemble bore（1a）One end set blind hole rib
（1a1）, the other end, which is set, rivets rib（1a2）, assemble bore（1a）Two groups of swing arm radius arc support bases of upper setting（1d）, often
Group swing arm radius arc support base（1d）Upper connection damper supporting support（1e）;Rivet rib（1a2）Periphery be provided for
Sealed dust cover（6）.
2. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned ball pin（2）With upper ball base（3）, lower ball
Seat（5）The ball pin bulb surface of contact（2a）Smear lubricating grease.
3. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned supporting support（1e）Plane on have
Damper circle pilot hole.
4. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned dust cover（6）Interior injection lubricating grease.
5. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned upper ball base（3）And lower ball base（5）Adopt
With powder metallurgy, oil processing is contained after carburizing and quenching.
6. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned ball pin（2）Using high strength alloy steel
Modifier treatment.
7. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned lubricating sleeve（4）Using high molecular polymerization
Thing, and add anti-wear agent, fire retardant.
8. ball pin joint under steering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned ball pin（2）Surface uses zinc-plated place
Reason.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710257396.1A CN106989100A (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2017-04-19 | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710257396.1A CN106989100A (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2017-04-19 | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106989100A true CN106989100A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
Family
ID=59415242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710257396.1A Pending CN106989100A (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2017-04-19 | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106989100A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108869527A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽天裕汽车零部件制造有限公司 | A kind of spindle bulb |
| CN112172429A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 北京汽车集团越野车有限公司 | Lower A word arm structure, lower A word arm assembly, suspension system and vehicle |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020197103A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-12-26 | Dana Corporation | Bearing socket liner for ball joint |
| CN202326683U (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-07-11 | 玉环津力汽车配件有限公司 | Automobile ball |
| CN204458805U (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-07-08 | 宁波优适捷传动件有限公司 | Ball joint assembly |
| CN204533203U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-08-05 | 江苏希西维轴承有限公司 | A kind of ball pin bearing |
| CN106080765A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of non-maintaining drag-link joint |
| CN206943207U (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-01-30 | 江苏希西维轴承有限公司 | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint |
-
2017
- 2017-04-19 CN CN201710257396.1A patent/CN106989100A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020197103A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-12-26 | Dana Corporation | Bearing socket liner for ball joint |
| CN202326683U (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-07-11 | 玉环津力汽车配件有限公司 | Automobile ball |
| CN204533203U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-08-05 | 江苏希西维轴承有限公司 | A kind of ball pin bearing |
| CN204458805U (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-07-08 | 宁波优适捷传动件有限公司 | Ball joint assembly |
| CN106080765A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of non-maintaining drag-link joint |
| CN206943207U (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-01-30 | 江苏希西维轴承有限公司 | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108869527A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽天裕汽车零部件制造有限公司 | A kind of spindle bulb |
| CN108869527B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-09-15 | 安徽天裕汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Automobile steering knuckle ball head |
| CN112172429A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 北京汽车集团越野车有限公司 | Lower A word arm structure, lower A word arm assembly, suspension system and vehicle |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8757648B1 (en) | Control arm assembly with ball joint for automotive suspension | |
| CN104540693A (en) | Assembly of a ball joint and a triangular suspension arm | |
| CA2734215C (en) | Torque rod | |
| US20140035247A1 (en) | Steering axle assembly with self-lubricated bearings | |
| US9096259B2 (en) | Steering knuckle assembly with snap ring spindle retention and a method of manufacture | |
| CN102351009B (en) | Novel front axle steering knuckle assembly device | |
| CN104421378B (en) | Particularly for the damping device of the transmission mechanism of motor vehicle | |
| US8434770B2 (en) | Transverse link on a motor vehicle | |
| US8777241B1 (en) | Suspension component with tapered spindle joint | |
| CN102802970B (en) | For the wheel stand of multi link formula independent suspension | |
| CN106989100A (en) | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint | |
| US20200361267A1 (en) | Wear mitigated damper assembly for a vehicle | |
| CN108372764A (en) | A kind of linear guiding rear-suspension system using double rod end bulb | |
| CN212860981U (en) | Front suspension device for all-terrain vehicle | |
| CN105667234A (en) | Automobile thrust rod | |
| CN107084189A (en) | Skibob and its double ball pin axle beds | |
| CN206943207U (en) | One kind turns to lower ball pin joint | |
| CN201931959U (en) | Balancing suspension system of heavy-duty car | |
| CN205009906U (en) | Suspension assembly and car | |
| US20090160151A1 (en) | A-arm frame with bearing for hauling devices | |
| CN102555723A (en) | Balance suspension system of heavy-duty automobile | |
| CN110740884B (en) | Steering knuckle for vehicle | |
| CN110997459B (en) | Wheel suspension | |
| CN105152009A (en) | Wheel assembly and application thereof | |
| Poojari et al. | Design, analysis of steering system and front suspension for an Electric All-Terrain vehicle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170728 |