CN106977278A - Potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106977278A CN106977278A CN201710215789.6A CN201710215789A CN106977278A CN 106977278 A CN106977278 A CN 106977278A CN 201710215789 A CN201710215789 A CN 201710215789A CN 106977278 A CN106977278 A CN 106977278A
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- parts
- sugarcane
- fertilizer
- potassium polyphosphate
- potassium
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- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CUGMJFZCCDSABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[As+3].[As+3] CUGMJFZCCDSABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraarsenic tetrasulfide Chemical compound S1[As]2S[As]3[As]1S[As]2S3 XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209051 Saccharum Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 phenolic aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229930182493 triterpene saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种肥料，具体涉及一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥及其生产方法，属于肥料生产技术领域。The invention relates to a fertilizer, in particular to a potassium polyphosphate slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane and a production method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer production.
背景技术Background technique
甘蔗是甘蔗属（Saccharum）的总称，原产于热带、亚热带地区。甘蔗是制造蔗糖的重要原料，种植面积广且具有较高经济价值，在我国广西地区种植面积尤其大。甘蔗秆直立，粗壮多汁，表面常披白粉，叶为互生，边缘具小锐齿状，花穗为复总状花序。甘蔗味甘、涩，性平，无毒，其中含有丰富的糖分、水分、多种维生素、蛋白质、钙、铁等物质，具有清热生津的功效，颇受人们的喜爱。Sugarcane is the general term for Saccharum , which is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Sugarcane is an important raw material for the manufacture of sucrose, with a wide planting area and high economic value, especially in Guangxi, my country. The sugarcane stalks are upright, thick and juicy, often covered with white powder on the surface, the leaves are alternate, with small sharp teeth on the edges, and the flower spikes are compound racemes. Sugarcane tastes sweet, astringent, mild in nature, and non-toxic. It is rich in sugar, water, multivitamins, protein, calcium, iron and other substances. It has the effect of clearing away heat and promoting body fluid, and is very popular among people.
甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物，生长周期长，生产量高，养分需求量大。甘蔗一生可分为苗期、分蘖期、伸长期以及工艺成熟期，甘蔗生长发育必需的营养元素有磷、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、硅、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、氯。在甘蔗的整个生育期需肥总量中，幼苗期占1％左右，分蘖期占8％～12％，伸长期占50％以上，成熟期占20％～40％。伸长期吸收氮量占总吸收量的50％～60％，磷、钾各占70％；成熟期吸收氮占30％～40％，磷、钾各占20％左右。因此，伸长期吸收氮、磷、钾最多，对产量的形成和影响也最大。甘蔗从土壤Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country, with a long growth cycle, high production and high nutrient demand. The whole life of sugarcane can be divided into seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage and process maturity stage. The nutrients necessary for the growth and development of sugarcane include phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, silicon, iron, manganese, Copper, Zinc, Boron, Molybdenum, Chlorine. In the total amount of fertilizer required in the whole growth period of sugarcane, the seedling stage accounts for about 1%, the tillering stage accounts for 8%-12%, the elongation stage accounts for more than 50%, and the mature stage accounts for 20%-40%. The amount of nitrogen absorbed in the elongation period accounts for 50% to 60% of the total absorption, and phosphorus and potassium each account for 70%; nitrogen absorption in the mature stage accounts for 30% to 40%, and phosphorus and potassium each account for about 20%. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are absorbed the most during the elongation period, and the formation and influence on yield are also the greatest. sugar cane from the soil
中吸收养分有两种来源，一是土壤本身的供肥能力，这种能力主要受土壤肥力、质地等影响，二是靠人工施肥进行供给。在现代甘蔗农业中，人工施肥已成为甘蔗生产和高产高糖栽培的最重要措施。在我国甘蔗主产区，需要进行多次施肥才能满足甘蔗生产所需的养分，甘蔗整个生产期一般需要施基肥、攻苗肥、攻孽肥、攻茎肥和壮尾肥。多次施肥劳动强度大，费时费工，已不适应现代甘蔗产业发展的需要。There are two sources of nutrients absorbed by plants, one is the soil's own fertilizer supply capacity, which is mainly affected by soil fertility and texture, and the other is the supply by artificial fertilization. In modern sugarcane agriculture, artificial fertilization has become the most important measure for sugarcane production and high-yield and high-sugar cultivation. In the main sugarcane producing areas in my country, multiple fertilizations are required to meet the nutrients required for sugarcane production. Generally, the entire production period of sugarcane requires the application of basal fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, evil fertilizer, stem fertilizer and tail fertilizer. Repeated fertilization is labor-intensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is no longer suitable for the development of the modern sugarcane industry.
缓释肥具有肥料用量减少，利用率提高，施用方便，省工安全等优点，目前，缓释肥已成为世界各国肥料工业可持续发展的方向。而在甘蔗所用的缓释肥方面，人们也不断的进行研究，检索到相关的文献如：申请号为201210240813.9的中国专利公开了一种甘蔗专用低浓度缓释肥，该缓释肥中所含氮、磷、钾的比例是氮 ：磷 ：钾为 15:8:5。该发明可有效提高甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率和株高，试验表明提高甘蔗出苗率 0.9%-1.7%、分蘖率 2.3%-4.2%、株高 2.0-3.3cm ；可显著提高甘蔗的农业产量，试验表明提高甘蔗的单产0.8-1.5t·hm 2 ；可明显改善甘蔗的品质，试验表明提高甘蔗田间锤度0.3%-0.6%、蔗糖分0.3%-0.5% ；减少施肥次数，降低劳动力成本，较适合在我国南方热带亚热带的蔗区肥料中等的土壤上施用。又如，申请号为201210027532.5的中国专利公开了一种甘蔗控释肥及其制备工艺，该甘蔗控释肥，其包括外层的包裹层和在内的肥料颗粒，包Slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of reduced fertilizer consumption, improved utilization rate, convenient application, labor-saving and safety, etc. At present, slow-release fertilizer has become the sustainable development direction of the fertilizer industry in all countries in the world. And aspect the used slow-release fertilizer of sugarcane, people also constantly carry out research, retrieve relevant literature such as: application number is that the Chinese patent of 201210240813.9 discloses a kind of low-concentration slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane, contained in this slow-release fertilizer The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 15:8:5. This invention can effectively improve sugarcane emergence rate, tillering rate and plant height. Tests show that sugarcane emergence rate is improved by 0.9%-1.7%, tillering rate is 2.3%-4.2%, and plant height is 2.0-3.3cm; the agricultural output of sugarcane can be significantly improved. Tests show that increasing the yield of sugarcane by 0.8-1.5t·hm 2 can significantly improve the quality of sugarcane. Tests show that the field Brix of sugarcane is increased by 0.3%-0.6%, and the sucrose content is 0.3%-0.5%; the frequency of fertilization is reduced, and labor costs are reduced. It is more suitable for application on medium-fertilizer soil in tropical and subtropical sugarcane areas in southern China. As another example, the Chinese patent application number 201210027532.5 discloses a sugarcane controlled-release fertilizer and its preparation process. The sugarcane controlled-release fertilizer includes an outer coating layer and inner fertilizer particles.
裹层和肥料颗粒的重量比为 0.3～3 ：7～12，肥料颗粒包含氮、磷、钾、钙和锌；另外，该发明还提供了制备甘蔗肥料的应用和方法等。上述提到的两个文献虽然生产得到的甘蔗肥都有较好的缓释作用，但是他们都是比较注重补充甘蔗的 氮、磷、钾元素，在微量元素以及有机质的补充方面不足。The weight ratio of the coating layer to the fertilizer granule is 0.3-3:7-12, and the fertilizer granule contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and zinc; in addition, the invention also provides the application and method for preparing sugarcane fertilizer and the like. Although the sugarcane fertilizers produced by the above-mentioned two documents have good slow-release effects, they all pay more attention to supplementing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements of sugarcane, and are insufficient in the supplementation of trace elements and organic matter.
目前，缓释肥已成为世界各国肥料工业可持续发展的方向。缓释肥有有机合成型缓释肥和包膜型缓释肥两种，其中，包膜型缓释肥具有优异的可控缓释性能，一直是缓释肥研究开发的重点方向和主要任务。但包膜型缓释肥目前使用的包膜材料通常是非肥分聚合物，有效肥分低，产品成本高，且非肥分聚合物价格高，最终导致甘蔗的产量和糖分较低，同时造成蔗区生态环境污染。At present, slow-release fertilizer has become the direction of sustainable development of the fertilizer industry in various countries in the world. There are two kinds of slow-release fertilizers: organic synthetic slow-release fertilizer and coated slow-release fertilizer. Among them, the coated slow-release fertilizer has excellent controllable slow-release performance, and has always been the key direction and main task of slow-release fertilizer research and development. . However, the coating materials currently used for coated slow-release fertilizers are usually non-fertilizer polymers, which have low effective fertilizer content, high product costs, and high prices of non-fertilizer polymers, which eventually lead to low yield and sugar content of sugarcane, and at the same time cause Environmental pollution in sugarcane fields.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥及其生产方法，该多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥是根据甘蔗生长的需肥特点进行配制的，可以提供甘蔗生长所需的多种营养元素，而且肥料中的营养成分能够缓慢释放，肥效长久，有利于提高肥料的利用率，起到增产增收、提高甘蔗含糖量的作用。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer and production method thereof, this potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the characteristics of the fertilizer needed for sugarcane growth, and can provide the required polysaccharides for sugarcane growth. Nutrients, and the nutrients in the fertilizer can be released slowly, and the fertilizer effect is long-lasting, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, increasing production and income, and increasing the sugar content of sugarcane.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，包括以下重量份数的原料：A potassium polyphosphate slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
尿素45-60份；多聚磷酸钾25-28份；生化黄腐酸钾30-35份；硫酸镁0.2-0.4份；氯化钙0.2-0.3份；微量元素1-1.5份；茶皂素2-5份；花生麸8-10份；骨粉5-10份；腐熟鸡粪10-15份；膨润土10-15份。所述的微量元素及重量比为Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1。45-60 parts of urea; 25-28 parts of potassium polyphosphate; 30-35 parts of biochemical potassium fulvic acid; 0.2-0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate; 0.2-0.3 parts of calcium chloride; 1-1.5 parts of trace elements; tea saponin 2-5 parts; 8-10 parts of peanut bran; 5-10 parts of bone meal; 10-15 parts of decomposed chicken manure; 10-15 parts of bentonite. The trace elements and weight ratio are Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1.
上述的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，所述的多聚磷酸钾的制备方法包括以下步骤：Above-mentioned potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer, the preparation method of described potassium polyphosphate comprises the following steps:
①将黄磷置于燃烧炉中于500～700℃下燃烧，得到P2O5 气体；① Put yellow phosphorus in a combustion furnace and burn it at 500-700°C to get P 2 O 5 gas;
②用风机将P2O5气体抽到聚合塔中，不断的淋水使P2O5气体溶到水中，至溶液中的P2O5的重量浓度达到72～87%，得到溶液；②Use a fan to pump the P 2 O 5 gas into the polymerization tower, continuously pour water to dissolve the P 2 O 5 gas into the water, until the weight concentration of P 2 O 5 in the solution reaches 72-87%, and obtain a solution;
③在得到的溶液中，按照硫化氢气体:溶液为1:1000～2000的重量比例将硫化氢气体通入溶液中，反应生成硫化砷固体，过滤，检测溶液中的砷含量降到1PPM以下，重金属的含量降到30 PPM以下，得到多聚磷酸；3. in the solution that obtains, according to hydrogen sulfide gas: solution is 1:1000～2000 weight ratio hydrogen sulfide gas is passed in the solution, reaction generates arsenic sulfide solid, filters, and the arsenic content in the detection solution drops below 1PPM, The content of heavy metals is reduced to below 30 PPM to obtain polyphosphoric acid;
④将得到的多聚磷酸缓慢滴加到质量分数为65%以上的氢氧化钾溶液中，严格控制反应的温度在15～45℃之间，边滴加边搅拌，反应120～180分钟，检测产物中K2O和P2O5的重量百分含量，待产物中K2O的含量为33%，P2O5含量为10%，反应结束，制得多聚磷酸钾。④ Slowly add the obtained polyphosphoric acid into the potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of more than 65%, strictly control the reaction temperature between 15-45°C, stir while adding, react for 120-180 minutes, and detect The weight percentage of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 in the product, the content of K 2 O in the product is 33%, the content of P 2 O 5 is 10%, the reaction is completed, and potassium polyphosphate is prepared.
所述的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，其生产方法为：将重量份数的茶皂素溶解于适量水，然后加入到多聚磷酸钾中，然后按照重量份数将尿素、生化黄腐酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钙以及微量元素加入到多聚磷酸钾中混合搅拌均匀，再加入花生麸、骨粉、腐熟鸡粪以及膨润土进行混合，得混合物，将混合物经自动给料系统粉碎，充分掺和均匀、按转鼓造粒法造粒，颗粒分筛，最后经过磁化处理后分筛，自动计量包装，检验合格后即得。The production method of the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer is as follows: dissolving tea saponin in an appropriate amount of water in parts by weight, then adding it to potassium polyphosphate, and then mixing urea and biochemical yellow rot in parts by weight Potassium polyphosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and trace elements are added to potassium polyphosphate and mixed evenly, then peanut bran, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure and bentonite are added for mixing to obtain a mixture, which is pulverized by an automatic feeding system, Fully mixed evenly, granulated according to the drum granulation method, granules are sieved, and finally sieved after magnetization treatment, automatically measured and packaged, and the product is ready after passing the inspection.
本发明中，生化黄腐酸钾是一种多价酚型芳香族化合物与氮化合物的缩聚物，系纯天然发酵品，无任何毒副作用；生化黄腐酸钾除高含量的的黄腐酸外，还富含植物生长过程中所需的几乎全部氨基酸、氮、磷、钾、多种酶类、糖类（低聚糖、果糖等）蛋白质、核酸、胡敏酸和VC、VE以及大量的B族维生素等营养成份，对植物的生长发育起着全面的调节作用。生化黄腐酸钾能促进植物根系生长和提高根系活动，有利于植株对水分和营养元素的吸收，以及提高叶绿素含量，增强光合作用，以提高植物的抗逆能力。In the present invention, biochemical potassium fulvic acid is a condensation polymer of polyvalent phenolic aromatic compounds and nitrogen compounds, which is a pure natural fermentation product without any toxic and side effects; biochemical potassium fulvic acid can remove high-content fulvic acid In addition, it is also rich in almost all amino acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various enzymes, sugars (oligosaccharides, fructose, etc.) proteins, nucleic acids, humic acid, VC, VE and a large amount of amino acids required for plant growth. B vitamins and other nutrients play a comprehensive role in regulating the growth and development of plants. Biochemical potassium fulvic acid can promote the growth of plant roots and increase root activity, which is beneficial for plants to absorb water and nutrients, increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, and improve plant stress resistance.
所用的茶皂素（Tea Saponin），又名茶皂甙。是从茶籽饼粕中提取出的一种皂类，基本结构由三萜皂甙、结构糖、结构酸组成。茶皂素具有杀虫、杀菌、刺激植物增长等生物活性。茶皂素能自动降解，无毒害，茶皂素对菜青虫具有一定胃毒和较强的忌避作用，且浓度越高，忌避越强，对防治菜青虫危害包心菜有一定效果。在园林花卉上用作杀虫剂防治地下害虫，如地老虎、线虫等害虫。在本发明中加入的茶皂素能起到害虫驱避剂的作用，从而提高甘蔗的防虫害能力。The tea saponin used is also known as tea saponin. It is a kind of soap extracted from tea seed cake, and its basic structure is composed of triterpene saponins, structural sugars and structural acids. Tea saponin has biological activities such as insecticidal, bactericidal, and plant growth stimulation. Tea saponin can be automatically degraded and is non-toxic. Tea saponin has a certain stomach toxicity and strong repelling effect on cabbage caterpillars, and the higher the concentration, the stronger the repelling effect. It is used as an insecticide on garden flowers to control underground pests, such as cutworms, nematodes and other pests. The tea saponin added in the present invention can act as a pest repellent, thereby improving the insect-resistant ability of the sugarcane.
本发明中，所用的骨粉为猪、牛、羊等动物的骨粉，含有丰富的营养素，除含钙20％～30％ 、磷8％～14％外，还含Mg、K、Na、Ba、Co、Cu、Fe、Mo、Ni、Ti、V、Zn、Sr等微量元素，氨基酸种类齐全(18种)；骨粉是一种很好的迟效性磷肥，能为农作物提供生长所需的磷元素，提高肥效，而且在肥料中加入骨粉对改良酸性土壤和促进农作物生长十分有利。In the present invention, the bone meal used is the bone meal of animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, etc., which contains rich nutrients, except calcium 20% ~ 30%, phosphorus 8% ~ 14%, also contains Mg, K, Na, Ba, Trace elements such as Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Ti, V, Zn, Sr, and a complete range of amino acids (18 types); bone meal is a good slow-acting phosphate fertilizer, which can provide the phosphorus needed for growth of crops Elements, improve fertilizer efficiency, and adding bone meal to fertilizer is very beneficial to improving acidic soil and promoting crop growth.
膨润土(Bentonite)是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分的非金属矿产。它具有特殊的吸水性、水塑性、粘结性以及较强的离子交换性，膨润土施入土壤后，能吸水膨胀，改变土壤中固体、液体、气体的比例，使土壤结构疏松、起到改善土壤物理性状的作用，使土壤保水、保肥又不污染土壤环境，在干旱地区是极为有效的土壤改良剂。膨润土具有较高的阳离子交换量、较强的保水能力及良好的黏结性，阳离子交换量是土壤保肥供肥的一个重要指标。膨润土用于改良土壤，除了具有较强的保肥保水性能外，它还可以增强土壤的缓冲能力，吸附土壤中的有害元素。膨润土加入到土壤中能够降低有机物料的分解速率，提高腐殖化系数，从而增加有机质的含量和质量，提高土壤酶活性，改善土壤肥力状况。而且膨润土还具有较强的吸附作用，可利用膨润土作尿素的缓释载体，制备缓释氮素肥，提供氮素的肥料利用率。Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral whose main mineral component is montmorillonite. It has special water absorption, water plasticity, cohesiveness and strong ion exchange. After bentonite is applied to the soil, it can absorb water and expand, change the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, make the soil structure loose and improve The role of soil physical properties can make the soil retain water and fertilizer without polluting the soil environment. It is an extremely effective soil improver in arid areas. Bentonite has high cation exchange capacity, strong water retention capacity and good cohesion. The cation exchange capacity is an important indicator of soil fertilizer supply. Bentonite is used to improve soil. In addition to its strong fertilizer and water retention properties, it can also enhance the buffering capacity of the soil and absorb harmful elements in the soil. Adding bentonite to the soil can reduce the decomposition rate of organic materials, increase the humification coefficient, thereby increasing the content and quality of organic matter, increasing soil enzyme activity, and improving soil fertility. Moreover, bentonite also has a strong adsorption effect, and bentonite can be used as a slow-release carrier of urea to prepare slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and provide nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明多聚磷酸铵制备方法独特，未见报道，本发明自制的多聚磷酸钾养分含量高，溶解性好，不易与钙、镁、铁、铝等离子反应而使磷酸根失效，多聚磷酸钾是一种快速与长效结合的肥料，能为作物提供所需的磷元素和钾元素，聚磷酸钾容易被作物吸收。本发明自制的多聚磷酸钾在常温下性质稳定，常温下放置3个月无沉淀，运输和使用方便。但是聚磷酸钾的生产不容易控制，本发明制备多聚磷酸钾，物料投加的顺序必须是多聚磷酸滴加到氢氧化钾中，因多聚磷酸粘度很大而且反应会放出大量的热量，如果把氢氧化钾滴加到多聚磷酸中，反应热很难传递给冷却装置，易导致局部温度过高致使生成的聚磷酸钾水解而失败。而且所用的氢氧化钾的浓度需在65%以上，否则产物中水分过多，无法得到所需的K2O和P2O5含量。本发明制备多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥先制备多聚磷酸钾，采用该工艺制成的多聚磷酸钾聚合度适中，其中含有约50%正磷酸钾、约45%的二聚磷酸钾，余下的为更高聚合度的磷酸盐，在这样的比例下，不容易析出聚磷酸钾结晶体，磷元素能长久的缓慢释放，多聚磷酸钾容易被作物吸收，用来制备多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，肥料中的营养元素能缓慢释放，甘蔗能对营养元素进行快速且长效的吸收，利用率高，制成的甘蔗缓释肥肥效好而持久。1, the preparation method of ammonium polyphosphate of the present invention is unique, has no report, and the self-made potassium polyphosphate of the present invention has high nutrient content, good solubility, and is not easy to react with calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum etc. Potassium polyphosphate is a fast and long-lasting fertilizer that can provide the crops with the required phosphorus and potassium elements. Potassium polyphosphate is easily absorbed by crops. The self-made potassium polyphosphate of the present invention has stable properties at normal temperature, no precipitation after being placed at normal temperature for 3 months, and is convenient for transportation and use. But the production of potassium polyphosphate is not easy to control, the present invention prepares potassium polyphosphate, the order of material addition must be that polyphosphoric acid is added dropwise in potassium hydroxide, because polyphosphoric acid viscosity is very big and reaction can emit a large amount of heat , If potassium hydroxide is added dropwise to polyphosphoric acid, the heat of reaction is difficult to transfer to the cooling device, and it is easy to cause the local temperature to be too high to cause the generated potassium polyphosphate to hydrolyze and fail. Moreover, the concentration of potassium hydroxide used must be above 65%, otherwise there is too much water in the product, and the required K 2 O and P 2 O 5 contents cannot be obtained. The present invention prepares potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer firstly to prepare potassium polyphosphate, and the potassium polyphosphate made by this process has a moderate degree of polymerization, which contains about 50% potassium orthophosphate and about 45% potassium dipolyphosphate. The rest is phosphate with a higher degree of polymerization. In such a ratio, it is not easy to precipitate potassium polyphosphate crystals, and the phosphorus element can be released slowly for a long time. Potassium polyphosphate is easily absorbed by crops and is used to prepare potassium polyphosphate sugarcane Slow-release fertilizer, the nutrient elements in the fertilizer can be released slowly, sugarcane can quickly and long-term absorb the nutrient elements, and the utilization rate is high, and the sugarcane slow-release fertilizer produced has good and long-lasting fertilizer effect.
2、本发明制备的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥所用的茶皂素是一种植物源杀虫剂，无公害，具有很好的驱虫杀虫的作用，通过在肥料中加入茶皂素然后再施加到甘蔗地中能够提高甘蔗的抗病、抗虫害能力。本发明将膨润土作为原料之一制备肥料不仅能改善土壤肥力，还能作为尿素的吸附性载体，从而使尿素能够缓慢释放，提高肥料的利用率。本发明加入的微量元素含有Fe、Mn、Zn、B等元素，能为甘蔗提供所需要的微量元素，而且本发明所自制的多聚磷酸钾本身是一种无机聚合物肥料，不仅能为甘蔗提供所需的效力持久的钾源、磷源；而且将硫酸镁、氯化钙以及微量元素加入到多聚磷酸钾中搅拌反应，多聚磷酸钾具有螯合金属离子的作用，能够提高如钙、锰等中微量元素的活性，经过反应后形成的螯合态的微量元素更易被植物吸收，大大提高了甘蔗对中微量元素的吸收效率。本发明加入的多聚磷酸钾不仅不会降低中微量元素的肥效还能提高中微量元素的活性，提高肥效。2, the tea saponin used in the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention is a kind of botanical insecticide, which is pollution-free and has a good effect of repelling insects and killing insects. By adding tea saponin in the fertilizer Then applied to the sugarcane field can improve the disease resistance and pest resistance of sugarcane. The present invention uses bentonite as one of the raw materials to prepare fertilizer, which can not only improve soil fertility, but also serve as an adsorption carrier for urea, so that urea can be slowly released and the utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved. The trace element that the present invention adds contains elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn, B, can provide required trace element for sugarcane, and the self-made potassium polyphosphate of the present invention itself is a kind of inorganic polymer fertilizer, can not only provide sugarcane Provide the required long-lasting potassium source and phosphorus source; and add magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and trace elements to potassium polyphosphate to stir and react. Potassium polyphosphate has the effect of chelating metal ions, which can improve calcium The activity of medium and trace elements such as manganese, etc., the chelated trace elements formed after the reaction are more easily absorbed by plants, which greatly improves the absorption efficiency of sugarcane for medium and trace elements. The potassium polyphosphate added in the invention not only does not reduce the fertilizer efficiency of the medium and trace elements, but also improves the activity of the medium and trace elements and improves the fertilizer efficiency.
3、本发明制备得的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，营养丰富、均衡，富含各种养分及中微量元素，能快速长效的补充甘蔗所需养分，且吸收效果好，利用率高，肥效好而持久。本发明制备的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，所用的多聚磷酸钾本身就具有缓慢释放的功能，而且采用膨润土加入到肥料中，膨润土能作为一种吸附载体吸附肥料中的营养元素，从而控制肥料的释放速度，大大提高肥料的肥效。本发明不需要用到包膜材料对肥料进行包膜从而控制肥料的释放速度，因此，不会对蔗区生态环境造成污染。本发明的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥根据甘蔗生长的需肥特点进行配制，可以提供甘蔗生长所需的多种营养元素，而且肥料中的营养成分能够缓慢释放，肥效长久，有利于提高肥料的利用率，起到增产增收、提高甘蔗品种、提高甘蔗含糖量的作用。3. The potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention is rich in nutrition and balanced, rich in various nutrients and medium and trace elements, can quickly and long-term supplement the nutrients required by sugarcane, and has good absorption effect and high utilization rate , good and long-lasting fertilizer effect. Potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow release fertilizer prepared by the present invention, used potassium polyphosphate itself just has the function of slow release, and adopts bentonite to join in the fertilizer, and bentonite can be used as a kind of adsorption carrier to absorb the nutrient elements in the fertilizer, thereby Control the release speed of fertilizers and greatly improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizers. The invention does not need to use a coating material to coat the fertilizer so as to control the release rate of the fertilizer, so the ecological environment of the sugarcane field will not be polluted. The potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is formulated according to the characteristics of sugarcane growth, which can provide various nutritional elements required for sugarcane growth, and the nutrients in the fertilizer can be released slowly, and the fertilizer effect is long-lasting, which is beneficial to improve the fertilizer efficiency. The utilization rate of sugarcane can increase production and income, improve sugarcane varieties, and increase the sugar content of sugarcane.
6、本申请人是一家生产多年聚磷酸的厂家，几年来一直致力于农业肥料的研究，对各种农作物也进行过施肥中试和大田试验，特别是看到目前农民使用的无机氮磷钾肥料由于含有机质少，长期使用使得土壤板结，植物生长越来越差，病虫害越来越严重，所以采用了新的多聚磷酸铵生产方法，使得植物对肥料的吸收趋向于有机肥的方向。本申请人的几项同一天申请的肥料专利是利用多聚磷酸为基础适应不同的农作物肥料的系列产品，不是为了申请专利而追求数量的情况。6. The applicant is a manufacturer of polyphosphoric acid for many years. It has been committed to the research of agricultural fertilizers for several years. It has also carried out fertilization pilot tests and field tests on various crops. In particular, it has seen the inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium currently used by farmers Because the fertilizer contains less organic matter, long-term use will make the soil harden, the growth of plants will become worse and worse, and the pests and diseases will become more and more serious. Therefore, a new ammonium polyphosphate production method is adopted to make the absorption of fertilizer by plants tend to be in the direction of organic fertilizer. Several fertilizer patents filed by the applicant on the same day are a series of products based on polyphosphoric acid to adapt to different crop fertilizers, not the pursuit of quantity for the purpose of patent application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为采用本发明多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥进行施肥后的甘蔗，从图1中可见，该甘蔗生长健壮，甘蔗茎秆粗大；Fig. 1 is the sugarcane after adopting potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention to fertilize, as seen from Fig. 1, this sugarcane grows robustly, and the sugarcane stalk is thick;
图2为采用普通15-15-15复合肥进行施肥后的生长的甘蔗，从图2可见，该甘蔗的茎秆较细，长势较差。Fig. 2 is the sugarcane grown after being fertilized with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the stalk of the sugarcane is thinner and the growth is poor.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1Example 1
一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，包括以下重量份数的原料：A potassium polyphosphate slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
尿素45份；多聚磷酸钾25份；生化黄腐酸钾30份；硫酸镁0.2份；氯化钙0.2份；微量元素1份；茶皂素2份；花生麸8份；骨粉5份；腐熟鸡粪10份；膨润土10份。所述的微量元素及重量比为Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1。45 parts of urea; 25 parts of potassium polyphosphate; 30 parts of biochemical potassium fulvic acid; 0.2 parts of magnesium sulfate; 0.2 parts of calcium chloride; 1 part of trace elements; 2 parts of tea saponin; 8 parts of peanut bran; 5 parts of bone meal; 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure; 10 parts of bentonite. The trace elements and weight ratio are Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1.
所述的多聚磷酸钾的制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described potassium polyphosphate comprises the following steps:
①将黄磷置于燃烧炉中于500℃下燃烧，得到P2O5 气体；① Put yellow phosphorus in a combustion furnace and burn it at 500°C to get P 2 O 5 gas;
②用风机将P2O5气体抽到聚合塔中，不断的淋水使P2O5气体溶到水中，至溶液中的P2O5的重量浓度达到72%，得到溶液；②Use a fan to pump P 2 O 5 gas into the polymerization tower, continuously pour water to dissolve P 2 O 5 gas into water, until the weight concentration of P 2 O 5 in the solution reaches 72%, and obtain a solution;
③在得到的溶液中，按照硫化氢气体:溶液为1:1000的重量比例将硫化氢气体通入溶液中，反应生成硫化砷固体，过滤，检测溶液中的砷含量降到1PPM以下，重金属的含量降到30 PPM以下，得到多聚磷酸；若检测到溶液中的砷含量和重金属的含量未达到上述要求，则再次在溶液中通入硫化氢气体至溶液中的砷含量和重金属的含量达到上述要求；3. in the solution obtained, according to hydrogen sulfide gas: solution is 1:1000 weight ratio hydrogen sulfide gas is passed in the solution, reaction generates arsenic sulfide solid, filters, and the arsenic content in the detection solution drops below 1PPM, the content of heavy metal content drops below 30 PPM to obtain polyphosphoric acid; if it is detected that the arsenic content in the solution and the content of heavy metals do not meet the above requirements, hydrogen sulfide gas is introduced into the solution again until the arsenic content in the solution and the content of heavy metals reach the above requirements;
④将得到的多聚磷酸缓慢滴加到质量分数为65%以上的氢氧化钾溶液中，严格控制反应的温度为15℃，边滴加边搅拌，反应180分钟，检测产物中K2O和P2O5的重量百分含量，待产物中K2O的含量为33%，P2O5含量为10%，反应结束，制得多聚磷酸钾。④ Slowly add the obtained polyphosphoric acid into the potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 65% or more, strictly control the reaction temperature to 15°C, stir while adding, react for 180 minutes, and detect K 2 O and The weight percentage of P 2 O 5 , the content of K 2 O in the product to be prepared is 33%, the content of P 2 O 5 is 10%, and the reaction is completed to prepare potassium polyphosphate.
所述的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，其生产方法为：将重量份数的茶皂素溶解于适量水，然后加入到多聚磷酸钾中，然后按照重量份数将尿素、生化黄腐酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钙以及微量元素加入到多聚磷酸钾中混合搅拌均匀，再加入花生麸、骨粉、腐熟鸡粪以及膨润土进行混合，得混合物，将混合物经自动给料系统粉碎，充分掺和均匀、按转鼓造粒法造粒，颗粒分筛，最后经过磁化处理后分筛，自动计量包装，检验合格后即得。The production method of the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer is as follows: dissolving tea saponin in an appropriate amount of water in parts by weight, then adding it to potassium polyphosphate, and then mixing urea and biochemical yellow rot in parts by weight Potassium polyphosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and trace elements are added to potassium polyphosphate and mixed evenly, then peanut bran, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure and bentonite are added for mixing to obtain a mixture, which is pulverized by an automatic feeding system, Fully mixed evenly, granulated according to the drum granulation method, granules are sieved, and finally sieved after magnetization treatment, automatically measured and packaged, and the product is ready after passing the inspection.
实施例2Example 2
一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，包括以下重量份数的原料：A potassium polyphosphate slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
尿素55份；多聚磷酸钾27份；生化黄腐酸钾32份；硫酸镁0.3份；氯化钙0.25份；微量元素1.2份；茶皂素3份；花生麸9份；骨粉7份；腐熟鸡粪13份；膨润土12份。所述的微量元素及重量比为Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1。55 parts of urea; 27 parts of potassium polyphosphate; 32 parts of biochemical potassium fulvic acid; 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate; 0.25 parts of calcium chloride; 1.2 parts of trace elements; 3 parts of tea saponin; 9 parts of peanut bran; 7 parts of bone meal; 13 parts of decomposed chicken manure; 12 parts of bentonite. The trace elements and weight ratio are Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1.
所述的多聚磷酸钾的制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described potassium polyphosphate comprises the following steps:
①将黄磷置于燃烧炉中于600℃下燃烧，得到P2O5 气体；① Put yellow phosphorus in a combustion furnace and burn it at 600°C to get P 2 O 5 gas;
②用风机将P2O5气体抽到聚合塔中，不断的淋水使P2O5气体溶到水中，至溶液中的P2O5的重量浓度达到80%，得到溶液；②Use a fan to pump the P 2 O 5 gas into the polymerization tower, continuously pour water to dissolve the P 2 O 5 gas into the water, until the weight concentration of P 2 O 5 in the solution reaches 80%, and obtain a solution;
③在得到的溶液中，按照硫化氢气体:溶液为1:1500的重量比例将硫化氢气体通入溶液中，反应生成硫化砷固体，过滤，检测溶液中的砷含量降到1PPM以下，重金属的含量降到30 PPM以下，得到多聚磷酸；3. in the solution obtained, according to hydrogen sulfide gas: solution is 1:1500 weight ratio hydrogen sulfide gas is passed in the solution, reacts and generates arsenic sulfide solid, filters, and the arsenic content in the detection solution drops below 1PPM, the content of heavy metal The content drops below 30 PPM to obtain polyphosphoric acid;
④将得到的多聚磷酸缓慢滴加到质量分数为70%的氢氧化钾溶液中，严格控制反应的温度为30℃，边滴加边搅拌，反应140分钟，检测产物中K2O和P2O5的重量百分含量，待产物中K2O的含量为33%，P2O5含量为10%，反应结束，制得多聚磷酸钾。④ Slowly add the obtained polyphosphoric acid into the potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 70%, strictly control the reaction temperature at 30°C, stir while adding, react for 140 minutes, and detect K 2 O and P in the product 2 O 5 weight percent content, the content of K 2 O in the product is 33%, the content of P 2 O 5 is 10%, the reaction is completed, and potassium polyphosphate is prepared.
所述的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，其生产方法为：将重量份数的茶皂素溶解于适量水，然后加入到多聚磷酸钾中，然后按照重量份数将尿素、生化黄腐酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钙以及微量元素加入到多聚磷酸钾中混合搅拌均匀，再加入花生麸、骨粉、腐熟鸡粪以及膨润土进行混合，得混合物，将混合物经自动给料系统粉碎，充分掺和均匀、按转鼓造粒法造粒，颗粒分筛，最后经过磁化处理后分筛，自动计量包装，检验合格后即得。The production method of the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer is as follows: dissolving tea saponin in an appropriate amount of water in parts by weight, then adding it to potassium polyphosphate, and then mixing urea and biochemical yellow rot in parts by weight Potassium polyphosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and trace elements are added to potassium polyphosphate and mixed evenly, then peanut bran, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure and bentonite are added for mixing to obtain a mixture, which is pulverized by an automatic feeding system, Fully mixed evenly, granulated according to the drum granulation method, granules are sieved, and finally sieved after magnetization treatment, automatically measured and packaged, and the product is ready after passing the inspection.
实施例3Example 3
一种多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，包括以下重量份数的原料：A potassium polyphosphate slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
尿素60份；多聚磷酸钾28份；生化黄腐酸钾35份；硫酸镁0.4份；氯化钙0.3份；微量元素1.5份；茶皂素5份；花生麸10份；骨粉10份；腐熟鸡粪15份；膨润土15份。所述的微量元素及重量比为Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1。60 parts of urea; 28 parts of potassium polyphosphate; 35 parts of biochemical potassium fulvic acid; 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate; 0.3 parts of calcium chloride; 1.5 parts of trace elements; 5 parts of tea saponin; 10 parts of peanut bran; 10 parts of bone meal; 15 parts of decomposed chicken manure; 15 parts of bentonite. The trace elements and weight ratio are Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B:Mo=4:3:3:2:2:1.
所述的多聚磷酸钾的制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described potassium polyphosphate comprises the following steps:
①将黄磷置于燃烧炉中于700℃下燃烧，得到P2O5 气体；① Put yellow phosphorus in a combustion furnace and burn it at 700°C to get P 2 O 5 gas;
②用风机将P2O5气体抽到聚合塔中，不断的淋水使P2O5气体溶到水中，至溶液中的P2O5的重量浓度达到87%，得到溶液；②Use a fan to pump the P 2 O 5 gas into the polymerization tower, continuously pour water to dissolve the P 2 O 5 gas into the water, until the weight concentration of P 2 O 5 in the solution reaches 87%, and obtain a solution;
③在得到的溶液中，按照硫化氢气体:溶液为1:2000的重量比例将硫化氢气体通入溶液中，反应生成硫化砷固体，过滤，检测溶液中的砷含量降到1PPM以下，重金属的含量降到30 PPM以下，得到多聚磷酸；3. in the solution that obtains, according to hydrogen sulfide gas: solution is 1:2000 weight ratio that hydrogen sulfide gas is passed into solution, and reaction generates arsenic sulfide solid, filters, and the arsenic content in detection solution drops to below 1PPM, and the content of heavy metal The content drops below 30 PPM to obtain polyphosphoric acid;
④将得到的多聚磷酸缓慢滴加到质量分数为65%以上的氢氧化钾溶液中，严格控制反应的温度为45℃，边滴加边搅拌，反应120分钟，检测产物中K2O和P2O5的重量百分含量，待产物中K2O的含量为33%，P2O5含量为10%，反应结束，制得多聚磷酸钾。④ Slowly add the obtained polyphosphoric acid into the potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 65% or more, strictly control the reaction temperature to 45°C, stir while adding, react for 120 minutes, and detect the K 2 O and The weight percentage of P 2 O 5 , the content of K 2 O in the product to be prepared is 33%, the content of P 2 O 5 is 10%, and the reaction is completed to prepare potassium polyphosphate.
所述的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥，其生产方法为：将重量份数的茶皂素溶解于适量水，然后加入到多聚磷酸钾中，然后按照重量份数将尿素、生化黄腐酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钙以及微量元素加入到多聚磷酸钾中混合搅拌均匀，再加入花生麸、骨粉、腐熟鸡粪以及膨润土进行混合，得混合物，将混合物经自动给料系统粉碎，充分掺和均匀、按转鼓造粒法造粒，颗粒分筛，最后经过磁化处理后分筛，自动计量包装，检验合格后即得。The production method of the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer is as follows: dissolving tea saponin in an appropriate amount of water in parts by weight, then adding it to potassium polyphosphate, and then mixing urea and biochemical yellow rot in parts by weight Potassium polyphosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and trace elements are added to potassium polyphosphate and mixed evenly, then peanut bran, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure and bentonite are added for mixing to obtain a mixture, which is pulverized by an automatic feeding system, Fully mixed evenly, granulated according to the drum granulation method, granules are sieved, and finally sieved after magnetization treatment, automatically measured and packaged, and the product is ready after passing the inspection.
应用效果apply effects
为进一步说明本发明生产得到的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥的优点，发明人采用生产得到的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥在广西区内一些大的甘蔗地进行过多次试验，其中，在广西南宁市横县的试验情况如下：For further illustrating the advantages of the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer that the present invention produces, the contriver adopts the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer that produces to carry out repeated tests in some large sugarcane fields in Guangxi, wherein, The test situation in Heng County, Nanning City, Guangxi is as follows:
1、供试甘蔗品种：新台糖16号。1. The variety of sugarcane tested: Xintai Sugar No. 16.
2、试验设置：2. Test settings:
试验设3个处理，各处理3次重复，随机区组排列，每个处理小区面积200m2；试验设置如下：Three treatments were set up in the experiment, and each treatment was repeated three times, arranged in random blocks, and the area of each treatment plot was 200m 2 ; the experiment settings were as follows:
处理1：甘蔗种植时按照35kg/亩的施加量将本发明制得的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥均匀施入甘蔗种植沟中，在甘蔗进入大生长期时结合中耕培土，将 N 含量46%的尿素按照25kg/亩、将含P2O5 16%的过磷酸钙按照 10kg/亩的施加量施于甘蔗根系附近，同时对甘蔗进行培土，保证肥料被土壤覆盖；Treatment 1: when sugarcane is planted, apply the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention evenly into the sugarcane planting ditch according to the application amount of 35kg/mu, and when the sugarcane enters the large growth period, combine with cultivating soil to reduce the N content to 46%. Apply 25kg/mu of urea and 10kg/mu of calcium superphosphate containing P 2 O 5 to the vicinity of the sugarcane root system, and at the same time cultivate the sugarcane to ensure that the fertilizer is covered by the soil;
处理2：甘蔗种植时按照35kg/亩的施加量将本发明制得的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥均匀施入甘蔗种植沟中，在甘蔗进入大生长期时结合中耕培土，不追肥；Treatment 2: when sugarcane is planted, apply the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention evenly into the sugarcane planting ditch according to the application amount of 35kg/mu, and when the sugarcane enters the large growth period, combine with cultivating soil and do not topdress;
处理3：甘蔗种植时将常规甘蔗用肥-使用15-15-15复合肥按照35kg/亩的施加量均匀施入甘蔗种植沟中，在甘蔗进入大生长期时结合中耕培土，将 N 含量46%的尿素按照25kg/亩、将含P2O5 16%的过磷酸钙按照 10kg/亩的施加量施于甘蔗根系附近，同时对甘蔗进行培土，保证肥料被土壤覆盖；Treatment 3: When planting sugarcane, apply conventional sugarcane fertilizer - 15-15-15 compound fertilizer into the sugarcane planting ditch at an application rate of 35kg/mu. When the sugarcane enters the large growth period, combine with cultivating soil to reduce the N content to 46%. Apply 25kg/mu of urea and 10kg/mu of calcium superphosphate containing P 2 O 5 to the vicinity of the sugarcane root system, and at the same time cultivate the sugarcane to ensure that the fertilizer is covered by the soil;
试验统一时间种植和追肥、培土，其它甘蔗田间管理措施相同。In the experiment, planting, topdressing and soil cultivation were performed at the same time, and other sugarcane field management measures were the same.
4、试验结果：4. Test results:
三组不同处理对甘蔗增糖以及产量等的影响如下表1所示：The effects of three different treatments on sugarcane sugar increase and yield are shown in Table 1 below:
从上表1中可见，相比于不施用本发明多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥的处理3，施用本发明多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥的处理1和处理2在甘蔗的产量以及甘蔗的糖锤度、旋光糖度以及蔗糖分等方面的含量都得到了提高，说明使用本发明的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥能大大提高甘蔗的品质以及产量，而对于都施加了本发明多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥的处理1与处理2，经过对比可见，两者在产量和品质方面差别不大，说明本发明多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥具有较好的缓释作用，即使在甘蔗生长期间不施加尿素等进行追肥，甘蔗地中的还有一定的肥料为甘蔗的生长提供养分，进而说明了本发明生产的多聚磷酸钾甘蔗缓释肥肥效好且肥效长久。As can be seen from the above table 1, compared with the treatment 3 that does not use the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, the yield of sugarcane and the yield of sugarcane and the yield of sugarcane are treated 1 and 2 using the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention. The contents of aspects such as sugar brix degree, optical rotation and sucrose fraction have all been improved, illustrating that using the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention can greatly improve the quality and output of sugarcane, and for all applied polyphosphoric acid of the present invention The processing 1 and processing 2 of potassium sugarcane slow-release fertilizer can be seen through comparison, the two have little difference in yield and quality, illustrate that potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer of the present invention has good slow-release effect, even in sugarcane growth Do not apply urea etc. to carry out topdressing during the period, there is also certain fertilizer in the sugarcane field to provide nutrients for the growth of sugarcane, and then illustrated that the potassium polyphosphate sugarcane slow-release fertilizer produced by the present invention has good fertilizer effect and long-term fertilizer effect.
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| CN107963926A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-27 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of canarium pimela slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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