CN105924250A - Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and preparing method of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and a preparation method thereof. The compound fertilizer is a powdery fertilizer with a pH value greater than 9.0 made from nitrogen fertilizer raw materials, phosphate fertilizer raw materials, potash fertilizer raw materials and medium and trace elements; including suitable crop vegetative growth periods determined according to the nutritional characteristics of crops in different growth periods. , Three formulas for the common growth period of the vegetative body and the reproductive body, and the growth period of the reproductive body: (1) The vegetative growth period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.2-2.5:0.5-1:0.5-1; (2) The vegetative body During the growth period with the reproductive body: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6～1:0.3～1:1～2; (3) the growth period of the reproductive body: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6～1:0.3～1:1.2～3 . The compound fertilizer of the invention can gradually improve soil acidity in the long-term fertilization process, make the soil pH tend to be neutral, promote the growth of banana vegetative bodies, increase the banana yield and economic benefits.

Description

a high pH Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high value and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. More specifically, it relates to a high pH value (alkaline) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Banana is one of the fruits widely planted in the tropical and subtropical regions, and it is also the largest fruit in the southern subtropical regions of my country. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, my country's banana industry has developed rapidly. my country's banana planting area increased from 14,600 hectares in 1978 to 311,100 hectares in 2008. Total banana production has increased from 3.3 million tons in 1995 to 10.3981 million tons in 2011. The banana industry has become one of the pillar industries of agriculture in the subtropical region of my country. The rise and fall of the banana industry has affected the development of the local rural economy, social stability and the living standards of farmers.

Although the total area of banana cultivation in my country has increased with the passage of time since the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century, they were 0.46, 5.76, 163,000 and 296,000 hectares respectively. The growth rate is decreasing, and the growth rate is 11.52, 1.83 and 0.82 respectively. Especially since the 1990s, the cultivated area of bananas in my country has shown a significant decreasing growth. In recent years, my country's banana production has also declined, from 10.3981 million tons in 2011 to 9.08 million tons in 2014. The main reason is that the banana industry has been harmed by the banana wilt disease. Banana Fusarium wilt is the most serious Fusarium wilt to banana growth, that is, Panama race 4 disease. Due to the emergence and spread of banana wilt, the banana planting industry has gradually declined and shrunk, leading to the verge of extinction of the banana industry in traditional banana cultivation areas in my country. According to incomplete statistics, Fusarium wilt is the most serious damage in major banana producing areas such as Guangdong and Hainan. From the 1990s to the present, in just 20 years, Guangdong banana fusarium wilt has developed from a sporadic incidence to a total area of more than 66,700 hectares; more than 80% of the 50,000 to 70,000 hectares of banana orchards in Hainan have died. Fusarium wilt occurs. Compared with 2010, the area under banana cultivation in Hainan decreased by almost 50% in 2013, and according to statistics from relevant departments, the area under cultivation in 2015 decreased by nearly 60%. Since the banana wilt has not been effectively controlled, the newly planted banana production areas such as Yunnan and Guangxi have also begun to outbreak banana wilt in large areas.

Fusarium oxysporum race 4, the pathogen of banana wilt, has strong pathogenicity and long survival time, and is the most harmful to bananas. The suitable conditions for the outbreak of Fusarium oxysporum of banana wilt are: pH value 5.0-6.0, temperature 26-30°C. It is very prone to disease under the conditions of acidic soil (pH<6) and low soil fertility, heavy texture, compacted plow layer, poor drainage and poor permeability in banana orchards. Studies have shown that the acidification of cultivated land in banana orchards in my country is the main reason for the rapid spread and outbreak of banana wilt. The outbreak time of banana wilt is usually when the bananas are about to bud. Banana wilt is a fungal soil-borne disease that infects the vascular bundles of bananas. So far, there is no effective chemical agent for the control of banana wilt, so it is difficult to cure it. Once the banana wilt breaks out at this time, the banana harvest is almost complete.

One of the reasons for the acidification of cultivated land in my country is the long-term application of large amounts of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, in the past 30 years. In my country, like other countries in the world, the nitrogen fertilizers in chemical fertilizers are mainly urea and ammonium nitrogen fertilizers, which are just physiologically acidic fertilizers; the other type of chemical fertilizers with a large amount of application is compound fertilizers, which are generally physical acidic fertilizers. In particular, the fertilizers produced by the amino acid method and the compounding process in my country are strongly acidic. Soil acidification will cause imbalance of soil nutrients, activation of soil heavy metal elements, imbalance of soil microbial diversity, and decrease of soil productivity. Improper application of chemical fertilizers can also lead to the enrichment of certain types of soil microorganisms and the reduction or even loss of another type of microorganisms, that is, the imbalance or destruction of soil microbial diversity. After soil acidification, the soil microfungi in banana orchards will be the main microbial population, and the banana wilt disease, that is, the spores of Fusarium oxysporum will germinate and roughly outbreak of banana wilt disease. Therefore, how to solve the soil acidification caused by improper fertilizer application and other reasons is the fundamental way to solve the serious threat of fusarium wilt in the development of my country's banana industry.

At present, the prevention and control measures of banana fusarium wilt are summarized as follows: breeding of disease-resistant seedlings, chemical control, biological control, soil amendments, comprehensive field cultivation and other measures. But so far these methods are either difficult to take effect, or they are only palliatives, not the root cause, and they have not directly solved the source of fertilizers that cause soil acidification and aggravate banana wilt. For example, breeding disease-resistant seedlings has invested a lot of money and time at present. Although there are many disease-resistant banana seedlings reported in the literature, there is no stable yield, quality comparable to that of the Brazilian Banana family, and no degeneration of varieties. Disease-resistant seedlings are truly replacing Brazilian bananas in production. Chemical control is the use of various chemical drugs to prevent and control, but banana wilt is a disease of banana vascular bundles. When bananas have considerable symptoms, the vascular bundles have been killed, and chemical control is no longer effective. Biological control generally refers to microbial agents, and its effect is similar to that of chemical control. When bananas have considerable symptoms, biological control is also ineffective. Chemical control and biological control can only be combined with the current popular comprehensive prevention and control, and they will be used for a long time after bananas are transplanted to ensure the healthy growth of bananas and achieve the purpose of healthy and disease resistance. Soil improvers generally use alkaline substances such as lime, and use lime to temporarily improve soil acidity, but the effect is not long-lasting, and lime cannot be used for a long time, otherwise it will cause soil compaction. Some people also use other alkaline minerals or industrial wastes in production, but no one knows what and how much pollutants will be brought into the soil? How will it affect human health? Comprehensive prevention and control is actually to take various agricultural measures that are conducive to the growth of bananas from the seedlings to harvesting of bananas to ensure the healthy growth of bananas. The essence is still to improve the environment for banana growth, especially the use of a large amount of organic fertilizer, so as to increase the number of soil microorganisms and restore the diversity of soil microorganisms.

However, it is not known that soil microorganisms are balanced or balanced in the natural state, that is, under neutral soil conditions. The most convincing fact is that 30 years ago, my country’s economy was underdeveloped, and farmers mainly used soil miscellaneous fertilizers, that is, farmyard manure, which is what we call high-quality organic fertilizers. At that time, the pH of the soil could be kept in a natural state. At that time, the pH value of acidic soil in southern my country was around 6.5, and the lowest brick red soil in Fujian and Leizhou Peninsula was only around 6. However, at present, most of the soil pH in southern my country is between 5 and 5.5, and some areas are even lower. Therefore, a series of problems such as the destruction of soil microbial diversity, soil-borne diseases, and continuous cropping obstacles have endangered agricultural production one after another. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of population growth and solve food security problems, the application of chemical fertilizers to increase yields has led to soil acidification. At present, chemical fertilizers are still a necessary measure for high crop yields.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and technical deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and its preparation method, which is a kind of compound fertilizer that can improve soil acidity and prevent and control banana withering It is a high-pH (alkaline) solid compound fertilizer that can meet the needs of banana growth and development, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and its preparation and application technology. The high pH value (alkaline) solid compound fertilizer prepared by this technology can replace conventional fertilizers to supply nutrients needed for banana growth, and can gradually improve soil acidity in the long-term fertilization process, making the soil pH value tend to be neutral, thereby Restore soil microbial diversity and achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling banana wilt. The fertilizer can not only ensure that the production will not be reduced without reducing fertilization, but also will not cause environmental pollution and food safety problems due to unknown substances in the improver.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value.

The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a preparation method of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value, and contains three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium necessary for plant growth and development. The pH value of the fertilizer is as high as 9.0 or more, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be adapted to crop growth. There are three series of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer formulations in the early stage, namely the vegetative growth period, the middle growth period, that is, the vegetative and reproductive body growth period, and the late growth period, that is, the reproductive body growth period. The compound fertilizer is a solid compound fertilizer prepared under a certain preparation method from raw materials that have no nitrogen volatilization loss, no phosphate degradation reaction, no potassium ion determinative reaction, and no trace element determinative reaction under alkaline conditions. Mixed fertilizer. The series of formulas refer to high-nitrogen ratio compound fertilizers suitable for crop seedling growth points, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizers suitable for mid-term growth, and high-potassium compound fertilizers suitable for later growth points. The preparation method refers to the dry powder mixing method. The form of the product is powder.

Specifically, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value is made of nitrogen fertilizer raw materials, phosphate fertilizer raw materials, potassium fertilizer raw materials and medium and trace elements. The product is in powder form, and the pH value of the fertilizer is greater than 9.0; According to the nutritional characteristics of crops, determine three fertilizer formulas suitable for crop vegetative growth period, vegetative body and reproductive body growth period, and reproductive body growth period: (1) Crop vegetative growth period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.2~ 2.5: 0.5～1.0: 0.5～1.0; (2) The co-growth period of crop vegetative body and reproductive body: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6～1.0: 0.3～1.0: 1.0～2.0; (3) The growth period of crop reproductive body: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6-1.0:0.3-1.0:1.2-3.0.

Wherein, preferably, the pH value is 9.0-14.

Preferably, the crop is a banana, and the three fertilizer formulas suitable for the vegetative growth period, the vegetative and vegetative growth period, and the vegetative growth period are: (1) The banana vegetative growth period, that is, the banana seedling stage : The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 22:8:15; (2) The vegetative body and reproductive body grow together from the big seedling stage to the budding stage of banana: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25; (3) Banana reproductive The body growth period is banana fruit growth and development period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:30.

In addition, the above-mentioned fertilizers are not only suitable for bananas, but also suitable for the vegetative growth period of other fruit trees, leafy vegetables, and gramineous crops.

In addition, preferably, among the raw materials of the above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value, the nitrogenous fertilizer raw materials are: urea-formaldehyde with a nitrogen content of 36%, urea-formaldehyde with a nitrogen content of 40%, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate One or more of , sodium nitrate or urea;

The phosphate fertilizer raw materials are: heavy superphosphate, rich superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium magnesium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, methyl phosphate One or more of , ethyl phosphate or phenyl phosphate;

The potassium fertilizer raw material is: one or more of potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, neutral potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, silicon magnesium potassium fertilizer, potassium kiln dust or plant ash;

The medium and trace elements include medium element magnesium, trace element boron and trace element zinc.

More preferably, the raw material of the medium element magnesium is: magnesite (mainly composed of magnesium carbonate), magnesium sulfate 7H ₂ O, magnesium chloride, potassium magnesium fertilizer, potassium magnesium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, Baiyun One or more of rock or silicon magnesium potash fertilizers;

Preferably, the raw material of the trace element boron is: one or a combination of borax or boric acid;

Preferably, the raw material of the trace element zinc is: zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, basic zinc carbonate, zinc glass, lignin zinc carbonate, zinc naphthenate emulsion or chelated zinc one or more of them.

Preferably, in the above compound fertilizers, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the compound fertilizer is 1% to 80%, and the proportion of medium and trace elements in the compound fertilizer is 0.5% to 6%.

In addition, as a preferred embodiment, in the above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value, the mass fractions of different nitrogen fertilizer raw materials in the compound fertilizer are respectively: 1 to 60% of urea-formaldehyde with a nitrogen content of 36%, Urea-formaldehyde 1-60% with 40% nitrogen content, potassium nitrate 1-50%, calcium nitrate 1-20%, sodium nitrate 0-20%, urea 0-15%; adjust according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ;

Preferably, the mass fractions of different phosphate fertilizer raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: heavy superphosphate 1-20%, rich superphosphate 1-40%, ammonium polyphosphate 1-10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0-5% %, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0-5%, Potassium monohydrogen phosphate 0-5%, Potassium magnesium phosphate 0-5%, Methyl phosphate 0-5%, Ethyl phosphate 0-5%, Phenyl phosphate 0-5% %; adjust according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;

Preferably, the mass fractions of different potash raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: potassium nitrate 1-50%, potassium hydroxide 1-15%, potassium carbonate 1-25%, potassium bicarbonate 1-15%, neutral chlorine Potassium chloride 0-20%, potassium sulfate 0-20%, silicon-magnesium-potassium fertilizer 0-20%, kiln ash potassium 0-20%, plant ash 0-20%; adjust according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

More preferably, in the above-mentioned high-pH NPK compound fertilizer, the mass fractions of the raw materials of different middle element magnesium in the compound fertilizer are: magnesite 0.5-20%, magnesium sulfate 7H ₂ O 0.5～20%, magnesium chloride 0.5～20%, potassium magnesium fertilizer 0.5～20%, potassium magnesium sulfate 0.5～20%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.5～20%, steel slag phosphate fertilizer 0.5～20%, dolomite 0.5～20%, Silicon-magnesium-potassium fertilizer 0.5-20%;

Preferably, the mass fractions of different trace element boron raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: borax 0.01-6%, boric acid 0.01-6%;

Preferably, the mass fractions of different trace element zinc raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: 0.01-5% zinc sulfate, 0.01-5% zinc chloride, 0.01-5% zinc oxide, 0.01-5% zinc sulfide, Zinc phosphate 0.01-5%, basic zinc carbonate 0.01-5%, zinc vitreous body 0.01-5%, lignin zinc carbonate 0.01-5%, zinc naphthenate emulsion 0.01-5%, chelated zinc 0.01-5%.

In addition, the above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value is prepared by the following method: Weigh the required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace element fertilizer raw materials according to the formula ratio, mix them uniformly and pulverize them on a chain pulverizer, Pass through a 0.3-1.0mm sieve to obtain a powdery compound fertilizer product with a high pH value.

Preferably, the crushing is passed through a 0.5mm sieve.

In addition, as a more preferred embodiment, the mass fraction formulations of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value for the three growth periods of crops are as follows:

(1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers with high pH during the vegetative growth period of crops: urea formaldehyde 1-60%, potassium nitrate 1-50%, calcium nitrate 1-20%, heavy superphosphate 1-20%, Ammonium polyphosphate 1~10%, potassium hydroxide 1~15%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5~20%, borax 0.01~6%, zinc sulfate 0.01~5%; and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.2~ 2.5:0.5～1.0:0.5～1.0 (preferably nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio 22:8:15).

(2) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value during the co-growth period of crop vegetative body and reproductive body: urea formaldehyde 1-60%, potassium nitrate 1-50%, calcium nitrate 1-20%, urea 1-15% %, heavy superphosphate 1-20%, potassium hydroxide 1-15%, plant ash 1-20%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5-20%, borax 0.01-6%, zinc sulfate 0.01-5%; And the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6-1.0:0.3-1.0:1.0-2.0 (preferably the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25).

(3) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers with high pH value during the reproductive body growth period of crops: urea formaldehyde 1-60%, potassium nitrate 1-51%, calcium nitrate 1-20%, urea 1-15%, double superphosphoric acid Calcium 1-20%, potassium hydroxide 1-15%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5-20%, borax 0.01-6%, zinc sulfate 0.01-5%; and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6-1.0: 0.3～1.0:1.2～3.0 (preferably nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio 15:5:30).

Most preferably, the mass fraction formulations of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value for the three growth stages of crops are as follows:

(1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value during the vegetative growth period of crops: urea formaldehyde 53.00%, potassium nitrate 14.00%, calcium nitrate 5.00%, heavy superphosphate 6.00%, ammonium polyphosphate 7.00%, hydroxide Potassium 10.00%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.

(2) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers with high pH value during the co-growth period of crop vegetative bodies and reproductive bodies: 11.00% urea formaldehyde, 43.00% potassium nitrate, 13.00% calcium nitrate, 7.00% urea, 10.00% triple superphosphate, Potassium hydroxide 6.00%, plant ash 5.00%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.

(3) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value during the growth period of crop reproductive body: urea formaldehyde 7.00%, potassium nitrate 51.00%, calcium nitrate 13.00%, urea 7.00%, triple superphosphate 10.00%, potassium hydroxide 7.00% %, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.

As the preferred scheme that can be implemented, the embodiment of the present invention part has provided concrete example:

A nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value is a fertilizer with a pH value greater than 9.0 made from nitrogen fertilizer raw materials, phosphorus fertilizer raw materials, potassium fertilizer raw materials, and medium and trace elements; specifically, it is determined according to the nutritional characteristics of crops in different growth periods. Three fertilizer formulas suitable for crop vegetative growth period, vegetative and reproductive body growth period, and reproductive body growth period:

(1) Banana vegetative growth period is the banana seedling stage: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 22:8:15; the specific fertilizer components and their ratios are as follows: 53 parts of urea formaldehyde, 14 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 6 parts of heavy superphosphate, 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts of potassium hydroxide, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), 0.75 parts of borax, 0.25 parts of zinc sulfate;

(2) The co-growth period of the vegetative body and the reproductive body from the banana seedling stage to the budding stage: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25; the specific fertilizer components and their ratios are as follows: 11 parts of urea formaldehyde, 43 parts of potassium nitrate 13 parts of calcium nitrate, 7 parts of urea, 10 parts of double superphosphate, 6 parts of potassium hydroxide, 5 parts of plant ash, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), 0.75 parts of borax, and 0.25 parts of zinc sulfate;

(3) Banana reproductive body growth period Banana fruit growth and development period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:30; the specific fertilizer components and their ratios are as follows: 7 parts of urea formaldehyde, 51 parts of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate 13 parts, 7 parts of urea, 10 parts of heavy superphosphate, 7 parts of potassium hydroxide, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), 0.75 parts of borax, and 0.25 parts of zinc sulfate.

In addition, more preferably, the preparation method of the above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value is: firstly mix the raw materials except urea, zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer evenly, then mix with urea and zinc fertilizer in turn, and finally mix with phosphate fertilizer Mix well, then pulverize and sieve in a dry environment, measure and pack; during the pulverization process, avoid contact between moist air and materials.

In addition, the high pH value of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer prepared by the above method, and the application of the above high pH value of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in banana field soil restoration and/or banana cultivation are also protected by the present invention. within range.

Specifically, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value can gradually improve soil acidity during the long-term fertilization process, and make the soil pH value tend to be neutral, thereby achieving the purpose of restoring soil microbial diversity and preventing and controlling banana wilt. Purpose. The fertilizer can not only ensure that the production will not be reduced without reducing fertilization, but also will not cause environmental pollution and food safety problems due to unknown substances in the improver.

After a lot of research and exploration, the present invention aims to solve the acidity problem of soil such as banana orchards, and proposes the concept of alkaline fertilizer with high pH value for the first time. The purpose is to provide a fertilizer that can improve the acidity of the soil, and more importantly Unfortunately, the fertilizer must also meet the growing needs of the crop. Our expectation is not only to obtain a fertilizer that improves the acidity of the soil, but also at the same time that the fertilizer can meet the needs of crop growth not bad, or even better than ordinary fertilizers.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprehensively considers the nutritional characteristics of plants (especially crops such as bananas) and the coordination of various nutrients in fertilizers, chemical reactions and nutrient effects, etc., so that there is no nitrogen volatilization reaction at high pH values. , Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc fertilizers that have no phosphate degradation and no potassium ion fixation reaction are used as raw materials. According to the nutritional characteristics, three nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios are designed: high nitrogen type, medium nitrogen and high potassium type, and high potassium type. A certain mixing order is used to mix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements respectively, and then crush and sieve to prepare the pH value. Powdered compound fertilizers above 9.

The formula obtained by the present invention breaks through the difficult problem of nitrogen volatilization and loss under high pH value in the reciprocating mixed fertilizer, and has achieved remarkable progress in the aspect of manufacturing high pH value fertilizer, and the high pH value compound fertilizer prepared is high pH value. Nitrogen will not volatilize, phosphorus will not precipitate, potassium will not be fixed under the high value (alkaline condition), no nitrogen volatilization loss, no phosphorus fertilizer degradation and failure, it is important to be able to gradually improve soil acidity in the long-term fertilization process , so that the soil pH tends to be neutral, promote the growth of banana vegetative bodies, increase banana yield and economic benefits.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention uses nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers that do not volatilize nitrogen, precipitate phosphorus, and fix potassium under alkaline conditions as raw materials, and prepare fertilizers suitable for plants (especially bananas) according to the characteristics of plant nutrition. A series of compound fertilizers with three nutritional stages. The compound fertilizer of the present invention is especially suitable for acidic soil, and is a high pH (alkaline) compound fertilizer designed according to the three vegetative periods of crops

When farmers apply fertilizers, they can also gradually neutralize the acidity of the soil with the alkalinity of the fertilizer itself, so that the soil will gradually become neutral and achieve the purpose of improving the acidity of the soil.

The technology of the invention can guarantee the preparation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with alkaline raw materials, and the process is simple and the fertilizer performance is stable.

Another feature of the present invention is that urea-formaldehyde, one of the nitrogen raw materials, is a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, so that the compound fertilizer of the present invention has a long-term function, that is, using the fertilizer of the present invention can not only supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improve soil acid Alkaline, and the fertilizer nitrogen has long-term slow-release performance, which can realize one-base free topdressing or light and simple fertilization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the effect of the high pH value compound fertilizer of the present invention on the soil pH value.

Figure 3 is the effect of each treatment on banana plant height.

Figure 4 is the effect of each treatment on the maximum leaf area of banana.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field.

Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

Example 1 high pH Value (alkaline) NPK compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer in vegetative growth period)

1. Formula

A high pH (alkaline) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer suitable for the vegetative growth period of bananas. According to the nutritional characteristics of bananas, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the vegetative growth period of bananas is 22:8:15. The specific formula is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

In addition to being suitable for bananas, this formula is also suitable for the vegetative growth period of other fruit trees, leafy vegetables, and gramineous crops.

2. Preparation method

First, mix the metered potassium hydroxide with urea formaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and borax, then mix it with zinc sulfate, and finally mix it with double superphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate, and then grind it in the drying room Sieve and serve as product. The analytical formula (NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O) of this product is 22-8-15, and the pH value of the fertilizer is >9.

Example 2 high pH Value (alkaline) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer in the growth period of vegetative body and reproductive body)

1. Formula

A high pH (alkaline) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer suitable for the growth period of banana vegetative and reproductive bodies. The ratio is 15:5:25, and the specific formula of the fertilizer is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

In addition to being applicable to bananas, the formula is also suitable for the co-growth period of vegetative and reproductive bodies of other fruit trees.

2. Preparation method

First, mix the metered potassium hydroxide with urea formaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, borax, and plant ash, then mix it with urea, and finally mix it with double superphosphate and zinc sulfate, and then grind it in the drying room Sieve and serve as product. The analytical formula (NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O) of this product is 15-5-25, and the pH value of the fertilizer is >9.

Example 3 high pH Value (alkaline) NPK compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer in reproductive body growth period)

1. Formula

A high pH (alkaline) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer suitable for the growth period of the banana reproductive body. According to the nutritional characteristics of bananas, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium suitable for the growth of the banana reproductive body is 15:5:30. The specific formulation of the fertilizer is shown in Table 3.

table 3

In addition to being suitable for bananas, this formula is also suitable for the growth period of reproductive bodies of other fruit trees.

2. Preparation method

First, mix the metered potassium hydroxide with urea formaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and borax, then mix it with urea, and finally mix it evenly with double superphosphate and zinc sulfate, and then crush and sieve it in a drying room. into products. The analytical formula (NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O) of this product is 15-5-30, and the pH value of the fertilizer is >9.

Example 4 high pH Research on Field Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Compound Fertilizer with Value (Alkaline)

1. Test fertilizer

(1) Experimental group

The special series of high pH (alkaline) compound fertilizers for bananas of the present invention are compound fertilizers prepared according to the above-mentioned Examples 1, 2, and 3, and are respectively recorded as: high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (22:8:15, denoted as AF1 ), medium nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer (15:5:25, denoted as AF2), high potassium compound fertilizer (15:5:30, denoted as AF3).

(2) Control group

Conventional fertilizer (control, CK): Use urea (containing N, 46.0%), diammonium phosphate (containing P ₂ O ₅ , 44.0%), and potassium chloride (containing K ₂ O, 60.0%) to prepare nitrogen and phosphorus respectively Potassium 22:8:15 (denoted as CK1), 15:5:25 (denoted as CK2), 15:5:30 (denoted as CK3) is a conventional compound fertilizer with three ratios.

2. The tested banana varieties

Brazil banana ( Musa AAA Giant Cavendish cv. Baxi ), after transplanting in the field, enters the flower bud differentiation period in 3 months, enters the budding period in the 7th month, enters the banana young fruit period in the 8th month, and then the fruit gradually expands. 9 to 10 months are the fruit maturity period. Plant 180 plants per mu.

3. Test site

The test site is located in the banana garden of Wanzhong Industrial Co., Ltd., Ledong County, Hainan Province. The company has continuously planted bananas for more than ten years, resulting in acidification of the soil. The soil is sandy loam with a soil pH of 6.03, and the banana wilt disease is serious. The experimental plots were arranged in the diseased area where the average incidence of Fusarium wilt in banana orchards was 62%.

4. Test treatment

Experimental setup The alkaline compound fertilizer (AF) of the present invention and the conventional fertilizer (control, CK) were compared with two treatments. Three repetitions were set up for each treatment, that is, three plots, 1 mu in each plot, and a total of 6 mu of land in the experiment.

The specific design is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Experimental design of high pH value of field banana

Note: The time of the first top dressing is in the small head stage of bananas, that is, about 40 days after transplanting the bananas in the field; the time of the second top dressing is in the stage of turning over the bananas, that is, about 100 days after the bananas are transplanted in the field; the time of the third top dressing In the banana bud stage, that is, about 160 days after the banana is transplanted into the field; the fourth top dressing time is in the banana young fruit stage, that is, about 220 days after the banana is transplanted into the field.

5. Fertilization method

(1) Base fertilizer. The day before planting, the whole banana orchard was sprayed with water to keep the soil of the banana orchard moist. Thoroughly mix the basal fertilizer with the soil dug out of the planting hole, and then backfill the planting hole. After planting, water the roots in time.

(2) Top dressing. For the 1st and 2nd topdressing, use a plow to open furrows (the two directions are vertical) for fertilization. After fertilization, manually repair the ridges and cultivate the soil and spray water. When the water holding capacity of the soil field is less than 70%, water should be sprayed in time. For the 3rd and 4th times, the method of fertilization is used for fertilization, and the fertilizer is evenly spread on the ring-shaped ground 20-40cm away from the banana pseudostem. It is best to fertilize in the evening after the rain, or after irrigation, and do not cover with soil. Water the next day after fertilizing.

6. Calculation of banana output, output value and economic benefits

(1) Banana yield = yield per plant x total number of plants x economic harvest rate.

Among them, the yield per plant is the average value of a single plant of harvestable bananas in each treatment during the entire harvest period; the economic harvest rate is the number of harvestable banana plants with commercial value/total number of banana plants.

(2) Calculation of banana output value: the cumulative output value of each banana output value harvested for each treatment during the entire harvest period.

Output value = ∑ (actual output of each harvest × corresponding unit price).

(3) Economic benefit = total output value - total input.

7. Results and Analysis

(1) Effect of high pH value compound fertilizer on soil pH value of banana orchard during banana growth period

As shown in Figure 2, on the 15th day after each topdressing, the pH value measurement results of the surface 15cm soil within 30cm outside the banana pseudostem showed that from the first topdressing, the treatment with high pH compound fertilizer (AF) The pH value of the soil was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment, and the soil pH value gradually increased with the increase of the number of AF fertilization, while the soil pH value of the CK fertilizer treatment showed a downward trend. On average, the soil pH of the AF treatment was 1.16 units higher than that of the CK treatment throughout the fertilization period (Fig. 2). It shows that the effect of AF fertilizer on improving soil acidity is remarkable.

(2) Effect of high pH fertilizer on banana growth

The results in Figure 2 show that the AF fertilizer can significantly increase the soil pH value, so does the increase in soil pH value affect the growth of bananas? For this reason, after transplanting to the field until the end of the banana bud period, the plant height and maximum leaf area of 5 bananas were regularly surveyed in each plot.

The research results showed that within 134 days after transplanting bananas, there was no significant difference in the plant height of bananas treated with high-pH compound fertilizers and conventional fertilizers, but after 134 days after transplanting, the differences between the two treatments began to appear, and the differences increased significantly. When bananas were transplanted into the field for 202 days, the plant height of bananas treated with high pH compound fertilizer (AF) was significantly higher than that of CK, which was 8% higher than that of CK bananas (Figure 3).

The results of the study also showed (Figure 4) that there was no significant difference in the banana leaf area between the two treatments within 172 days after transplanting, but the difference in the maximum leaf area between the two treatments increased significantly after 172 days of transplanting. At 202 days after transplanting, the leaf area of bananas treated with high pH compound fertilizer (AF) was significantly larger than that of CK, which was 17% larger than that of CK bananas.

It can be confirmed that the application of high-pH compound fertilizer (AF) will not only not affect the growth of bananas while improving the acidity of the soil, but will also benefit the growth of banana stems and leaves in the later stage, laying a good foundation for the high yield of bananas. Base.

(3) Effect of high pH fertilizer on banana yield and economic benefits

The research results also showed that high pH fertilizers are not only beneficial to the growth and development of banana vegetative organs, but also can significantly increase the yield of marbles and the total yield per unit area (Table 5). The results in Table 5 show that the high pH value fertilizer treatment increased the yield per banana plant by 18%, and the yield per unit area increased by as much as 80% compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment.

Table 5 Effects of high pH fertilizers on banana yield and economic benefits

(4) In addition, the research results also show that although the input per unit area of high pH fertilizer is greater than that of conventional fertilizer, the profit of high pH fertilizer treatment per unit area is as high as 80%, so its profit is much greater than that of conventional fertilizer treatment . High-pH fertilizers (AF) increased banana yield by up to 292% compared with conventional fertilizers (Table 6).

Table 6 Effect of high pH value compound fertilizer on banana economic benefits

Note: The average price of bananas is 3.00 yuan/kg; profit = output value - fertilizer cost - other inputs, other inputs mainly include banana seedlings, windproof poles, conventional pesticides, organic fertilizers, irrigation, soil preparation, bagging, land rent, The total cost of plastic film, manual management and harvesting is about 48838 yuan/ha.

It can be confirmed that high pH fertilizer is a good fertilizer for improving the soil acidity of banana orchards, promoting the growth of banana vegetative bodies, increasing banana production and increasing banana economic benefits.

Claims (10)

1. A nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of high pH value is characterized in that, the pH value that is made by nitrogen fertilizer raw material, phosphate fertilizer raw material, potash fertilizer raw material and trace element is greater than the fertilizer of 9.0; Three kinds of fertilizer formulas suitable for crop vegetative growth period, vegetative body and reproductive body growth period, and reproductive body growth period respectively determined by nutritional characteristics: (1) Crops vegetative growth period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.2 to 2.5 : 0.5～1.0: 0.5～1.0; (2) The growth period of crop vegetative body and reproductive body: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6～1.0: 0.3～1.0: 1.0～2.0; (3) The growth period of crop reproductive body: nitrogen The ratio of phosphorus and potassium is 0.6-1.0:0.3-1.0:1.2-3.0. 2. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of high pH value according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described crop is banana, and described is suitable for vegetative body growth period, vegetative body and reproductive body common growth period, reproductive body The three fertilizer formulas in the growth period are: (1) Banana vegetative growth period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 22:8:15; (2) Banana vegetative and reproductive body growth period: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 : 5: 25; (3) The ratio of banana reproductive body growth period fragrance: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 5: 30. 3. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value according to claim 1, wherein the pH value is 9.0 to 14. 4. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of high pH value according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitrogen fertilizer raw material is: the urea formaldehyde of nitrogen content 36%, the urea formaldehyde of nitrogen content 40%, potassium nitrate One or more of , calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or urea; The phosphate fertilizer raw materials are: heavy superphosphate, rich superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium magnesium phosphate, methyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate or one or more of phenyl phosphates; The potassium fertilizer raw material is: one or more of potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, neutral potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, silicon magnesium potassium fertilizer, potassium kiln dust or plant ash; The medium and trace elements include medium element magnesium, trace element boron and trace element zinc. 5. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of high pH value according to claim 4, wherein the raw material of the middle element magnesium is: magnesite, magnesium sulfate 7H ₂ O, magnesium chloride, potassium magnesium fertilizer , one or more of potassium magnesium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, magnesium ammonium phosphate, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, dolomite or silicon magnesium potassium fertilizer; The raw material of the trace element boron is: one or a combination of borax or boric acid; The raw material of the trace element zinc is: one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, basic zinc carbonate, zinc glass, lignin zinc carbonate, zinc naphthenate emulsion or chelated zinc species or several. 6. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value according to claim 4, characterized in that, the mass fractions of different nitrogen fertilizer raw materials in the compound fertilizer are respectively: 1 to 60 urea-formaldehyde with a nitrogen content of 36% %, 1-60% urea-formaldehyde with 40% nitrogen content, 1-50% potassium nitrate, 1-20% calcium nitrate, 0-20% sodium nitrate, 0-15% urea; according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium make adjustments; The mass fractions of different phosphate fertilizer raw materials in compound fertilizers are: heavy superphosphate 1-20%, rich superphosphate 1-40%, ammonium polyphosphate 1-10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0-5%, phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen 0-5%, potassium monohydrogen phosphate 0-5%, potassium magnesium phosphate 0-5%, methyl phosphate 0-5%, ethyl phosphate 0-5%, phenyl phosphate 0-5%; Adjust according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; The mass fractions of different potassium fertilizer raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: potassium nitrate 1-50%, potassium hydroxide 1-15%, potassium carbonate 1-25%, potassium bicarbonate 1-15%, neutral potassium chloride 0 ~20%, potassium sulfate 0~20%, silicon magnesium potassium fertilizer 0~20%, kiln ash potassium 0~20%, plant ash 0~20%; adjust according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. 7. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value according to claim 5, characterized in that, the mass fractions of different middle element magnesium raw materials in the compound fertilizer are respectively: 0.5% to 20% of magnesite , magnesium sulfate 7H ₂ O 0.5~20%, magnesium chloride 0.5~20%, potassium magnesium fertilizer 0.5~20%, potassium magnesium sulfate 0.5~20%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.5~20%, steel slag phosphate fertilizer 0.5~20%, Baiyun Stone 0.5-20%, silicon-magnesium-potassium fertilizer 0.5-20%; The mass fractions of different trace element boron raw materials in the compound fertilizer are: borax 0.01-6%, boric acid 0.01-6%; The mass fractions of different trace element zinc raw materials in compound fertilizers are: zinc sulfate 0.01-5%, zinc chloride 0.01-5%, zinc oxide 0.01-5%, zinc sulfide 0.01-5%, zinc phosphate 0.01 ~5%, basic zinc carbonate 0.01~5%, zinc vitreous body 0.01~5%, lignin zinc carbonate 0.01~5%, zinc naphthenate emulsion 0.01~5%, chelated zinc 0.01~5%. 8. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is prepared by the following method: taking the required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and neutral The trace element fertilizer raw materials are mixed uniformly, pulverized, and passed through a 0.3-1.0mm sieve to obtain a powdery compound fertilizer product with a high pH value. 9. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of high pH value according to claim 8, is characterized in that, it is prepared by the following method: at first raw material except urea, zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are mixed, and then successively with Mix urea and zinc fertilizer, and finally mix with phosphate fertilizer, then crush and sieve in a dry environment, measure and pack; during the crushing process, avoid contact between moist air and materials. 10. the application of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of the high pH value described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in banana field soil restoration and/or banana cultivation.