CN106954417A - A kind of heavy salinized tibet milkwort root fertilizing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and discloses a method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land. The steps of the present invention include pressing salt to prepare the soil, adding decomposed high-quality organic fertilizers and calcium-magnesium-boron fertilizers, and optimizing peanut varieties and sowing timing, double-grain hole sowing, flat planting and film covering, and by selecting peanut varieties with strong salt tolerance, increasing Transformation and utilization of medium and low-yield fields such as saline-alkali land. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of easy control of technical conditions, simple and easy method, high yield and high efficiency, strong operability and reusability of raw materials, and low production cost. Through the method of the present invention, the potential for transformation and utilization of severe saline-alkali land can be fully tapped, the transformation and utilization capacity of saline-alkali land can be increased, the peanut planting area can be expanded, the planting structure can be improved, and farmers’ income can be promoted, and the safety of edible oil and vegetable oil in my country can be guaranteed, so that agricultural development can be highly efficient , high quality and lasting.

Description

A method of fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land.

Background technique

Land salinization has become a worldwide resource and environmental problem. According to statistics, the global area of saline-alkali land has reached 9.55×108hm ² , and the phenomenon of soil salinization in China is becoming more and more serious. According to incomplete statistics from UNESCO and FAO According to statistics, the area of saline-alkali land in China is about 9.91×107hm ² , which is basically in a state to be developed. Among them, the area of salinized land in the Yellow River Delta is 4.43×105hm ² , accounting for about 70% of the total land area, which is the primary factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in this area. At present, the moderate saline-alkali soil in this area mainly grows cotton with strong salt-tolerant ability. However, due to several years of continuous cropping, continuous decline in soil productivity, serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests, coupled with the large amount of cotton labor and continuous decline in profitability, it is urgent to find out what is related to it. Alternative crops in the growth period of cotton, with equivalent benefits and good salt tolerance.

Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop. Peanut oil is one of the main sources of vegetable oil. Peanut plays an important role in China's agricultural development and export earnings. In recent years, the consumption of edible vegetable oil in my country has increased by more than 10% every year, and the contradiction between supply and demand is intensifying. With the gradual expansion of the planting area of food crops, the contradiction between oil crops and food crops competing for land has become increasingly prominent. Select peanut varieties with strong salt tolerance, and at the same time increase the transformation and utilization of low-yielding fields such as saline-alkali land. As one of the substitute crops for cotton in saline-alkali soil areas, it is of great significance to expand the peanut planting area, improve the planting structure and promote farmers' income. It is also necessary to ensure the safety of edible oil and vegetable oil in our country, which is efficient, high-quality and sustainable agricultural development.

Developing, improving, and utilizing nearly 1.3 billion mu of saline-alkali land, developing peanut production in saline-alkali land, and marching into saline-alkali land are effective ways to ensure grain and oil safety. As peanuts are drought-tolerant, barren-resistant and not saline-alkali-resistant crops, peanuts are rarely planted in saline-alkali land in my country, or the yield is very low. Therefore, planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil areas has huge development space and potential, which is conducive to increasing the planting area of peanuts and increasing production.

At present, the main factors that restrict the further increase of peanut production in saline-alkali land are the limitation of planting area and the improvement of agronomic measures. Among them, what kind of salt avoidance measures should be taken to increase the emergence rate of peanuts, ensure that the seedlings are complete, and increase the yield? , An important way to ensure the sustainable development of peanuts in saline-alkali land.

According to previous statistics and research, my country's peanut area is about 80 million mu, 80% of which are distributed on dry and thin land, and almost no peanuts are planted on saline-alkali land. The main reasons are, firstly, due to the low salt tolerance of peanut itself, it is not a salt-tolerant crop, and there are no varieties with strong salt tolerance; The structure is single and fragile, coupled with the time-consuming labor of cotton, and its cost has risen in recent years, and its price and benefit have declined; third, peanuts are planted sporadically in saline-alkali land, the planting area is small, the planting technology is immature, and the lack of seedlings caused by salt damage The ridge phenomenon is prominent, the yield is very low, and the quality is poor. Therefore, the peanut production area in saline-alkali land is small, the technology is low, the yield is unstable, and the economic benefits, social ecology and ecological benefits are low.

Therefore, in the field of crop cultivation technology, it is urgent to provide a method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land that is easy to control the technical conditions, simple and easy to implement, high-yield and efficient, has strong operability, reusability of raw materials, and low production cost.

Contents of the invention

According to the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land, which is easy to control the technical conditions, simple and easy to implement, high yield and high efficiency, strong operability and reusability of raw materials, and low production cost , Effectively improve the peanut production in moderate and severe saline-alkali land.

The method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to the present invention is characterized in that: after the land is filled with water and salt, land preparation and fertilization, suitable peanut varieties and sowing timing are selected, and the planting method of flat cropping and film covering is adopted. The sowing method adopts the double seed hole sowing method;

Wherein, the fertilization includes basal fertilizer and foliar topdressing, and the fertilizer used in the basal fertilizer is: 5000-6000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50 kg/mu of urea, 300-350 kg/mu of general calcium, Boric acid 3.0～3.5 kg/mu; the foliar topdressing is sprayed in the pod stage, and the fertilizer used is: 50 kg/mu of urea solution with a mass fraction of 0.7～1.0%, and a mass fraction of 0.2%～0.5% The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 50 kg/mu, and the ferrous sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 1.0% is 50 kg/mu.

In the present invention, heavy saline-alkali ground peanut production should pay attention to the application of base fertilizer, especially the application of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer; severe saline-alkali ground peanuts are easy to defertilize and premature aging, so increase foliar topdressing.

Among them, the preferred scheme is as follows:

The described irrigation and salt pressing and soil preparation are carried out according to the following steps: leveling the land before sowing, repairing the irrigation ditch for salt pressing, performing fresh water irrigation and salt pressing, keeping the ground surface with a water layer of 1 to 3 cm for 2 to 3 days, The soil water content reaches the soil saturation water content; after the fresh water is irrigated and the salt is pressed, the soil is plowed after the water evaporates.

The irrigation volume of the fresh water irrigation pressure salt is 150-170m ³ /mu.

The peanut variety described is Huayu No. 25 or Huayu No. 36, both of which are salt-resistant peanut varieties.

The timing of sowing is that the ground temperature at 0-10 cm is above 15-16°C.

The sowing method adopts the flat planting method, the peanut row spacing is kept at 28-30cm, the hole spacing is 13-14cm, the density is kept at 16,500 to 18,500 holes/mu, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole.

The film-covering method is to sow peanuts in every two rows and cover them with film, and press the soil in time.

Based on the above preferred scheme, a method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to the present invention may comprise the following steps:

1) Salt pressure soil preparation: Before sowing, carry out land leveling, repair the irrigation ditch for salt pressure, and perform fresh water irrigation and salt pressure, so that the surface maintains a water layer of 1-3 cm for 2-3 days, and the soil moisture content reaches the saturated soil content. The amount of water, the irrigation volume of freshwater irrigation and salt pressing is 150-170m ³ /mu; after fresh water irrigation and salt pressing, soil plowing is carried out after the water evaporates;

2) Fertilization:

① Base fertilizer: decomposed organic fertilizer 5000-6000 kg/mu, urea 40-50 kg/mu, ordinary calcium superphosphate 300-350 kg/mu, boric acid 3.0-3.5 kg/mu;

②Foliar topdressing at the pod stage: 50 kg/mu of urea solution with a mass fraction of 0.7 to 1.0%, 50 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2% to 0.5%, and a mass fraction of 0.5% ～1.0% ferrous sulfate solution 50 kg/mu;

3) Select the peanut variety and sowing timing: the peanut variety is Huayu 25 or Huayu 36, and the sowing timing is 0-10cm and the ground temperature is above 15-16°C;

4) Sowing: adopt the flat planting method, the row spacing of peanuts is kept at 28-30cm, the hole spacing is 13-14cm, the density is kept at 16,500 to 18,500 holes/mu, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole;

5) Film mulching: The method of mulching is flat planting and mulching. Every two rows of peanuts are sown and mulched, and the soil is pressed in time.

The advantages of the present invention are: on the heavily salinized soil, the combination of biological salt avoidance and agronomic salt avoidance techniques such as using fresh water pressure salt irrigation, selecting saline-alkali-resistant peanut varieties, flat-planting and mulching, rational fertilization, and controlling suitable sowing time , so that the peanut yield in medium-to-severe saline-alkali soil can be maintained at 321.2-358.7 kg/mu, which is equivalent to that of non-saline-alkali soil. Fully develop and utilize saline soil, improve the agricultural planting structure in saline-alkali soil areas, especially in moderate-to-severe saline-alkali soil areas, and promote farmers’ income generation , It is of great significance to ensure the safety of edible oil and vegetable oil in our country.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment. The examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention in any form.

Example 1:

1) Soil preparation by pressing salt:

Before sowing, carry out land leveling, repair ridges and ditches, and carry out fresh water irrigation to press salt, and the irrigation volume is 150m ³ /mu, so that the surface maintains a 1-3cm water layer for 2-3 days, and the soil water content reaches the soil saturation water content, making the surface soil especially It is the soil salt in the 0-20cm plow layer that leaches and infiltrates into the deep soil with water to achieve the purpose of desalination under pressure;

2) Fertilize and choose peanut varieties and sowing timing:

After watering and pressing salt, wait for the water to evaporate until the soil moisture content is 70% to 80% of the soil moisture, then plow and fertilize the soil. Fertilizer amount: 4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg/mu of urea, 300 kg of general calcium /mu, boric acid 3.5 kg/mu; reapply organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer; choose Huayu No. 36, a saline-alkali-resistant peanut variety; the timing of sowing is 0-10cm and the ground temperature is above 16°C, that is, it is suitable for severe saline-alkali soil areas. It is better to sow after May 10, and choose May 10; the soil moisture required for sowing and emergence of peanuts in medium-to-severe saline-alkali soil is slightly higher than that of non-saline-alkali soil. The water content is 18% to 20%;

3) Double-seed hole sowing: use the flat planting method, keep the row spacing of peanuts at 28-30cm, the hole spacing at 13-14cm, maintain the density at 16,500 holes/mu, and sow 2 seeds in each hole;

4) Flat-cropping and mulching: The method of mulching is flat-cropping and mulching. Every two rows of peanuts are sown and mulched, and the soil is pressed in time to keep the mulch tight and high-quality.

Example 2:

1) Soil preparation by pressing salt:

Before sowing, carry out land leveling, repair ridges and ditches, and carry out fresh water irrigation to press salt, and the irrigation volume is 170m ³ /mu, so that the surface maintains a 1-3cm water layer for 2-3 days, and the soil moisture reaches the soil saturation moisture content, making the surface soil especially It is the soil salt in the 0-20cm plow layer that leaches and infiltrates into the deep soil with water to achieve the purpose of desalination under pressure;

2) Fertilize and choose peanut varieties and sowing timing:

After watering and pressing salt, wait for the water to evaporate until the soil moisture content reaches 70% to 80% of the soil moisture, then plow and fertilize the soil. Fertilization amount: 5000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg/mu of urea, 300 kg of general calcium / mu, boric acid 3.5 kg / mu; reapply organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer; choose Huayu No. 36, a saline-alkali-tolerant peanut variety; choose May 10 when the ground temperature of 0-10cm is above 16°C; sow peanuts in moderately and severely saline-alkali land The soil moisture required for emergence is slightly higher than that of non-saline-alkali soil. Generally, the relative moisture content of the soil is 70% to 80%, and the moisture content of the 0-20cm surface soil is 18% to 20%.

3) Double-seed hole sowing: use the flat planting method, keep the row spacing of peanuts at 28-30cm, the hole spacing at 13-14cm, maintain the density at 18,500 holes/mu, and sow 2 seeds in each hole;

4) Flat-cropping and mulching: The method of mulching is flat-cropping and mulching. Every two rows of peanuts are sown and mulched, and the soil is pressed in time to keep the mulch tight and high-quality.

Example 3:

1) Soil preparation by pressing salt:

Before sowing, carry out land leveling, repair ridges and ditches, and carry out fresh water irrigation to press salt, and the irrigation volume is 170m ³ /mu, so that the surface maintains a 1-3cm water layer for 2-3 days, and the soil moisture reaches the soil saturation moisture content, making the surface soil especially It is the soil salt in the 0-20cm plow layer that leaches and infiltrates into the deep soil with water to achieve the purpose of desalination under pressure;

2) Fertilize and choose peanut varieties and sowing timing:

After watering and pressing salt, wait for the water to evaporate until the soil moisture content reaches 70% to 80% of the soil moisture, then plow and fertilize the soil. Fertilizer amount: 6000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg/mu of urea, 300 kg of general calcium / mu, boric acid 3.5 kg / mu; reapply organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer; choose Huayu No. 36, a saline-alkali-tolerant peanut variety; choose May 10 when the ground temperature of 0-10cm is above 15°C; sow peanuts in medium-severe saline-alkali soil The soil moisture required for emergence is slightly higher than that of non-saline-alkali soil. Generally, the relative moisture content of the soil is 70% to 80%, and the moisture content of the 0-20cm surface soil is 18% to 20%.

3) Double-seed hole sowing: adopt the flat planting method, keep the row spacing of peanuts at 28-30cm, the hole spacing at 13-14cm, maintain the density at 17,500 holes/mu, and sow 2 seeds in each hole;

4) Flat-cropping and mulching: The method of mulching is flat-cropping and mulching. Every two rows of peanuts are sown and mulched, and the soil is pressed in time to keep the mulch tight and high-quality.

Embodiment 1～3 result and analysis:

Effects of Base Fertilizer Amount on Peanut Yield in Severe Saline-alkali Land

It can be seen from Table 1 that the yield of peanut pods continues to increase with the increase in the amount of base fertilizer, and the yield of peanut pods treated with 4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer + urea + common calcium + boric acid is only 269.5 kg/mu, while the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied as base fertilizer is only 269.5 kg/mu. Under the treatment of 6000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer + urea + common calcium + boric acid, the peanut yield was as high as 342.9 kg/mu, which was 27.2% higher than that of the base fertilizer with 4000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer + urea + common calcium + boric acid.

Table 1 Effect of basal fertilizer dosage on peanut pod yield

Example Pod yield (kg/mu) Example 1 269.5 Example 2 321.2 Example 3 342.9

Example 4:

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Test varieties

The saline-alkali-tolerant peanut variety Huayu 36 was selected.

1.2 Method

Set up a field plot test, set up a flat sowing film mulching test under different sowing dates, repeat 3 times, and arrange randomly. Base fertilizer before sowing: decomposed organic fertilizer 5000 kg/mu, urea 40 kg/mu, general calcium 300 kg/mu, boric acid 3.5 kg/mu. Sow on May 10.

For the above three tests, the following types of foliar topdressing were applied respectively: (1) 0.7% urea solution+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution+0.5% ferrous sulfate solution (test 1); (2) 1.0% urea solution+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution+1.0% ferrous sulfate solution (test 2); (3) 1.5% urea solution+1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution+1.0% ferrous sulfate solution (test 3). The above solutions have been measured by mass fraction.

The method of flat cropping and mulching was adopted, double-grain sowing, hole spacing 13-14cm, density 16500-18500 holes/mu, repeated 3 times. The row spacing is 28-30m, the row length is 10m, and the residential area is 42.50m ² . The experimental field was salted with high water pressure about 15 days in advance before sowing. Sow on May 10 and harvest on September 24.

2 Results and Analysis

2.1 Yield statistics when only base fertilizer is used before foliar topdressing application (Table 2):

Before the application of table 2 foliar topdressing, the yield statistics when only basal fertilizer was used

test Pod yield (kg/mu) test 1 327.5 test 2 325.6 Test 3 332.9

2.2 Effect of foliar topdressing on peanut yield in severe saline-alkali land

As can be seen from Table 3, the yield of peanut pods did not continue to increase but decreased with the increase of foliar spray fertilizer concentration, and the yield of 1.0% urea solution+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution+1.0% ferrous sulfate solution The combined treatment had the highest peanut yield, up to 358.7 kg/mu, while under the treatment of 1.5% urea solution + 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution + 1.0% ferrous sulfate solution, the peanut yield decreased by 5.5 kg/mu.

Table 3 Effect of type and amount of foliar topdressing on peanut pod yield

test Pod yield (kg/mu) test 1 342.4 test 2 358.7 Test 3 327.4

As can be seen from the foregoing, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. It can greatly reduce the risk of peanut production in severe saline-alkali land;

2. Optimize the agricultural planting structure in moderate to severe saline-alkali soil areas, and improve the economic and social benefits of agricultural production;

3. Expand the peanut planting area in the saline-alkali soil area and increase the peanut production;

4. The technical conditions are easy to control, the method is simple and easy, and the production is high and efficient;

5. It has strong operability and reusability of raw materials, and the production cost is reduced.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land, characterized in that: after the land is filled with water to press salt, soil preparation and fertilization, suitable peanut varieties and sowing timing are selected, and the film-covered planting method is adopted, and the film-covered planting method is adopted after sowing first. Double seed hole sowing method; Wherein, the fertilization includes basal fertilizer and foliar topdressing, and the fertilizer used in the basal fertilizer is: 5000-6000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50 kg/mu of urea, 300-350 kg/mu of general calcium, Boric acid 3.0～3.5 kg/mu; the foliar topdressing is sprayed in the pod stage, and the fertilizer used is: 50 kg/mu of urea solution with a mass fraction of 0.7～1.0%, and a mass fraction of 0.2%～0.5% The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 50 kg/mu, and the ferrous sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 0.5% to 1.0% is 50 kg/mu. 2. The method for fertilizing peanuts in a kind of severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that said irrigation and salt pressing and site preparation are carried out according to the following steps: before planting, land leveling and repairing irrigation ditch for salt pressing, Carry out fresh water irrigation to press salt, keep the water layer of 1-3cm on the surface for 2-3 days, and the soil moisture content reaches the soil saturation water content; 3. A method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of fresh water irrigation used for pressing salt is 150-170 m ³ /mu. 4. The method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the peanut variety is Huayu No. 25 or Huayu No. 36. 5. The method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing timing is 0-10 cm and the ground temperature is above 15-16°C. 6. A method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing method adopts a flat planting method, the peanut row spacing is kept at 28-30 cm, the hole spacing is 13-14 cm, and the density is kept at 1.65-18,500 holes/mu , sow 2 seeds per hole. 7. A method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that the film covering method is to sow peanuts in every two rows and cover them with film, and press the soil in time. 8. A method for fertilizing peanuts in severe saline-alkali land according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Salt pressure soil preparation: Before sowing, carry out land leveling, repair the irrigation ditch for salt pressure, and perform fresh water irrigation and salt pressure, so that the surface maintains a water layer of 1-3 cm for 2-3 days, and the soil moisture content reaches the saturated soil content. The amount of water, the irrigation volume of freshwater irrigation and salt pressing is 150-170m ³ /mu; after fresh water irrigation and salt pressing, soil plowing is carried out after the water evaporates; 2) Fertilization: ① Base fertilizer: decomposed organic fertilizer 5000-6000 kg/mu, urea 40-50 kg/mu, ordinary calcium superphosphate 300-350 kg/mu, boric acid 3.0-3.5 kg/mu; ②Foliar topdressing at the pod stage: 50 kg/mu of urea solution with a mass fraction of 0.7 to 1.0%, 50 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2% to 0.5%, and a mass fraction of 0.5% ～1.0% ferrous sulfate solution 50 kg/mu; 3) Select the peanut variety and sowing timing: the peanut variety is Huayu 25 or Huayu 36, and the sowing timing is 0-10cm and the ground temperature is above 15-16°C; 4) Sowing: adopt the flat planting method, the row spacing of peanuts is kept at 28-30cm, the hole spacing is 13-14cm, the density is kept at 16,500 to 18,500 holes/mu, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole; 5) Film mulching: The method of mulching is flat planting and mulching. Every two rows of peanuts are sown and mulched, and the soil is pressed in time.