CN106856736A - Combined type ship shape opens furrow ditch device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined boat-shaped ditch opening device, which comprises two side plates of a planter, a front beam of a frame and a rear beam of a frame. plow and boat-shaped furrow plow, and the tail of each boat-shaped furrow plow is hinged with a boat-shaped support plate; The upper end of the rear plow column of the boat-shaped furrow plow is inserted into the rear plow fixing seat at the rear end of the side plate of the planter, and the front end of the connecting rod of the supporting plate is hinged with the rear plow connecting seat of the rear connecting plate of the boat-shaped furrow plow, and the supporting plate The connecting seat is hinged with one end of the limit adjustment pull rod, and the other end of the limit adjustment pull rod is hinged with one end of the rear seat connecting rod. The plow breaks the soil and turns over the furrow before ditching, and the rear boat-shaped furrow plow turns over the furrow opened by the front plow to form a furrow. A furrow with a stable furrow shape and a clean bottom.

Description

Combined boat-shaped ditch opening device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ditching equipment in agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a combined boat-shaped ditching device used on an oil-wheat dual-purpose seeder.

Background technique

There is a lot of rain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in my country. As the main oil and grain crops planted in winter in this area, rape and wheat have similar sowing dates and sowing procedures. Furrows for irrigation during drought. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, sowing of rapeseed and wheat is mostly carried out in the rice stubble field after rice harvest. The soil in the rice stubble field is densely compacted and the amount of straw is large. The machines used for ditching and ridge building in sandy soil in the north are not suitable for this area. Open furrows and ditches. At present, there are two main methods for mechanized furrowing of rapeseed and wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: one is to use an active rotary ditching machine to open furrows, which has a stable shape but consumes a lot of power; the other The second is to use a single-sided or double-sided furrow plow to open furrows with an acute angle of entry into the soil. This method is simple and convenient to open furrows, but it cannot guarantee a stable furrow pattern, and when the soil moisture content is high or the surface When the amount of straw is large, there will be adhesion and blockage between the soil and the machine.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technologies, and to provide a combined boat-shaped furrowing device for the problems of high power consumption for mechanized sowing of rapeseed and wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the difficulty in opening stable furrows. It is used on the oil-wheat dual-purpose seeder, so it can be adapted to the furrowing operation in the sticky and heavily compacted soil of the rice stubble field.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the combined boat-shaped ditch opening device designed by the present invention includes two symmetrically arranged side panels of the planter, and the front beam and the rear frame of the frame supported between the two side panels of the planter. Beams, the front and rear ends of each side plate of the planter are respectively provided with a front plow for ditching and a boat-shaped furrow plow, and the tail of each of the boat-shaped furrow plows is hinged with a boat-shaped support plate;

The plow before furrowing is a single-sided plow that includes a front plow column, a front plow surface, a front plow side plate, a front plow bottom plate, and a front plow support, and the front plow bottom plate is welded to the front plow column. Bottom, the front plow plate at the bottom of the front plow column, the front plow support connects the front plow surface and the front plow column, and the upper end of the front plow column is inserted into the front plow at the front end of the side plate of the planter to fix Inside the seat; the side plate of the front plow is parallel to the side plate of the planter, and the direction of the plow surface of the front plow is biased towards the inner side of the planter unit;

The upper end of the rear plow column of the boat-shaped furrow plow is inserted into the rear plow fixing seat at the rear end of the side plate of the planter, and the middle part of the rear connecting plate of the boat-shaped furrow plow is provided with a rear plow connecting seat;

The boat-shaped supporting plate includes two front side plates and two rear side plates. The plane where the straight line is located is symmetrically arranged; the rear connecting edge of the front side plate and the front connecting edge of the rear side plate are connected to the side of the trapezoidal connecting plate so that the two front side plates and the two rear side plates are connected through the trapezoidal connecting plate, and The lower bottom edges of the two rear side plates are enclosed by the lower connecting plate to form a closed lower bottom surface;

The boat-shaped supporting plate also includes a supporting plate connecting rod spanning between the straight upper end of the cutting edge and the middle part of the trapezoidal connecting plate and a supporting plate connecting seat welded at the rear position of the lower connecting plate, the supporting plate connecting rod The front end of the rear plow is hinged with the rear plow connecting seat, the supporting plate connecting seat is hinged with one end of the limit adjustment rod, the other end of the limit adjustment rod is hinged with one end of the rear seat connecting rod, and the rear seat The other end of the connecting rod is welded on the rear plow holder.

Further, the limit adjustment pull rod includes an intermediate adjustment rod and connectors at both ends of the intermediate adjustment rod, one end of the connector is connected to the intermediate adjustment rod through threads, and a positioning nut that functions as a limit is installed at the threaded connection.

Further, the front plow surface of the plow before furrowing is a plow body curved surface formed by the straight element line moving continuously along the guide curve according to the element line angle, and the element line angle of the plow body curved surface is 40°-45°, and the lead curve The ratio of the height H to the opening L is 1.7-1.8, the entry angle is 20°-30°, and the tangent angle Ω between the two ends of the guide curve is 105°-125°.

Further, the angle γ between the two front side panels is equal to the angle α between the two breaker plates of the boat-shaped furrow plow.

Further, the inclination angle of the rear side plate is equal to the inclination angle of the boat-shaped furrow plow and leveling soil board.

Further, the front plow column is provided with several front plow adjustment holes along the height direction for adjusting the operating depth of the implement, and the rear plow column is provided with several rear plow adjustment holes along the height direction for adjusting the operating depth of the implement .

Further, the upper surface enclosed by the two front side plates and the trapezoidal connecting plate is provided with an upper connecting plate, and the middle and rear parts of the connecting rod of the pallet are welded at the middle position of the upper connecting plate.

Further, a reinforcing plate is diagonally braced between the rear seat connecting rod and the rear plow fixing seat.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The present invention breaks the soil and plows the furrows before ditching, and then installs a boat-shaped furrow plow to turn over the furrows opened by the front plow to form furrows, and the boat-shaped supporting plates connected thereafter further shape the furrows , can open furrows with stable ditch shape and clean ditch bottom;

2. When the present invention works under the soil condition of viscous heavy compaction and high moisture content, there will be no soil clogging and adhesion between the plow before ditching, the boat-shaped furrow former and the boat-shaped rear support plate, and the whole planter Good machine passing performance;

3. The present invention adopts the combination of plow before furrowing, boat-shaped furrow plow and boat-shaped supporting board to open furrows, which is convenient to be used on the seeder. The boat-shaped supporting board can be disassembled and assembled according to different soil operation environments to simplify ditching Device structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the combined boat-shaped ditch opening device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the plow before ditching in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the boat-shaped furrow plow in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view on the left side of Fig. 4;

Figure 7 is a schematic top view of Figure 4;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the boat-shaped supporting plate in Fig. 1;

Figure 9 is a schematic front view of Figure 8;

Fig. 10 is a schematic view on the left side of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of Fig. 8;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a boat-shaped furrow plow and a boat-shaped pallet;

Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the limit adjustment pull rod in Fig. 12;

Figure 14 is a diagram of the change of plow element line angle before ditching;

Figure 15 is a design diagram of the plow guide curve before ditching;

Fig. 16 is a curve diagram of a cutting edge of a boat-shaped furrow plow soil-breaking plate;

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of forming a boat-shaped furrow plow shaping plate;

Fig. 18 is the design drawing of the guiding curve of the shaping plate of the boat-shaped furrow plow;

Fig. 19 is a furrow opening effect diagram of the combined boat-shaped furrow opening device of the present invention.

The labels of the parts in the figure are as follows: seeder side plate 1, front plow 2 for ditching (among them: front plow column 2a, front plow surface 2b, front plow side plate 2c, front plow bottom plate 2d, front plow support 2e, Front plow adjustment hole 2f), frame front beam 3, front plow fixing seat 4, rear plow fixing seat 5, boat-shaped furrow plow (among them: rear plow column 6a, forming frame body 6b, soil breaking board 6c, cutting edge Curve 6c1, shaping plate 6d, flat soil plate 6e, rear connecting plate 6f, front connecting plate 6g, lower bottom plate 6h, rear plow adjustment hole 6i), supporting plate connecting rod 7, boat-shaped supporting plate 8 (among them: front side plate 8a , cutting edge straight line 8a1, rear side plate 8b, upper connecting plate 8c, lower connecting plate 8d, trapezoidal connecting plate 8e), limit adjustment pull rod 9 (among them: connecting head 9a, middle adjusting rod 9b, positioning nut 9c), rear Seat connecting rod 10, frame rear beam 11, positioning pin 12, latch 13, reinforcing plate 14, rear plow connecting seat 15, supporting plate connecting seat 16, furrow 17, seed bed band box surface 18.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The combined boat-shaped ditch opening device shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 includes two symmetrically arranged side panels 1 of the planter, and a frame front beam 3 and machine frame supported in parallel between the two side panels 1 of the planter. The rear beam 11 of the frame, the front end of each planter side plate 1 is provided with a ditching front plow 2, and the rear end of each planter side plate 1 is provided with a boat-shaped furrow plow 6, and each boat-shaped furrow The afterbody of plow 6 is all hinged with boat-shaped supporting plate 8, and two ditching front plows 2, two boat-shaped ditch furrow plows 6 and two boat-shaped supporting plates 8 are all symmetrically arranged.

As shown in Fig. 2, the front plow 2 for furrowing is a single-sided plow type including a welded front plow post 2a, a front plow surface 2b, a front plow side plate 2c, a front plow bottom plate 2d and a front plow support 2e. For the plow, the front plow bottom plate 2d is welded to the bottom of the front plow column 2a, the front plow support 2e connects the front plow surface 2b and the front plow column 2a, and the upper end of the front plow column 2a is inserted into the front end of the side plate 1 of the planter. In the front plow holder 4, the front plow column 2a is fixed on the front plow holder 4 by positioning pins and bolts; The curved surface of the plow body formed by the continuous movement of the element line angle, the element line angle of the plow body surface is 40°-45°, the ratio of the guide curve height H to the opening L is 1.7-1.8, the entry angle is 20°-30° and the guide line angle is 1.7-1.8. The angle Ω between the tangent lines between the two ends of the curve is 105°-125°. At the same time, the side plate 2c of the front plow is parallel to the side plate 1 of the planter, and the direction of the plow surface 2b of the front plow is biased towards the inner side of the planter unit (that is, the box surface); in addition, the front plow A number of front plow adjustment holes 2f for adjusting the working depth of the implement are opened on the plow column 2a along the height direction.

The boat-shaped furrow plow 6 is a boat-shaped furrow forming device disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (publication number 106105500A, publication date 2016.11.16) for synchronously opening furrows during sowing, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 , including the rear plow column 6a and the forming frame body 6b of the rear plow column 6a. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the forming frame body 6b includes two soil breaking boards 6c of the front soil contact module, two shaping boards 6d of the middle soil contact module and two flat soil boards 6e of the rear soil contact module, The intersecting curve of the soil-breaking curved surfaces of the two soil-breaking panels 6c is the edge curve 6c1, and the two soil-breaking panels 6c, the two shaping panels 6d and the two leveling soil panels 6e are arranged symmetrically along the plane where the edge curve 6c1 is located; The ground breaking plate 6c is connected with the two shaping plates 6d by the front connecting plate 6g, that is, the connecting edge of the ground breaking plate 6c and the front connecting edge of the shaping plate 6d are all connected with the side of the front connecting plate 6g, and the two shaping plates 6d are connected with the two The leveling soil plate 6e is connected by the rear connection plate 6f, that is, the rear connection edge of the shaping plate 6d and the connection edge of the leveling soil plate 6e are all connected to the side of the rear connection plate 6f, and the leveling soil plate 6e is perpendicular to the rear connection plate 6f; Simultaneously, the lower bottom of the connection limit of two soil-breaking plates 6c and the lower bottom of the front connecting plate 6g converge at the bottom of the cutting edge, and the lower bottom of the rear connecting plate 6f passes through the lower bottom of the two shaping plates 6d. The lower bottom plate 6h is enclosed to form a closed lower bottom surface, that is, two soil breaking plates 6c, two shaping plates 6d and two flat soil plates 6e are welded by the front connecting plate 6g, the rear connecting plate 6f and the lower bottom plate 6h to form a closed ship-shaped structure , its principle will not be repeated here. In addition, in this embodiment, the upper end of the rear plow post 6a of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6 is inserted into the rear plow fixing seat 5 at the rear end of the planter side plate 1, and the rear plow post 6a is fixed on the rear plow post 6a by positioning pins and bolts. On the fixed seat 5, at the same time, the rear plow column 6a is provided with several rear plow adjustment holes 6i along the height direction for adjusting the working depth of the implement, and the rear connecting plate 6f middle part is welded with the rear plow connection seat 15.

As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, the boat-shaped supporting plate 8 includes two front side plates 8a and two rear side plates 8b, and the curve where the soil-breaking curved surfaces of the two front side plates 8a intersect is a cutting edge line 8a1, and two front side plates 8a and two rear side plates 8b are all arranged symmetrically along the plane where the cutting edge line 8a1 is located; the rear connecting edge of the front side plate 8a and the front connecting edge of the rear side plate 2b are all connected The sides of 8e are connected so that the two front side plates 8a and the two rear side plates 8b are connected through the trapezoidal connecting plate 8e, and the lower bottom edges of the two rear side plates 8b are enclosed by the lower connecting plate 8d to form a closed lower bottom surface; In addition, the boat-shaped supporting plate 8 also includes a supporting plate connecting rod 7 spanning between the upper end of the cutting edge line 8a1 and the middle part of the trapezoidal connecting plate 8e and a supporting plate connecting seat 16 welded at the rear position of the lower connecting plate 8d. Among them, the upper surface enclosed by the two front side plates 8a and the trapezoidal connecting plate 8e is provided with an upper connecting plate 8c, and the middle and rear part of the supporting plate connecting rod 7 is welded at the middle position of the upper connecting plate 8c. In addition, the included angle γ of the two front side panels 8a is equal to the included angle α of the two soil-breaking panels 6c of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6, and the inclination angle of the rear side panel 8b is equal to that of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6 to flatten the soil panel 6e. inclination angle.

As shown in Figure 12, the front end of the supporting plate connecting rod 7 is hinged with the rear plow connecting seat 15 in the middle part of the rear connecting plate 6f of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6, and the supporting plate connecting seat 16 is hinged with one end of the limit adjustment pull rod 9, The other end of the limit adjustment pull rod 9 is hinged with one end of the rear seat connecting rod 10, and the other end of the rear seat connecting rod 10 is welded on the rear plow holder 5, and there is a diagonal brace between the rear seat connection rod 10 and the rear plow holder 5. Reinforcement plate 14. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13 , the limit adjustment rod includes an intermediate adjustment rod 9b and connectors 9a at both ends of the intermediate adjustment rod 9b. One end of the connector 9a is connected to the intermediate adjustment rod 9b through a thread, and the threaded connection The positioning nut 9c that plays a position-limiting effect is arranged; The length of the pull rod 9 is adjusted by adjusting the limit to ensure that the lower connecting plate 8d of the boat-shaped supporting plate 8 is parallel to the horizontal surface, thereby shaping the bottom of the furrow.

As shown in Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 again, before furrowing, the change of the line angle Φ of the plow body surface of plow 2 is 40°-45°, the height H of the guide curve is 211 mm, the opening degree L is 121 mm, and the two ends of the guide curve are tangent The included angle Ω is 115°, the plow blade entry angle is 30°, the plow body plowing width is 170mm, and the plow 2 plowing depth before ditching is adjusted to 180-220mm during operation.

As shown in Figure 16, the cutting edge curve formed by the two soil-breaking boards 6c of the main soil-cutting module of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6 is an exponential function curve, and the angle α between the symmetrically arranged soil-breaking boards 6c is 40°, and the initial slip of the curve The cut angle γ _A is 25°, the end sliding cut angle γ _B is 45°, the longitudinal dimension a of the curve is 200mm, and the height h of the soil-breaking slab is 330mm. As shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18, the curved surface of the main soil-touching module shaping plate 6d of the boat-shaped furrow plow 6 is a plow body curved surface formed by the horizontal straight element method, and the straight element line EE' follows the guide curve AA' according to the element The law that the line angle θ gradually decreases forms the curved surface ABCD of the plow body, the guide line AA' is a parabola, the angle β between the tangent line of the starting point A and the forward direction of the machine tool is 20°, the height s is 220mm, and the opening l is 96.21mm. The angle ω between the end point tangent line is 160°; the maximum element line angle θ _max is the angle between the straight line AB and the horizontal plane, and its value is 76.4°. The minimum line angle θ _min is the angle between the straight line CD and the horizontal plane, and its value is 69.5°. The included angle δ between the surface where the bottom edge of the shaping plate (ie the BC edge) is located and the horizontal plane is 3°.

As shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 11 again, the cutting edge straight line 8a1 formed by the main soil-dividing module front side plate 8a of the boat-shaped supporting plate 8, the angle γ between the two front side plates 8a symmetrically arranged is equal to the boat-shaped furrow plow 6 The included angle α of two soil-breaking boards 6c is 40°, and the length of two rear side panels 8b on the main contact surface is 220mm.

The specific configuration method of this embodiment is: two groups of combined boat-shaped furrow opening devices are symmetrically installed on both sides of the seeder, and the width is 2300mm. Under the traction, the operation of opening furrows and ditches is completed. Before furrowing, the plow 2 breaks the soil and plows the uncultivated land to form a preliminary furrow shape, and the rear boat-shaped furrow plow 6 further squeezes the furrow opened, and the boat-shaped supporting plate connected thereafter further refines the furrow. plastic surgery. After repeated tests, the furrows shown in Figure 19 were opened, which were trapezoidal furrows 17 with an upper width of 250-300 mm, a lower width of 100-110 mm, and a depth of 180-220 mm. The ditch bottom is clean, the ditch wall is smooth, and the ditch depth is consistent, which can effectively inhibit soil backflow and meet the requirements for opening furrows and furrows for rape and wheat planting. And when working in the soil with heavy compaction and high moisture content, there will be no soil clogging and adhesion between the plow before ditching, the boat-shaped furrow former and the boat-shaped rear support plate, and the passability of the whole planter will be improved. Good; and the boat-shaped supporting plate 8 is a detachable part, which can be added or disassembled according to the needs of actual operations.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of combined type ship shape opens furrow ditch device, including two blocks of seeder side plates (1) being arranged symmetrically, and is both supported upon two Frame front beam (3) and frame rear cross beam (11) between individual seeder side plate (1), it is characterised in that：Every piece of seeder The front-end and back-end of side plate (1) are respectively provided with trench digging front plough (2) and ship shape opens furrow ditch plough (6), and each described ship shape is opened The afterbody of furrow ditch plough (6) is hinged with ship shape supporting plate (8)；

Trench digging front plough (2) is to include front plough plow standard (2a), front plough plough face (2b), preceding landside (2c), preceding slade (2d) And the one side mouldboard plow of front plough plowshoe (2e), the preceding slade (2d) is welded on the bottom of front plough pears post (2a), the front plough The preceding slade (2d) of plow standard (2a) bottom, front plough plowshoe (2e) connection front plough plough face (2b) and the front plough plow standard (2a), institute The upper end for stating front plough plow standard (2a) is inserted into the front plough fixed seat (4) of seeder side plate (1) front end；The preceding landside (2c) It is parallel with seeder side plate (1), front plough plough face (2b) direction deflection seeder unit inner side；

Rear plough plow standard (6a) upper end that the ship shape opens furrow ditch plough (6) is inserted into the rear plough fixed seat of seeder side plate (1) rear end (5) in, rear connecting plate (6f) middle part that the ship shape opens furrow ditch plough (6) is provided with rear plough connecting seat (15)；

The ship shape supporting plate (8) includes two pieces of front side boards (8a) and two pieces of back side panels (8b), two pieces of songs that break ground of front side board (8a) The intersecting curve in face is cutting edge straight line (8a1), and two pieces of front side boards (8a) and two pieces of back side panels (8b) are along cutting edge straight line (8a1) The plane symmetry arrangement at place；The rear connection of front side board (8a) while and back side panel (8b) preceding connection while with trapezoidal connecting plate The side of (8e) is connected and causes that two pieces of front side boards (8a) are connected with two pieces of back side panels (8b) by trapezoidal connecting plate (8e), and two pieces The bottom of back side panel (8b) encloses the bottom surface to form closure by lower connecting plate (8d)；

The ship shape supporting plate (8) is also included across the support between cutting edge straight line (8a1) upper end and trapezoidal connecting plate (8e) middle part Plate connecting rod (7) and the supporting plate connecting seat (16) of the lower connecting plate (8d) postmedian position is welded on, the supporting plate connecting rod (7) leading section is hinged with the rear plough connecting seat (15), one end of the supporting plate connecting seat (16) and spacing adjusting yoke (9) It is hinged, the other end of the spacing adjusting yoke (9) is hinged with described back seat connecting rod (10) one end, the back seat connecting rod (10) the other end is welded in rear plough fixed seat (5).

2. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：The spacing adjusting yoke includes Middle tone pole (9b) and the connector (9a) at middle tone pole (9b) two ends, one end of the connector (9a) by screw thread with Middle tone pole (9b) is connected, and threaded connection place has been provided with the location nut (9c) of position-limiting action.

3. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：Trench digging front plough (2) Front plough plough face (2b) is continuously to move the warping surface of plow bottom for being formed according to first line angle along lead curve by straight unit's line, its warping surface of plow bottom unit line Angle is 40 °~45 °, the ratio of lead curve height H and aperture L is 1.7~1.8, penetrating angle is 20 °~30 ° and lead curve two ends Point tangent line angle Ω is 105 °~125 °.

4. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：Two pieces of front side boards The angle γ of (8a) opens furrow ditch and ploughs (6) two pieces of angle αs of plate (6c) that break ground equal to the ship shape.

5. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：The back side panel (8b) Angle of inclination is equal to the angle of inclination that the ship shape opens furrow ditch plough (6) soil-suppressing board (6e).

6. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：The front plough plow standard (2a) On offer some front plough adjustment holes (2f) for adjusting equipment depth of implements along short transverse, on the rear plough plow standard (6a) The some rear plough adjustment holes (6i) for adjusting equipment depth of implements are offered along short transverse.

7. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：Two pieces of front side boards (8a) and the trapezoidal connecting plate (8e) enclose the upper surface to be formed and are provided with upper junction plate (8c), the supporting plate connecting rod (7) Postmedian be welded on the centre position of the upper junction plate (8c).

8. combined type ship shape according to claim 1 and 2 opens furrow ditch device, it is characterised in that：The back seat connecting rod (10) diagonal brace has reinforcing plate (14) between the rear plough fixed seat (5).