CN106837286B - Top oil-gas layer fracturing process for full fracturing transformation of thick sand body - Google Patents
Top oil-gas layer fracturing process for full fracturing transformation of thick sand body Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fracturing process aiming at full fracturing transformation of a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body, wherein the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body is perforated before fracturing construction operation; carrying out fracturing operation after perforation, and injecting low-viscosity liquid in a pad fluid stage to fracture the stratum and form an artificial fracture; in the sand-carrying fluid stage 1, low-viscosity fluid is adopted to carry high-density proppant, and the proppant is brought into the artificial fracture by using large discharge capacity; injecting clear water with small discharge capacity as an isolating liquid, and filling the bottom of the sand body by utilizing natural sedimentation of the high-density propping agent; in the sand carrying fluid stage 2, the high-viscosity fluid carries the low-density proppant to carry out secondary sand adding, the low-density proppant is brought into the artificial fracture, and the top of the artificial fracture is filled; and after the fracturing construction is finished, closing the crack by force and quickly blowing. The invention ensures the effective support of the proppant on the oil-gas layer at the top of the sand body, can effectively improve the yield after well modification, and realizes the effective modification of the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fracturing modification operation used in oil exploitation, in particular to a top hydrocarbon reservoir fracturing process aiming at full fracturing modification of a thick sand body.
Background
Along with the further deepening of the exploration and development of low-permeability oil and gas fields in China, a large number of low-permeability-ultra-low-permeability oil and gas fields enter a scale development stage, and a fracturing modification technology becomes a main technology of the exploration and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. For low permeability heavy sand reservoirs above 20 meters, the reservoir is typically located on top of the heavy sand due to hydrocarbon water content differences. The conventional fracturing method at present is large-scale reconstruction, so that the height of a crack is over-extended in the longitudinal direction, the effective length of the crack is over-extended, and the fracturing reconstruction effect is influenced.
At present, aiming at a low-permeability thick sand body oil-gas layer, particularly an oil-gas layer positioned at the top of a sand body, a dry layer or a water-bearing oil-gas layer or an oil-gas-bearing water layer developed at the middle lower part of the sand body, the fracturing transformation generally has the following problems:
the sand body is thick, the oil-gas layer is positioned at the top of the sand body, and a large amount of proppant is deposited and filled at the bottom of the sand body in the transformation process of the middle-lower development dry layer of the sand body, so that no proppant or only a small amount of proppant is formed in the oil-gas layer at the top to form effective support, and the transformation effect of the oil-gas layer at the top of the sand body is seriously influenced;
and secondly, for a sand body top development oil-gas layer, a water-containing oil-gas layer or an oil-containing steam-water layer with higher water saturation is developed at the lower part of the sand body, the propping agent is settled to the bottom of the sand body, no or only a small amount of propping agent is formed for effective support of the sand body upper oil-gas layer, so that the upper oil-gas layer is insufficiently transformed, and the water content or the water content is higher after the sand body is pressed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the proppant is deposited at the lower part of a sand body due to the sedimentation of the proppant in the fracturing process of a thick sand body top oil-gas layer, so that the sand body top oil-gas layer is inefficiently supported, and the reconstruction is insufficient or not.
Therefore, the invention provides a fracturing process for full fracturing transformation of a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body, which comprises the following steps:
step one, perforating a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body;
step two, performing fracturing operation on the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body after perforation;
(1) in the pad fluid injection stage of the fracturing operation, low-viscosity fluid is injected into an oil-gas layer pump at the top of a thick sand body through the holes, so that the stratum is fractured and an artificial fracture is formed;
(2) after the pad fluid is injected, injecting a sand carrying fluid, carrying a high-density proppant by adopting low viscous fluid, and bringing the proppant into the artificial fracture by using the injection displacement of a large pump;
(3) injecting clear water isolation liquid into the artificial crack by adopting small pump injection capacity;
(4) carrying out secondary sand adding by using a high-viscosity fluid to carry a low-density proppant, pumping the proppant into the artificial fracture, and filling the top of the artificial fracture;
and step three, after the fracturing operation is finished, closing the well, and forcibly closing the crack and open-jetting.
Step one, the perforation position is close to an oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body, and when the thickness of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body is less than 5 meters, the perforation thickness is 3-5 meters; when the thickness of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body is 5-10 m, the thickness of the perforation is 3-5 m on the upper part of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body.
Step two (1) the low-viscosity liquid is injected by adopting the pump with the injection displacement of 1.6-2.4 m3And/min, pumping, wherein the viscosity of the low-viscosity fluid in step two (1) and step 2) is that of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid with the viscosity of less than 10 cp.
The high-density proppant in the step two (2) has the volume density of more than 1.8g/m3Apparent density of more than 3.35g/m3The large pump injection displacement of the ceramsite proppant is 3.0-3.5 m3/min。
Step two (3) the small pump injection displacement is 0.8-1.2 m3And/min, and the pumping time is 20 min.
The high-viscosity liquid in the second step (4) is high-viscosity fracturing fluid with the viscosity of 90-110 cp, and the low-density proppant is high-viscosity fracturing fluid with the volume density of less than 1.65g/m3Apparent density of less than 2.60g/m3The pump injection displacement of the quartz sand proppant is 1.6-2.4 m3/min。
And the forced fracture closure is the open flow drainage started 10min after fracturing is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fracturing operation aiming at the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body provided by the invention avoids the problems that the proppant is deposited at the lower part of the sand body in the fracturing process of the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body in the prior art, so that the top oil-gas layer of the sand body is inefficiently supported and is insufficiently or not reformed through the innovation of the process. According to the invention, in the process of fracturing operation, through adjustment of fracturing fluid properties in different stages and selection of the type of the proppant, the proppant with different densities supports the lower part of a sand body by virtue of the change of the settling velocity of the proppant with different densities in the fracturing fluid with different properties, and then the effective support of the proppant with low density on an oil-gas layer at the top of the sand body is realized by combining a forced fracture closure technology, so that the purpose of effectively modifying the oil-gas layer at the top of the sand body is achieved.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a fracturing technology for full fracturing transformation of a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, perforating a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body;
step two, performing fracturing operation on the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body after perforation;
(1) in the pad fluid injection stage of the fracturing operation, low-viscosity fluid is injected into an oil-gas layer pump at the top of a thick sand body through the holes, so that the stratum is fractured and an artificial fracture is formed;
(2) after the pad fluid is injected, injecting a sand carrying fluid, carrying a high-density proppant by adopting low viscous fluid, and bringing the proppant into the artificial fracture by using the injection displacement of a large pump;
(3) injecting clear water isolation liquid into the artificial crack by adopting small pump injection capacity;
(4) carrying out secondary sand adding by using a high-viscosity fluid to carry a low-density proppant, pumping the proppant into the artificial fracture, and filling the top of the artificial fracture;
and step three, after the fracturing operation is finished, closing the well, and forcibly closing the crack and open-jetting.
In this embodiment, step two (2) adopts low viscosity liquid to carry high density proppant, (4) adopts high viscosity liquid to carry low density proppant, and to the difference of the above adopted fracturing fluid viscosity, this embodiment has carried out the test of proppant settling rate, and the test data is as follows:
| viscosity mPa.s | 20/40 static sedimentation rate of ceramsite proppant cm/min | 20/40 static settling rate of quartz sand proppant cm/min |
| 9.61 | 1.87 | 1.31 |
| 100 | 0.084 | 0.076 |
By last table can know, at the fracturing operation in-process, this embodiment is adjusted and is selected different proppant types to different stage fracturing fluid performance, relies on the change of the settling velocity of different density proppant in different performance fracturing fluids, at first realizes the support of high density proppant to the sand body lower part, secondly combines to force the effective support of fracture closure technique realization low density proppant to sand body top hydrocarbon reservoir, reaches the effective transformation purpose to sand body top hydrocarbon reservoir.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, perforating refers to performing conventional cable perforating, the perforating position selects the upper part of the thick sand body according to the position of an oil-gas layer, and the perforating thickness is adjusted according to the thickness of the oil-gas layer, step one, the perforating position is close to the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body, and when the thickness of the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body is less than 5 meters, the perforating thickness is 3-5 meters; when the thickness of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body is 5-10 m, the thickness of the perforation is 3-5 m on the upper part of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body.
Example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the low-viscosity liquid is injected by the pump in the step two (1), wherein the injection displacement of the pump is 1.6-2.4 m3And/min, pumping, wherein the viscosity of the low-viscosity fluid in step two (1) and step 2) is that of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid with the viscosity of less than 10 cp. In this embodiment, low viscosity refers to a low viscosity fracturing fluid, which is achieved by reducing the fracturing fluid thickener concentration, which is a conventional fracturing fluid.
Example 4:
based on example 1, the high-density proppant obtained in the step two (2) has a bulk density of more than 1.8g/m3Apparent density of more than 3.35g/m3The large pump injection displacement of the ceramsite proppant is 3.0-3.5 m3And/min. Low slime is achieved by reducing the fracturing fluid thickener concentration.
Example 5:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the small pump injection volume in the step two (3) is 0.8-1.2 m3And/min, the pump injection time is 20min, the crack is ensured to be opened, and the ceramsite can naturally settle to the bottom of the sand body and be filled.
Example 6:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the high-viscosity liquid in the second step (4) is a high-viscosity fracturing fluid with the viscosity of 90-110 cp, and the low-density proppant is a high-viscosity fracturing fluid with the volume density of less than 1.65g/m3Apparent density of less than 2.60g/m3The pump injection displacement of the quartz sand proppant is 1.6-2.4 m3And/min, in the embodiment, the high-viscosity liquid is realized by increasing the concentration of a thickening agent of the fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid is a conventional fracturing fluid, and the support of the artificial fracture of the low-density proppant in the oil-gas layer on the upper part of the sand body is ensured by utilizing the high viscosity of the fracturing fluid and the low density of the proppant.
Example 7:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the forced fracture closure is the blowout and drainage beginning 10min after fracturing is finished, so that the artificial fracture closure time is shortened, and the effective support of the low-density proppant on the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body is ensured.
The fracturing process provided by the invention is characterized in that perforation is carried out before fracturing construction operation, and the perforation position is positioned in an oil-gas layer on the top of a thick sand body; performing fracturing operation after perforation, and injecting low-viscosity liquid (the viscosity is less than 10 cp) into the pad fluid stage to fracture the stratum and form an artificial fracture; in the sand-carrying fluid stage 1, low-viscosity fluid is adopted to carry high-density proppant, and the proppant is brought into the artificial fracture by using large discharge capacity; injecting clear water at a small discharge rate to ensure that the crack is opened, and filling the bottom of the sand body by utilizing natural sedimentation of the high-density propping agent; in the sand carrying fluid stage 2, the high-viscosity fluid carries the low-density proppant to carry out secondary sand adding, the low-density proppant is brought into the artificial fracture, and the top of the artificial fracture is filled; and after the fracturing construction is finished, the fracture is forced to be closed and quickly released, so that the effective support of the low-density proppant on the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body is ensured. Compared with the conventional fracturing method of the reservoir, the method ensures the effective support of the proppant on the oil-gas layer at the top of the sand body, can effectively improve the output of the well after modification, and realizes the effective modification of the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention. The components and structures of the present embodiments that are not described in detail are well known in the art and do not constitute essential structural elements or elements.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a fracturing technology to abundant fracturing transformation of thick sand body top hydrocarbon reservoir which characterized in that includes following steps:
step one, perforating a top oil-gas layer of a thick sand body;
step two, performing fracturing operation on the top oil-gas layer of the thick sand body after perforation;
(1) in the pad fluid injection stage of the fracturing operation, low-viscosity fluid is injected into an oil-gas layer pump at the top of a thick sand body through the holes, so that the stratum is fractured and an artificial fracture is formed;
(2) after the pad fluid is injected, injecting a sand carrying fluid, carrying a high-density proppant by adopting low viscous fluid, and bringing the proppant into the artificial fracture by using the injection displacement of a large pump;
(3) injecting clear water into the artificial crack by adopting the small pump injection amount to serve as an isolation liquid;
(4) carrying out secondary sand adding by using a high-viscosity fluid to carry a low-density proppant, pumping the proppant into the artificial fracture, and filling the top of the artificial fracture;
step three, after the fracturing operation is finished, closing the well, and forcibly closing the crack and open-jetting;
step one, the perforation position is close to an oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body, and when the thickness of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body is less than 5 meters, the perforation thickness is 3-5 meters; when the thickness of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body is 5-10 m, the thickness of the perforation is 3-5 m of the upper part of the oil-gas layer on the top of the thick sand body;
step two (1) the low-viscosity liquid is injected by adopting the pump with the injection displacement of 1.6-2.4 m3Pumping at min, wherein the viscosity of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid in the step two (1) and the viscosity of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid in the step 2 are both lower than 10 cp;
the high-density proppant in the step two (2) has the volume density of more than 1.8g/m3Apparent density of more than 3.35g/m3The large pump injection displacement of the ceramsite proppant is 3.0-3.5 m3/min；
Step two (3) the small pump injection displacement is 0.8-1.2 m3The pumping time is 20 min;
the high-viscosity liquid in the second step (4) is high-viscosity fracturing fluid with the viscosity of 90-110 cp, and the low-density proppant isThe bulk density is less than 1.65g/m3Apparent density of less than 2.60g/m3The pump injection displacement of the quartz sand proppant is 1.6-2.4 m3/min；
The forced fracture closure is that open-flow drainage is started 10min after fracturing is finished;
according to the process, by adjusting the performance of fracturing fluids in different stages and selecting the type of a propping agent and depending on the change of the settling velocity of propping agents with different densities in the fracturing fluids with different performances, the propping of the high-density propping agent on the lower part of a thick sand body is firstly realized, and the effective propping of the low-density propping agent on an oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body is realized by combining a forced fracture closing technology, so that the effective reconstruction of the oil-gas layer at the top of the thick sand body is realized.
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| CN109424347B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Atmospheric deep shale gas accumulation fracturing method |
| CN109723420A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of combinated seam network pressure cracking method that high grey matter densification oil-gas reservoir is transformed |
| CN110094193B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fracturing method of clastic rock buried hill inside curtain reservoir |
| CN113775322B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fracturing method for improving gravel penetration rate of conglomerate and sandstone reservoir |
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Effective date of registration: 20201118 Address after: 100007 Dongcheng District, Dongzhimen, China, North Street, No. 9 Oil Mansion, No. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Patentee after: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710018 Shaanxi city of Xi'an province Weiyang District four road Fengcheng Changqing Technology Building Patentee before: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute |