CN106809038A - The non-contact type wireless charge control method and system of electric automobile - Google Patents
The non-contact type wireless charge control method and system of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于电动汽车的非接触式无线充电控制方法,所述方法包括充电握手过程,其中,电池管理系统唤醒充电机自检,并且检查充电机及电池的状态,如果存在异常则触发警告;充电过程,其中,电池管理系统首先检查次级线圈装置与电池之间的电连接极性是否相符,仅在电连接极性相符的情况下,设定充电机的充电模式以及参数、指令充电机为电池充电并实时监测充电状态,如果存在异常,则触发警告;以及下电过程,其中,在电池管理系统判断电池已经充满电后停止充电机的充电并指令充电机复位和休眠,同时存储本次充电产生的相关参数,其中,如果电池管理系统与充电机之间的任何数据反馈出现超时,则触发警告。本发明还公开了相应的控制系统。
The invention discloses a non-contact wireless charging control method for electric vehicles. The method includes a charging handshake process, wherein the battery management system wakes up the charger for self-inspection, and checks the status of the charger and the battery. If there is an abnormality In the charging process, the battery management system first checks whether the polarity of the electrical connection between the secondary coil device and the battery is consistent, and only when the polarity of the electrical connection is consistent, the charging mode and parameters of the charger are set. 1. Instruct the charger to charge the battery and monitor the charging status in real time. If there is an abnormality, a warning will be triggered; and the power-off process, in which, after the battery management system judges that the battery is fully charged, stop charging the charger and instruct the charger to reset and sleep , while storing the relevant parameters generated by this charging, wherein, if any data feedback between the battery management system and the charger is timed out, a warning will be triggered. The invention also discloses a corresponding control system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明大体上涉及电动汽车、尤其纯电动汽车的非接触式无线充电控制方法及其相关系统。The present invention generally relates to a non-contact wireless charging control method and a related system for an electric vehicle, especially a pure electric vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
出于环境保护以及社会可持续发展的需求,新能源汽车越来越受到关注,其中,电动汽车、尤其纯电动汽车正在快速发展。电动汽车的大规模推广应用的一个重要前提和基础就是其充电设施的发展建设。Due to the demands of environmental protection and sustainable social development, new energy vehicles have attracted more and more attention, among which electric vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, are developing rapidly. An important prerequisite and foundation for the large-scale promotion and application of electric vehicles is the development and construction of their charging facilities.
传统的充电站以类似于加油站的方式建设,配备有充电桩,且为充电桩配备充电枪。这种方式建设的充电站,对其所处场地的大小有一定要求,导致充电站的建设成本过高。Traditional charging stations are built in a manner similar to gas stations, equipped with charging piles, and charging piles are equipped with charging guns. The charging station built in this way has certain requirements on the size of the site where it is located, resulting in an excessively high construction cost of the charging station.
另外,当电动汽车需要充电时,驾驶员需将电动汽车驶入充电站,然后下车,从充电桩上取下充电枪,插入电动汽车的相应充电口进行充电。这个过程需要驾驶员插拔充电枪的动作,对有些行动不便的驾驶员而言操作较为繁琐。此外,反复插拔充电枪也有可能导致充电枪本身或者电动汽车的充电口受到物理损坏。In addition, when the electric vehicle needs to be charged, the driver needs to drive the electric vehicle into the charging station, then get off, remove the charging gun from the charging pile, and insert it into the corresponding charging port of the electric vehicle for charging. This process requires the driver to plug and unplug the charging gun, which is cumbersome for some drivers with limited mobility. In addition, repeated plugging and unplugging of the charging cable may also cause physical damage to the charging cable itself or the charging port of the electric vehicle.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提出一种新颖的非接触式无线充电控制方法和系统,由此所建设的充电站可以占地规模更小,减小建设成本和周期,有利于充电站的大规模建设;驾驶员无需下车并且无需任何人工操作即可完成电动汽车的充电操作,尽可能地减少与电动汽车的物理接触,防止相应的物理损坏;驾驶员无需任何专业操作知识,可以完全由电动汽车内的电脑提示操作,提供更佳的驾驶员体验感觉,所有这些都可以促进电动汽车的推广应用。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a novel non-contact wireless charging control method and system, so that the built charging station can occupy a smaller scale, reduce the construction cost and period, and facilitate the large-scale construction of the charging station; The operator can complete the charging operation of the electric vehicle without getting out of the vehicle and without any manual operation, reducing the physical contact with the electric vehicle as much as possible to prevent corresponding physical damage; the driver does not need any professional operation knowledge, and can be completely controlled by the electric vehicle The computer prompts the operation and provides a better driver experience, all of which can promote the popularization and application of electric vehicles.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于电动汽车、尤其纯电动汽车的非接触式无线充电控制方法,在汽车充电站内的充电车位处埋设一初级线圈装置,所述电动汽车包括一次级线圈装置,在所述电动汽车进入所述充电车位后,所述初级线圈装置到所述次级线圈装置的能量转换经由电磁感应实现,并且所述初级线圈装置与所述次级线圈装置之间经由无线通信装置进行数据交换来实现相应控制,所述电动汽车还包括与所述次级线圈装置电连接的可充电电池以及经由CAN总线与所述次级线圈装置相连的电池管理系统,所述初级线圈装置和所述次级线圈装置构成了对所述电动汽车的电池进行非接触式无线充电的充电机,According to one aspect of the present invention, a non-contact wireless charging control method for electric vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, is provided. A primary coil device is buried at the charging bay in the vehicle charging station, and the electric vehicle includes a secondary A coil device, after the electric vehicle enters the charging parking space, the energy conversion from the primary coil device to the secondary coil device is realized through electromagnetic induction, and the connection between the primary coil device and the secondary coil device Corresponding control is realized by exchanging data via a wireless communication device. The electric vehicle also includes a rechargeable battery electrically connected to the secondary coil device and a battery management system connected to the secondary coil device via a CAN bus. The primary coil device and the secondary coil device constitute a charger for non-contact wireless charging of the battery of the electric vehicle,
所述方法包括:The methods include:
充电握手过程,在该过程中,所述电池管理系统唤醒所述充电机自检,并且检查所述充电机的状态以及所述电池的状态,如果存在异常,则触发警告;Charging handshake process, in which the battery management system wakes up the charger for self-inspection, checks the state of the charger and the state of the battery, and triggers a warning if there is an abnormality;
充电过程,在该过程中,所述电池管理系统首先指令所述充电机检查所述次级线圈装置与所述电池之间的电连接极性是否相符,仅在电连接极性相符的情况下,所述电池管理系统设定所述充电机的充电模式以及参数、指令所述充电机为所述电池充电并实时监测充电状态,如果存在异常,则触发警告;以及Charging process, in which the battery management system first instructs the charger to check whether the polarity of the electrical connection between the secondary coil device and the battery is consistent, only if the polarity of the electrical connection is consistent , the battery management system sets the charging mode and parameters of the charger, instructs the charger to charge the battery and monitors the charging status in real time, and triggers a warning if there is an abnormality; and
下电过程,在该过程中,在所述电池管理系统判断所述电池已经充满电后停止所述充电机的充电并指令所述充电机复位和休眠,同时存储本次充电产生的相关参数,Power-off process, in this process, after the battery management system judges that the battery is fully charged, it stops the charging of the charger and instructs the charger to reset and sleep, and at the same time stores the relevant parameters generated by this charging,
其中,如果所述电池管理系统与所述充电机之间的任何数据反馈出现超时,则触发警告。Wherein, if any data feedback between the battery management system and the charger times out, a warning is triggered.
可选地,在所述充电握手过程中,所述电池管理系统首先向所述充电机发送唤醒报文,然后所述充电机被唤醒并同时向所述电池管理系统发送反馈报文,所述电池管理系统在确认收到所述反馈报文后再检查所述充电机的状态以及所述电池的状态,并指令所述充电机做好充电准备。Optionally, during the charging handshake process, the battery management system first sends a wake-up message to the charger, and then the charger wakes up and simultaneously sends a feedback message to the battery management system, the The battery management system checks the state of the charger and the state of the battery after confirming the receipt of the feedback message, and instructs the charger to prepare for charging.
可选地,在所述充电过程中,所述电池管理系统首先向所述充电机发送设定其充电模式及参数的报文,在所述充电机已按要求设定之后,所述电池管理系统向所述充电机发送指令其为所述电池充电的报文,在充电的过程中,基于实时监测的充电状态,所述电池管理系统能够动态地设定所述充电机的充电模式及参数。Optionally, during the charging process, the battery management system first sends a message to the charger to set its charging mode and parameters, and after the charger has been set as required, the battery management system The system sends a message to the charger instructing it to charge the battery. During the charging process, based on the charging status monitored in real time, the battery management system can dynamically set the charging mode and parameters of the charger. .
可选地,在所述下电过程中,所述电池管理系统首先指令停止对所述初级线圈装置供电,然后指令所述充电机的复位,再指令所述次级线圈装置与所述电池之间的电连接断开。Optionally, during the power-off process, the battery management system first instructs to stop supplying power to the primary coil device, then instructs the reset of the charger, and then instructs the connection between the secondary coil device and the battery to The electrical connection between them is broken.
可选地,所述电池与所述次级线圈装置之间的电连接的通断是经由继电器实现的,在所述充电过程中,所述电池管理系统在检查电连接极性是否相符后控制所述继电器是否接通,仅在所述继电器接通的情况下,所述电池管理系统设定所述充电机的充电模式以及参数。Optionally, the electrical connection between the battery and the secondary coil device is switched on and off via a relay, and during the charging process, the battery management system controls Whether the relay is turned on, and only when the relay is turned on, the battery management system sets the charging mode and parameters of the charger.
可选地,在所述下电过程中,所述次级线圈装置与所述电池之间的电连接断开是通过所述电池管理系统指令所述继电器断开实现的。Optionally, during the power-off process, the disconnection of the electrical connection between the secondary coil device and the battery is achieved by the battery management system instructing the relay to be disconnected.
可选地,所述电池包括为电动汽车提供驱动力的动力电池以及低压辅助电池。Optionally, the battery includes a power battery and a low-voltage auxiliary battery that provide driving force for the electric vehicle.
可选地,所述无线通信装置为wifi通信装置、蓝牙通信装置或红外通信装置。Optionally, the wireless communication device is a wifi communication device, a bluetooth communication device or an infrared communication device.
可选地,在触发警告后,无线充电中止,并等待人工干预操作。Optionally, after the warning is triggered, the wireless charging is suspended and a manual intervention operation is awaited.
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种用于电动汽车、尤其纯电动汽车的非接触式无线充电控制系统,在汽车充电站内的充电车位处埋设一初级线圈装置,所述电动汽车包括一次级线圈装置,在所述电动汽车进入所述充电车位后,所述初级线圈装置与所述次级线圈装置能够经由电磁感应进行能量交换并经由无线通信装置进行数据交换来实现相应控制,所述初级线圈装置和所述次级线圈装置构成了对所述电动汽车进行非接触式无线充电的充电机,所述电动汽车还包括与所述次级线圈装置电连接的可充电电池以及经由CAN总线与所述次级线圈装置相连的电池管理系统,所述电池管理系统基本上构成了所述非接触式无线充电控制系统,用于执行前述的方法。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a non-contact wireless charging control system for electric vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, in which a primary coil device is embedded at the charging parking space in the vehicle charging station, and the electric vehicle includes A secondary coil device, after the electric vehicle enters the charging parking space, the primary coil device and the secondary coil device can exchange energy via electromagnetic induction and exchange data via a wireless communication device to achieve corresponding control, so The primary coil device and the secondary coil device constitute a charger for non-contact wireless charging of the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle also includes a rechargeable battery electrically connected to the secondary coil device and via CAN A battery management system connected to the secondary coil device by bus, the battery management system basically constitutes the non-contact wireless charging control system, and is used to execute the aforementioned method.
附图说明Description of drawings
从后述的详细说明并结合下面的附图将能更全面地理解本发明的前述及其它方面。需要指出的是,各附图的比例出于清楚说明的目的有可能不一样,但这并不会影响对本发明的理解。在附图中:The foregoing and other aspects of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the following drawings. It should be pointed out that the proportions of the drawings may be different for the purpose of clarity, but this will not affect the understanding of the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1示意性示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的非接触式无线充电原理的框图;Fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of the principle of non-contact wireless charging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2示意性示出了根据本发明的非接触式无线充电控制方法中的充电握手阶段的流程图;Fig. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of the charging handshake stage in the non-contact wireless charging control method according to the present invention;
图3示意性示出了根据本发明的非接触式无线充电控制方法中的充电阶段的流程图;并且Fig. 3 schematically shows a flow chart of the charging stage in the non-contact wireless charging control method according to the present invention; and
图4示意性示出了根据本发明的非接触式无线充电控制方法中的下电阶段的流程图。Fig. 4 schematically shows a flow chart of the power-off stage in the non-contact wireless charging control method according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
在本申请的各附图中,结构相同或功能相似的特征由相同的附图标记表示。In the various figures of the application, structurally identical or functionally similar features are indicated by the same reference numerals.
需要指出的是,本发明具体涉及电动汽车、尤其纯电动汽车的非接触式无线充电控制,因此相关的具体元器件和装置的原理不在本发明说明书讨论范畴内,但本领域技术人员应当清楚采用目前技术上可行的且可以想到的任何元器件和装置均可以实现本发明的这种非接触式无线充电控制。It should be pointed out that the present invention specifically relates to the non-contact wireless charging control of electric vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles. Therefore, the principles of related specific components and devices are not within the scope of the description of the present invention, but those skilled in the art should clearly use Any components and devices that are technically feasible and conceivable can realize the non-contact wireless charging control of the present invention.
此外,应当清楚在本发明的范畴内,汽车指的是电动汽车,包括但不限于插电式混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车等。In addition, it should be clear that within the scope of the present invention, a car refers to an electric car, including but not limited to a plug-in hybrid car, a pure electric car, and the like.
图1示出了根据本发明的一个示意性实施例的非接触式无线充电原理的框图。Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the principle of non-contact wireless charging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
在诸如充电站的固定场所中,在地面下埋设一初级线圈装置20,该初级线圈装置20与电网30电连接。例如,该初级线圈装置20可以设有初级线圈、功率因数校正单元21和逆变单元22。电网30的交流供电经功率因数校正单元21整流为直流电并校正功率因数,然后再经逆变单元22转变为交流电作为驱动初级线圈的能量。In a fixed location such as a charging station, a primary coil arrangement 20 is buried under the ground, which is electrically connected to a grid 30 . For example, the primary coil device 20 may be provided with a primary coil, a power factor correction unit 21 and an inverter unit 22 . The AC power supplied by the grid 30 is rectified into DC by the power factor correction unit 21 and the power factor is corrected, and then converted into AC by the inverter unit 22 as energy for driving the primary coil.
在汽车上设置有一次级线圈装置10。例如,该次级线圈装置10可以设置有次级线圈以及整流装置11。例如,次级线圈装置10可以布置在汽车的底盘上,当汽车驶到初级线圈装置20的正上方位置(充电车位)时,初级线圈与次级线圈之间经过电磁感应产生能量转换,在次级线圈内相应地产生交流电。所产生的交流电经整流装置11整流为直流电后,供应给汽车上的电池40。在此,电池40可以包括车载动力电池41以及车载低压电池42,前者为汽车提供驱动力,后者为汽车上的各种低压电器供电,也可称为低压辅助电池。A secondary coil arrangement 10 is provided on the vehicle. For example, the secondary coil device 10 can be provided with a secondary coil and a rectifying device 11 . For example, the secondary coil device 10 can be arranged on the chassis of the automobile. When the automobile drives to the position directly above the primary coil device 20 (charging parking space), the primary coil and the secondary coil undergo energy conversion through electromagnetic induction, and the secondary Correspondingly, an alternating current is generated in the primary coil. The generated alternating current is rectified by the rectifying device 11 into direct current, and supplied to the battery 40 on the vehicle. Here, the battery 40 may include a vehicle-mounted power battery 41 and a vehicle-mounted low-voltage battery 42 , the former provides driving power for the vehicle, and the latter supplies power for various low-voltage electrical appliances on the vehicle, and may also be called a low-voltage auxiliary battery.
在汽车上还设置有电池管理系统(Battery Management System)BMS,其能够经由汽车上的(Controller Area Network)CAN总线与车上的相关部件例如次级线圈装置10相连,用于对其进行相应的控制。The car is also provided with a battery management system (Battery Management System) BMS, which can be connected to relevant components on the car, such as the secondary coil device 10, via the (Controller Area Network) CAN bus on the car, for its corresponding control.
初级线圈装置20构成了充电机的车下部分,而次级线圈装置10构成了充电机的车上部分。此外,在诸如初级线圈装置20的车下部分与诸如次级线圈装置10的车上部分之间还设有无线通信装置,例如wifi、蓝牙、红外通信装置,用于实现车上部分与车下部分之间的受控的数据交换。车上部分与车下部分中设置有各自的控制器/传感器,可以通过这些控制器/传感器获取相关部件例如各线圈装置的操作参数或者对其进行设定。The primary coil arrangement 20 constitutes the under-vehicle part of the charger, and the secondary coil arrangement 10 constitutes the on-vehicle part of the charger. In addition, wireless communication devices, such as wifi, Bluetooth, and infrared communication devices, are also provided between the under-vehicle part such as the primary coil device 20 and the on-vehicle part such as the secondary coil device 10, for realizing the connection between the on-vehicle part and the under-vehicle part. Controlled data exchange between parts. The above-vehicle part and the under-vehicle part are provided with respective controllers/sensors, through which the operating parameters of relevant components such as coil devices can be acquired or set.
车上部分是汽车本身的一部分,车下部分直接埋设在充电站中,以非接触的方式对驶入的汽车进行充电,省略了诸如充电枪的附件设施,以这样方式构建的汽车充电站占地面积可以更小,节约了建造成本。这种非接触式充电的过程是以如下所介绍的本发明的无线充电控制方法来实现的。The upper part of the car is a part of the car itself, and the lower part is directly buried in the charging station to charge the incoming car in a non-contact manner, omitting accessory facilities such as charging guns. The car charging station constructed in this way occupies an The ground area can be smaller, which saves the construction cost. This non-contact charging process is realized by the wireless charging control method of the present invention described below.
根据本发明的无线充电控制方法/过程基本上包括三个阶段,即如图2所示的充电握手阶段、如图3所示的充电阶段以及如图4所示的下电阶段。The wireless charging control method/process according to the present invention basically includes three stages, namely the charging handshake stage as shown in FIG. 2 , the charging stage as shown in FIG. 3 , and the power-off stage as shown in FIG. 4 .
需要指出的是以下将参照附图2至4分别说明无线充电控制方法的各个阶段,其中,分别示出了充电机(指其车上部分和/或车下部分)以及电池管理系统BMS在各个阶段中所采用的策略。如无例外指出,以下描述中所涉及的充电机均指的是车上部分和/或车下部分。It should be pointed out that the various stages of the wireless charging control method will be respectively described below with reference to accompanying drawings 2 to 4, wherein the charging machine (referring to the part on the vehicle and/or the part under the vehicle) and the battery management system BMS are respectively shown in each stage. strategy used in the phase. Unless otherwise noted, the chargers involved in the following descriptions all refer to the part on the vehicle and/or the part under the vehicle.
图2示意性示出了根据本发明的非接触式无线充电控制方法中的充电握手阶段的流程图。Fig. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of the charging handshake stage in the non-contact wireless charging control method according to the present invention.
例如当汽车在充电站内正在驶入埋设有充电机的车下部分的充电车位时,充电握手阶段在此时实现,从而确保充电机的车下部分与车上部分之间达成握手通信,完成充电时机判断以及充电准备。此过程依据本发明的方法可以为自动完成。For example, when the car is driving into the charging parking space under the car where the charger is buried in the charging station, the charging handshake stage is realized at this time, so as to ensure the handshake communication between the part under the car of the charger and the part on the car to complete charging. Timing judgment and charge preparation. This process can be done automatically according to the method of the present invention.
例如,当汽车即将驶入充电车位时,驾驶员可以通过触发车上某处的按钮或者由行车电脑通过自动发射无线信号来识别汽车即将驶入充电车位,启动充电握手过程。For example, when the car is about to enter the charging bay, the driver can recognize that the car is about to enter the charging bay by triggering a button somewhere on the car or the trip computer automatically transmits a wireless signal to initiate the charging handshake process.
在如图2所示的充电握手阶段中,电池管理系统BMS向充电机发送唤醒报文。对于车上部分而言,这可以通过CAN总线实现,对于车下部分而言,这可以通过wifi、蓝牙、红外等通信装置完成。In the charging handshake phase shown in Figure 2, the battery management system BMS sends a wake-up message to the charger. For the on-board part, this can be realized through the CAN bus, and for the off-board part, this can be accomplished through wifi, bluetooth, infrared and other communication devices.
然后,电池管理系统BMS检测是否收到由充电机所反馈的其已被唤醒的报文。如果检测结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS返回继续向充电机发送唤醒报文;如果检测超时,则触发握手失败警告;如果检测结果为“是”,则继续下一步。Then, the battery management system BMS detects whether it has received a message fed back by the charger that it has been awakened. If the detection result is "No", the battery management system BMS returns and continues to send a wake-up message to the charger; if the detection times out, a handshake failure warning is triggered; if the detection result is "Yes", continue to the next step.
在本发明中,握手失败警告能够以车内和/或充电车位中的蜂鸣报警器发出警报的方式来实现,以此提醒驾驶员,同时暂停无线充电的任何进一步操作。但是,握手失败警告也能够以其它任何能够警示驾驶员的方式来实现,例如方向盘的振动、自动缓慢刹车、座椅移动等。在触发握手失败警告之后,由驾驶员决定是否人工手动操作介入或者也可以由行车电脑自动重启充电握手过程。In the present invention, the handshake failure warning can be realized by a buzzer alarm in the car and/or in the charging parking space, so as to remind the driver and suspend any further operation of wireless charging. However, the handshake failure warning can also be implemented in any other way that can alert the driver, such as vibration of the steering wheel, automatic slow braking, seat movement, etc. After the handshake failure warning is triggered, the driver decides whether to manually intervene or the trip computer can automatically restart the charging handshake process.
接着,电池管理系统BMS检测充电机(包括车上部分和车下部分)本身的状态是否正常以及车内电池40(包括动力电池41和车载低压电池42)本身的状态是否正常。例如,电池管理系统BMS可以经由CAN总线读取整流装置11、动力电池41和车载低压电池42的当前状态数据并判断是否正常,也可以经由wifi等读取功率因数校正单元21和/或逆变单元22的当前状态数据并判断是否正常。例如,判断方式为如果任何一个的状态数据表示状态不正常的话,则检测结果认定为“否”;只有当所有的状态数据表示状态正常,则检测结果才认定为“是”。Next, the battery management system BMS detects whether the status of the charger (including the on-board part and the under-vehicle part) itself is normal and whether the status of the in-vehicle battery 40 (including the power battery 41 and the on-board low-voltage battery 42) itself is normal. For example, the battery management system BMS can read the current state data of the rectifier 11, the power battery 41 and the vehicle low-voltage battery 42 via the CAN bus and judge whether they are normal, or read the power factor correction unit 21 and/or inverter via wifi, etc. Unit 22's current state data and judge whether it is normal. For example, the judgment method is that if any one of the state data indicates that the state is abnormal, the detection result is determined as "No"; only when all the state data indicate that the state is normal, the detection result is determined as "Yes".
本领域技术人员应当清楚,在充电过程中需要采用的任何其它相关装置也可以类似地由电池管理系统BMS检测。It should be clear to those skilled in the art that any other related devices that need to be used during the charging process can also be similarly detected by the battery management system BMS.
接着,如果检测结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS触发握手失败警告。如果检测结果为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS向充电机发送充电准备报文。然后,电池管理系统BMS接收充电机发送的就绪信号。如果接收信号超时,则电池管理系统BMS触发握手失败警告。如果接收信号为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS返回继续向充电机发送充电准备报文。如果接收信号为“是”,则进入下一阶段、即如图3所示的充电阶段。Then, if the detection result is "No", the battery management system BMS triggers a handshake failure warning. If the detection result is "Yes", the battery management system BMS sends a charging preparation message to the charger. Then, the battery management system BMS receives the ready signal sent by the charger. If the receiving signal times out, the battery management system BMS triggers a handshake failure warning. If the received signal is "No", the battery management system BMS returns and continues to send the charging preparation message to the charger. If the received signal is "Yes", then enter the next stage, namely the charging stage as shown in FIG. 3 .
在如图2所示的充电握手阶段中,充电机(车上部分和/或车下部分)可以通过自身的控制器经CAN总线和/或wifi等接收由电池管理系统BMS发出的唤醒报文。如果接收结果为“否”,则充电机继续接收相关报文。如果接收超时,则充电机触发握手失败警告。如果接收结果为“是”,则充电机开始自检,同时经CAN总线和/或wifi等向电池管理系统BMS发送唤醒反馈报文。In the charging handshake phase as shown in Figure 2, the charger (on-board part and/or off-board part) can receive the wake-up message sent by the battery management system BMS through its own controller via CAN bus and/or wifi, etc. . If the receiving result is "No", the charger continues to receive relevant messages. If the reception times out, the charger triggers a handshake failure warning. If the receiving result is "Yes", the charger starts self-inspection, and at the same time sends a wake-up feedback message to the battery management system BMS via the CAN bus and/or wifi.
接着,充电机检测是否收到由电池管理系统BMS发送的充电准备报文。如果检测结果为“否”,则充电机继续接收报文。如果检测超时,则充电机触发握手失败警告。如果检测结果为“是”,则充电机进行充电准备,同时向电池管理系统BMS发送就绪信号,然后进入下一阶段、即如图3所示的充电阶段。Next, the charger detects whether it receives a charging preparation message sent by the battery management system BMS. If the detection result is "No", the charger continues to receive messages. If the detection times out, the charger triggers a handshake failure warning. If the detection result is "Yes", the charger prepares for charging, and at the same time sends a ready signal to the battery management system BMS, and then enters the next stage, that is, the charging stage shown in Figure 3 .
在以上介绍的充电握手阶段中,电池管理系统BMS判断预定的充电时机是否满足,满足后才唤醒休眠的充电机,然后充电机进行自检。电池管理系统BMS收到充电机状态正常的信号后进一步判断电池状态,这些都就绪后才向充电机发送充电准备报文,充电机得知电池管理系统BMS的充电准备报文后才进入就绪状态,握手完成。采用本发明的方法,可以更加安全地在充电之前确保握手成功,提高了充电过程的可靠性。In the charging handshake stage described above, the battery management system BMS judges whether the predetermined charging timing is satisfied, and wakes up the dormant charger after it is satisfied, and then the charger performs a self-test. The battery management system BMS further judges the battery status after receiving the signal that the charger is in a normal state, and sends a charging preparation message to the charger after all these are ready, and the charger enters the ready state after receiving the charging preparation message from the battery management system BMS , the handshake is complete. By adopting the method of the invention, the handshake success can be ensured more safely before charging, and the reliability of the charging process is improved.
应当清楚,在如图2所示的充电握手阶段或者以下描述的各阶段中,充电机和电池管理系统BMS均可以同步或异步地执行各自的程序。It should be clear that both the charger and the battery management system BMS can execute their respective programs synchronously or asynchronously during the charging handshake phase shown in FIG. 2 or in each phase described below.
在如图2所示的充电握手阶段之后,如果顺利的话,则进入如图3所示的充电阶段。在充电阶段中,可选地,充电机首先进行反接检查,并将反接检查的结果反馈至电池管理系统BMS。在本发明中,反接检查指的是次级线圈装置10的正负输出电极是否与动力电池41和/或低压电池42的正负输入电极极性相符。通常,在装配整车时,如果正常的话并不存在它们之间极性相反的情况。但是,如果在整车装配出厂之后,万一存在这种极性装配相反的情况通常无法从汽车外观发现,若贸然对电池充电的话,很有可能引燃电池,造成意外事故。因此,出于保护驾驶员的人身安全的需要,有必要每次事先进行这种反接检查。此外,这种反接检查也可以针对初级线圈装置20与电网30之间的极性是否相符来进行。After the charge handshake stage shown in Figure 2, if it goes well, enter the charge stage shown in Figure 3. In the charging phase, optionally, the charger first performs a reverse connection check, and feeds back the result of the reverse connection check to the battery management system BMS. In the present invention, the reverse connection check refers to whether the positive and negative output electrodes of the secondary coil device 10 are consistent with the positive and negative input electrodes of the power battery 41 and/or the low voltage battery 42 . Usually, when assembling a complete vehicle, there is no reverse polarity between them, if normal. However, if there is such a reverse polarity assembly after the vehicle is assembled and leaves the factory, it is usually impossible to find out from the appearance of the vehicle. If the battery is charged rashly, it is likely to ignite the battery and cause an accident. Therefore, for the needs of protecting the personal safety of the driver, it is necessary to carry out this reverse connection check in advance at every turn. Furthermore, this reverse connection check can also be carried out with regard to whether the polarity between the primary coil arrangement 20 and the grid 30 is consistent.
然后,充电机检测是否收到由电池管理系统BMS发出的充电设置报文。如果检测结果为“否”,则充电机继续接收相关报文。如果检测结果超时,则充电机触发充电警告。如果检测结果为“是”,则充电机按照充电设置报文的要求设定充电机的充电模式以及相关参数。同时,充电机可以向电池管理系统BMS反馈已按要求设定的报文。Then, the charger detects whether the charging setting message sent by the battery management system BMS is received. If the detection result is "No", the charger continues to receive relevant messages. If the detection result times out, the charger triggers a charging warning. If the detection result is "Yes", the charger sets the charging mode and related parameters of the charger according to the requirements of the charging setting message. At the same time, the charger can feed back the message that has been set as required to the battery management system BMS.
充电警告能够以与握手失败警告类似的方式来实现,同时暂停无线充电的任何进一步操作,由驾驶员来手工决定如何进行下一步。此外,本领域技术人员应当清楚,这里充电模式的设定可以包括针对动力电池41和/或低压电池42充电的“恒流模式”、“恒压模式(恒功率模式)”、“涓流模式”设定。充电机的参数具体指的是电流参数。Charging warnings can be implemented in a similar manner to handshake failure warnings, while suspending any further operation of wireless charging, leaving it up to the driver to manually decide how to proceed. In addition, those skilled in the art should be clear that the setting of the charging mode here may include "constant current mode", "constant voltage mode (constant power mode)" and "trickle current mode" for charging the power battery 41 and/or low-voltage battery 42. "set up. The parameters of the charger specifically refer to the current parameters.
然后,充电机接收由电池管理系统发出的令充电机进入工作的信号。如果接收结果为“否”,则充电机继续接收。如果接收超时,则充电机触发充电警告。如果接收结果为“是”,则充电机进行充电工作进入充电状态,并向电池管理系统BMS反馈已进入充电状态的信号。接着,充电机将其自身状态/电流/电压/温度等相关信息报文反馈给电池管理系统BMS。Then, the charger receives a signal from the battery management system to make the charger work. If the receiving result is "No", the charger continues to receive. If the reception times out, the charger triggers a charging warning. If the receiving result is "Yes", the charger will perform the charging work and enter the charging state, and feed back a signal to the battery management system BMS that it has entered the charging state. Then, the charger feeds back relevant information messages such as its own state/current/voltage/temperature to the battery management system BMS.
在如图3所示的充电阶段中,可选地,电池管理系统BMS在接收到充电机的就绪信号之后向充电机发送进行如上所述的反接检查的指令。然后,电池管理系统BMS接收由充电机所反馈的反接检查结果,如果反接检查通过,则向充电机发送上电报文,例如指令充电机的车下部分与电源30接通;和/或指令充电机的车上部分与电池40之间的继电器50闭合。仅在继电器50闭合的情况下,电池40与次级线圈装置10之间能够导电连通。如果反接检查未通过,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电警告。In the charging stage as shown in FIG. 3 , optionally, after receiving the ready signal from the charger, the battery management system BMS sends an instruction to perform the above-mentioned reverse connection check to the charger. Then, the battery management system BMS receives the reverse connection check result fed back by the charger, and if the reverse connection check passes, it sends a power-on message to the charger, such as instructing the under-vehicle part of the charger to be connected to the power supply 30; and/or The relay 50 between the onboard portion of the charger and the battery 40 is commanded to close. Conductive communication between the battery 40 and the secondary coil arrangement 10 is only possible when the relay 50 is closed. If the reverse connection check fails, the battery management system BMS triggers a charging warning.
然后,电池管理系统BMS检测继电器50是否闭合。如果检测结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电警告。如果检测结果为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS经CAN总线和/或wifi等向充电机发送充电模式及参数设置报文。Then, the battery management system BMS detects whether the relay 50 is closed. If the detection result is "No", the battery management system BMS triggers a charging warning. If the detection result is "Yes", the battery management system BMS sends a charging mode and parameter setting message to the charger via the CAN bus and/or wifi.
然后,电池管理系统BMS接收充电机反馈的充电模式和参数是否已按要求设定的报文信号。如果接收信号超时,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电警告。如果接收信号为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS返回继续向充电机发送设置报文。如果接收信号为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS向充电机发送其进入工作的信号。Then, the battery management system BMS receives the message signal of whether the charging mode and parameters fed back by the charger have been set as required. If the received signal times out, the battery management system BMS triggers a charging warning. If the received signal is "No", the battery management system BMS returns and continues to send the setting message to the charger. If the received signal is "Yes", the battery management system BMS sends a signal to the charger to start working.
然后,电池管理系统BMS接收充电机反馈的是否已工作的信号。如果接收信号超时,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电警告。如果接收信号为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS返回向充电机发送其进入工作的信号。如果接收信号为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS实时监测充电机的充电状态是否正常。例如,这种实时监测可以通过不断检查由充电机所提供的其自身状态/电流/电压/温度等相关报文信息来实现。可选地,如果任何相关报文信息出现异常,则触发警告。Then, the battery management system BMS receives the signal fed back by the charger whether it is working or not. If the received signal times out, the battery management system BMS triggers a charging warning. If the received signal is "No", the battery management system BMS returns to send a signal to the charger to start working. If the received signal is "Yes", the battery management system BMS will monitor in real time whether the charging state of the charger is normal. For example, this kind of real-time monitoring can be realized by constantly checking its own status/current/voltage/temperature and other related message information provided by the charger. Optionally, if any relevant packet information is abnormal, a warning is triggered.
然后,电池管理系统BMS依据预先设定的标准判断充电是否应当结束,例如电池40是否已充满、电池40的温度是否过高等。如果判断结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS继续进行实时监测。如果判断结果为“是”,则进入下一阶段、即如图4所示的下电阶段。Then, the battery management system BMS judges whether the charging should end according to preset standards, such as whether the battery 40 is fully charged, whether the temperature of the battery 40 is too high, and so on. If the judgment result is "No", the battery management system BMS will continue to monitor in real time. If the judging result is "Yes", enter into the next stage, that is, the power-off stage as shown in FIG. 4 .
在充电阶段中,电池管理系统BMS首先对反接检查,以便确保相关器件和人员的安全。各项检查通过后发送上电报文以控制继电器闭合,然后开始设定充电模式和参数。充电的过程中,电池管理系统BMS实时监测电池、车辆以及充电机的相关状态,以确保充电安全进行。In the charging phase, the battery management system BMS first checks the reverse connection to ensure the safety of related devices and personnel. After all checks are passed, a power-on message is sent to control the closing of the relay, and then the charging mode and parameters are set. During the charging process, the battery management system BMS monitors the relevant status of the battery, vehicle and charger in real time to ensure safe charging.
在如图4所示的下电阶段中,电池管理系统BMS向充电机发送关机报文。这里关机尤其指的是充电机的车下部分的关机,即断开电源30的供电。然后,电池管理系统BMS在确认充电机已关机后向充电机发送清除其充电模式并将其各项参数恢复为默认值的报文。In the power-off stage shown in Figure 4, the battery management system BMS sends a shutdown message to the charger. Shutdown here especially refers to the shutdown of the under-vehicle part of the charger, that is, disconnecting the power supply of the power supply 30 . Then, after confirming that the charger has been shut down, the battery management system BMS sends a message to the charger to clear its charging mode and restore its parameters to default values.
然后,电池管理系统BMS检测充电机的充电模式是否已清除以及参数是否已恢复。如果检测超时,则电池管理系统BMS返回继续检测。如果检测结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电结束警告。如果检测结果为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS向充电机发送下电报文。这里下电尤其指的是充电机的车上部分与电池之间的断开电连接。Then, the battery management system BMS detects whether the charging mode of the charger has been cleared and whether the parameters have been restored. If the detection times out, the battery management system BMS returns to continue detection. If the detection result is "No", the battery management system BMS triggers an end-of-charging warning. If the detection result is "Yes", the battery management system BMS sends a power-off message to the charger. De-energizing here refers in particular to the electrical disconnection between the on-board part of the charger and the battery.
在此,下电警告能够以与握手失败警告类似的方式来实现,同时暂停无线充电的任何进一步操作,由驾驶员来手工决定如何进行下一步。Here, the power-off warning can be implemented in a similar manner to the handshake failure warning, while suspending any further operation of the wireless charging, and it is up to the driver to manually decide how to proceed to the next step.
然后,电池管理系统BMS指令继电器50断开并确认其是否断开。如果确认结果为“否”,则电池管理系统BMS触发充电结束警告。如果确认结果为“是”,则电池管理系统BMS停发唤醒报文,并且将此次充电相应发生的参数进行存储,以备后期查用。Then, the battery management system BMS instructs the relay 50 to turn off and confirms whether it is turned off. If the confirmation result is "No", the battery management system BMS triggers an end-of-charging warning. If the confirmation result is "Yes", the battery management system BMS stops sending wake-up messages, and stores the corresponding parameters of this charging for later reference.
在如图4所示的下电阶段中,充电机在经由CAN总线和/或wifi等收到由电池管理系统BMS发送的关机报文后关机,并且向电池管理系统BMS反馈关机结果。In the power-off stage as shown in Figure 4, the charger shuts down after receiving the shutdown message sent by the battery management system BMS via the CAN bus and/or wifi, and feeds back the shutdown result to the battery management system BMS.
然后,充电机接收由电池管理系统BMS发出的充电模式清除以及参数恢复的报文。如果接收结果为“否”,则充电机返回继续接收。如果接收超时,则充电机触发充电结束警告。如果接收结果为“是”,则充电机按要求清除充电模式并恢复各项参数。可选地,充电机也可以将与本次充电有关的各项参数进行存储,以备后期查用。然后,充电机进入休眠状态,等待下一次充电唤醒。Then, the charger receives the message of clearing the charging mode and restoring the parameters sent by the battery management system BMS. If the receiving result is "No", the charger returns to continue receiving. If the reception times out, the charger triggers a charging end warning. If the receiving result is "Yes", the charger clears the charging mode and restores various parameters as required. Optionally, the charger can also store various parameters related to this charging for future reference. Then, the charger enters the dormant state and waits for the next charging to wake up.
在下电阶段中,电池管理系统BMS通过实时检测充电相关参数,判断充电是否结束,当条件满足时,即进行充电结束。此时,电池管理系统BMS关闭充电机,清除充电模式和恢复参数,然后控制下电。下电完成后,电池管理系统BMS停止对充电机的唤醒,同时可以与充电机一起存储与本次充电有关的重要参数,以备后期查用。In the power-off stage, the battery management system BMS detects charging-related parameters in real time to determine whether the charging is over, and when the conditions are met, the charging ends. At this time, the battery management system BMS turns off the charger, clears the charging mode and restores the parameters, and then controls the power off. After the power-off is completed, the battery management system BMS stops waking up the charger, and at the same time, it can store important parameters related to this charging with the charger for later reference.
通过采用本发明的非接触式无线充电控制方法,驾驶员根本无需下车就可以安全可靠地自动完成一系列充电步骤,同时充电开始时机由程序自动判断,驾驶员无需任何专业操作以及电气知识,完全遵循传统的汽车驾驶习惯,为驾驶员提供了最大程度的便利性。最重要的是,这种非接触式充电无需充电枪,避免了任何可能出现的损害,安全性更高。By adopting the non-contact wireless charging control method of the present invention, the driver can safely and reliably complete a series of charging steps automatically without getting out of the car. At the same time, the charging start timing is automatically judged by the program, and the driver does not need any professional operation and electrical knowledge. Fully follow the traditional car driving habits, providing the greatest degree of convenience for the driver. Most importantly, this non-contact charging does not require a charging gun, which avoids any possible damage and is safer.
尽管这里详细描述了本发明的特定实施方式,但它们仅仅是为了解释的目的而给出的,而不应认为它们对本发明的范围构成限制。在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,各种替换、变更和改造可被构想出来。While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, these have been presented for purposes of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Various alternatives, changes and modifications can be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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