CN106772815A - A method for compensating temperature drift of fiber grating filter and fiber grating filter - Google Patents
A method for compensating temperature drift of fiber grating filter and fiber grating filter Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
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- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
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- G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
- G02B6/29353—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide with a wavelength selective element in at least one light guide interferometer arm, e.g. grating, interference filter, resonator
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- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种补偿光纤光栅滤波器温漂的方法及光纤光栅滤波器，采用双金属片结构，首先将光栅采通过环氧树脂胶固定于金属片上，两片金属片则选择不同的膨胀系数的金属片，由于两种金属片的膨胀系数不同，所以其热形变量也不同，所以当外界温度发生变化时，其金属片的形变量则可以补偿光栅滤波器由于温度变化产生的中心波长的漂移。本发明所选的下金属片的膨胀系数大于上金属片的膨胀系数，两片金属片通过环氧树脂胶进行粘接。
The invention discloses a method for compensating the temperature drift of an optical fiber grating filter and an optical fiber grating filter, which adopts a double metal sheet structure, and first fixes the grating on the metal sheet through epoxy resin glue, and selects different expansions for the two metal sheets coefficient of metal sheet, because the expansion coefficients of the two metal sheets are different, so the thermal deformation is also different, so when the external temperature changes, the deformation of the metal sheet can compensate the central wavelength of the grating filter due to temperature changes drift. The expansion coefficient of the lower metal sheet selected in the present invention is greater than that of the upper metal sheet, and the two metal sheets are bonded by epoxy resin glue.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种补偿光纤光栅滤波器温漂的方法及光纤光栅滤波器。The invention relates to a method for compensating temperature drift of an optical fiber grating filter and an optical fiber grating filter.
背景技术Background technique
光滤波器在光通信和光纤传感等领域具有非常广泛的应用，主要用于对各个波长的光进行选择。Optical filters are widely used in the fields of optical communication and optical fiber sensing, and are mainly used to select light of various wavelengths.
一般的光滤波器由F-P干涉型滤波器、多层介质膜滤波器、薄膜多共振腔滤波器、光纤光栅滤波器等，一般滤波器如F-P干涉型滤波器，多层介质膜滤波器，薄膜多共振腔滤波器其缺点主要是边带抑制比低，体积较大，与光纤耦合工艺复杂，成本较高。General optical filters include F-P interference filters, multi-layer dielectric film filters, thin-film multi-resonator filters, fiber grating filters, etc. General filters such as F-P interference filters, multi-layer dielectric film filters, thin-film The main disadvantages of the multi-resonator filter are low sideband suppression ratio, large size, complex coupling process with optical fiber, and high cost.
而普通光纤光栅滤波器主要是带宽灵活，体积小，边带抑制比高，易于与光纤耦合，成本低，由于温度的变化会导致中心波长的漂移，限制了光纤光栅滤波器的温度使用范围以及性能。主动温度控制装置则增加了系统的复杂度，不利于大规模的应用。Ordinary fiber grating filters are mainly flexible in bandwidth, small in size, high in sideband suppression ratio, easy to couple with optical fibers, and low in cost. Due to temperature changes, the center wavelength will drift, which limits the temperature range of fiber grating filters and performance. The active temperature control device increases the complexity of the system, which is not conducive to large-scale applications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种补偿光纤光栅滤波器温漂的方法及光纤光栅滤波器，采用双金属片结构，以光纤光栅滤波器作为载体，通过使用形变量补偿的方式，成功的改变了传统的光纤光栅滤波易受温度影响的问题，使得光纤光栅滤波器可以更加广泛的在光纤通信，光纤传感等领域使用。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for compensating the temperature drift of the fiber grating filter and the fiber grating filter, which adopts a bimetal structure, uses the fiber grating filter as the carrier, and successfully achieves It has changed the problem that the traditional fiber grating filter is easily affected by temperature, so that the fiber grating filter can be used more widely in the fields of optical fiber communication and optical fiber sensing.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
一方面，本发明提供一种补偿光纤光栅滤波器温漂的方法，将光纤光栅固定在两片堆叠的金属片上，当外界温度发生变化时，通过两片金属片的形变量来补偿光纤光栅滤波器由于温度变化产生的中心波长的漂移。On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for compensating the temperature drift of the fiber grating filter. The fiber grating is fixed on two stacked metal sheets. When the external temperature changes, the deformation of the two metal sheets is used to compensate the fiber grating filter. The drift of the central wavelength of the device due to temperature changes.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，光纤光栅通过环氧树脂胶固定在两片堆叠金属片的上层金属片上。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the fiber grating is fixed on the upper metal sheet of the two stacked metal sheets by epoxy glue.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，两片堆叠的金属片之间通过环氧树脂胶粘接。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the two stacked metal sheets are bonded by epoxy resin.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，两片金属片的膨胀系数不同。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the expansion coefficients of the two metal sheets are different.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，两片金属片中上层金属片的膨胀系数小于下层金属片的膨胀系数。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, among the two metal sheets, the expansion coefficient of the upper metal sheet is smaller than that of the lower metal sheet.
另一方面，本发明还提供一种温度不敏感光纤光栅滤波器，包括光纤光栅。所述光纤光栅固定在两片堆叠的金属片上，其中，光纤光栅固定在第一金属片上表面，第一金属片的下表面于第二金属片的上表面相连，第一金属片与第二金属片的中心重合。On the other hand, the present invention also provides a temperature-insensitive fiber grating filter, including a fiber grating. The fiber grating is fixed on two stacked metal sheets, wherein the fiber grating is fixed on the upper surface of the first metal sheet, the lower surface of the first metal sheet is connected to the upper surface of the second metal sheet, and the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet The centers of the slices coincide.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述光纤光栅通过环氧树脂胶固定于第一金属片上表面。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the fiber grating is fixed on the upper surface of the first metal sheet by epoxy glue.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述第一金属片与第二金属片的膨胀系数不同。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the expansion coefficients of the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are different.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，第一金属片的膨胀系数小于第二金属片的膨胀系数。As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the expansion coefficient of the first metal sheet is smaller than that of the second metal sheet.
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，第一金属片与第二金属片之间通过环氧树脂胶粘接.As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are bonded by epoxy resin.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical scheme and has the following technical effects:
1、采用形变的方式，对温度量进行补偿，从而使光纤光栅滤波器具有温度不敏感性；1. The temperature is compensated by means of deformation, so that the fiber grating filter has temperature insensitivity;
2、采用的两种金属片的组合及其上下位置固定的方式。2. The combination of two metal sheets and the method of fixing the upper and lower positions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明光纤光栅滤波器的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber grating filter of the present invention.
图2是本发明光纤光栅滤波器温度变化后的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber grating filter of the present invention after temperature changes.
图3是采用两种热膨胀系数不同的金属材料构成的温度补偿结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature compensation structure composed of two metal materials with different thermal expansion coefficients.
图4是采用两种热膨胀系数不同的金属材料构成的温度补偿结构在温度变化后的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature compensation structure made of two metal materials with different thermal expansion coefficients after a temperature change.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
随着光纤传感行业和光纤通信行业的迅猛发展，光滤波器正在被大量的使用。With the rapid development of the optical fiber sensing industry and the optical fiber communication industry, optical filters are being used in large quantities.
一般的光滤波器存在着体积大，边带抑制比低，光纤耦合复杂度高，成本居高不下的缺点，而普通的光纤光栅滤波器虽然具有边带抑制比高，易于光纤耦合，成本低等优点，但是其中心波长随温度的变化而产生便宜，由于环境要求高，难于大面积推广使用，而一些主动温度控制系统也由于其过于复杂，而没有得到广泛的应用。Ordinary optical filters have the disadvantages of large size, low sideband suppression ratio, high fiber coupling complexity, and high cost, while ordinary fiber grating filters have high sideband suppression ratio, easy fiber coupling, and low cost. and other advantages, but its central wavelength changes with temperature and is cheap. Due to the high environmental requirements, it is difficult to popularize and use it in a large area, and some active temperature control systems are not widely used because they are too complicated.
本发明以光纤光栅滤波器作为载体，通过使用形变量补偿的方式，成功的改变了传统的光纤光栅滤波易受温度影响的问题，使得光纤光栅滤波器可以更加广泛的在光纤通信，光纤传感等领域使用。The present invention uses the fiber grating filter as the carrier, and successfully changes the problem that the traditional fiber grating filter is easily affected by temperature through the use of deformation compensation, so that the fiber grating filter can be more widely used in optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing used in other fields.
本发明实现了一种温度不敏感光纤光栅滤波器，具体是采用双金属片结构，首先将光纤光栅采通过环氧树脂胶固定于金属片上，两片金属片则选择不同的膨胀系数的金属片，由于两种金属片的膨胀系数不同，所以其热形变量也不同，所以当外界温度发生变化时，其金属片的形变量则可以补偿光栅滤波器由于温度变化产生的中心波长的漂移。本系统所选的下金属片的膨胀系数大于上金属片的膨胀系数，两片金属片通过环氧树脂胶进行粘接。本发明光纤光栅滤波器的结构如图1所示，温度变化后的结构如图2所示。The invention realizes a temperature-insensitive optical fiber grating filter, which adopts a bimetallic sheet structure. First, the optical fiber grating is fixed on the metal sheet through epoxy resin glue, and the two metal sheets are selected from metal sheets with different expansion coefficients. , because the expansion coefficients of the two metal sheets are different, so the thermal deformation is also different, so when the external temperature changes, the deformation of the metal sheet can compensate the drift of the center wavelength of the grating filter due to temperature changes. The expansion coefficient of the lower metal sheet selected by this system is greater than that of the upper metal sheet, and the two metal sheets are bonded by epoxy resin glue. The structure of the fiber grating filter of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , and the structure after temperature changes is shown in FIG. 2 .
下面对结合附图对本发明的实现原理作进一步阐述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the realization principle of the present invention is further elaborated:
由耦合模理论可知，光栅的布拉格Bragg波长为According to the coupled mode theory, the Bragg wavelength of the grating is
λB＝2neffΛ (1)λ B = 2n eff Λ (1)
式中，neff为纤芯的有效折射率；Λ为栅格周期。In the formula, n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber core; Λ is the grid period.
由(1)式可以看出，布拉格波长随neff前和Λ的改变而改变。It can be seen from (1) that the Bragg wavelength changes with the change of n eff and Λ.
应变作用下的光弹效应导致折射率的变化，形变使光栅常数变化：温度导致的光热效应使有效折射率改变，而热膨胀系数致使光栅常数改变。先忽略温度和应变的交叉敏感，分别考察仅在单一的温度或应变作用下的传感特性。The photoelastic effect under the action of strain causes the change of the refractive index, and the deformation causes the change of the grating constant: the photothermal effect caused by the temperature changes the effective refractive index, and the thermal expansion coefficient causes the change of the grating constant. The cross-sensitivity of temperature and strain is ignored first, and the sensing characteristics under the action of only a single temperature or strain are investigated respectively.
温度引起光纤光栅Bragg波长的变化为The change of Bragg wavelength of fiber Bragg grating caused by temperature is
其中，ΔλB为Bragg波长变化，ΔT为温度变化，为光纤的热膨胀系数，为光纤的热光系数，KT为光纤光栅相对波长温度灵敏度系数。Among them, Δλ B is the Bragg wavelength change, ΔT is the temperature change, is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber, is the thermo-optic coefficient of the fiber, and K T is the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber grating relative to the wavelength.
由(2)式可知ΔλB与ΔT存在着线性关系。通过检测波长的移位，即可确定被测温度变化量。It can be seen from formula (2) that there is a linear relationship between Δλ B and ΔT. By detecting the shift of the wavelength, the measured temperature change can be determined.
光纤轴向应变εZ引起的光纤光栅Bragg波长变化公式为：The formula for the fiber Bragg wavelength change caused by the fiber axial strain ε Z is:
式中，Pe为有效弹光系数，其中，P11、P12为弹光系数，v为光纤泊松比；Kε为光纤光栅相对波长应变灵敏度系数。In the formula, P e is the effective elastic-optic coefficient, Among them, P 11 and P 12 are the elasto-optic coefficients, v is the Poisson's ratio of the fiber; K ε is the relative wavelength strain sensitivity coefficient of the fiber Bragg grating.
与温度类似，ΔλB与εZ也成线性关系，由ΔλB可方便地求出外界应变εZ。Similar to temperature, Δλ B has a linear relationship with ε Z , and the external strain ε Z can be easily calculated from Δλ B.
由上可知，光栅Bragg波长变化与应变和温度的变化关系为：It can be seen from the above that the relationship between the change of grating Bragg wavelength and the change of strain and temperature is:
显然，光栅中心反射波长对应变和温度都是敏感的，测量一个量的同时，势必要受到另一个量的影响。由此可见，解决应变和温度交叉敏感的问题是FBG传感检测技术实用化的关键。Obviously, the reflected wavelength of the grating center is sensitive to both strain and temperature. When measuring one quantity, it is bound to be affected by another quantity. It can be seen that solving the problem of strain and temperature cross-sensitivity is the key to the practical application of FBG sensing technology.
采用两种热膨胀系数不同的金属材料构成的温度补偿结构，如图3所示，其中，L为两个金属片的长度，d为两个金属片的厚度，L1为光纤光栅的长度。A temperature compensation structure composed of two metal materials with different thermal expansion coefficients is used, as shown in Figure 3, where L is the length of the two metal sheets, d is the thickness of the two metal sheets, and L1 is the length of the fiber grating.
当温度发生变化ΔT时，由于两种材料的热膨胀系数不同，光栅中的应变量同时发生变化。如图4所示。假定两个金属片相连部分长度L不变，设弯曲后的弧圆心角为θ(弧度)，内侧金属片的曲率半径是R，外侧金属片的膨胀系数是α1，内侧金属片的热膨胀系数为α2，光纤光栅的膨胀系数是α，由光纤光栅的伸长量与金属的形变量的几何关系可知：When the temperature changes by ΔT, the amount of strain in the grating changes simultaneously due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials. As shown in Figure 4. Assuming that the length L of the connected part of the two metal sheets is constant, the central angle of the arc after bending is θ (radian), the radius of curvature of the inner metal sheet is R, the expansion coefficient of the outer metal sheet is α 1 , and the thermal expansion coefficient of the inner metal sheet is is α 2 , the expansion coefficient of the fiber grating is α, and it can be known from the geometric relationship between the elongation of the fiber grating and the deformation of the metal:
L1εZ+L1αΔT＝L(1+α1ΔT)-L(1+α2ΔT) (5)L 1 ε Z +L 1 αΔT＝L(1+α 1 ΔT)-L(1+α 2 ΔT) (5)
即为：That is:
由公式(4)可知：It can be seen from formula (4):
当通过应变来完全补偿温度时，则(7)式为0，即：When the temperature is fully compensated by strain, the formula (7) is 0, that is:
从公式(8)可以看出，最后只与两个金属片的膨胀系数α1、α2、光纤光栅的膨胀系数α，光纤光栅的热光系数ξ，光纤光栅的有效弹光系数Pe，光纤光栅的长度L1，金属片的长度L有关。It can be seen from the formula (8) that in the end, only the expansion coefficients α 1 and α 2 of the two metal sheets, the expansion coefficient α of the fiber Bragg grating, the thermo-optic coefficient ξ of the fiber Bragg grating, and the effective elasto-optic coefficient Pe of the fiber Bragg grating, The length L 1 of the fiber grating is related to the length L of the metal sheet.
因此，只要根据金属材料的膨胀系数适当选取金属材料以及金属片的长度，，可以使温度和应变引起的Bragg波长的变化相抵消，即可实现通过应变对光纤光栅滤波器温度漂移的补偿。Therefore, as long as the metal material and the length of the metal sheet are properly selected according to the expansion coefficient of the metal material, the change of Bragg wavelength caused by temperature and strain can be offset, and the temperature drift of the fiber grating filter can be compensated by strain.
以上所述，仅为本发明中的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可理解想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation mode in the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technology can understand the conceivable transformation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of the present invention, therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN114859473A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-05 | 天津大学 | Self-matched filtering device and method based on DFB |
| CN118363105A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-07-19 | 澳门大学 | A temperature-insensitive tunable fiber grating filter and packaging method thereof |
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