CN106769120B - A rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicle elastic wheel loading tests, and discloses a railway vehicle elastic wheel loading test bed which comprises a base, a fatigue loading assembly, a static loading assembly and a load loading assembly, wherein the load loading assembly can apply axial and radial force to a tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly and the static loading assembly are arranged on the base, the fatigue loading assembly comprises a driving assembly and a braking assembly, the fatigue loading assembly is matched with the load loading assembly to simulate the working condition of the motion process of the tested wheel, and the static loading assembly can fix the tested wheel and is matched with the load loading assembly to simulate the working condition of the tested wheel when in static state. The invention can simulate the comprehensive stress condition of the elastic wheel under static or different movement speeds to obtain comprehensive assessment data, thereby providing test data support for the production and processing, performance improvement and the like of the elastic wheel.

Description

A rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test, in particular to a rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench.

Background technique

When rail vehicles run on the urban ground or on viaducts, the wheel-rail noise has a serious impact on the living environment along the line, so the application of elastic wheels was born. The basic structure of the elastic wheel is to embed rubber parts between the steel wheel rim and the steel wheel core to improve the running stability of the rail vehicle, reduce the vibration and noise during operation, and improve the wear of the wheel and rail. The rubber parts of the embedded wheels of the current elastic vehicles are mostly arranged in a V shape, and this arrangement makes the elastic wheels have both axial stiffness and radial stiffness.

Relevant research results show that compared with rigid wheels, elastic wheels can reduce noise by 5-8dB, and for high-frequency squealing noise with a frequency above 1000Hz, elastic wheels have a better noise reduction effect, which can reduce noise by 15dB compared with rigid wheels. ~30dB. As for ground vibration levels, elastic wheels can reduce up to 70% compared to rigid wheels.

With the increasing application and research of elastic wheels, in order to provide accurate test data for the production, processing and performance improvement of elastic wheels, the loading test device for elastic wheels of rail vehicles has become an urgent need.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The invention provides a rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench, which is used to assess the axial and radial stiffness, torsion resistance and fatigue performance of the elastic wheel under dynamic and static loads, so as to provide a basis for the production, processing and performance of the elastic wheel. Improvements, etc. provide test data support.

(2) Technical solution

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench, comprising a base, a fatigue loading assembly, a static loading assembly and a load loading assembly,

Wherein, the load loading assembly can apply axial and radial force to the tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly and the static loading assembly are arranged on the base, and the fatigue loading assembly includes a a driving assembly and a braking assembly simulating the acceleration, deceleration and braking of the tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly cooperates with the load loading assembly to simulate the working conditions of the tested wheel movement process;

The static loading assembly can fix the tested wheel and cooperate with the load loading assembly to simulate the static working condition of the tested wheel.

Further, the drive assembly includes a motor, a drive shaft driven by the motor, a drive wheel connected to the drive shaft and driven by the drive shaft, the drive wheel is in contact with the tested wheel and drives the The tested wheel moves.

Further, it also includes a drive platform arranged on the base, the motor drives the drive shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the drive shaft is supported and fixed by the first bearing group,

The motor, the driving wheel, the driving shaft, the transmission mechanism and the first bearing group are all fixed on the driving platform.

Further, it also includes a two-way sliding table arranged on the base, the lower end of the two-way sliding table is fixed with a dynamic loading wheel shaft through the second bearing group, the brake assembly is a shaft brake, and the upper end of the dynamic loading wheel shaft is connected to the The axle brake is connected, and the lower end of the dynamic loading axle is used to connect the tested wheel;

The load loading assembly can apply a force consistent with the axial and radial directions of the tested wheel to the two-way slide table, and the two-way slide table drives the tested wheel to squeeze the driving wheel, thereby simulating the force of the tested wheel Axial and radial forces.

Further, the dynamic loading axle includes upper and lower sections connected by flanges, wherein the lower section of the dynamic loading axle is detachably connected to the tested wheel.

Further, the static loading assembly includes a shaft support seat, a static loading wheel shaft, a shaft locker and a static loading adapter,

The static loading axle is fixed on the base through the axle support seat, and the tested wheel is arranged on the static loading axle,

The shaft locker is used to lock and fix the tested wheel,

The static load adapter is connected to the outer edge of the tested wheel, and can be connected with the load loading assembly, and the load loading assembly applies axial and radial forces to the tested wheel through the static load adapter.

Further, the load loading assembly includes two loading hydraulic cylinders, wherein one loading hydraulic cylinder applies an axial force to the tested wheel, and the other loading hydraulic cylinder applies radial force to the tested wheel. Xiangli.

Further, the driving wheel is a two-layer structure connected by threads, the outer layer of the driving wheel is used to contact the tested wheel, and the contact surface between the outer layer of the driving wheel and the tested wheel is the track structure;

The inner layer of the drive wheel is fixedly connected with the drive shaft.

Further, it also includes a measurement and control system and a dust suction component, the measurement and control system is used to control the action of the fatigue loading component and the load loading component, and collect the performance indicators of the tested wheel, make relevant records and output;

The dust suction port of the dust suction assembly is arranged below the contact position between the driving wheel and the tested wheel.

Further, a cooling system is respectively provided corresponding to the first bearing group, the second bearing group and the shaft brake.

(3) Beneficial effects

The technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:

The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench provided by the present invention is compatible with conventional elastic wheels of various diameters, can simulate the comprehensive stress situation of elastic wheels at rest or at different speeds, and obtain comprehensive assessment data, thereby providing support for the production of elastic wheels Processing, performance improvement, etc. provide experimental data support.

In addition to the above-described technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical features of the formed technical solutions and the advantages brought by the technical features of these technical solutions, other technical features of the present invention and the advantages brought by these technical features, Further description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the plan view schematic diagram when the measured wheel of rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench of embodiment 1 of the present invention is in fatigue loading state;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the front view when the tested wheel of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is in the fatigue loading state;

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the tested wheel of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test rig according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a static loading state.

In the figure: 1: Hydraulic oil source; 2: Base; 3: Shaft support seat; 4: Static loading axle; 5: Shaft locker; 6: Static loading adapter; 7: Two-way sliding table; 8: Shaft brake; 9: Loading hydraulic cylinder; 10: Dynamic loading axle; 11: First bearing group; 12: Driving shaft; 13: Transmission mechanism; 14: Motor; 15: Driving platform; 16: Dust suction assembly; 17: Driving wheel ; 18: Tested wheel; 19: Measurement and control system; 20: The second bearing group.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meanings of "multiple", "multiple roots" and "multiple groups" are two or more, "several", "several roots", "several "Group" means one or more than one.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the railway vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a base 2 , a fatigue loading assembly, a static loading assembly and a load loading assembly.

Wherein, the base 2 includes a base frame, and the base frame includes an upper side, a lower bottom, and a side connected between the upper side and the lower bottom, that is, the base frame forms a space for accommodating equipment. Base 2 is the supporting part of the whole elastic wheel test bench, and other main components are installed on the base.

The load loading assembly can apply axial and radial force to the tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly and the static loading assembly are arranged on the base, and the fatigue loading assembly includes a drive that drives the tested wheel 18 to move assembly and a brake assembly that simulates the acceleration, deceleration and braking of the tested wheel 18, the fatigue loading assembly cooperates with the load loading assembly to simulate the working conditions of the tested wheel movement process, and the static loading assembly can fix the tested wheel And cooperate with the load loading component to simulate the working condition of the tested wheel when it is static.

It should be noted that the fatigue loading assembly of this embodiment is mainly used to simulate the radial and axial loading conditions of the wheel during the long-term motion process, and the static loading assembly is used to simulate the radial and axial loading of the wheel when it is static. The working condition of bearing the load; the load loading component is the actuator for the test bench to load the force on the tested wheel.

As shown in FIG. 1 or 3 , the driving assembly of the fatigue loading assembly includes a driving motor 14 , a transmission mechanism 13 , a driving shaft 12 , a first bearing set 11 , a driving wheel 17 and a driving platform 15 . Wherein, the drive motor 14, the drive wheel 17, the drive shaft 12, the transmission mechanism 13, and the first bearing group 11 are fixed on the drive platform 15, and the lower end surface of the drive platform 15 is connected to the lower surface of the base frame. Connect, so can adjust the distance between the driving wheel 17 and the tested wheel 18 by adjusting the position of the driving platform 15, which facilitates the replacement of the tested wheels 18 of different sizes.

Specifically, the driving motor 14 is preferably a variable frequency motor, so that the rotating speed of the driving motor 14 can be adjusted by changing the power supply frequency of the motor, thereby adjusting the output power of the motor; the transmission mechanism 13 is a belt transmission mechanism, and one end is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 14 , the other end is connected to the rear end of the drive shaft 12, the main function is to transmit the output torque of the drive motor 14 to the drive shaft 12; the drive shaft 12 is installed on the drive platform 15 through the first bearing group 11, and the drive shaft 12 rear end and The transmission mechanism 13 is connected, and the front end of the driving shaft 12 is connected with the driving wheel 17, and the driving wheel is in contact with the tested wheel 18 and drives the tested wheel 18 to move.

It should be noted that the first bearing group 11 is a supporting mechanism of the drive shaft 12 and may have its own cooling system, and its main function is to ensure the high-speed rotation of the drive shaft 12 .

As a preferred embodiment, the driving wheel 17 has a two-layer structure, the outer layer is a replaceable component, and the inner layer is threaded, the outer layer is in contact with the tested wheel 18, and the contact surface between the two wheels It is designed as a track pattern, thereby simulating the movement of the tested wheel 18 on the track, and the inner layer is connected with the drive shaft 12 .

The driving wheel 17 is set in a two-layer structure. On the one hand, the outer structure is replaceable. When damage occurs during the test, only the outer structure needs to be replaced; at the same time, the contact surface between the outer structure and the tested wheel 18 is designed as The track surface can accurately simulate the movement process of the tested wheel 18 in contact with the track in the actual process, making the test data more authentic and convincing.

As shown in Figure 1 or 3, in order to better carry out the fatigue loading test, the tested wheel 18 is fixed by a two-way slide 7 arranged on the bottom surface of the base, wherein the brake assembly can be a shaft brake 8.

As shown in Figure 1 or 3, the specific setting of the tested wheel 18 of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench of the present embodiment is that the lower section of the two-way slide table 7 is fixed with a dynamic loading wheel shaft 10 through the second bearing group 20, The upper end of the dynamic loading axle 10 is connected with the axle brake 8 , and the lower end of the dynamic loading axle 10 is used for connecting the tested wheel 18 .

It should be noted that the second bearing group 20 is a supporting mechanism of the dynamic loading axle 10 , and the second bearing set 20 has its own cooling system, and its main function is to ensure the high-speed rotation of the dynamic loading axle 10 .

The tested wheel 18 of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench of this embodiment is installed on the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10, and the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10 preferably can be made up of two joints, adopt flange connection between two joints, and be connected with the tested wheel 18 One section is replaceable and is used for elastic wheels of different sizes; the other section is installed on the second bearing group 20, and the end is connected to the shaft brake 8, that is, the shaft brake 8 is installed at the tail of the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10, and the shaft brake 8 The main function of the brake is to provide braking torque to provide a braking environment for the tested wheel 18. A cooling assembly can also be provided on the shaft brake 8 to facilitate long-term or frequent provision of braking torque.

It is easy to understand that the shaft brake 8 of the present embodiment, the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10, and the second bearing group 20 on which the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10 is installed are all installed on the upper mounting surface of the two-way slide table 7, and the lower surface of the two-way slide table 7 and the base The seat 2 is connected, which not only simplifies the setting between the equipment, but also adjusts the position of the tested wheel by adjusting the position of the two-way slide table 7; at the same time, there are two degrees of freedom between the two-way slide table 7 and the base 2, respectively. is the axial and radial direction of the tested wheel 18, the two-way slide table 7 can move in two directions at the same time, and in the fatigue loading process, the two-way slide table 7 can move with the output rod of the loading actuating hydraulic cylinder 9; like this , the load loading assembly applies the force consistent with the axial and radial direction of the tested wheel to the two-way sliding table, and the two-way sliding table moves to drive the tested wheel to squeeze the driving wheel, thereby simulating the tested vehicle Axial and radial forces of the wheel.

As shown in Fig. 3, described static loading assembly comprises static loading axle, shaft locker and static loading adapter, and axle support seat 3 is fixed on the described base, and in the static loading process, tested wheel 18 is installed on static loading On the axle 4, the static loading axle 4 is installed on the axle support seat 3 and fixed by the axle lock 5, and the loading actuating hydraulic cylinder 9 transmits the loading force to the tested wheel 18 through the static loading adapter 6.

It should be noted that, when the tested wheel 18 is in the static loading test condition, the tested wheel 18 is sleeved on the static loaded wheel shaft 4, and the tested wheel 18 is not in contact with the base, that is, the tested wheel 18 is under static loading. In the loading test condition, the tested wheel 18 is supported by the static loading axle 4, and is subjected to the axial and radial forces exerted by the loading actuating hydraulic cylinder 9 through the static loading adapter 6.

As shown in Figure 1, as an implementation, the load loading assembly of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench in this embodiment can be a hydraulic loading system, including two loading actuation hydraulic cylinders 9 connected to a hydraulic oil source 1, wherein , the hydraulic oil source 1 is connected to the loading actuating hydraulic cylinder 9 through the oil well pump, servo valve and pipeline, wherein one loading actuating hydraulic cylinder applies an axial force to the tested wheel, and the other loading actuating hydraulic cylinder applies an axial force to the tested wheel. A radial force is applied to the tested wheel.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench of this embodiment also includes a dust suction assembly 16 and a measurement and control system 19 .

As shown in Figure 2, the dust suction assembly 16 includes a dust suction port, a hose connected to the dust suction port and an industrial vacuum cleaner connected to the end of the hose to provide dust suction power, wherein the dust suction port corresponds to the drive wheel 17 and The bottom of the tested wheel 18 is arranged so that the dust collector can easily suck away the dust etc. produced by the driving wheel 17 and the tested wheel 18 during the fatigue loading test, so as to protect the test site environment.

The measurement and control system 19 is mainly used to set the loading conditions of the test bench, control the load output of the load loading components, collect various performance indicators of the wheels, record and output them.

The fatigue loading test working condition of the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test rig of this embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, the tested wheel 18 is installed on the dynamic loading wheel shaft 10, and the two-way slide table 7 and the driving platform 15 positions are adjusted so that the tested wheel 18 It fits closely with the driving wheel 17; at the same time, the loading hydraulic cylinder 9 is installed in a suitable position and connected with the two-way slide table 7. Sensors are arranged around the tested wheel 18 to collect the deformation of the tested wheel 18 during the loading process. After the arrangement is completed, the system is turned on for testing. The drive motor 14 moves according to the set speed of the measurement and control system 19, drives the drive shaft 12 and the drive wheel 17 to rotate through the transmission mechanism 13, and the tested wheel 18 rotates with the drive wheel 17. The movement on the track, the loading hydraulic cylinder 9 moves according to the set waveform of the measurement and control system, it can be loaded in the axial and radial directions at the same time, and can also be loaded in any single direction. During the loading process, the shaft brake 8 can frequently simulate braking, braking Power and braking time can be set on the measurement and control system 19.

Static loading test conditions are shown in Figure 3, the tested wheel 18 is installed on the static loaded axle 4, and the positions of the static loading adapter 6 and the loading sensor 9 are adjusted so that the static loading adapter 6 and the tested wheel 18 are closely attached. Sensors are arranged around the tested wheel 18 to collect the deformation of the tested wheel 18 during the loading process. After the arrangement is completed, the system is opened for testing, and the loading hydraulic cylinder 9 is loaded according to the set load spectrum of the measurement and control system, which can be loaded simultaneously in the axial direction and radial direction, or can be loaded in any single direction.

In summary, the rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench of this embodiment has comprehensive functions and strong versatility, and can comprehensively simulate and assess various performance indicators of elastic wheels, and provide data support for the processing and performance improvement of elastic wheels. And the equipment and space are effectively used, and the product cost and use cost are reduced.

The elastic wheel loading test bench of the present invention is not limited to the elastic wheel test, and various changes and expansions can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention, for example, it can be applied to the same static and fatigue test requirements. In various mechanical structure tests, the same effect can be achieved, which is not described in detail in the present invention.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench is characterized in that: comprise base, fatigue loading assembly, static loading assembly, load loading assembly and the two-way slide table that is arranged on the base; Wherein, the load loading assembly can apply axial and radial force to the tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly and the static loading assembly are arranged on the base, and the fatigue loading assembly includes a a driving assembly and a braking assembly simulating the acceleration, deceleration and braking of the tested wheel, the fatigue loading assembly cooperates with the load loading assembly to simulate the working conditions of the tested wheel movement process; The static loading assembly can fix the tested wheel and cooperate with the load loading assembly to simulate the static working condition of the tested wheel; The lower end of the two-way slide table is fixed with a dynamic loading wheel shaft through the second bearing group, the brake assembly is a shaft brake, the upper end of the dynamic loading wheel shaft is connected with the shaft brake, and the lower end of the dynamic loading wheel shaft is used for connecting the tested wheel; The load loading assembly can apply a force consistent with the axial and radial directions of the tested wheel to the two-way slide table, and the two-way slide table drives the tested wheel to squeeze the driving wheel, thereby simulating the force of the tested wheel Axial and radial forces. 2. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test stand according to claim 1, wherein the drive assembly includes a motor, a drive shaft driven by the motor, a drive shaft connected to the drive shaft and driven by the drive shaft The driving wheel is in contact with the tested wheel and drives the tested wheel to move. 3. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: it also includes a drive platform arranged on the base, the motor drives the drive shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the drive shaft Supported and fixed by the first bearing set, The motor, the driving wheel, the driving shaft, the transmission mechanism and the first bearing group are all fixed on the driving platform. 4. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dynamic loading axle comprises two sections connected by flanges, wherein the lower segment of the dynamic loading axle is connected to the tested vehicle Wheels are detachably attached. 5. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench according to claim 1, wherein the static loading assembly includes a shaft support seat, a static loading wheel shaft, a shaft locker and a static loading adapter; The static loading axle is fixed on the base through the axle support seat, and the tested wheel is arranged on the static loading axle; The shaft locker is used to lock and fix the tested wheel; The static load adapter is connected to the outer edge of the tested wheel, and can be connected with the load loading assembly, and the load loading assembly applies axial and radial forces to the tested wheel through the static load adapter. 6. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test stand according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the load loading assembly includes two loading actuation hydraulic cylinders, one of which loads actuation hydraulic cylinders to the An axial force is applied to the tested wheel, and another loading hydraulic cylinder applies a radial force to the tested wheel. 7. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drive wheel is a two-layer structure connected by threads, and the outer layer of the drive wheel is used to contact the wheel under test , and the contact surface between the outer layer of the driving wheel and the tested wheel is a track structure; The inner layer of the drive wheel is fixedly connected with the drive shaft. 8. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test stand according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that: it also includes a measurement and control system and a dust suction assembly, and the measurement and control system is used to control the fatigue loading assembly and the load loading The action of the components, and collect the performance index of the tested wheel, make relevant records and output; The dust suction port of the dust suction assembly is arranged below the contact position between the driving wheel and the tested wheel. 9. The rail vehicle elastic wheel loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: a cooling system is respectively provided corresponding to the first bearing group, the second bearing group and the shaft brake.