CN109752202B - Train disc type caliper brake test bed with rigidity adjustable structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of friction braking, and particularly relates to a train disc type caliper braking test bed with a rigidity-adjustable structure. Aiming at the scientific problems that the contact rigidity between the brake discs/sheets has larger influence on the friction vibration noise behavior, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: the test bed base is also provided with a train disc type caliper brake module, and the train disc type caliper brake module comprises a friction block pressing plate for applying braking force to the brake disc; the upper portion of friction block clamp plate is connected with suspension bolt, suspension bolt top is provided with the accurate adjusting device of rigidity, the accurate adjusting device below of rigidity is provided with the calliper mounting panel that is used for connecting the test bench base, be provided with waist shape hole on the calliper mounting panel, but suspension bolt passes waist shape hole constitution and calliper mounting panel between sliding connection, be provided with the spring between suspension bolt lower extreme and the calliper mounting panel. The application is suitable for the research of the braking performance of the brake.

Description

A train disc caliper brake test bench with adjustable stiffness structure

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of friction braking, and specifically relates to a train disc caliper braking test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure.

Background technique

As a key test equipment in the field of vehicle friction braking, the braking performance test bench is mainly used to study the vibration and noise of the brake disc/plate contact interface during the vehicle braking process, as well as its wear patterns and friction heat distribution. It is used for various types of brakes. The braking performance optimization provides accurate test data support. Friction braking can be used in both normal braking and emergency braking, and is also the final guarantee for safe parking. With the rapid development of the national economy, transportation vehicles are developing in depth and high speed, especially in the field of electrified trains, which continue to exceed the maximum operating speed. On the other hand, the national and social levels have increasingly higher requirements for operational safety and environmental protection. How to effectively control the noise and wear debris emissions generated by the friction and braking process during high-speed train operation has become a major problem faced by researchers and industrial enterprises in the industry. . Therefore, before various types of vehicle brakes are applied in actual engineering, it is necessary to test the shape or arrangement of the brake pad friction block and the self-excited vibration of the friction interface, the stress distribution of the friction interface, friction heat and its distribution, friction force, The relationship between factors such as brake disc/friction pad is studied.

Existing braking performance test benches generally have functions such as load simulation, drive motor speed regulation, braking simulation, vibration and noise and braking force signal acquisition and analysis, and brake disc/friction pad heat distribution acquisition. The basic principle of the braking performance test bench is to use an inertia wheel to simulate the braking quality of the vehicle, and the motor drives the inertia shaft system to rotate. After reaching the preset rotation speed of the brake disc, the test piece is exerted by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. braking force, thereby simulating the conversion process of the vehicle's kinetic energy and braking energy, and finally collecting and analyzing various performance parameters related to braking.

In the friction braking performance test, due to the severe friction between the brake disc and the friction block that applies braking force, resonance will occur between the brake disc and the braking device that applies braking force. In addition, the contact stiffness between the brake disc/plate has a great influence on the friction, vibration and noise behavior. It is necessary to introduce a stiffness adjustable device into the train disc caliper brake test bench to prevent the resonance of the brake module and achieve precise control of the stiffness. , thereby studying the interface friction vibration noise behavior under different contact stiffnesses.

Contents of the invention

In the friction braking performance test, due to the severe friction between the brake disc and the friction block that applies braking force, it will cause resonance between the brake disc and the braking device that applies braking force, as well as the friction between the brake disc/plate. Contact stiffness has a great influence on friction, vibration and noise behavior and other scientific issues. The present invention provides a train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure. Its purpose is to prevent the resonance of the braking module and achieve accurate stiffness. Control, thereby studying the interface friction vibration noise behavior under different contact stiffnesses.

The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure, including a test bench base. The test bench base is provided with a driving device, a rotating shaft and a detection device. The end of the rotating shaft is provided with a brake disc. A train disc caliper braking module is also provided on the base of the test bench. The train disc caliper braking module includes a friction block pressure plate for applying braking force to the brake disc. The train disc caliper braking module is also provided with There is at least one caliper mounting plate connected to the base of the test bench; the upper part of the friction block pressure plate is connected to a suspension bolt, the top of the suspension bolt is provided with a precise stiffness adjustment device, and the bottom of the precise stiffness adjustment device is provided with a device for connecting to the test bench. The caliper mounting plate of the base is provided with a waist-shaped hole. The suspension bolt passes through the waist-shaped hole to form a slidable connection with the caliper mounting plate. The lower end of the suspension bolt is connected to the caliper mounting plate. Provided with a spring.

After adopting this technical solution, during the test process, the friction block pressure plate squeezes the friction block to provide braking force to the brake disc. During the friction braking process, large vibrations are generated. The set suspension bolts can float up and down, and at the same time use the compression force of the spring to slow down the vibration, thereby avoiding excessive vibration of the train disc caliper brake module in the tangential direction of the brake disc and causing its own resonance, and the suspension bolts are not Does not affect the authenticity of vibration data. In addition, a precise stiffness adjustment device is set up and the bilateral spring stiffness is accurately adjusted according to actual experimental research needs, so as to study the influence of the brake disc/plate contact stiffness on its braking performance.

Preferably, the train disc caliper brake module includes an intermediate bracket and a cylinder I. Each end of the intermediate bracket is hinged with a bracket. One end of the two brackets is respectively hinged with the two ends of the cylinder I. The two brackets are hinged to each other. Each of the other ends is hinged with a friction block pressure plate. The friction block pressure plate is connected with a clamp for providing braking force to the side of the brake disc through bolts. Multiple train disc caliper brake module friction blocks are provided on the surface of the clamp, so The middle bracket is also provided with a caliper mounting plate for connecting the braking module loading base.

After adopting this preferred solution, the clamp is designed to be separated from the friction block pressure plate. At the same time, train disc caliper brake module friction blocks of different shapes and arrangements can be installed on the clamp, making the test functions of the present invention richer. It can meet the needs of various comparative tests.

Further preferably, a train friction radius adjustment device is provided between the train disc caliper brake module and the brake module loading seat. The train friction radius adjustment device includes a friction radius adjustment device support plate, and the friction radius adjustment device support plate A guide rail is provided on the guide rail. A chute is provided on the guide rail. A train disc caliper brake module mounting seat is connected to the chute. The train disc caliper brake module mounting seat is connected to the caliper mounting plate. The support plate of the friction radius adjustment device is also provided with a screw rod for pushing the train disc caliper brake module mounting seat to reciprocate.

In this preferred solution, the linear drive mechanism composed of guide rails, slide grooves and screw rods can drive the train disc caliper brake module mounting seat to move linearly, and then drive the train disc caliper brake module to move linearly as a whole. The direction of movement is related to the braking function. The plane of the disc is parallel, so that the train disc caliper braking module can adjust the position of the braking force exerted on the brake disc, that is, the friction radius is adjusted.

Preferably, a wear debris collection device is provided below the brake disc. After adopting this preferred solution, the wear debris generated by the brake disc can be collected and the wear debris can be analyzed.

Preferably, the driving device includes a flywheel set, and the flywheel set is a combined flywheel set. This preferred solution uses a combined flywheel set, which can increase or decrease the number of flywheels according to the inertia of the actual simulation object. Compared with the traditional braking performance test bench with fixed rotational inertia, the present invention has a wider range of adaptability to inertia. , the wider the range of objects that can be simulated.

Preferably, the detection device includes one or more of a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor, a three-way force sensor, a microphone, a thermal imager or a vibration acceleration sensor. The above-mentioned detection devices can be selected according to actual test needs to achieve a high degree of integration of sensors, dynamic signal analysis systems, microphones, thermal imagers and computers, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of human resources during the test process and efficiently completing various friction braking tests.

In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. During the test, the friction block pressure plate squeezes the friction block to provide braking force to the brake disc. During the friction braking process, large vibrations are generated. The set suspension bolts can float up and down, and at the same time use the compression force of the spring to slow down this vibration, and the set up suspension bolts can float up and down, and at the same time use the compression force of the spring to slow down this vibration, thereby preventing the train disc caliper from braking. The excessive vibration of the module in the tangential direction of the brake disc causes its own resonance, and adding a precise stiffness adjustment device does not affect the authenticity of the vibration data.

2. By setting up a precise stiffness adjustment device and accurately adjusting the bilateral spring stiffness according to actual experimental research needs, the impact of the brake disc/plate contact stiffness on its braking performance is studied.

2. The clamp is designed to be separated from the friction block pressure plate. At the same time, train disc caliper brake module friction blocks of different shapes and arrangements can be installed on the clamp, making the test functions of the invention richer and able to meet various needs. The need for comparative testing.

3. The linear drive mechanism composed of guide rails, slide grooves and screw rods can drive the train disc caliper brake module mounting seat to move linearly, and then drive the train disc caliper brake module to move linearly as a whole. The direction of movement is consistent with the plane of the brake disc. Parallel, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the position where the train disc caliper braking module applies braking force to the brake disc, that is, adjusting the friction radius.

4. The wear debris generated by the brake disc can be collected to analyze the wear debris.

5. Using a combined flywheel set, the number of flywheels can be increased or reduced according to the inertia of the actual simulated object. Compared with the traditional braking performance test bench with fixed rotational inertia, the present invention has a wider range of adaptability to inertia. The wider the range of objects that can be simulated.

6. The detection device can be selected according to actual test needs to achieve a high degree of integration of sensors, dynamic signal analysis systems, microphones, thermal imagers and computers, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of human resources during the test process and efficiently completing various friction braking tests. .

Description of drawings

The invention will be explained by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the final assembly structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the train disc caliper brake module of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the friction radius adjustment device of the train disc caliper brake module of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the train disc caliper brake module and the friction radius adjustment device connected according to the present invention.

Among them: 1-motor, 2-clutch motor coupling sleeve, 3-clutch, 4-bearing seat I, 5-flywheel set, 6-bearing seat II, 7-coupling I, 8-torque sensor, 9-coupling Device II, 10-friction radius adjustment device, 11-air compressor, 12-braking module, 13-wear debris collection device, 14-thermal imager, 15-test bench base, 16-brake disc, 17-microphone , 18-braking module loading seat, 19-torque sensor installation platform, 20-bearing seat II installation platform, 21-bearing seat I installation platform, 22-motor installation platform, 23-power and signal line, 24-control console, 25-Friction radius adjustment device support plate, 26-Screw rod, 27-Train disc caliper brake module mounting seat, 28-Chute, 29-Guide rail, 30-Caliper mounting plate, 31-Stiffness precise adjustment device, 32- Suspension bolt, 33-joint support seat, 34-middle bracket, 35-bracket, 36-cylinder, 37-cylinder support, 38-bolt Ⅰ, 39-bolt Ⅱ, 40-clamp, 41-friction block pressure plate, 42- spring.

Detailed ways

All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in a method or process disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined in any way.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 4.

A train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure. This modular comprehensive braking performance test bench is installed in a laboratory. First, a foundation of appropriate size and depth is prefabricated in the laboratory, and the test bench base 15 is completely fixed to the foundation. The braking module loading base 18, torque sensor mounting base 19, bearing housing II mounting base 20, and bearing housing I are installed through bolts. The platform 21 and the motor installation platform 22 are fixedly connected to the test bench base 15. The output shaft of the motor 1 is connected to the clutch 3 through the clutch motor coupling sleeve 2, and the power is transmitted to the flywheel set 5 through the bearing seat I4, and the flywheel set 5 supports Between the bearing seat I4 and the bearing seat II6, the output end of the rotating shaft of the flywheel group 5 is connected to the rotating shaft of the torque sensor 8 through the coupling I7. The torque sensor 8 is installed on the torque sensor mounting platform 19, and the output end of the rotating shaft is connected to the brake. The disk 16 is connected to a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is installed on the brake module loading seat 18 through bearings to realize power transmission of a modular friction braking experimental device. The motor 1, clutch motor coupling sleeve 2, clutch 3, bearing seat I4, flywheel group 5, bearing seat II6, coupling I7, torque sensor 8, coupling II9, brake module loading seat 18 and brake disc 16 are arranged along an axial direction and installed on the test bench base 15 through bolts.

The brake module loading base 18 is a metal base with multiple mounting holes on multiple surfaces. By positioning the mounting holes, the braking module loading base 18 can connect the friction braking module to the train disc caliper. One of a variety of dynamic modules, single-pad caliper brake modules, tread brake modules or full-size automotive brake modules.

This embodiment is also provided with a console 24. The console 24 controls the starting, shutting down and speed regulation of the motor 1 through the power supply and signal lines, controls the operation of the clutch 3, and controls the working status of the braking module 12 (in this embodiment That is, to control the working state of the air compressor 11), display the rotation speed of the motor 1 collected by the rotation speed sensor provided on the output shaft of the motor 1, display the torque data collected by the torque sensor 8, and display the dynamic signal analysis system collected by the built-in console 24 Vibration data of the brake module 12 or other components of research significance, display the braking force provided to the brake module by the air compressor 11 collected by the three-way force sensor installed on the middle bracket 34, display the braking force provided on the front of the brake disc The temperature field of the brake disc captured by the thermal imager 14 displays the friction noise signal collected by the microphone 17 arranged next to the brake disc. To sum up, by setting the console 24, it is more convenient to control the start/stop of the test bench, the start/stop of the electric motor 1, the suction/minute of the clutch 3, the addition/unloading of the brake module 12, control the power supply and emergency stop. , to collect and display the rotational speed signal of the motor 1, the torque signal of the torque sensor 8, the braking force provided by the air compressor 11, the vibration and friction noise signals of the braking module 12, and the temperature field of the brake disc.

In this embodiment, the brake module loading base 18 is connected to the train disc caliper brake module. The train disc caliper brake module includes an intermediate bracket 34 and a cylinder 36. Each end of the intermediate bracket 34 is hinged with a bracket 35, so One end of the two brackets 35 is hinged to both ends of the cylinder 36 respectively. The other ends of the two brackets 35 are each hinged to a friction block pressure plate 41. The friction block pressure plate 41 is connected with a bolt for pressing the brake disc. The clamp 40 provides braking force on the side. A plurality of train disc caliper brake module friction blocks are provided on the surface of the clamp 40. The intermediate bracket 34 is provided with a caliper mounting plate for connecting the brake module loading seat 18 through the joint support seat 33. 30.

As a preferred way, a train friction radius adjustment device 10 is provided between the train disc caliper brake module and the brake module loading seat 18. The train friction radius adjustment device 10 includes a friction radius adjustment device support plate 25, so The friction radius adjustment device support plate 25 is provided with a guide rail 29. The guide rail 29 is provided with a chute 28. The chute 28 is connected to a train disc caliper brake module mounting seat 27. The train disc caliper is The brake module mounting seat 27 is connected to the caliper mounting plate 30. The friction radius adjustment device support plate 25 is also provided with a screw rod 26 for pushing the train disc caliper brake module mounting seat 27 to reciprocate.

As a preferred way, the upper part of the friction block pressure plate 41 is connected with a suspension bolt 32. A precise stiffness adjustment device 31 is provided on the top of the suspension bolt 32. A device for connecting the test bench base is provided below the precise stiffness adjustment device 31. 15 caliper mounting plate 30, the caliper mounting plate 30 is provided with a waist-shaped hole, the hanging bolt 32 passes through the waist-shaped hole to form a slidable connection with the caliper mounting plate 30, the lower end of the hanging bolt 32 is connected to the caliper mounting plate 30. A spring 42 is provided between the caliper mounting plates 30 . The stiffness precise adjustment device 31 is an existing device, and its function is to quantitatively tighten the suspension bolts 32 to accurately adjust the stiffness of the spring 42 .

The train disc type is assembled from the caliper mounting plate 30, suspension bolt 32, joint support seat 33, intermediate bracket 34, bracket 35, cylinder 36, cylinder support 37, bolt I 38, bolt II 39, friction block pressure plate 41, spring 42 The caliper brake module is installed on the brake module loading seat 18, and the clamp 40 with the friction blocks 57 of the train disc caliper brake module is arranged in a certain arrangement and is fixedly connected to the friction block pressure plate 41 through bolts. When the brake module is loaded The brake disc 16 is installed on the rotating shaft of the seat 18, and the air compressor 11 is connected to the cylinder 36 through the air pressure pipeline. The connection method of the control system and test equipment is consistent with the above. The tester operates in front of the console 24 and completes the relevant test work.

The above-described embodiments only express specific implementation modes of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the technical solution of the present application, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. A train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure, including a test bench base (15). The test bench base (15) is provided with a driving device, a rotating shaft and a detection device, and is characterized by: A brake disc is provided at the end of the rotating shaft, and a train disc caliper braking module is also provided on the test bench base (15). The train disc caliper braking module includes a brake disc for applying braking force to the brake disc. Friction block pressure plate (41), the train disc caliper brake module is also provided with at least one caliper installation plate (30) connected to the test bench base (15); the upper part of the friction block pressure plate (41) is connected with a suspension Bolt (32), the top of the suspension bolt (32) is provided with a precise stiffness adjustment device (31), and a caliper mounting plate (30) for connecting the test bench base (15) is provided below the precise stiffness adjustment device (31) , the caliper mounting plate (30) is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the suspension bolt (32) passes through the waist-shaped hole to form a slidable connection with the caliper mounting plate (30). The suspension bolt (32) A spring (42) is provided between the lower end and the caliper mounting plate (30); The train disc caliper braking module includes an intermediate bracket (35) and a cylinder I (35). A bracket (35) is hinged at both ends of the intermediate bracket (35). One end of the two brackets (35) They are respectively hinged to both ends of the cylinder I (35). The other ends of the two brackets (35) are each hinged to a friction block pressure plate (41). The friction block pressure plate (41) is connected with a bolt for pressing the brake. A clamp (40) provides braking force on the side of the moving disc. A plurality of train disc caliper brake module friction blocks (57) are provided on the surface of the clamp (40). The intermediate bracket (35) is also provided with a brake module for connecting the brake module. Caliper mounting plate (30) of loading base (18); A train friction radius adjustment device (10) is provided between the train disc caliper brake module and the brake module loading seat (18). The train friction radius adjustment device (10) includes a friction radius adjustment device support plate (25 ), the friction radius adjustment device support plate (25) is provided with a guide rail (29), the guide rail (29) is provided with a chute (28), and the chute (28) is connected to a train disc caliper Braking module mounting seat (27), the train disc caliper braking module mounting seat (27) is connected to the caliper mounting plate (30), and the friction radius adjustment device support plate (25) is also provided with a device for pushing the train The reciprocating screw rod (26) of the disc caliper brake module mounting base (27); It also includes a console (24), which is electrically connected to the electric motor (1), the clutch (3) and the braking module (12). 2. A train disc caliper braking test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a wear debris collection device (13) is provided below the brake disc. 3. A train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving device includes a flywheel set (5), and the flywheel set (5) is a combination Flywheel set. 4. A train disc caliper brake test bench with an adjustable stiffness structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detection device includes a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor (8), a three-way force sensor, and a microphone. (17), one or more of a thermal imager (14) or a vibration acceleration sensor.