CN106699329A - Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharide-containing foliar fertilizer composition and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a foliar fertilizer composition containing chrysanthemum polysaccharide, which is characterized in that: the composition contains chrysanthemum polysaccharide, chrysanthemum extract and trace elements capable of promoting plant growth, and the chrysanthemum polysaccharide is extracted from the plant chrysanthemum The obtained carbohydrate is a copolymer composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose, with a content of 99%. The elements include at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and molybdenum, and the wild chrysanthemum extract is water or ethanol extracted from wild chrysanthemum Extract. Wherein the content of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide is 1%-10% of the total weight of the composition, the content of wild chrysanthemum or the stem and leaf extract of wild chrysanthemum is 0%-50% of the total weight of the composition, and the content of elemental foliage fertilizer is 5%-10% of the total weight of the composition 50%, the elements include at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and molybdenum. The composition is applied to Chinese medicinal materials and economic crops, especially to rhizome crops, which can not only increase yield but also reduce diseases.

Description

Foliar fertilizer composition containing wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a composition for producing foliar fertilizer by using health food raw materials and the application of the composition in Chinese medicinal materials and economic crops.

technical background

Due to the increasingly serious pesticide residues and the harmful effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on crops, land, and water sources, plant-based agricultural fertilizers are bound to become one of the solutions, especially in consideration of food safety, from the country to agricultural enterprises. to the need to curb the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The foliar fertilizer products with plant active substances as the main components are a new direction for the development of the foliar fertilizer industry, which meet the requirements of modern ecological agriculture, and have the advantages of wide sources, low development investment, and large market development space. In the future, plant-sourced agricultural fertilizers will occupy an important position.

Foliar fertilizer is non-toxic and harmless and contains various nutrients. It is sprayed on the leaf surface of plants according to a certain dose and concentration to directly supply crop nutrients. It is a method of fertilizing outside the roots. Practice has proved that the leaves can be directly absorbed and utilized, which can quickly improve the nutritional status of plants, promote the growth and development of plants, and improve the quality of products. At present, plant growth regulators are added to some foliar fertilizers. The regulators used in agriculture at home and abroad are mainly chemically synthesized, such as gibberellin and indole acetic acid. Such substances enter the human body and seriously affect human health. . At present, the foliar fertilizer products mainly composed of plant active ingredients overcome the defects of poor fertilizer efficiency, weak penetration and poor crop absorption of traditional elemental fertilizers, and have broad application prospects. The foliar fertilizer of the present invention uses plant-derived polysaccharides as raw materials, and is used for Chinese medicinal materials, economic crops, etc., especially rhizome Chinese medicinal materials, which can promote the growth of various crops, and can effectively prevent various diseases, improve Crop quality, non-toxic to soil and crops. It has laid a strong fertilizer foundation for the development and production of green food and medicinal materials without pesticide residues, and will have huge ecological and social effects on the development of green agriculture. There is no patent report on the foliar fertilizer composition containing polysaccharide as active ingredient.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a foliar fertilizer composition containing plant polysaccharides and plant extracts, wherein the composition contains wild chrysanthemum polysaccharides, wild chrysanthemum extracts and various trace element foliage fertilizers, which will have the ability to induce plant resistance The introduction of polysaccharides and chrysanthemum polysaccharides that promote root growth into elemental foliar fertilizers can promote plant root growth and nutrient absorption, and can inhibit the occurrence of diseases.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is: provide a kind of foliar fertilizer composition containing polysaccharides of wild chrysanthemum, wherein the content of polysaccharides of wild chrysanthemums is 1%-10% of the total weight of the composition, and the extracts of the stems and leaves of wild chrysanthemums or wild chrysanthemums are combined 0%-50% of the total weight of the composition, the content of the elemental foliar fertilizer is 5%-50% of the total weight of the composition, and the elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, manganese, copper, At least one of zinc and molybdenum. After the foliar fertilizer composition is diluted, it is sprayed on the foliage of crops at the bud stage, once every 7-10 days, and continuously for 2-10 times.

The composition also contains one or more substances selected from the group consisting of potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium lactate, water.

The composition is prepared in a dosage form selected from the group consisting of wettable powder, soluble powder, effervescent tablet, granule, microcapsule, suspension, emulsifiable concentrate, and emulsion in water.

The wild chrysanthemum extract is obtained from Chrysanthemum indicum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.), North wild chrysanthemum (C.boreale Mak.) or rock fragrant chrysanthemum (C.lavandulaefolium (Fisch.) Mak.) etc. The whole plant including rhizomes and flowers are extracted from aqueous or alcoholic extracts.

The wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide is a carbohydrate extracted from the plant wild chrysanthemum, and is a copolymer composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose, with a content of 99%.

The composition is applied to Chinese medicinal materials and economic crops. Among them, it can not only increase yield but also reduce diseases for root crops.

The application method of the composition is to spray the product on the leaves after diluting the product with water during planting of crops.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. Introducing chrysanthemum polysaccharides, which can induce plant disease resistance and promote root growth, into elemental foliar fertilizers, which can promote the growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and have a certain effect on preventing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, with double effects , can partially replace the use of chemical plant growth regulators, reduce chemical residues, and solve the safety problems of food and Chinese medicinal materials.

2. The present invention uses the wild chrysanthemum extract as a solvent, fully utilizes the synergistic effect of various active and effective components in the wild chrysanthemum, improves the resistance of plants to infectious diseases, and meanwhile, the yield and quality are also significantly improved.

3. The main active components of the present invention are trace elements, wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide, and wild chrysanthemum extract, which have wide sources and low prices, and are suitable for large-scale promotion.

4. The foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention has a small amount of use, a long duration of action, and no phytotoxicity.

Description of drawings

Figure 1. GC spectrum of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide

Figure 2. GC spectrum of monosaccharide standards (glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, fructose, mannose and fucose)

detailed description

Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is by no means limited to following embodiment.

Example 1

The foliage fertilizer composition containing chrysanthemum polysaccharide of this embodiment is formulated into water, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble liquid, and suspending agent by adding solvents and auxiliary agents, and is prepared into powder, soluble powder, wettable powder, and granules by adding common carriers and auxiliary agents. Agents, tablets, etc., this embodiment takes water as an example, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto:

Take 1 part of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide, 100 parts of 10-fold dilution of the water extract of wild chrysanthemum stems and leaves, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate, and 0.5% wt of Tween-80 in the total.

The preparation method steps are as follows:

(1) Preparation of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide: dried wild chrysanthemum and crushed, weighed appropriate amount of wild chrysanthemum powder and extracted in aqueous solution (w/v, 1:10) at 90°C for 3 hours, repeated extraction twice to combine the filtrate, after standing for 24 hours, vacuum filtration Finally, the filtrate was collected and concentrated into an extract. The crude polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Protein was removed by sevag method to obtain pure polysaccharide with a purity of 99% (determined by sulfuric acid phenol method). Using GC analysis after derivatization, its monosaccharide composition is a copolymer composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose.

(2) Chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract: take the dried stem and leaf powder of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum (through a 40-mesh sieve), add water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio (W/V, 1:10), extract at 90°C for 3 hours, let it stand for 24 hours, and vacuum After suction filtration, the stock solution of the wild chrysanthemum extract was obtained.

(3) Dilute the wild chrysanthemum stock solution in step 2 with water 100 times, add it to the reaction kettle, then add ammonium molybdate and copper sulfate to the reaction kettle and stir to dissolve, add chelating agent citric acid, adjust the temperature to 80°C, and react for 0.5 hours , cooled to room temperature, adding polysaccharides and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the reaction kettle, dissolved, stirred and mixed, suction filtered, and the filtrate was set aside.

(4) Put the filtrate of step 3 in the finished product kettle, add surfactant Tween-80, mix evenly, and obtain the foliar fertilizer product of the chrysanthemum polysaccharide composition.

Among them, trace element fertilizers are determined according to the method in the annex of NY1428.

Among them, the purity of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum was determined by colorimetry.

Among them, the monosaccharide composition of chrysanthemum polysaccharide was analyzed by GC after derivatization. The chromatographic conditions are: gas chromatographic conditions: the gas chromatograph model is Aglient GC-7890B, HP-5 (30m×320μm×0.25μm) elastic quartz capillary column, hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID). The detector temperature is 260°C, the split ratio is 25:1, the injection volume is 1 μL, the hydrogen flow rate is 30 mL, and the air flow rate is 400 mL. Programmed temperature rise: the initial temperature is 125°C, rise to 128°C at 1°C/min, keep for 5 minutes, then rise to 129°C at 0.1°C/min, then rise to 140°C at 1°C/min, and finally at 5°C/min min rises to 280°C. The GC chromatogram of polysaccharide monosaccharide composition is shown in Figure 1. Compared with the monosaccharide standard, polysaccharide is a heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and fructose.

The application method of the foliar fertilizer composition obtained in Example 1 is: dilute the foliar fertilizer composition by 10-2000 times, spray once every 7-10 days at the seedling stage of rhizome medicinal materials and economic crops, Continuous spraying 2-10 times.

Example 2 Using the foliar fertilizer composition to increase the yield of Atractylodes macrocephala and reduce soil-borne diseases of Atractylodes atractylodes

Spraying the product at the seedling stage of Atractylodes macrocephala can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases of Atractylodes atractylodes and achieve the purpose of increasing production at the same time.

The following treatments were set up in the test: (1) spray Atractylodes macrocephala (CK) only with clear water; (2) spray chlorothalonil and routine management; (3) dilute the foliar fertilizer composition described in Example 1 by 1000 times, spray . A total of 3 groups of treatment, each treatment repeated 3 times. Other cultivation management measures were the same.

The experiment was carried out at the Pingshan Farm of Zhejiang A&F University from January to October 2014, with an area of 6m ² per plot. In January 2015, the soaked Atractylodes macrocephala seeds were sown in the experimental field. During the experiment, weeding was done manually without any other herbicides. The conventional foliar spraying method was used for the application. The application time was April 15, April 25 and On May 3, a total of three times. The statistics of the condition were on August 20. Observe the incidence of Atractylodes macrocephala, and calculate the disease index according to the disease grading standard. At the same time, during the harvest period of Atractylodes macrocephala in late October 2014, the total output of Atractylodes macrocephala was counted, and the effect of increasing production was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

The influence of table 1 foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention on the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala in the field, the morbidity situation

Note: The data are the mean ± standard error of three repeated groups. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P=0.05 level, and different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences at the P=0.01 level.

Example 3

The foliage fertilizer composition containing chrysanthemum polysaccharide of this embodiment is formulated into water, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble liquid, and suspending agent by adding solvents and auxiliary agents, and is prepared into powder, soluble powder, wettable powder, and granules by adding common carriers and auxiliary agents. Agents, tablets, etc., this embodiment takes water as an example, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto:

Take 1 part of chrysanthemum polysaccharide, 100 parts of water, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate, and Tween-80 accounts for 0.3% wt of the total amount.

The preparation method steps are as follows:

(1) Preparation of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide: dried wild chrysanthemum and crushed, weighed appropriate amount of wild chrysanthemum powder and extracted in aqueous solution (w/v, 1:10) at 90°C for 3 hours, repeated extraction twice to combine the filtrate, after standing for 24 hours, vacuum filtration Finally, the filtrate was collected and concentrated into an extract. The crude polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Protein was removed by sevag method to obtain pure polysaccharide with a purity of 99% (determined by sulfuric acid phenol method). Using GC analysis after derivatization, its monosaccharide composition is a copolymer composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose.

(2) Add water, ammonium molybdate, and copper sulfate to the reactor and stir to dissolve, add chelating agent citric acid, adjust the temperature to 80°C, react for 0.5 hours, cool to room temperature, add chrysanthemum polysaccharide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Dissolve, stir and mix well, filter with suction, and use the filtrate for later use.

(4) Put the filtrate of step 3 into the finished product kettle, add surfactant Tween-80, mix evenly, and obtain the foliar fertilizer composition of the chrysanthemum polysaccharide composition.

Among them, trace element fertilizers are determined according to the method in the annex of NY1428.

Among them, the purity of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum was determined by colorimetry.

Among them, the monosaccharide composition of chrysanthemum polysaccharide was analyzed by GC after derivatization. The chromatographic conditions are: gas chromatographic conditions: the gas chromatograph model is Aglient GC-7890B, HP-5 (30m×320μm×0.25μm) elastic quartz capillary column, hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID). The detector temperature is 260°C, the split ratio is 25:1, the injection volume is 1 μL, the hydrogen flow rate is 30 mL, and the air flow rate is 400 mL. Programmed temperature rise: the initial temperature is 125°C, rise to 128°C at 1°C/min, keep for 5 minutes, then rise to 129°C at 0.1°C/min, then rise to 140°C at 1°C/min, and finally at 5°C/min min rises to 280°C. See Figure 1 for the GC chromatogram of polysaccharide monosaccharide composition.

The method of using the foliar fertilizer composition obtained in Example 3 is: at the seedling stage of rhizome medicinal materials and economic crops, dilute the foliage fertilizer composition by 10-2000 times, Period, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-10 times continuously.

Embodiment 4 uses the foliage fertilizer composition of the present invention to improve the yield of Rhizoma radix and reduce the occurrence of diseases

Using the foliar fertilizer composition of Example 3 can increase the yield of Rhizoma Rhododendron and has a certain control effect on downy mildew and sclerotinia of Rhizoma Rhizoma Rhizoma, the relative control effect reaches 66.1%, and the yield increase rate of Rhizoma Rhizoma reaches more than 30%. .

The test site was located in Xinwo Town, Pan'an County, and it was carried out from October 2014 to May 2015. The following treatments were set up in the experiment: (1) Spraying fenugreek (CK) with clear water only; (2) routine pesticide management group; (3) diluting the foliar fertilizer composition described in Example 3 by 500 times and spraying. A total of 3 groups of treatment, each treatment repeated 3 times. Random block arrangement. Other cultivation management measures were the same.

In October 2014, the soaked seeds of Rhizoma chinensis were sown in the test field. During the test period, weeding was done manually without using any other herbicides. The conventional foliar spraying method was used for spraying. The spraying time was November 15th and December 20th. , a total of three times on December 30. During the harvest period of Yuanhu in May 2014, the total output of Yuanhu was counted, and the effect of increasing production was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. The influence of the foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention on the growth and disease prevention situation of Cyperus in the field

Note: The data are the mean ± standard error of three repeated groups. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P=0.05 level, and different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences at the P=0.01 level.

Embodiment 5 uses foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention to improve sweet potato yield

Two varieties of sweet potatoes, Zheshu No. 13 and Longshu No. 9, were used for the yield experiment. The experimental location was Maotian Village, Suichang, Zhejiang Province. In April 2014, the soil was prepared, base fertilizer was applied in holes, and cuttings were carried out. Before June of the same year, the foliar fertilizer composition of Example 1 was diluted 800 times, and sprayed once every 7 days on the foliage, 3 times in total, and the yields of 2 varieties were counted during the harvest period in October of the same year. The results showed that the foliar fertilizer of the present invention The fertilizer composition has a good yield-increasing effect on sweet potatoes, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. The influence of foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention on the growth of field sweet potato

Embodiment 6 uses the foliage fertilizer composition of the present invention to improve the yield of Angelica sinensis and reduce the occurrence of diseases

In March, 2014, in Yongxing Village, Meichuan Town, Minxian County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, Angelica sinensis yield increase and disease prevention and control experiment were carried out: the test was set as follows: (1) only use clear water (CK); Said foliage fertilizer composition is diluted 1000 times and sprayed. The area of each plot is 6m ² , there are 2 groups of treatments in total, and each treatment is repeated 3 times, arranged in random blocks.

The cultivation conditions and field management were basically the same. Weeding was done manually during the test period, and no other herbicides were used. Spray once every 10 days at the seedling stage (June) of Angelica sinensis, a total of three times. During the harvest period of Angelica sinensis in late October 2014, the total output of Angelica sinensis was counted, the effect of increasing production was calculated, and the incidence rate of Angelica sinensis was counted. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. The impact of the foliar fertilizer composition of the present invention on the output of Angelica sinensis in the field and the incidence of pockmark disease

Note: The data are the mean ± standard error of the three repeated groups, and the same row of data has a different parent, indicating a significant difference at the P=0.05 level.

Example 7 The configuration method of the foliar fertilizer composition containing chrysanthemum polysaccharide

The active ingredients of this foliar fertilizer are chrysanthemum polysaccharide, chrysanthemum extract and trace elements, wherein chrysanthemum polysaccharide and chrysanthemum extract adopt known extraction methods, and are obtained from Chrysanthemum indicum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.), Kitano Chrysanthemum (C.boreale Mak.) or rock chrysanthemum (C.lavandulaefolium (Fisch.) Mak.) and other whole plants, including rhizomes and flowers, are obtained by adding known carriers and auxiliary agents to form powder, wettable powder, Soluble powder, granule, water dispersible granule, microcapsule, tablet. The trace element fertilizer is a fertilizer that can provide plant trace elements. This example introduces two commonly used water preparation ratios, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto: take the polysaccharides of wild chrysanthemum and the water extract of stems and leaves of wild chrysanthemum, add an appropriate amount of water, then add the required trace elements, add Additives can be completely dissolved to prepare this foliar fertilizer combination.

Claims (5)

1. The application of the foliar fertilizer composition containing chrysanthemum polysaccharide in increasing crop production and disease prevention and control, characterized in that: the main active components of the foliage fertilizer are trace elements, chrysanthemum polysaccharide and chrysanthemum extract, and the remaining components are solvents , auxiliaries or carriers; In the foliage fertilizer composition, the content of the polysaccharide of wild chrysanthemum is 1%-10% of the total weight of the composition, the extract of wild chrysanthemum is 0%-50% of the total weight of the composition, and the content of the elemental foliage fertilizer is the total weight of the composition 5%-50% of; The foliar fertilizer composition is diluted 10-2000 times, sprayed at the seedling stage of the crops until the leaves are completely wetted, sprayed at intervals of several days, and sprayed continuously for 3-10 times. 2. the application of the foliar fertilizer composition of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 in crop production increase and disease control, it is characterized in that, the composition trace element fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, At least one of boron, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum has a mass ratio of 0.002%-25% in the foliage fertilizer composition. 3. The application of the foliar fertilizer composition of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 in crop production increase and disease control, is characterized in that the formulation of the composition is selected from the group consisting of wettable powder, soluble powder, effervescent Tablets, granules, microcapsules, suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions in water. 4. the application of the foliar fertilizer composition of chrysanthemum polysaccharides as claimed in claim 1 in crop yield increase and disease control, is characterized in that, described chrysanthemum polysaccharides is from Chrysanthemum indicum (Chrysanthemum indicum) including Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) indicum L.), wild chrysanthemum (C.boreale Mak.) or rock chrysanthemum (C.lavandulaefolium (Fisch.) Mak.) and other whole plants, including rhizomes and flowers, are extracted from rhamnose, arabinose, wood Copolymer composed of sugar, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructopolysaccharides. 5. the application of the foliar fertilizer composition of wild chrysanthemum polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 in crop yield increase and disease control, it is characterized in that, described wild chrysanthemum extract is from Compositae Chrysanthemum indicum (Chrysanthemum indicum) including wild chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum L.), C. boreale Mak. or C. lavandulaefolium (Fisch.) Mak. and other whole plants including rhizomes and flowers are extracted by known methods.