CN104370623B

CN104370623B - A kind of potato special fertilizer and its manufacture, application method

Info

Publication number: CN104370623B
Application number: CN201410422432.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王志葵; 聂江峰; 张成海; 宋正修; 姚海燕; 王立云; 周卫东
Original assignee: QINGDAO YAXING FERTILIZER Co Ltd
Current assignee: QINGDAO YAXING FERTILIZER Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-07-30
Filing date: 2014-08-20
Publication date: 2018-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2034-08-20
Also published as: CN104370623A

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of potato special fertilizer, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate is according to 50 75 parts of the base manure obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis is according to micro- fertile 24 parts obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures, chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, 35 parts of pulvis prepared by the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, 10 15 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of modified starch, 24 parts of alginate, 35 parts of lignin, 68 parts of potassium fulvate, 58 parts of coating material, coating material is coated for sulphur, resin be coated or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.Present invention proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect length, sustained release release, nutrition is comprehensive, and potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce.

Description

A kind of potato special fertilizer and its manufacture, application method

Technical field：

The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, more particularly to a kind of potato special fertilizer and its manufacture, application method.

Background technology：

Potato, also known as potato, belong to high starch tuber crops, seedling separation phase breeding time, tuber character and rise period, starch product The tired phase.Potato is in whole breeding time, and absorption potash fertilizer is most, and nitrogenous fertilizer takes second place, and phosphate fertilizer is minimum.Need of the different growing to nutrient There is the characteristics of different.In seedling stage, because stem tuber contains abundant nutriment therefore need nutrient less, constitute about the time of infertility 1/4.Tuber character and rise period, the growth of overground part cauline leaf are expanded while carried out with stem tuber, and need are fertile more, account for total fertilizer requirement 1/2.The starch accumulation phase, it is necessary to nutrient is less, accounts for the 1/4 of the time of infertility.It can be seen that tuber character and the nutrient of rise period supply Should be sufficient, the yield and content of starch for improving potato are played an important role.

Ingredient in general fresh potato：Starch 9~20%, protein 1.5~2.3%, fat 0.1~1.1%, Crude fibre 0.6~0.8%.Contained nutritional ingredient in 100g potatos：66~113J of heat, 11~60mg of calcium, phosphorus 15~ 68mg, iron 0.4mg~4.8mg, 0.03~0.07mg of thiamine, 0.03~0.11mg of riboflavin, 0.4~1.1mg of niacin.Horse Bell potato contains some poisonous alkaloids, mainly solanine and chactomium globosum alkali, but the general high-temperature cooking for passing through 170 DEG C, poisonous Material will decompose.Potato (solanine) containing solanine, intoxicating composition are solanine (C45H73O15N), also known as potato poison Element, prematurity, the potato of livid purple skin or budded potato glucoside containing black nightshade increase to 25~60mg, even as high as 430mg, so greatly The edible prematurity of amount or budded potato can cause acute poisoning.Wild potato toxicity is higher, and solanism can cause head Bitterly, suffer from diarrhoea, twitch, stupor, result even in death.But the potato toxicity of Common Cultivation is very low, few poisoning with potato Event occurs.Cultivation potato is typically less than 0.2 milligrams per gram containing alkaloid, and generally more than 200 milligrams can just cause poisoning existing As equivalent to once eating up 1.4 kilograms of raw potatos.

The fertilizer practice of potato should be followed based on farm manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, based on base manure, the principle of appropriate top dressing. Potato is tuber crops, likes loose sand loam soil, it is desirable to which weather is felt nice and cool.Base manure dosage typically constitutes from the 2/3 of total dose More than, base manure is increased a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, particularly phosphorus potassium fertilizer and is made base manure, such energy based on fully decomposed farm manure Improve the physical property of soil, be advantageous to grow and tie potato.Nitrogen fertilizer amount accounts for 50% in base manure, the application process of base manure be Ditch spread or spreaded manuer in holes before plantation, deep 15 cms.Specific dose is the plot of 1500 kilograms or so of per mu yield, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500-2500 kilograms, 20 kilograms of urea, 20-30 kilograms of general calcium, 10-12 kilograms of potash fertilizer, or the composite fertilizer 40- of high nitrogen and potassium type 60 kilograms, prolific area dose can suitably increase.Chemical fertilizer will be imposed on from potato seed 2-3 centimeters, avoid directly contacting with potato seed, Earthing after fertilising.Top dressing will combine potato raw long-term progress Rational Application.Seedling Stage wants Nitrogen Top Dressing, can combine intertillage training Every mu of soil is poured water with 5-8 kilograms of urea to be applied, and is advantageous to keep a full stand of seedings.Potato Post flowering, typically without rhizosphere top dressing, it is particularly It is unable to Nitrogen Top Dressing, potato Post flowering, mainly with foliage-spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every mu of foliage-spray 0.3-0.5% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 50 kilograms of hydrogen potassium solution, if nitrogen stress, 100-150 grams of urea can be increased, spray once, was even sprayed 2-3 times per 10-15 days.Potato pair Boron, zinc are more sensitive, if soil lacking boron or zinc-deficiency, can use 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate root outer spraying, general every Every spray in 7 days once, even twice, every mu with 50-70 kilograms of solution for spray.Potato is happiness potassium crop, will in balance fertilizing Especially pay attention to the administration of potash fertilizer.Meanwhile excessive chloride fertilizer should not be applied, and such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be selected, otherwise can shadow Ring Potato Quality.

Potato growth adaptability is stronger, can plant throughout the country, and general breeding time is 90-110 days, is often produced 1000 kilograms of potatos, need 3.5-5.5 kilograms of absorbed nitrogen, 2.0-2.2 kilograms of phosphorus (P2O5), 10.6-12.0 kilograms of potassium (K2O), N : P2O5: K2O 4.5: 2.1: 11.3, or 1: 0.5: 2.If 1500 kilograms of potatos of per mu yield, need absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium average out to 7th, 3,17 kilograms.Nitrogen can promote stem, leaf growth and tuber starch, the accumulation of protein.Phosphorus element promotes plant fertility healthy and strong, carries High stem tuber quality and storage property, increase content of starch and yield.Potassium promotes the tuber starch accumulation in potato growth later stage, increases Enter that plant is disease-resistant and tolerance to cold.In addition, potato is more sensitive to boron, zinc, boron is advantageous to potato wedge and expanded, and prevents from being cracked, right Improving plant net accumulation ratio has special role.

In view of specific demand of the potato to fertilizer, especially special to the demand of base manure, element is with, common chemical fertilizer and has Machine fertilizer can not be directly applied for potato, therefore, some dedicated fertilizers for being directed to potato crop, such as China occur specially Profit application 2009101621450 discloses a kind of potato chemical fertilizer specially and preparation method thereof, the raw material and weight hundred of special fertilizer Ratio is divided to include：Nitrogen 10-11 parts, phosphorus element 6-7 parts, potassium 7-8 parts and micro- fertile 1-2 parts；The preparation method includes：According to the above Described raw material and proportioning, each raw material is mixed by proportioning, crushed, using comminution granulation again, the potato special fertilizer is made. For another example Chinese patent application 2009102382137 discloses a kind of compound fertilizer specially used for potato and preparation method thereof, including organic The saturated aqueous solution of sour zinc salt saturated aqueous solution and organic acid calcium salt, the saturated aqueous solution of molysite, the saturation water of boron-containing compound Solution and surfactant.For another example Chinese patent application 2010100391721 disclose a kind of special compound fertilizer for potato and its Preparation method, including 15-21% urea, 19-25% phosphoric acid diamines, the 15-21% magnesium-phosphorus fertilizers, 15-21% calcium superphosphate, 21- 27 potassium chloride；For another example a kind of special nutritional fertilizer for potatoes disclosed in Chinese patent application 2011104159865, urea 22-24 parts； MAP 15-17 parts；Potassium chloride 18-20 parts；Zinc sulfate 4-6 parts；Ammonium molybdate 4-6 parts；Boratex 2-3 parts；Bio-feritlizer 2-3 The ratio of part mixes.Bio-feritlizer includes human and animal excreta, and the nitrogen specifically included, phosphorus, potassium and live body fertilizer ratio are respectively：25 ∶17∶14∶5.For another example Chinese patent application 2013101699521 discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof, be by Straw decomposing thing, urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, ten Boratexes, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate and sodium metasilicate, nickel nitrate And repellant mixing granulation forms.For another example Chinese patent application, 201310383459X disclose a kind of Special fertilizer for potato and Its preparation method, urea 12-14, calcium superphosphate 45-49, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 32-35, potassium sulfate 16-19, borax 3-4, sodium molybdate 4- 5th, manganese sulfate 2-3, zinc sulfate 2-3, soil conditioner 6-9, dolomite dust 12-15, weathered coal 21-24, turf 12-15, nanometer Carbon 1-2, bean dregs 32-35, eucalyptus oil 1-2；Particle is made in the trace element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and molybdenum, manganese, zinc by the present invention, and is had Slow release effect.For another example Chinese patent application 2013104986212 is disclosed with a kind of special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes.The fertilizer Material includes following active principle：Agent is lost in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), urase-nitrification inhibitor and control.Wherein, each component Mass parts it is as follows：Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 parts, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15-30 parts, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 parts and control Lose agent 4-6 parts.Urase/nitrification slow release chemical fertilizer technology is lost chemical fertilizer technology with control and organically combined by the fertilizer, plays synergy.Should Technology can make fertilizer slow release, and and can reduces the loss for discharging nutrient, and there is sustained release and control to lose double effects.In addition, control is lost Material micro-nano network can also control the migration and loss of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, can not only strengthen slow release effect, And their pollution of the loss to environment can be alleviated.The present invention is on the basis of existing technology, it is desirable to provide one kind proportioning letter Single, easy to use, curative effect length, sustained release release, nutrition is comprehensive, and a kind of horse that potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce Bell potato special fertilizer and its manufacture, application method.

The content of the invention：

It is an object of the invention to overcome shortcoming present in prior art, there is provided and one kind proportioning is simple, easy to use, Curative effect is grown, and sustained release release, nutrition is comprehensive, and can make a kind of potato special fertilizer that potato alkaloid effectively reduces and It is manufactured, application method.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of potato special fertilizer, according to parts by weight unit, including urine Element, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate according to the base manure 50-75 parts obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures, in, further comprise, borax, sulfuric acid According to the micro- fertile 2-4 parts obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures, chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, rhizome of cyrtomium carry for zinc, Morinda officinalis The pulvis 3-5 parts for taking thing to prepare, plant ash 10-15 parts, modified starch 3-5 parts, alginate 2-4 parts, lignin 3-5 parts are yellow rotten Sour potassium 6-8 parts, coating material 5-8 parts, coating material are any one in sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating Kind.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate after 7: 5: 18 mixtures according to obtaining Base manure 50-75 parts, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are micro- according to being obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures Fertile 2-3 parts, pulvis 3-4 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 10-13 parts, Modified starch 3-4 parts, alginate 2-3 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-7 parts, coating material 5-7 parts, coating material are Sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate after 7: 5: 18 mixtures according to obtaining Base manure 50-75 parts, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are micro- according to being obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures Fertile 3-4 parts, pulvis 4-5 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 12-15 parts, Modified starch 4-5 parts, alginate 3-4 parts, lignin 4-5 parts, potassium fulvate 7-8 parts, coating material 6-8 parts, coating material are Sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.

The Morinda officinalis is by processing, and processing program is：Take the crude drug of Morinda officinalis to be placed on operating desk and remove impurity elimination Matter, core and non-medicinal effects, it is placed in the container of cleaning, is processed：

The first step, liquorice liquid processed, processed with stainless steel steam-jacked kettle, check there is foreign in pot, add drinking water in pot, Extracting liquorice, which is put into water, to be decocted secondary, and radix glycyrrhizae is the quality 1/2 of water, decocts 2 hours for the first time, and second decocts 1 hour, twice Decocting liquid merges, and is put into stand-by in the container of cleaning；

The mass ratio of second step, liquorice liquid and Morinda officinalis is 5: 100, weighs liquorice liquid and Morinda officinalis bulk drug in proportion Put respectively in pot, with boiling, constantly stir, boil to decocting liquid and be sucked, take out, be placed in the container of cleaning, not removing core, person takes advantage of Heat pumps core, is placed in the container of cleaning and dries；

3rd step, when drying to moisture is 10-13%, it is 120 mesh sizes to be crushed with pulverizer, is produced.

Pulvis prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, it is specially：

Chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, rhizome of cyrtomium weigh bulk drug according to the ratio of mass ratio 5: 2: 4: 3: 4, add Enter after being soaked in water in container, extracted 3 times using organic solvent extraction, No. 3 extract solutions merge carries out boiling afterwards together, decocts To thick rear addition starch, pulvis is produced after ultraviolet irradiation sterilizes after drying.

Purpose to better implement the present invention, the present invention disclose a kind of preparation method of potato special fertilizer again, wherein, Operate in accordance with the following steps：

A, auxiliary film-forming agents are prepared：It must be mixed after potassium fulvate, lignin and modified starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2 Compound, after this mixture is diluted with water into mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents；

B, using borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis according to obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures it is micro- fertilizer be granulated turn into fertiliser granulates as Fertile core, the auxiliary film-forming agents outside fertile core obtained by sprinkling step A, then by fertile core in chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, Rolled across on pulvis prepared by the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, 3-5 is treated in the auxiliary film-forming agents obtained by the sprinkling step A of surface again after rolling across It is standby after minute drying and forming-film；

After step B gains side to be sprayed to auxiliary film-forming agents again, make auxiliary film-forming agents as bonding agent, a spray C, A viscous rolling base manure is spilt, is operated 4-5 times repeatedly, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core stops when being 2-3 times of fertile core radius, outside base manure Portion's sprinkling coating material is prepared into basic granules；

D, plant ash is crossed after 80-100 mesh sieves be sufficiently mixed with alginate it is rear standby；

E, by step C basic granules outside sprinkling step A institutes auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents work For bonding agent, mixture obtained by time viscous rolling step D of a sprinkling, operate 2-3 times repeatedly, make the thickness of mixture obtained by step D Spend for 1-2 times of fertile core radius when stop, form potato special fertilizer in the outside sprinkling coating material of mixture obtained by step D.

A diameter of 5mm-30mm of the particle of the potato special fertilizer.

Purpose to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of application method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, Operate as follows：With kind fertilising during sowing, the preferred potato special fertilizer of 30mm sizes, apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising Far.

Advantages of the present invention is：Proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect length, sustained release release, nutrition is comprehensive, and can make horse Bell potato alkaloid effectively reduces.Specially：

The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer rather than slow-release fertilizer, and Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer using polymer coating, and the micropore on film is usual Only hundreds of nanometers, the water of liquid can only can not be entered in film, so except water molecule energy by film in the form of hydrone at all Free in and out in film, completely and external environment, and nutrient is excluded outside film fertiliser granulates by the osmotic pressure of film.So nutrient It is only relevant with the movement velocity of hydrone and the hole of membrane micropore to discharge speed, (micropore is after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil Setting), it is only relevant with moisture movement speed, and the movement velocity of hydrone depends on temperature.The microorganism of soil, pH value etc. The no any influence of release of Controlled Release Fertilizer.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, early stage causes nutrient excess, plant soon due to release It can not fully absorb in a short time, cause substantial amounts of nutrient to be accumulated in soil, readily volatilized, rainy leaching loss；Permeate the ground；Or Soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% or so, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually early stage The nutrient saving do not used take the later stage and be supplied to plant, while reduce the decomposition and soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism, phase When in bit by bit ceaselessly being engrossed to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the invention uses, and highest fertilizer efficiency utilization rate can reach More than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually all to depend on temperature, day temperature in the nutrient of release, release speed in a kind of 24 hours Height release is fast, and the low release of evening temperature is slow, and plant be also when day temperature is high photosynthesis it is strong.

The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention are the release profiles of " S ", and this is ideal curve, usual this fertilizer Early stage, release was very slow, and later stage release is accelerated, and realized that S releases have two ways, a kind of material coating is very thick, and coating material is in itself Performance is not strong, later stage coating expansion or spreading, micropore or hole increase.S type curves are the favorite nutrients releases of plant growth Curve, it is few to nutrient demand during plant seedling stage early stage, with the quickening of growth, the demand of nutrient is accelerated therewith, therefore, S types Release profiles be ideal curve.

The present invention improve utilization rate of fertilizer one times is had a surplus, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 30%-50%.Fertilizer application frequency is reduced simultaneously, saves labour.Only need with kind fertilising once, current market sales of one Secondary property fertilizer is substantially quick-acting high nitrogen type composite fertilizers, seedling stage prosperous length be present or the later stage takes off the risk of fertilizer.And the fertilizer invented is in horse The release mode of the bell potato season of growth (knot potato), make fertilizer nutrient release rule consistent with crop nutrition content absorption, disposably apply The demand of the whole Growing season of grossness foot potato.In addition, the application with micro- fertile (boron and Zn-ef ficiency), worked in the knot potato phase, Meanwhile botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium) is from the potato phase is tied Effect, potato supplement trace nutrition while Pesticidal and sterilizing to the knot potato phase, the effect of increasing income is notable, more conventional fertilizer volume increase 30-52%, in addition by analysis data, find the more conventional reduction 30-45% of alkaloid of potato.

Embodiment：

The potato special fertilizer of the application, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate are according to 7: 5 : the base manure 50-75 parts obtained after 18 mixtures, in, further comprise, after borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are according to 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures Obtained micro- fertile 2-4 parts, pulvis 3-5 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 10-15 parts, modified starch 3-5 parts, alginate 2-4 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-8 parts, coating material 5-8 parts, bag Clothing material is any one in sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating.

A diameter of 5mm-30mm of the particle of the potato special fertilizer.

Note：Coating material and coating method be prior art, without innovation on this aspect, it is crucial innovate be by each group effectively into Divide and be coated respectively, accomplish controlled release；

Example 1

According to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate are according to the base manure obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures 50-75 parts, in, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are according to the micro- fertile 2-4 parts obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures, native chaste tree Pulvis 3-5 parts prepared by mustard, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 10-15 parts, modified starch 3-5 Part, alginate 2-4 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-8 parts, coating material 5-8 parts, coating material is sulphur coating, resin Coating or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.

Preparation method, wherein, operate in accordance with the following steps：

A diameter of 30mm of the particle of potato special fertilizer.

Purpose to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of application method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, Operate as follows：It is remote apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising by the potato special fertilizer of 30mm sizes with kind fertilising during sowing, Seed distribution triangular in shape is surrounded using 3 fertilizer.

Above-mentioned example applies kind of a Jiangzhou plot, 100 mu, 3260 kilograms of per mu yield.(it is averaged using this plot of common fertilizer 2240 kilograms of per mu yield).

Example 2

According to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate are according to the base manure obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures 50-75 parts, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are according to the micro- fertile 2- obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures 3 parts, pulvis 3-4 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 10-13 parts, it is modified Starch 3-4 parts, alginate 2-3 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-7 parts, coating material 5-7 parts, coating material are sulphur bag Clothing, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.

Preparation method, wherein, operate in accordance with the following steps：

A diameter of 30mm of the particle of potato special fertilizer.

Purpose to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of application method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, Operate as follows：It is remote apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising by the potato special fertilizer of 30mm sizes with kind fertilising during sowing, It is distributed using 4 fertilizer around seed in quadrangle.

Above-mentioned example applies kind of a Jimo plot, 100 mu, 3670 kilograms of per mu yield.(it is averaged using this plot of common fertilizer 2450 kilograms of per mu yield).

Example 3

According to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate are according to the base manure obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures 50-75 parts, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are according to the micro- fertile 3- obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures 4 parts, pulvis 4-5 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, plant ash 12-15 parts, it is modified Starch 4-5 parts, alginate 3-4 parts, lignin 4-5 parts, potassium fulvate 7-8 parts, coating material 6-8 parts, coating material are sulphur bag Clothing, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating in any one.

A diameter of 30mm of the particle of potato special fertilizer.

Above-mentioned example applies kind of Qingzhou plot, 100 mu, 3420 kilograms of per mu yield.(it is averaged using this plot of common fertilizer 2360 kilograms of per mu yield).

Data compare：The disease-resistant sterilization effect of pulvis prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium The test of fruit.(using star as suppression grade)

With for mycotic experiment

3 parts of each 50g of pulvis are taken, are respectively charged into 500ml small beakers, add the organic solvent methanol of 5 times of weight of pulvis.Chlorine Imitative, petroleum ether.Soak 3 days at room temperature, filtering and concentrating to paste, weigh a certain amount of extract and add Tween 80 to make emulsifying agent, 4 is Celsius Degree preserves.

Using growth rate method, the vigorous strain of 6mm colony edges is taken with card punch, is placed on the PDA plate of dosing and trains Support, compareed with the sterilized water of culture medium plus equivalent, be repeated 3 times every time, be placed in 25 degrees Celsius of cultures, surveyed with crossing method every Individual colony diameter, the diameter of bacterium colony is represented with average value, obtain the growth rate=(control colony diameter-place for suppressing fungi/bacterium Manage colony diameter)/(control colony diameter -0.6) × 100%.(fungal culture)

The extract of 3 kinds of organic solvents is made to the PEA culture mediums of final concentration of 1mg/ml extract solution, takes and is pre-configured with Good spore suspension 10ul, a diameter of 9cm culture dish center is inoculated into, leads to spreader and smear uniformly, in 25 degrees Celsius of trainings Support and cultivate 48 hours in case, observe spore germination quantity, often processing sets 5 repetitions, averages, calculate the germination rate of spore with Inhibiting rate.

Spore germination rate %=has sprouted spore count/microscopy spore sum × 100%

Inhibiting rate %=(control germination rate-processing germination rate)/control germination rate × 100%

For the experiment of fungi, colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), such as following table

Extract is diluted into 5 concentration, and (4mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml, test is not Growth inhibition effect with concentration extract to pathogen mycelia, it is found that 2mg/ml extract is preferable to Mycophyta inhibiting rate.

The inhibiting rate experiment of directed toward bacteria：Colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), such as following table

For the killing test of insect：300 nematodes and 300 cutworms are selected, carry out killing experiment, every 100 are One group, sprayed respectively with 4mg/ml extract solution, observation is as follows：

The controlled release principle of the application：After fertiliser granulates fertilising, water spray pouring is carried out, after the water suction of outside coating material, water Divide first by plant ash and alginate absorption, volumetric expansion after alginate water suction, be expanded to 0.5-0.8 times of own vol, In this way, by coating material spreading, the hole in coating material expands, and finally, outermost coating material rises brokenly, and plant ash dissipates Go out, plant ash is rushed down around potato tubers seed.Insulation effect is played, the sterilization of early stage is pest-resistant, the effect of hestening rooting； This process about 4-10 days.

Then, the coating material of basic granules continues to absorb water, and the duct in coating material gradually expands, base manure sustained release, bag Clothing material gradually rises with the temperature in growth period, gradually expands burst size, the base manure of film-forming agents wrapped multiple, extends The effect of sustained release.Whole base manure maintains 70-80 days.

Finally, after putting the knot potato phase, pulvis prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium discharges, Micro- fertilizer release, avoids stem tuber insect pest, bacterium, fungal infection, there is provided trace element gives stem tuber, and increase is expanded, avoided in the knot potato phase Cracking, improve yield.

Tie in the potato phase, the composition containing amino acid or lysine does not have substantially, and the generation of alkaloid is started with amino acid , cause after tying potato, its interior alkaloid is greatly reduced.

The function of the plant ash of the application：1st, promote germination, soil temperature can be improved, loose aeration status is kept, promote Advance germination of seeds, and the seedling grown is neat, healthy and strong, and planting percent is high.2. hestening rooting.In plant transplantation, plant ash is used Coordinate fertilizer to make base fertilizer, or when preparing Nutrition Soil incorporation 5%-20% plant ash, can not only increase base fertilizer and Nutrition Soil Available nutrient, promote root growth, also mitigate the effect of pest and disease damage.3. prevent from falling leaves.Plant ash makees supplement nutriment, can improve Blade vitality, early leaf fall is prevented, strengthen photosynthesis, promote flower, fruit attractive in appearance gorgeous.4. improving quality, plant ash, which removes, to be contained Outside the macronutrients such as potassium, calcium, also containing various trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and there is quick-acting, be a kind of high-quality potash fertilizer. SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING can promote branches and leaves dark green, strengthen photosynthesis, reduce flowers and fruits in foliage-spray 50%-80% plant ash leachates Come off, promote flower, fruit coloring gorgeous, extend viewing period, improve fruit quality.5. suppress pest and disease damage.Spread fertilizer over the fields vegetation in every mu of nursery Grey 30-50 kilograms, underground disease pest and germ can be killed, protection seed, root, stem, pest and disease damage is reduced, prevents damping-off, anthracnose Generation.Plant ash is applied in orchard, be can control the generation of powdery mildew, fruit rust, is applied 2.5-5 kilograms of plant ash for every plant and also prevent Control the effect of root rot.2%-3% plant ash leachates are sprayed, the insects such as flower, the aphid on fruit, red spider can be prevented and treated, are improved The anti-effect of medicine of pear sucker.6. improve drought resistance.The nonirrigated farmland not good enough to irrigation conditions, continuously spray 2-3 5%-6% plant ash Leachate, drought resistance can be improved.Because containing substantial amounts of potassium ion in plant ash, it can effectively weaken the intensity of leaf transpiration water, Strengthen drought resisting, high-temperature resistance, may additionally facilitate the operating of carbohydrate, improve disease-resistant, the insect resistance capacity of tree body.It should be noted , plant ash can not with organic farm manure (night soil, barnyard manure, heap are made compost), administration is mixed with ammonium fertilizer, in order to avoid cause Nitrogen volatilization loss；Plant ash is applied to various crops, be particularly suitable for use in happiness potassium or happiness potassium fear-chlorion crop, as potato, sweet potato, Tobacco, grape, sunflower, beet etc..Plant ash is used for potato, can be used not only for soil application, moreover it can be used to is stained with painting potato wedge Wound, it so, can both work as seed manure, can prevent wound infection from rotting again.

After potato seed stripping and slicing be infected with plant ash be used as experimental group, directly plantation potato seed as a control group, than To disease infection situation：(each 1000 plants of plantation, be compared)

Group	Rotten kind	Spindle tuber	Yield	Subterranean pest-insect incidence
					Experimental group	35	18	3100 kilograms	9.8%
Control group	178	205	2400 kilograms	18.2%

The effect of the auxiliary film-forming agents of the present invention：

Potassium fulvate：Science combines new food chain, overall balance plant demand.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium is not pure molecularization Compound, but the mixture that the macromolecular structure and composition of a kind of inhomogenous plyability are extremely complex.This product is except high content Fulvic acid outside, it is also (low rich in the almost all amino acid needed for growing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a variety of enzymes, carbohydrate Glycan, fructose etc.) protein, nucleic acid, humic acid and the nutrition such as VC, VE and substantial amounts of B family vitamin are a kind of greens Bio-bacterial manure.The unknown growth promoting factor with high bioactivity function.By it was verified that biochemical fulvic acid potassium kernel contains There is the unknown growth promoting factor with high bioactivity not yet verified.Say that biochemical fulvic acid potassium is free of steroids thing on stricti jurise Matter, but the auxin with chemical synthesis is showed during use, the various plants hormone such as cell classification element, abscisic acid Similar acts on and plays comprehensive adjustment effect to growing for plant.Therefore many producers done foliar fertilizer, rush fertilising Using this product substitution or part substitution gibberellin, the multiple synthetic hormone such as sodium nitrate, multiple-effect short.Complexing power is strong, and it is micro- to improve plant The absorption and operating of secondary element.Trace element improves to plant growth and the dissolubility of internal a variety of enzymes, and degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases Yield and quality all have a major impact.But trace element in plant travelling performance it is very poor, recycle ability it is extremely low easily by Soil solidification and lose activity.Chemical action easily particularly occurs with the available phosphorus in soil and causes loss of activity each other, Cause to end in defeat for both sidesboth suffer losses.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium has oxygen-containing again because total amino acid and carboxyl, hydroxyl isoreactivity group content are higher Functional group, many organic chelating positions and complexing position in structure be present.These coordinating groups can with such as calcium of indissoluble, magnesium, sulphur, Iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc, boron etc. it is many trace element occur complexing or chelating reaction, while also can rise his site on same phosphorus element Generation complex reaction, so as to be formed using biochemical fulvic acid molecule as intermediary's carrier, while coordinate, promote root system of plant or blade face pair Absorption, the operating of trace element and phosphorus in vivo, not only avoid trace element causes to be passivated each other with the direct contact of phosphorus Inactivation, and positive balanced action is served, so as to improve both utilization rates.Deflocculation, tool buffering, solubility property is good, It is strong with metal ion interaction ability.This product flocculation limit value ＞ 32meq/g, its deflocculation ability apparently higher than humic acid and Like product, (stability is good, without antioxidant stabilizer).PH1-14 any acid-base property water is dissolved in, is satisfied in high contents of calcium and magnesium hard water Do not precipitated with being flocculated in salt solution, and stability is good, potential resistance to electrolyte contamination ability is strong.This product relies on the buffering that contained various groups are formed It is right, can effective antiacid alkali.And pH value, without significant change, buffer capacity is big, meanwhile, this product water soluble characteristic is good, with metal ion Exchange, complexing power is strong.These characteristic properties constitute this product and applied in agricultural, and the advantage in medicine fertilizer production, is medicine fertilizer phase Hold, medicine fertilizer compounding, expenses for medicine are used in mixed way the condition of creating；Also it is the cross development of medicine fertilizer industry, changes in the past to control, be The single way supported and supported has walked out one and has controlled foster unification, integrates the medicine fertilizer industrial development new approaches for controlling foster function.This product Prevention effect is improved mainly as pesticide synergistic agent, i.e., by the growing way and resistance against diseases that strengthen plant itself and to plant The change of cell membrane penetration effect and to the sustained release of agricultural chemicals and Synergistic etc. by way of showing the preventing and treating work(to plant pest Can, agricultural chemicals can not be substituted, so this product is typically and carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, gram black star, Tuzet, auspicious malicious copper, is killed The medicine compounding use such as malicious alum, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, sweetener, to effect a radical cure wheat scab, fruit tree yellowtop, canker of apple fruit, wheel line Disease, mottle defoliation, cucumber downy mildew, sweet potato black rot, leaf spot of peanut, cotton spoting verticillium wilt etc., this product prevents phytopathy Harmful mechanism has three：First, enhance plant strain internal oxidition enzymatic activity and other metabolic activities.Second, promote plant root growth It is movable with root system is improved, be advantageous to the absorption of plant pair moisture and nutrient, and chlorophyll content is improved, enhancing is photosynthetic Effect, to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant.Third, being used with agriculture chemical compounding, pathogen spore germination and bacterium colony extension can be played Inhibitory action, be advantageous to sustained release, the synergy of agricultural chemicals.Notable function with cold-resistant drought resisting.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium drought resisting cold-resistant machine Manage and be：First, stimulating the activity of enzyme in plant, by its regulation, the cell being catalyzed in plant accelerates to moisture and nutrient Absorb, and reduce leaf water potential, the metabolic activity such as enhancing osmotic pressure, to stimulate plant to adapt to the cold existence ring of drought in triumph Border.Second, suppressing the accumulation of K in guard cell, plant, which is met when drought is trembled with fear, can voluntarily improve water holding capacity, close Stoma of Leaves or subtract Small opening degree, reduce moisture transpiration.Lot of experimental data proves：Biochemical fulvic acid potassium can dramatically increase Stoma of Leaves diffusional resistance 1.5 times, while leaf transpiration intensity is reduced more than one times.After spraying, drought resisting cold resistant effect can maintain 20 days or so.Second, improve soil Earth water content, enhancing root system activity.Spray rear leaf transpiration to reduce, soil moisture content significantly improves, and different soil depth contains Water can increase by 7%~35%, and soil moisture consumes after spraying in 10~20 days, reduce by 8%.Well developed root system simultaneously, newly Taking root increases a quarter, and root activity improves 30%, is advantageous to the absorption of plant pair moisture content and nutrient, and then improve and make Produce amount, improve crop quality.Small molecular weight is the most basic physicochemical property of biochemical fulvic acid potassium.This product mean molecule quantity is 300, high bioactivity to this great permeability of road barrier of plant cell membrane, by its absorption, conduction, transhipment, build bridge, sustained release, The multiple functions such as activation, plant cell is set to be absorbed to more moisture content that can not be obtained originally, nutrient, while by photosynthesis Accumulated, the nutriment such as the carbohydrate of synthesis, protein, sugared part conveys to fruit position, with improving quality, improves production Amount.

This auxiliary coalescents are the theme with potassium fulvate, strengthen cross-linking effect using lignin, lignin increases as crosslinking agent Add film forming and water-retaining property, increase film-formation result using modified starch.3-5 minute film forming after auxiliary coalescents spray, thickness 0.5mm or so, stretch-proof, it is degraded into fertilizer within about 15-20 days.

After film-forming agents are sprayed on base manure, 5cm or so is buried in the earth, 7-10d waters once, observes the decomposition feelings of film Condition

Micro- fertile part of the application：

Morinda officinalis is mainly used in providing various trace elements, and Morinda officinalis contains 23 kinds of trace elements such as copper and iron MnZn.This Shen Morinda officinalis and liquorice liquid are please prepared into extract, measure Zn content is 385ug/g, and this mixed micro- fertilizer is rich in boron, zinc etc. Specific demand during element, effectively solution potato growth to boron, zinc.

1 materials and methods

1.1 instrument AA7001 types atomic absorption spectrophotometers and microprocessor (Beijing thing electronic technology research institute)； WHG-102A2 types generator for mobile injection of hydride and electrothermal quartz tube (institute is made when Beijing is vast)；The hollow the moon of copper, iron, zinc, selenium Pole lamp；Assay balance；Electric hot plate.

1.2 reagent C u Standard Applying Solutions (100 μ g/mL), Fe Standard Applying Solutions (100 μ g/mL), Zn Standard Applying Solutions (100 μ g/mL), Se Standard Applying Solutions (250ng/mL)；10% hydrochloric acid；3% hydrochloric acid；3% nitric acid；Mixed acid (nitric acid: perchloric acid =4: 1)；0.5% potassium borohydride；All reagents are top pure grade, purchased from Jinzhong City development zone Zhong Zi Chemical Engineering Technologies Co., Ltd, water For deionized water.

1.3 measure things：Morinda officinalis.

1.4 method

1.4.1 sample treatment by clean it is dry after sample be placed in porcelain mortar be ground into fine powder be placed in it is standby in drier； The sample 0.10g by pre-treatment is accurately weighed with assay balance, for copper, iron, Direct spectrophotometry；

0.20g is used for the measure of selenium.Add 3mL mixed acid to be placed in 0.10g sample bottles, put and digested completely, so on electric hot plate It is settled to 10mL with 3% nitric acid again afterwards；Add 5.0mL mixed acid to be placed in 0.20g sample bottles, put and digested completely, so on electric hot plate It is settled to 10mL with 10% hydrochloric acid again afterwards.

1.4.2 the accurate 8 volume ranks for measuring copper, iron, zinc Standard Applying Solution of the preparation of standard liquid, are separately added into 3% nitric acid is diluted to required concentration；6 volume ranks of selenium Standard Applying Solution separately are taken, add 3% hydrochloric acid to required concentration, mark Quasi- liquid series concentration is shown in Table 1.

Each titer series concentration of table 1 (μ g/mL)

1.4.3 assay method is using atomic absorption spectrophotometry measure copper, iron, the content of zinc；Noted using flowing Penetrate the content of hydride generated atomic absorption spectrographic determination selenium.Condition determination is shown in Table 2.

The determination of trace elements condition of table 2

2 results

As a result, 4 kinds of micro- contents in Morinda officinalis (μg/g)

Cu	Fe	Zn	Se
				79.32	96.61	385.20	46.28

Boron is particularly significant in agricultural production as one of nutrient necessary to growth and development of plants.In plant institute In required trace element, the shortage of boron is the most universal, and crop is also very urgent to the demand of boron.Most of crops occur sternly The boron deficiency symptom of weight, such as " the rotten worry " of beet, " colored and unreal " disease of cotton, " flower bud is without flower " disease of rape etc..In addition also There is the slight boron deficiency of nearly 500,000,000 mu of arable soils.Though long-term cropping can less produce obvious boron deficiency symptom, meeting on these arable lands Have a strong impact on the yield and quality of crop.It can be seen that all boron deficiencies of China arable land more than 70%, and the fruit tree in China is all planted in more On barren mountain region, the shortage of boron is even more serious.China's fruit tree boron deficiency is very universal, especially the citrus of south China, banana, The grape of lichee, east China, apple etc..Fruit and vegetable, root tuber (stem) and peanut and other crops boron deficiency exist everywhere.Potato to boron, Zinc is more sensitive, and boron is advantageous to potato wedge and expanded, and prevents from being cracked, and has special role to improving plant net accumulation ratio.

In the knot potato phase, 1000 plants of potatos are respectively selected, to root using micro- fertilizer of the application with using 0.1-0.3%'s Borax, solution of zinc sulfate sprinkling blade face contrast,

Group	Potato wedge maximum weight	Cracking	Yield
				The micro- fertilizer of the application	0.9kg	Nothing	3300kg
After spray borax zinc sulfate is sprayed again within 3 days	0.75kg	Occasionally have	2650kg

Measure (solanine) on alkaloid

As experimental group and the potato conduct obtained by common chemical fertilizer is used using potato obtained by the special fertilizer of the application Control group, compare the measure of two groups of alkaloid：

Each 50g of potato produced using the potato that the application special fertilizer produces with traditional fertilizer is taken, adds 120ml to extract Liquid (tetrahydrofuran: water: acetonitrile: acetic acid is by 50: 25: 20: 1 configuration V/V%), smashs to pieces and centrifuges 5 points in slurry, filter paper filtering, filtrate Clock, supernatant 100ml is taken, add 2ml glacial acetic acids, ultrasonic oscillation 5 minutes, ammoniacal liquor adjusts PH10.5, and boiling water is concentrated to dryness, and cools down Afterwards with a small amount of ammonia scrubbing residue twice, abandoning supernatant after centrifugation, residue water bath method, with 3ml, mass ratio 7% Phosphoric acid dissolves, then centrifuges 5 minutes, and clear liquid uses for measure TGA,

Solanine developed the color within 15-50 minutes, and absorbance is basicly stable at 600nm wavelength, from 600nm as measure ripple Long, at room temperature, solanine reacts 30 minutes with polyformaldehyde phosphoric acid developer, after ultrasonication,

Group	Alkaloid (solanine)
		Experimental group	0.14 milligrams per gram
Control group	0.23 milligrams per gram

From saving in labor cost, traditional fertilizer needs to apply fertilizer at least 3 times, and the special fertilizer of the application only needs companion Kind sowing operation, greatlys save labor cost.Advantages of the present invention is：Proportioning is simple, easy to use, curative effect length, Sustained release release, nutrition is comprehensive, and potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce.Specially：

The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer rather than slow-release fertilizer, and Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer using polymer coating, and the micropore on film is usual Only hundreds of nanometers, the water of liquid can only can not be entered in film, so except water molecule energy by film in the form of hydrone at all Free in and out in film, completely and external environment, and nutrient is excluded outside film fertiliser granulates by the osmotic pressure of film.So nutrient It is only relevant with the movement velocity of hydrone and the hole of membrane micropore to discharge speed, (micropore is after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil Setting), it is only relevant with moisture movement speed, and the movement velocity of hydrone depends on temperature.The microorganism of soil, pH value Deng the no any influence of release of Controlled Release Fertilizer.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, early stage because release causes nutrient excess soon, plants Thing can not fully absorb in a short time, cause substantial amounts of nutrient to be accumulated in soil, readily volatilized, rainy leaching loss；Permeate the ground； Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% or so, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually before The nutrient saving do not used of phase takes the later stage and is supplied to plant, while reduces the decomposition and soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism, Equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly being engrossed to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the invention uses, and highest fertilizer efficiency utilization rate can reach More than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually all to depend on temperature, day temperature in the nutrient of release, release speed in a kind of 24 hours Height release is fast, and the low release of evening temperature is slow, and plant be also when day temperature is high photosynthesis it is strong.

Claims

1. a kind of potato special fertilizer, mixed according to 7: 5: 18 according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate Base manure 50-75 parts obtained after matching somebody with somebody, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are according to 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures The micro- fertile 2-4 parts obtained afterwards, pulvis 3-5 parts prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, vegetation Grey 10-15 parts, modified starch 3-5 parts, alginate 2-4 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-8 parts, coating material 5-8 parts, Coating material is any one in sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating；

The Morinda officinalis is by processing, and processing program is：Take the crude drug of Morinda officinalis to be placed on operating desk and remove impurity, wood The heart and non-medicinal effects, it is placed in the container of cleaning, is processed：

The first step, liquorice liquid processed, processed with stainless steel steam-jacked kettle, check there is foreign in pot, added drinking water in pot, take sweet Grass, which is put into water, to be decocted secondary, and radix glycyrrhizae is the quality 1/2 of water, decocts 2 hours for the first time, and second decocts 1 hour, twice decocting liquid Merge, be put into stand-by in the container of cleaning；

The mass ratio of second step, liquorice liquid and Morinda officinalis is 5: 100, weighs liquorice liquid and Morinda officinalis bulk drug difference in proportion Put in pot, with boiling, constantly stir, boil to decocting liquid and be sucked, take out, be placed in the container of cleaning, not removing core, person takes out while hot Core is removed, is placed in the container of cleaning and dries；

3rd step, when drying to moisture is 10-13%, it is 120 mesh sizes to be crushed with pulverizer, is produced；

Pulvis prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium, it is specially：It is chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, thin The pungent, achene of Siberian cocklebur, rhizome of cyrtomium weigh bulk drug according to the ratio of mass ratio 5: 2: 4: 3: 4, add in container after being soaked in water, using having Solvent restricted-access media 3 times, No. 3 extract solutions merge carries out boiling afterwards together, decocts to thick and adds starch afterwards, after drying Pulvis is produced after ultraviolet irradiation sterilizes；

The release profiles of potato special fertilizer are the release profiles of " S ".

2. potato special fertilizer according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate According to the base manure 50-75 parts obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are pressed According to the micro- fertile 2-3 parts obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures, powder prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium Agent 3-4 parts, plant ash 10-13 parts, modified starch 3-4 parts, alginate 2-3 parts, lignin 3-5 parts, potassium fulvate 6-7 parts, bag Clothing material 5-7 parts, coating material are any one in sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating.

3. potato special fertilizer according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate According to the base manure 50-75 parts obtained after 7: 5: 18 mixtures, it is characterised in that further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are pressed According to the micro- fertile 3-4 parts obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures, powder prepared by chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the extract of rhizome of cyrtomium Agent 4-5 parts, plant ash 12-15 parts, modified starch 4-5 parts, alginate 3-4 parts, lignin 4-5 parts, potassium fulvate 7-8 parts, bag Clothing material 6-8 parts, coating material are any one in sulphur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitorses coating.

4. a kind of preparation method of the potato special fertilizer as described in claim 1-3 is any, it is characterised in that in accordance with the following steps Operation：

A, auxiliary film-forming agents are prepared：It must be mixed after potassium fulvate, lignin and modified starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2 Thing, after this mixture is diluted with water into mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents；

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Morinda officinalis are granulated as fertiliser granulates as fertilizer according to the micro- fertilizer obtained after 1.5: 1: 2 mixtures Core, the auxiliary film-forming agents outside fertile core obtained by sprinkling step A, then by fertile core in chenopodium ambrosiodies, the fruit of Rangoon creeper, asarum, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, pass through Rolled across on pulvis prepared by many extracts, 3-5 points are treated in the auxiliary film-forming agents obtained by the sprinkling step A of surface again after rolling across It is standby after clock drying and forming-film；

After step B gains side to be sprayed to auxiliary film-forming agents again, make auxiliary film-forming agents as bonding agent, a sprinkling one C, All over viscous rolling base manure, operate 4-5 times repeatedly, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core stops when being 2-3 times of fertile core radius, is sprayed outside base manure Spill coating material and be prepared into basic granules；

E, auxiliary film-forming agents will after the auxiliary film-forming agents of sprinkling step A institutes outside basic granules obtained by step C, be made as gluing Agent is connect, mixture obtained by time viscous rolling step D of a sprinkling, is operated 2-3 times repeatedly, the thickness for making mixture obtained by step D is Stop at 1-2 times of fertile core radius, potato special fertilizer is formed in the outside sprinkling coating material of mixture obtained by step D.

5. the preparation method of potato special fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that of the potato special fertilizer A diameter of 5mm-30mm of grain.

6. a kind of application method of potato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that operate as follows：Broadcast Kind when with kind fertilising, the preferred potato special fertilizer of 30mm sizes is remote apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising.