CN106618812B - Femoral head prosthesis is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider and high-precision method for implantation - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses an auxiliary positioning guide for implanting a femoral head prosthesis and a high-precision implantation method. The auxiliary positioning guide for implanting a femoral head prosthesis includes: a bracket main body, including a first fixed leg and a second fixed leg , the third fixed leg and the guide pointer, the first fixed leg, the second fixed leg and the third fixed leg are integrally connected with the bottom of the bracket body respectively, the guide pointer is integrally connected with the side wall of the bracket body, and the upper side wall of the bracket body A rotating shaft and a limiting block are extended from the upper part, and the limiting block is located below the rotating shaft; the part for determining the rotation center of the femoral head is provided with a through hole, which is connected with the rotating shaft through the through hole. The present invention can accurately locate the position of the ball center and the anteversion angle of the femoral head prosthesis, so that the postoperative lower limb length difference of the patient is within 0.5 cm, which is not affected by the doctor's experience and operation, and greatly improves the success rate of the operation.

Description

Femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide and high-precision implantation method

technical field

The invention relates to a medical device and a use method, in particular to a femoral head prosthesis implant auxiliary positioning guide and a high-precision implant method.

Background technique

Hip replacement is currently a routine orthopedic operation, mainly used for femoral head necrosis, osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia in the late stage, and a series of hip joint diseases such as femoral neck fractures. It plays an important role in the normal life of patients. At present, there are many postoperative complications in hip replacement surgery, including infection, prosthesis dislocation, prosthesis impingement, and length unequal lower limbs. Among them, the unequal length of the lower limbs is the main one.

The unequal length of the lower limbs often occurs in the operation of the lateral approach, because the length of the lower limbs cannot be accurately compared in the lateral position. Patients will feel obvious discomfort if the difference in the length of both lower limbs exceeds 1cm. Experienced joint surgeons can control the difference in the length of the lower limbs to 0.5cm-1cm, but it is more difficult for young doctors. The effect of this operation depends entirely on the doctor's level and on-the-spot performance, and the effect of femoral head prosthesis installation is unstable.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is that the installation effect of the femoral head prosthesis depends entirely on the doctor's level and on-the-spot performance, which often leads to improper installation, resulting in inconsistent lengths of the patient's lower limbs and affecting future life. A femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide and high-precision implantation method are proposed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide and a high-precision implantation method. The femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide includes: a bracket body, and The first fixed leg, the second fixed leg, the third fixed leg and the guide pointer, the first fixed leg, the second fixed leg and the third fixed leg are integrally connected with the bottom of the bracket body respectively, and the guide pointer is integrated with the side wall of the bracket body connection, a rotation shaft and a limit block are extended from the side wall of the upper part of the main body of the bracket, and the limit block is located below the rotation shaft; the femoral head rotation center determining part, the femoral head rotation center determining part is provided with a through hole, through The through hole is connected with the rotating shaft, and a protrusion extends from the bottom of the through hole, and the protrusion contacts and connects with the limit block.

The auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation includes: a bracket body, the bracket body includes a first fixed leg, a second fixed leg and a third fixed leg, and the first fixed leg, the second fixed leg and the third fixed leg are respectively connected with The bottom of the bracket main body is integrally connected; the guide pointer is integrally connected with the side wall of the bracket main body; the femoral head rotation center determining part, and one end of the femoral head rotation center determining part is integrally connected with the upper side wall of the bracket main body.

Wherein, patient information is engraved on one side of the main body of the bracket.

Wherein, the end of the femoral head rotation center determination component away from the main body of the bracket is the tip.

Wherein, the guide pointer and the component for determining the rotation center of the femoral head are respectively located on the two side walls of the bracket main body.

Wherein, the guide pointer includes a connecting portion and a guiding portion, one end of the connecting portion is connected to the bracket main body, and the other end is vertically connected to one end of the guiding portion.

The high-precision implantation method of the femoral head prosthesis includes the following steps: step 1, using 3D printing technology to print out the femoral head lesion with a ratio of 1:1; Perform computer calculations on the normal side and human anatomy standards, design and manufacture the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation through 3D printing technology; step 3, perform hip replacement surgery on the patient, remove the necrotic femoral head during the operation, and install The femoral head prosthesis is implanted with an auxiliary positioning guide. The first fixed leg is installed at the insertion of the proximal piriformis muscle on the intertrochanteric crest, the second fixed leg is installed on the distal femoral quadratus femoris of the intertrochanteric crest, and the third The fixed foot is installed on the flat bone surface between the lesser trochanter and the intertrochanteric line; step 4, install the femoral head prosthesis, the femoral head prosthesis includes the femoral stem, the upper half of the femoral head and the lower half of the femoral head, the upper half of the femoral head and the lower half of the femoral head The half femoral head is hemispherical and can be installed as a sphere. The curved surface of the lower half of the femoral head is integrally connected with the femoral stem. The femoral stem is inserted into the femoral cavity and adjusted so that the ball center of the lower half of the femoral head is located at the center of rotation of the femoral head. The plane of the lower half of the femoral head is parallel to the guide pointer; step 5, remove the femoral head prosthesis and implant the auxiliary positioning guide, and install the upper half of the femoral head so that the upper half of the femoral head and the lower half of the femoral head form a sphere, The femoral head prosthesis is installed.

Wherein, in step 1, the femoral head lesion of patient's 1:1 ratio is made by CT acquisition data.

Implementing the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide and high-precision implantation method of the present invention can accurately locate the spherical center position and anteversion angle of the femoral head prosthesis, so that the patient's lower limbs after operation The length difference is within 0.5cm, which is not affected by the doctor's experience and operation, which greatly improves the success rate of the operation.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram after the installation of the first embodiment of the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second embodiment of the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the high-precision implantation method of the femoral head prosthesis provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention; Fig. 2 is the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention The schematic diagram of the first embodiment after installation.

In the first embodiment, the auxiliary positioning guide for the implantation of the femoral head prosthesis includes: a bracket body 11 and a component 12 for determining the rotation center of the femoral head.

The bracket body 11 includes a first fixing leg 111 , a second fixing leg 112 , a third fixing leg 113 and a guide pointer (not shown). The first fixing leg 111 , the second fixing leg 112 and the third fixing leg 112 are integrally connected to the bottom of the bracket main body 11 respectively. The guide pointer is integrally connected with the side wall of the bracket main body 11 , the guide pointer includes a connecting portion 114 and a guiding portion 115 , one end of the connecting portion 114 is connected to the bracket main body 11 , and the other end is vertically connected to one end of the guiding portion 115 . A rotating shaft 116 and a limiting block 117 extend from the upper side wall of the bracket main body 11 , and the limiting block 117 is located below the rotating shaft 116 .

The femoral head rotation center determining part 12 is provided with a through hole, which is connected with the rotation shaft 116 through the through hole, and a protrusion extends from the bottom of the through hole, and the protrusion contacts and connects with the limiting block 117 . The end of the femoral head rotation center determination component 12 away from the bracket main body 11 is a tip. And the guide pointer and the femoral head rotation center determining part 12 are respectively located on two opposite side walls of the bracket main body 11 . Patient information 118 is engraved on the side of the bracket main body 11 away from the tip of the femoral head rotation center determining part 12 .

The connecting part 114 is a reference axis parallel to the femoral axis, and the guiding part 115 is the axis of the femoral neck. The connecting part 114 and the guiding part 115 form a plane, and the angle of this plane is the angle of anteversion.

Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation provided by the present invention.

In the second embodiment, the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation includes: a bracket body 21 and a femoral head rotation center determining component 22 .

The bracket body 21 includes a first fixing leg 211 , a second fixing leg 212 , a third fixing leg 213 and a guide pointer (not shown). The first fixing leg 211 , the second fixing leg 212 and the third fixing leg 212 are integrally connected with the bottom of the bracket main body 21 respectively. The guide pointer is integrally connected with the side wall of the bracket body 21 . The guide pointer includes a connecting portion 214 and a guiding portion 215 . One end of the connecting portion 214 is connected to the bracket main body 21 , and the other end is vertically connected to one end of the guiding portion 215 .

The femoral head rotation center determining part 22 is integrally connected with the upper side wall of the bracket main body 21 . The end of the femoral head rotation center determination part 22 away from the bracket main body 21 is a tip, and the guide pointer and the femoral head rotation center determination part 22 are located on two opposite side walls of the bracket main body 21 respectively. Patient information (not shown) is engraved on the side of the holder main body 21 away from the tip of the femoral head rotation center determining part 22 .

Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the high-precision implantation method of the femoral head prosthesis provided by the present invention.

In step S1, a lesion model of the femoral head is made. First, collect data through CT (Computed Tomography, computerized tomography), and then use 3D printing technology to print out the patient's femoral head lesion at a ratio of 1:1, so that doctors can have a more intuitive understanding and better formulate surgical plans before surgery .

In step S2, a guider for auxiliary positioning of the implantation of the femoral head prosthesis is designed and manufactured. Taking the bony landmarks as the positioning reference, computer calculation is performed on the lesion side with reference to the normal side and human anatomy standards, and the auxiliary positioning guide for femoral head prosthesis implantation is designed and manufactured through 3D printing technology.

In step S3, a femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide is installed. Perform hip replacement surgery on the patient, remove the necrotic femoral head during the operation, and install the femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide. The installation method is that the first fixed foot is installed at the insertion point of the proximal piriformis muscle of the intertrochanteric crest, the second fixed foot is installed at the insertion point of the distal femoral muscle of the intertrochanteric crest, and the third fixed foot is installed between the lesser trochanter and the The flat bony surface between the intertrochanteric lines.

In step S4, the femoral head prosthesis is installed. The femoral head prosthesis comprises femoral stem, upper half femoral head and lower half femoral head, and upper half femoral head and lower half femoral head are hemispherical, can be installed into a sphere. The curved surface of the lower half of the femoral head is integrally connected with the femoral stem. The femoral stem is inserted into the patient's femoral cavity and adjusted so that the spherical center of the lower half of the femoral head is at the tip of the component that determines the rotation center of the femoral head. The plane of the lower half of the femoral head is aligned with the guide pointer. parallel.

In step S5, the auxiliary positioning guide for implanting the femoral head prosthesis is removed. And the upper half of the femoral head is installed so that the upper half of the femoral head and the lower half of the femoral head form a sphere, and the femoral head prosthesis is installed.

Traditional hip replacement surgery adopts a posterolateral approach, and the patient's position is the standard lateral position. The operation in this position has short operation time and less blood loss during the operation, but the disadvantage is that there is no way to accurately compare the length of the lower limbs during the operation, and the length of the affected limb is often judged by the doctor's experience. Once the affected side joint is replaced, the length of the lower limb differs by more than 1 cm compared with the contralateral side, and the patient will feel obvious discomfort. This patent uses the CT scan data of the patient's pelvis, cooperates with 3D printing technology to print out the patient's femoral head lesion at a ratio of 1:1, and designs a method that uses bony landmarks as the positioning reference, and uses the computer to compare the lesion side with reference to the normal side. The anteversion angle of the femoral neck and the center of rotation of the femoral head were repaired so that the difference in the length of the lower limbs was within 0.5 cm, so a femoral head prosthesis was designed to implant an auxiliary positioning guide. The advantages of this positioning guide are: first, the accuracy is greatly improved compared with the traditional empirical method; second, the CT data of the pelvis are less affected by the patient's body position, and the error is almost zero. The significance of this patent is to make hip replacement surgery move from experience to precision, which is a step towards precision medicine.

Implementing the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the femoral head prosthesis implantation auxiliary positioning guide and high-precision implantation method of the present invention can accurately locate the spherical center position and anteversion angle of the femoral head prosthesis, so that the patient's lower limbs after operation The length difference is within 0.5cm, which is not affected by the doctor's experience and operation, which greatly improves the success rate of the operation.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of femoral head prosthesis is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the femoral head prosthesis is implanted into auxiliary positioning Guider includes：

Rack body, the rack body include the first fixing leg, the second fixing leg, third fixing leg and guiding and refer to Needle, first fixing leg, second fixing leg and the third fixing leg respectively with the rack body Bottom integrally connected, the side wall integrally connected of the guiding indicating pointer and the rack body, the side on the top of the rack body Extend a rotation axis and a limited block on wall, the limited block is located at the lower section of the rotation axis；

Femoral head rotation center determines component, and the femoral head rotation center determines that component offers a through-hole, by described A protrusion is extended in through-hole and the rotation axis connection, the through-hole lower section, and the protrusion is connected with the limited block.

2. a kind of femoral head prosthesis is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the femoral head prosthesis is implanted into auxiliary positioning Guider includes：

Rack body, the rack body include the first fixing leg, the second fixing leg and third fixing leg, and described the One fixing leg, second fixing leg and the third fixing leg integrally connect respectively with the bottom of the rack body It connects；

The side wall integrally connected of guiding indicating pointer, the guiding indicating pointer and rack body；

Femoral head rotation center determines component, and the femoral head rotation center determines the top of component one end and the rack body Side wall integrally connected.

3. femoral head prosthesis according to claim 1 or 2 is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the stent Body side is carved with patient information.

4. femoral head prosthesis according to claim 3 is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the femoral head rotation Turn center and determine that the one end of component far from the rack body is tip.

5. femoral head prosthesis according to claim 4 is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the guiding indicating pointer Determine component respectively in the two side walls of the rack body with the femoral head rotation center.

6. femoral head prosthesis according to claim 5 is implanted into auxiliary positioning guider, which is characterized in that the guiding indicating pointer Including a connecting portion and a guide part, described connecting portion one end connects the rack body, described in other end vertical connection One end of guide part.