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CN106588029A - 一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106588029A
CN106588029A CN201610955106.6A CN201610955106A CN106588029A CN 106588029 A CN106588029 A CN 106588029A CN 201610955106 A CN201610955106 A CN 201610955106A CN 106588029 A CN106588029 A CN 106588029A
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葛联峰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N415‑40wt%,SiC15‑40wt%,红柱石5‑20wt%,α‑Al2O35‑15wt%,Y2O31‑10wt%,Cr2O31‑10wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α‑Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维网状结构、高比表面和高热导率的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷吸热体材料,用于塔式太阳能热发电吸热体,解决目前太阳能吸热体材料抗高温氧化差和抗热震性能差的不足,也为太阳能集热设备的研究与发展提供新思路。

Description

一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无机非金属材料领域,具体涉及一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的可再生资源,开发和利用太阳能是实现能源供应多元化、保证能源安全的重要途径之一。近年来,在节能减排的政策引导和要求下,我国建筑中太阳能光热技术的应用显著增加,对于太阳能建筑一体化的要求也越来越高。
塔式太阳能热发电系统由于聚光比高(200-100KW/m2)、热力循环温度高、热损耗小、系统简单且效率高的特点得到世界各国的重视,是目前各国都在大力研究的先进的大规模太阳能热发电技术,作为塔式太阳能热发电核心的空气吸热器,其中的高温吸热体材料担负着接收太阳聚光能量,以及吸热换热的重要作用,影响着整个热发电系统的稳定性及效率的高低。
在聚光太阳能热发电技术中,泡沫陶瓷常被用作空气吸热器的吸热材料。Si3N4-SiC吸热陶瓷具有高的强度以及良好的微观组织结构,是一种适合塔式太阳能热发电吸热器的新型吸热材料。中科院电工所专利CN101122425A公开了一种碳化硅泡沫陶瓷太阳能吸热器;CN104671787A公开了一种太阳能热发电吸热体材料-Si3N4-SiC吸热陶瓷材料的制备,具有高的强度以及良好的微观组织结构,是一种适合塔式太阳能热发电吸热器用吸热材料。
但是,由于塔式吸热器聚光能流密度不均匀性和不稳定性形成的吸热体局部热斑造成材料热应力破坏、空气流动稳定性差以及耐久性不高等问题,因而需迫切的开发具有抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维或者二维的连通结构、高比表面以及高热导率的新型吸热体材料。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂,合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺,制备抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维网状结构、高比表面和高热导率的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料,用于塔式太阳能热发电吸热体。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N415-40wt%,SiC15-40wt%,红柱石5-20wt%,α-Al2O35-15wt%,Y2O31-10wt%,Cr2O31-10wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
所述的基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径1-100nm的粉末。
所述的聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为120-140r/min的条件下球磨混合12-16h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:5-100混合并搅拌10-30min,然后进行超声处理1-12h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至150-300℃;在惰性气体保护下保温1-6h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1400-1600℃,在压力为30-50Mpa下烧结6-10h,然后降温至800-1200℃保温3-5h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明的新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料气孔均匀,气孔率为93.7%,孔径在1-3mm之间,孔肋骨架较粗壮,有利于泡沫陶瓷强度提高;烧成后泡沫陶瓷主晶相为碳化硅、氮化硅,抗压强度为0.27MPa,30次热震后抗压强度为0.30Mpa,是抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维网状结构、高比表面和高热导率的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料,用于塔式太阳能热发电吸热体,解决目前太阳能吸热体材料抗高温氧化差以及抗热震性能差的不足,也为太阳能集热设备的研究与发展提供新思路。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N415wt%,SiC40wt%,红柱石20wt%,α-Al2O315wt%,Y2O35wt%,Cr2O35wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料;其中基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径1nm的粉末,聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为120r/min的条件下球磨混合12h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:5混合并搅拌10min,然后进行超声处理1h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至150℃;在惰性气体保护下保温1h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1400℃,在压力为30Mpa下烧结6h,然后降温至800℃保温3h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
实施例2
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N440wt%,SiC15wt%,红柱石15wt%,α-Al2O310wt%,Y2O310wt%,Cr2O310wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料;其中基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径100nm的粉末,聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为140r/min的条件下球磨混合16h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:100混合并搅拌30min,然后进行超声处理12h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至300℃;在惰性气体保护下保温6h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1600℃,在压力为50Mpa下烧结10h,然后降温至1200℃保温5h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
实施例3
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N440wt%,SiC40wt%,红柱石5wt%,α-Al2O313wt%,Y2O31wt%,Cr2O31wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料;其中基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径50nm的粉末,聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为130r/min的条件下球磨混合14h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:50混合并搅拌20min,然后进行超声处理6h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至200℃;在惰性气体保护下保温4h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1500℃,在压力为40Mpa下烧结8h,然后降温至1000℃保温4h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
实施例4
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N430wt%,SiC40wt%,红柱石5wt%,α-Al2O35wt%,Y2O310wt%,Cr2O310wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料;其中基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径80nm的粉末,聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为125r/min的条件下球磨混合16h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:80混合并搅拌15min,然后进行超声处理8h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至250℃;在惰性气体保护下保温5h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1500℃,在压力为35Mpa下烧结6h,然后降温至1200℃保温4h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
实施例5
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N430wt%,SiC30wt%,红柱石10wt%,α-Al2O315wt%,Y2O37wt%,Cr2O38wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料;其中基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径90nm的粉末,聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为120r/min的条件下球磨混合12h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:100混合并搅拌30min,然后进行超声处理12h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至300℃;在惰性气体保护下保温2h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1500℃,在压力为30Mpa下烧结6h,然后降温至800℃保温3h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
经测试,上述实施例中材料气孔均匀,气孔率为93.7%以上,孔径在1-3mm之间,孔肋骨架较粗壮,抗压强度为0.27-0.30MPa,30次热震后抗压强度仍为0.30Mpa,是抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维网状结构、高比表面和高热导率的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料,可用于塔式太阳能热发电吸热体。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,其特征在于,由包含以下重量百分含量的组分组成:Si3N4 15-40wt%,SiC 15-40wt%,红柱石5-20wt%,α-Al2O3 5-15wt%,Y2O3 1-10wt%,Cr2O3 1-10wt%,以Si3N4和SiC为基材,以红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3以及Cr2O3为添加剂合成耐高温结合相,以聚氨酯泡沫为前驱体,采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷材料。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述的基材Si3N4、SiC,添加剂红柱石、α-Al2O3、Y2O3、Cr2O3均为平均粒径1-100nm的粉末。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述的聚氨酯泡沫先驱体为液态。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的新型太阳能吸热陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取上述原料,以无水乙醇为分散剂,ZrO2球为球磨介质,采用滚筒式球磨机在球磨转速为120-140r/min的条件下球磨混合12-16h得浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的浆料与先驱体溶液聚氨酯泡沫按照重量比为1:5-100混合并搅拌10-30min,然后进行超声处理1-12h充分混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合物置于密闭容器中,升温至150-300℃;在惰性气体保护下保温1-6h至交联固化,然后真空烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中固化烘干后的混合物置于真空热压烧结炉中,在惰性气体或真空中加热至1400-1600℃,在压力为30-50Mpa下烧结6-10h,然后降温至800-1200℃保温3-5h得具有三维网状结构的泡沫Si3N4/SiC吸热陶瓷吸热体材料。
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CN107162577A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-15 江苏中路交通科学技术有限公司 一种应用于塔式太阳能热发电系统的太阳能陶瓷材料
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CN107162623B (zh) * 2017-05-22 2020-05-22 江苏中路交通科学技术有限公司 一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料
CN107162577B (zh) * 2017-05-22 2020-05-22 江苏中路交通科学技术有限公司 一种应用于塔式太阳能热发电系统的太阳能陶瓷材料
CN109694252A (zh) * 2019-01-12 2019-04-30 西安交通大学 一种结构渐变的多孔介质太阳能吸热器的制备方法
CN111536830A (zh) * 2020-04-22 2020-08-14 西安交通大学 高耐热线圈炮电枢结构
CN111536830B (zh) * 2020-04-22 2022-06-07 西安交通大学 高耐热线圈炮电枢结构

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