CN106546729B - 一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法 - Google Patents
一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法,本试剂盒包括样品垫、去血清基质玻纤、荧光垫、NC膜、吸水纸、PVC底板。将玻纤材料通过化学处理,使其表面带有离子键,如氨基、醛基、环氧基,并可与干扰物质通过离子键牢固结合,如血清中红细胞、细胞降解物、HAMA抗体、类风湿因子等物质结合,使处理后的样本血清与模拟血清一样,不再受基质效应干扰,提高检测准确度。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法,属于医疗器械领域。
背景技术
基质一词来源于拉丁语mater和希腊语meter,指反应溶液中或样品中除分析物以外的所有组分。美国临床标准化委员会(NCCLS)从两个角度定义了基质效应:样品中除分析物以外的其它组分对分析物测定值的影响;基质对分析方法准确测定分析物的能力的干扰。国际标准化组织对“基质效应”的定义为:除被测定物质以外样本的物征,它可以影响到被测物质的检测及检测结果(ISO15189)。Miller和Thomas等人所下的一个针对临床实验室的基质效应:不同于新鲜标本的反应特性使测定结果产生的偏差。总的来说,基质效应来自于生物标本中未知的或性质不明的物质或特性(如黏度、表面张力、蒸汽压)所引起的干扰,及除测定物质以外样本的物质,它可以影响到被测物的检测及检测结果。
对于临床实验室来说,首要目的是要准确地测定病人标本。因此,厂家在仪器与试剂的研制过程中和方法学的选择过程中,是以病人的新鲜血清标本作为“最佳”的检测对象。此时,测定系统对新鲜血清样本而言不考虑基质效应,也就是说,认定该检测系统对新鲜血清标本的基质效应接近于零。当测定质控血清或标准品时,标准品和质控品是经过处理的混合人血清/血浆或类似物(模拟人血清/血浆成分的),如经过冰冻、冻干、过滤、透析、加添加剂等处理后的制备样品,在特定的分析系统中的反应一般与新鲜病人样品不同,会使结果出现基质偏差,这就是基质效应。1.基质效应与分析方法缺乏特异性有关。如果分析方法的特异性差,那么基质中与目标分析物相似的一些物质同时被测定出。方法学不同对基质效应的敏感性不同。有些测定方法对基质效应不敏感,有些测定方法对基质效应很敏感。例如,胆固醇和胆红素测定,需要用人血清型校准液。使用人白蛋白配置的校准液,测定结果有差异;用牛白蛋白配制的校准液,测定结果差异更大。2.基质效应与试剂的组分、构成及稳定性有关。如蛋白质的来源、纯度、浓度、活性等。3.基质效应分析仪的性能有关:仪器设计中与基质效应有关的因素有样品、样品空白、加热单元的稳定性、吸样系统的准确度、试剂/样品的携带污染、分光光度计分辨率、自动化程度及分析后数据处理方式等。
基质效应主要来源于血清中的干扰物质,美国测试与材料协会(AmericanSociaty of Testing and Material)对于干扰物质的定义为干扰是因为一种物质的存在影响另一种物质的准确测定。基质干扰主要指一些化学物质明确的物质,如:胆红素、血红蛋白、维生素C、类风湿因子、HAMA抗体等。
1.类风湿因子(RF):患者体内存在的RF能显著干扰基于抗原抗体反应过程的许多免疫学检测方法。如血清中RF会引起cTnI测定结果的假阳性增高。对不同检测系统的干扰程度也有差异,而且其影响程度并不与干扰物质的浓度成正比。有文献报道[1]使用AbbottAxSYM检测系统,检测100份RF阳性的血清中有15分出现cTnI假阳性升高。
2.HAMA抗体:少数患者体内存在人抗鼠等嗜异性抗体,由于试剂盒中所应用的抗体多为鼠抗人抗体,血液中的嗜异性抗体能结合试剂盒中的抗体,干扰了检测过程[2]。Plebani等[3]曾报道过一位无显著心电图改变以及血液肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌红蛋白均无异常,但肌钙蛋白却异常增高的患者,后经免疫印迹分析证实其体内存在相对分子量高达500000的巨型免疫复合物,正是该免疫复合物干扰了肌钙蛋白的测定。
3.目标抗原自身抗体:患者体内存在目标抗原的自身抗体,这种抗体可与试剂盒中的检测抗体竞争结合目标抗原,造成检测结果的假阴性。最近学者发现1例肌钙蛋白低回收率的血清标本中存在干扰因子,经一系列鉴定和质谱分析后确认为完整的免疫球蛋白,Western bolt分析鉴定为抗肌钙蛋白的自身抗体[4]。
4.纤维蛋白:检测样本中有残存的纤维蛋白是,会引起假阳性结果。Nosanchuk比较了同时采集的血清和血浆样本测定肌钙蛋白浓度的差异,发现重新离心后的标本再测显示结果降低,此假阳性结果即为纤维蛋白的干扰所致。Kazmierczak等[5]也发现纤维蛋白引起检测结果的假阳性增高。若血液标本因疾病、药物作用、受抗凝剂污染等原因,凝固时间延长,或者离心制备不彻底,在经检测时残存的纤维蛋白往往会引起假阳性的结果,在标本制备时应尽可能避免。
5.抗凝剂:肝素是急诊最常用的抗凝剂,肝素抗凝剂的血浆标本消除了血液凝固所需的额外时间,减少了分析所需的时间,曾被美国国家临床生化协会推荐为生化心肌标志物的分析标本,但血浆检测心肌标志物并不是没有缺点的。肝素抗凝血浆较血清标本检测值显著降低,而且使用肝素抗凝血浆会影响一些测定方法,且对不同检测方法影响程度有所差异。有学者应用3种检测系统分别测定100对同时采集的阳性的血清与肝素抗凝血浆2组标本,在两者测定值差异大于20%,造成漏诊[6]。其他的抗凝剂如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝的血浆测定结果也比血清低[7],所以目前许多检测系统可使用血清或推荐血清作为其优选标本类型。
6.溶血:溶血是红细胞破坏的过程,导致了血红蛋白以及细胞碎片蛋白质等释放到周围血液中。溶血会给检测结果带来显著干扰。有一项针对溶血对电化学发光法影响的研究发现,血红蛋白会造成测定浓度的负偏倚[8]。血红蛋白仅仅是溶血过程中释放众多组分中的1种,由红细胞释放的红细胞碎片和蛋白质也会对结果有正向干扰,离心标本可消除大部分标本的溶血产物,由此可消除正向干扰。因此,溶血的作用不仅是游离血红蛋白的影响,而更多的是红细胞破坏后产生的细胞碎片和蛋白质等其他溶血产物。
7.脂浊:脂浊主要来源于高脂血症、继发性高脂血症以及餐后、输注脂肪乳后抽血等。脂浊可以通过多种途径影响生化检测的结果[9]:1.脂浊对光线有一定的散射作用,因此脂浊血清样本的空白吸光度值会升高,从而对吸光度产生正向干扰。2.血清中水分被不溶性的脂浊微粒所取代,因此脂浊可以使大多数血清成分产生负误差。3.脂浊血清由于血清黏度加大以及脂浊微粒的评比效应,可以减少抗原抗体结合的概率。4.脂浊使分析物分布呈非均一性,因此测定过程中的随机误差加大。
8.黄疸:Dasgupta等[10]发现高胆红素会对检测系统造成假阴性结果。Kwon等[11]等发现标本中结合胆红素和未结合胆红素任一或两者含量的增高都会对采用化学发光法的ACS180E检测系统产生影响。
9.年龄:不同年龄的血清标本也会对结果造成影响。
目前由于测定试剂和方法的众多,这种由检测体系内在对结果所致的影响还未消除,此外,由于标本自身和标本前处理所致的各种因素以及各种疾病对检测体系所造成的干扰对测定结果的影响也很大。更为重要的是,这些因素对临界值的结果影响尤甚,所造成正向或负向的干扰,直接左右临床医师的判断。因此,这些因素受到试剂盒研发人员、生产厂商、临床实验室检测人员的重视,使这些因素得以消除或减轻。
至今也有不少学者致力于去除基质效应方面的研究,也取得了一定的研究成果。刘志贤[12]等采用稀释法来降低乳糜血对检测项目的干扰,以减少临床误诊。俞文萍[13]等找到一种消除脂浊干扰的方法,即采用空白试剂代替显色试剂的方法,测得脂浊干扰值,然后从常规方法测得的结果中减去该干扰值,使之得到准确的结果。温云飞[14]通过制备环境样品免疫检测专用缓冲溶液,可有效的减小或消除基质效应,该试剂盒通过抗原抗体的特异性反应,形成小的免疫复合物,在促聚剂的作用下会形成大的可见的复合物,产生一定的浊度,从而适于透射比浊测量,所含试剂能有效的防止伪浊度的产生,避免了基质效应的影响。D.C.琼斯[15]提供了在蛋白质沉淀生物分析样品中降低基质效应的装置和方法,该装置包括通过吸附剂如表面活性剂、脂质、赋形剂或剂量给药剂用于结合分析样品中存在的基质干扰剂,还有可以去除沉淀的蛋白质颗粒的过滤器件。之前多采用稀释法来降低血液的基质效应,这种方法相对于检验人员来说操作复杂,费时费力。我们希望建立一种简单有效的去血液基质效应的方法。
硅烷偶联剂是一类在分子中同时含有两种不同化学性质基团的有机硅化合物,其经典产物可用通式YSiX3表示。式中,Y为非水解基团,包括链烯基(主要为乙烯基),以及末端带有Cl、NH2、SH、环氧、N3、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基、异氰酸酯基等官能团的烃基,即碳官能基;X为可水解基团,包括Cl、OMe、OEt、OC2H4OCH3、OSiMe3、及OAc等。由于这一特殊结构,在其分子中同时具有能和无机质材料(如玻璃、硅砂、金属等)化学结合的反应基团及与有机质材料(合成树脂等)化学结合的反应基团,可以用于表面处理。本文结合硅烷偶联剂的特性,建立一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法,以提高检测的准确度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法,将玻纤材料通过化学处理,使其表面带有离子键,并可与干扰物质通过离子键牢固结合,如血清中红细胞、细胞降解物、HAMA抗体、类风湿因子等物质结合,使处理后的样本血清与模拟血清一样,不再受基质效应干扰,提高检测准确度。
本发明的目的提供一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的新工艺方法。
本试剂盒包括样品垫、去血清基质玻纤、荧光垫、NC膜、吸水纸、PVC底板。
本发明的技术方案为:
1)硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)-PVC底板的制备:将硝酸纤维素酶切成25mm×300mm,贴在PVC底板上;
2)去血清基质玻纤的制备:玻纤经过氨基、醛基或环氧基化处理切条备用;
3)荧光垫的制备:将荧光结合垫切条备用;
4)样品垫:将玻璃纤维膜切条备用;
5)吸收垫:将吸水纸切条备用;
6)组装:将上述样品垫、去血清基质玻纤、荧光结合垫、吸收垫依次贴在PVC底板上,将贴好的中间物用斩切机切成一定宽度的试剂条。
附图说明
图1去除干式免疫荧光定量检测系统结构示意图,其中1为样品垫;2.为去血清基质玻纤;3为荧光垫;4为NC膜;4为吸水垫。
图2去除干式免疫荧光定量检测系统结合示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一:玻纤氨基化处理
1.洗净玻纤,再用去离子水清洗3次;
2.玻纤浸没在70度的装有浓硫酸和双氧水的混合溶液(体积比为1∶1)的容器内,恒温1-5h进行羟基化处理;
3.取出洗净,浸没在体积比为1∶1的浓盐酸和无水乙醇的混合溶液中进行酸处理,处理温度为37度,处理1~24h;
4.取出洗净烘干,再浸没在50度的氨基硅烷的无水乙醇溶液中进行氨基修饰,加入2~3滴醋酸作为催化剂;
5.氨基硅烷浓度范围为0.2~1.0mol/L,浸泡时间为0.5~7天;
6.取出一次用无水乙醇和去离子水各清洗至少5min,放入120度烘箱烘干,即可得到表面氨基修饰的玻纤。
实施例二:玻纤醛基化处理
1.洗净玻纤,再用去离子水清洗3次;
2.玻纤浸没在70度的装有浓硫酸和双氧水的混合溶液(体积比为1∶1)的容器内,恒温1-5h进行羟基化处理;
3.取出洗净,浸没在体积比为1∶1的浓盐酸和无水乙醇的混合溶液中进行酸处理,处理温度为37度,处理1~24h;
4.取出洗净烘干,再浸没在50度的氨基硅烷的无水乙醇溶液中进行氨基修饰,加入2~3滴醋酸作为催化剂;
5.氨基硅烷浓度范围为0.2~1.0mol/L,浸泡时间为0.5~7天;
6.倒掉反应液体,用无水乙醇清洗3次,再用去离子水清洗3次,以除去无水乙醇,以避免其与醛基反应;然后用PBS溶液清洗2次,倒掉PBS溶液;7.加入戊二醛和PBS的混合溶液(15ml PBS,1.5ml 50%戊二醛,体积比为1∶10),反应1h。
8.取出用PBS冲洗3次,即可得到表面醛基修饰的玻纤,玻纤保存在PBS缓冲液中。
实施例三:玻纤环氧基化处理
1.洗净玻纤,再用去离子水清洗3次;
2.浸泡在体积比为4∶1∶20的浓硫酸、过氧化氢和超纯水的混合液中,80-130度放置15-30min;
3.取出,冷却,用超纯水冲洗3-5次;
4.浸泡在体积比为1∶1的浓盐酸和乙醇的混合液中3-24h;
5.取出,用超纯水冲洗3-5次,烘干;
6.浸泡在1%氨基硅烷、1%冰醋酸的乙醇溶液中,2-24h,避光;
7.取出,用无水乙醇冲洗3次,再用超纯水冲洗3次,烘干,即得到环氧基修饰的玻纤。
实施例四:检测临床样本
两种试纸条(有去血清基质玻纤和无去血清基质玻纤)同时检测临床确诊患者血清68例,正常人对照血清49例,考察两种试纸条检测准确度。
表1两种试纸条检测临床样本结果
从表1可以看出,去血清基质玻纤试纸条对患者的阳性检出率和阴性检测率都明显高于无去血清基质玻纤试纸条,可见本发明去血清基质玻纤试纸条更敏感、特异、准确。说明本发明去血清基质玻纤试纸条具有更高的临床符合率,可为目前干式免疫荧光定量法临床检测提供更准确、可靠的价值。
参考文献
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Claims (1)
1.一种去除干式免疫荧光定量法检测中血清基质效应的方法,采用试剂盒进行检测,试剂盒包括样品垫、去血清基质玻纤、荧光垫、NC膜、吸水纸、PVC底板,其特征在于:将去除血清基质的物质固定在玻纤材料上,然后主动与血清样品中的干扰物质结合,以起到拦截干扰物质的作用;去除血清基质的物质为乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷;去血清基质玻纤的制备方法包括:玻纤通过环氧基化、氨基化、醛基化处理之后,使其表面分别带有环氧基、氨基、醛基。
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CN202916285U (zh) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-05-01 | 南京诺尔曼生物技术有限公司 | 一种全血免疫层析装置 |
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