CN106525366A - Magnetic suspension type bridge deflection measuring device and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic suspension type bridge deflection measuring device and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置，主要由高精度微型直线电机、外套筒和可调节水平的安装底座组成。该测量装置基于磁悬浮原理，利用高精度微型直线电机为悬浮质量块提供恒定竖向力，使质量块悬浮的绝对高度保持不变，形成挠度测试当中的固定点，直线电机、外套筒和底座则随着桥梁变形竖向移动，测量悬浮质量块与外套筒相对竖向距离的变化，即可得到桥梁的挠度。将本发明用于桥梁挠度测试，无需设置外部固定点，即可精确测量出桥梁的绝对挠度；且可实现动态挠度测量，并广泛适用于桥梁荷载试验、健康监控等技术领域。据此，发明人还建立了相应测量方法。
The invention discloses a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device, which is mainly composed of a high-precision miniature linear motor, an outer sleeve and an adjustable level mounting base. Based on the principle of magnetic levitation, the measuring device uses high-precision micro linear motors to provide a constant vertical force for the suspended mass, so that the absolute height of the suspended mass remains unchanged, forming a fixed point in the deflection test. The linear motor, the outer sleeve and the base As the bridge deforms and moves vertically, the deflection of the bridge can be obtained by measuring the change in the relative vertical distance between the suspended mass and the outer sleeve. When the invention is used for bridge deflection testing, the absolute deflection of the bridge can be accurately measured without setting external fixed points; dynamic deflection measurement can be realized, and it is widely applicable to technical fields such as bridge load tests and health monitoring. Accordingly, the inventor has also established a corresponding measurement method.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于桥梁挠度测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置及其测量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge deflection measurement, in particular to a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measurement device and a measurement method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在当今土木工程行业中，挠度测量广泛地应用于建筑、铁路、桥梁、交通、大坝等结构上。结构的挠度测试是工程人员进行结构设计优化，了解结构受力状态以及保证结构安全的一个重要环节。例如，在大跨度桥梁的施工过程以及营运过程的长期健康监测、桥梁荷载试验当中，对关键截面的桥梁挠度进行监测和测量，是评价桥梁结构安全状态的重要指标和依据。In today's civil engineering industry, deflection measurement is widely used in buildings, railways, bridges, traffic, dams and other structures. The deflection test of the structure is an important link for engineers to optimize the structural design, understand the stress state of the structure and ensure the safety of the structure. For example, in the long-term health monitoring and bridge load tests of long-span bridges during construction and operation, the monitoring and measurement of bridge deflection at key sections is an important indicator and basis for evaluating the safety status of bridge structures.
常见的挠度测试方法有水准测量、位移计法、静力水准法、雷达法等，这些方法均需要在桥外设置固定点，通过测量桥上测点相对于桥外固定点的高程或位移变化来得到桥梁的挠度。位移计法等接触式测量方法精度高，测试便捷，但当桥梁跨越江、河、山涧等障碍物，或跨越城市道路时，由于不能布设固定支架，存在接触式位移测量仪器(如位移计等)无法安装的困难。非接触式位移监测仪器(如静力水准仪、雷达等)和水准测量方法，可实现绝大部分桥梁的挠度测试，但在长大桥梁的挠度测试当中，存在比较明显的缺点：静力水准仪方法存在现场安装时间长、成本高、对大纵坡桥梁应用困难；而雷达方法在长大桥梁上的精度无法满足、测试效率低；水准测量需要逐站传递高程，长大桥梁由于测点多，距离远，一次水准测量时间相当长，人力成本高，同时人为因素影响大。为此，要精准、快速测试长大桥梁挠度变得十分困难，也是目前桥梁检测工程领域的一大技术难题。Common deflection testing methods include leveling, displacement meter method, static leveling method, radar method, etc. These methods all need to set fixed points outside the bridge, by measuring the elevation or displacement changes of the measuring points on the bridge relative to the fixed points outside the bridge to get the deflection of the bridge. Contact measurement methods such as the displacement meter method have high precision and are convenient to test. However, when the bridge crosses obstacles such as rivers, rivers, and mountain streams, or crosses urban roads, there are contact displacement measurement instruments (such as displacement meters, etc.) ) cannot be installed with difficulty. Non-contact displacement monitoring instruments (such as static level, radar, etc.) and leveling measurement methods can realize the deflection test of most bridges, but in the deflection test of long bridges, there are obvious shortcomings: the static level method There are long on-site installation time, high cost, and difficulty in applying to bridges with large longitudinal slopes; the accuracy of radar methods on long bridges cannot be satisfied, and the test efficiency is low; leveling measurement needs to transmit elevations station by station, and long bridges have many measuring points. The distance is long, the time for a leveling measurement is quite long, the labor cost is high, and the influence of human factors is large. For this reason, it is very difficult to accurately and quickly test the deflection of long bridges, which is also a major technical problem in the field of bridge inspection engineering.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置及其测量方法，以实现高精度、便捷地测量桥梁挠度，该装置及方法广泛适用于桥梁荷载试验、健康监控等技术领域。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measurement device and its measurement method to achieve high-precision and convenient measurement of bridge deflection. The device and method are widely applicable to bridge load tests, health monitoring and other technical fields.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置，主要由高精度微型直线电机、外套筒和可调节水平的安装底座组成；高精度微型直线电机竖直向安装于外套筒内，外套筒置于安装底座上；高精度微型直线电机上安装有悬浮质量块，高精度微型直线电机顶部安装有测距仪，高精度微型直线电机具有控制器并由控制器控制为悬浮质量块提供等于其重力的恒定悬浮力。The magnetic levitation bridge deflection measurement device is mainly composed of a high-precision miniature linear motor, an outer sleeve and an adjustable mounting base; the high-precision miniature linear motor is vertically installed in the outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve is placed on the installation base A suspended mass is installed on the high-precision micro linear motor, and a range finder is installed on the top of the high-precision micro linear motor. The high-precision micro linear motor has a controller and is controlled by the controller to provide a constant suspension force equal to its gravity for the suspended mass. .
高精度微型直线电机为电磁式圆筒直线电机，最大行程大于10cm，最大负载为悬浮质量块重力的2倍以上。The high-precision miniature linear motor is an electromagnetic cylindrical linear motor, the maximum stroke is greater than 10cm, and the maximum load is more than twice the gravity of the suspended mass.
安装底座具有三个脚螺旋及一个圆水准泡。The mounting base has three foot screws and a circular vial.
控制器包含悬浮质量块位置检测反馈系统。The controller includes a suspended mass position detection feedback system.
测距仪选用精度为0.01mm级的高精度测距仪，测量频率大于10Hz。The rangefinder is a high-precision rangefinder with an accuracy of 0.01mm, and the measurement frequency is greater than 10Hz.
高精度微型直线电机和测距仪由供电电池提供电源。The high-precision miniature linear motor and the range finder are powered by a power supply battery.
使用上述磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置的测量方法，包括以下步骤：The measuring method using the above-mentioned magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1)在挠度测点对应的桥面位置，固定安装磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置；(1) Fixedly install a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device at the position of the bridge deck corresponding to the deflection measuring point;
(2)通过调节安装底座，使底座上表面处于水平状态，而高精度微型直线电机处于垂直状态；(2) By adjusting the installation base, the upper surface of the base is in a horizontal state, while the high-precision micro linear motor is in a vertical state;
(3)打开控制器电源，通过控制器将悬浮质量块位置调节至高精度微型直线电机行程中部位置，保持悬浮力使悬浮质量块处于静止悬浮状态，并设置高精度微型直线电机中推力保持该状态不变，悬浮质量块绝对高程H保持不变；(3) Turn on the power of the controller, adjust the position of the suspended mass to the middle position of the stroke of the high-precision micro linear motor through the controller, maintain the suspension force so that the suspended mass is in a static suspension state, and set the thrust of the high-precision micro linear motor to maintain this state remains unchanged, the absolute height H of the suspended mass remains unchanged;
(4)测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L1；(4) Measure the vertical distance L 1 of the suspension mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time;
(5)进行桥梁加载试验，桥梁在测点位置产生向下的挠度f；(5) Carry out the bridge loading test, and the bridge produces a downward deflection f at the measuring point;
(6)测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L2；(6) Measure the vertical distance L 2 of the suspension mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time;
(7)计算桥梁的挠度为f＝ΔL＝L1-L2。(7) Calculate the deflection of the bridge as f=ΔL=L 1 -L 2 .
针对现有桥梁挠度测试方法存在的问题，发明人设计制作了一种磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置，主要由高精度微型直线电机、外套筒和可调节水平的安装底座组成；高精度微型直线电机竖直向安装于外套筒内，外套筒置于安装底座上；高精度微型直线电机上安装有悬浮质量块，高精度微型直线电机顶部安装有测距仪，高精度微型直线电机具有控制器并由控制器控制为悬浮质量块提供等于其重力的恒定悬浮力。该测量装置基于磁悬浮原理，利用高精度微型直线电机为悬浮质量块提供恒定竖向力，使质量块悬浮的绝对高度保持不变，形成挠度测试当中的固定点(即自身内部实现固定点设置)，直线电机、外套筒和底座则随着桥梁变形竖向移动，测量悬浮质量块与外套筒相对竖向距离的变化，即可得到桥梁的挠度。将本发明用于桥梁挠度测试，无需设置外部固定点，即可精确测量出桥梁的绝对挠度；且可实现动态挠度测量，并广泛适用于桥梁荷载试验、健康监控等技术领域。据此，发明人还建立了相应测量方法。Aiming at the problems existing in the existing bridge deflection testing methods, the inventor designed and produced a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device, which is mainly composed of a high-precision miniature linear motor, an outer sleeve and an adjustable level mounting base; the high-precision miniature linear motor Vertically installed in the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is placed on the installation base; a suspension mass is installed on the high-precision miniature linear motor, a rangefinder is installed on the top of the high-precision miniature linear motor, and the high-precision miniature linear motor has a control The device is controlled by a controller to provide a constant levitation force equal to its gravity for the levitated mass. Based on the principle of magnetic levitation, the measuring device uses high-precision micro linear motors to provide a constant vertical force for the suspended mass, so that the absolute height of the suspended mass remains unchanged, forming a fixed point in the deflection test (that is, the internal fixed point setting) , the linear motor, the outer sleeve and the base move vertically with the deformation of the bridge, and the deflection of the bridge can be obtained by measuring the change in the relative vertical distance between the suspended mass and the outer sleeve. When the invention is used for bridge deflection testing, the absolute deflection of the bridge can be accurately measured without setting external fixed points; dynamic deflection measurement can be realized, and it is widely applicable to technical fields such as bridge load test and health monitoring. Accordingly, the inventor has also established a corresponding measurement method.
与现有技术相比，本发明的突出优势具体在于：Compared with the prior art, the outstanding advantages of the present invention are in particular:
(1)通过磁悬浮原理，在装置内部形成挠度测试固定点，无需如传统测量方法在桥梁以外设置固定点，因而不存在高程传递问题，简化了挠度测试过程，在长大桥梁当中应用优势明显；(1) Through the principle of magnetic levitation, a deflection test fixed point is formed inside the device, without the need to set a fixed point outside the bridge like the traditional measurement method, so there is no problem of elevation transfer, which simplifies the deflection test process and has obvious advantages in the application of long bridges;
(2)本发明测量装置直接安装于测试点处的桥面之上，无需任何固定支架，无需任何安装工具，可通过自带的调节底座调节水平，现场安装及操作十分便捷，提高了桥梁挠度测试效率；(2) The measuring device of the present invention is directly installed on the bridge deck at the test point without any fixed bracket or installation tool, and the level can be adjusted through the self-contained adjustment base, which is very convenient for on-site installation and operation, and improves the deflection of the bridge test efficiency;
(3)本发明选用高精度直线电机及测距仪，可实现0.1mm精度的挠度测量，满足了工程的需要，并且仪器密封于外套筒内，不受外界环境因素的干扰；(3) The present invention selects a high-precision linear motor and a rangefinder, which can realize deflection measurement with a precision of 0.1mm, which meets the needs of the project, and the instrument is sealed in the outer sleeve, free from interference from external environmental factors;
(4)可实现桥梁动态挠度测试。(4) The bridge dynamic deflection test can be realized.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device of the present invention.
图2是本发明磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置中悬浮质量块的受力示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the force on the suspended mass in the magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device of the present invention.
图3是本发明磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置使用状态参考图。Fig. 3 is a reference diagram of the use state of the magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device of the present invention.
图中：1高精度微型直线电机，2悬浮质量块，3控制器，4测距仪，5外套筒，6脚螺旋，7圆水准泡，8安装底座，9供电电池。In the figure: 1 high-precision miniature linear motor, 2 suspended mass, 3 controller, 4 range finder, 5 outer sleeve, 6 foot screw, 7 circular vial, 8 mounting base, 9 power supply battery.
具体实施方式detailed description
1.基本结构1. Basic structure
如图1所示，磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置，主要由高精度微型直线电机1、外套筒5和可调节水平的安装底座组成；高精度微型直线电机竖直向安装于外套筒内，外套筒置于安装底座8上；高精度微型直线电机上安装有悬浮质量块2，高精度微型直线电机顶部安装有测距仪4，高精度微型直线电机具有控制器3并由控制器控制为悬浮质量块提供等于其重力的恒定悬浮力。As shown in Figure 1, the magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device is mainly composed of a high-precision miniature linear motor 1, an outer sleeve 5 and an adjustable horizontal mounting base; the high-precision miniature linear motor is vertically installed in the outer sleeve, The outer sleeve is placed on the mounting base 8; a suspension mass 2 is installed on the high-precision micro-linear motor, a rangefinder 4 is installed on the top of the high-precision micro-linear motor, and the high-precision micro-linear motor has a controller 3 and is controlled by the controller Provides a suspended mass with a constant levitation force equal to its gravity.
其中，高精度微型直线电机为电磁式圆筒直线电机，最大行程大于10cm，最大负载为悬浮质量块重力的2倍以上。安装底座具有三个脚螺旋6及一个圆水准泡7，三个脚螺旋可独立调节，使圆水准泡居中，高精度微型直线电机处于垂直状态。控制器包含悬浮质量块位置检测反馈系统，对悬浮质量块恒定悬浮力控制精度小于0.1N，对悬浮质量块位置控制精度小于0.01mm。测距仪选用精度为0.01mm级可动态测量的高精度测距仪，测量频率大于10Hz，用于测量悬浮质量块的相对距离变化。高精度微型直线电机和测距仪由供电电池9提供电源。Among them, the high-precision miniature linear motor is an electromagnetic cylindrical linear motor, the maximum stroke is greater than 10cm, and the maximum load is more than twice the gravity of the suspended mass. The installation base has three foot screws 6 and a circular vial 7, and the three foot screws can be independently adjusted so that the circular vial is in the center and the high-precision miniature linear motor is in a vertical state. The controller includes a position detection feedback system of the suspended mass, the control accuracy of the constant suspension force of the suspended mass is less than 0.1N, and the control accuracy of the position of the suspended mass is less than 0.01mm. The rangefinder is a high-precision rangefinder with an accuracy of 0.01mm that can be dynamically measured, and the measurement frequency is greater than 10Hz, which is used to measure the relative distance change of the suspended mass. The high-precision miniature linear motor and the range finder are powered by the power supply battery 9 .
2.工作原理2. Working principle
如图2和图3所示，磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置直接安装于桥面上，控制器控制直线电机在直线电机的有效行程内为悬浮质量块提供等于质量块重力的恒定悬浮力F。此时，悬浮质量块只受到竖直向下的自身重力G和直线电机提供的竖直向上的恒定悬浮力F两个力的作用，当悬浮力始终与质量块自身重力相等时(F＝G)，质量块处于一个竖向平衡状态，质量块悬浮的绝对高程H始终保持不变，形成挠度测试用固定点。当固定于桥面上的直线电机、外套筒随着桥梁的变形产生竖向的位移f，由于质量块处于受力平衡状态，其悬浮的绝对高程并不随直线电机改变，只是质量块与外套筒的竖向相对位置发生改变，相对位置的改变量与外套筒竖向的位移量是相等的，即与桥梁的挠度相等。通过安装于直线电机顶部的测距仪测量出变形前后质量块与外套筒相对位置的变化量ΔL，即可得到桥梁的挠度。如变形前质量块与外套筒顶部的距离为L1，桥梁变形后质量块与外套筒顶部的距离为L2，则桥梁的挠度即为f＝ΔL＝L1-L2。同时，利用动态测距仪连续测量，即可实现桥梁动态位移的测试。As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device is directly installed on the bridge surface, and the controller controls the linear motor to provide a constant levitation force F equal to the gravity of the mass block for the suspended mass within the effective stroke of the linear motor. At this time, the suspended mass is only affected by two forces: the vertically downward self-gravity G and the vertically upward constant suspension force F provided by the linear motor. When the suspension force is always equal to the gravity of the mass itself (F=G ), the mass block is in a vertical equilibrium state, and the absolute height H of the mass block suspension remains unchanged, forming a fixed point for deflection testing. When the linear motor fixed on the bridge surface and the outer sleeve produce a vertical displacement f with the deformation of the bridge, since the mass block is in a force-balanced state, the absolute elevation of its suspension does not change with the linear motor, but only the mass block and the outer sleeve The vertical relative position of the sleeve changes, and the relative position change is equal to the vertical displacement of the outer sleeve, that is, equal to the deflection of the bridge. The deflection of the bridge can be obtained by measuring the relative position change ΔL between the mass block and the outer sleeve before and after deformation by measuring the distance meter installed on the top of the linear motor. If the distance between the mass block and the top of the outer sleeve before deformation is L 1 , and the distance between the mass block and the top of the outer sleeve after deformation of the bridge is L 2 , then the deflection of the bridge is f=ΔL=L 1 -L 2 . At the same time, the dynamic displacement test of the bridge can be realized by using the continuous measurement of the dynamic distance meter.
3.操作步骤3. Operation steps
(1)进行挠度测量前，在挠度测点对应的桥面位置，固定安装磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置；(1) Before the deflection measurement, a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measurement device is fixedly installed at the position of the bridge deck corresponding to the deflection measurement point;
(2)通过调节安装底座三个脚螺旋的旋出量，使圆水准泡中的气泡居中，此时底座上表面处于水平状态，而高精度微型直线电机处于垂直状态；(2) By adjusting the unscrew amount of the three foot screws of the mounting base, the air bubble in the circular vial is centered. At this time, the upper surface of the base is in a horizontal state, while the high-precision micro linear motor is in a vertical state;
(3)打开控制器电源，通过控制器将悬浮质量块位置调节至高精度微型直线电机行程中部位置，保持悬浮力使悬浮质量块处于静止悬浮状态，并设置高精度微型直线电机中推力保持该状态不变，测得悬浮质量块绝对高程为H；(3) Turn on the power of the controller, adjust the position of the suspended mass to the middle position of the stroke of the high-precision micro linear motor through the controller, maintain the suspension force so that the suspended mass is in a static suspension state, and set the thrust of the high-precision micro linear motor to maintain this state unchanged, the absolute height of the suspended mass is measured as H;
(4)测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L1；(4) Measure the vertical distance L 1 of the suspension mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time;
(5)进行桥梁加载试验，桥梁在测点位置产生向下的挠度f；此时固定于桥面的安装底座带动外套筒和高精度微型直线电机竖直向下移动f，而悬浮质量块始终处于受力平衡状态，绝对位置并未随高精度微型直线电机向下移动而改变，即悬浮绝对高程仍为H；(5) Carry out the bridge loading test, the bridge produces a downward deflection f at the measuring point; at this time, the mounting base fixed on the bridge deck drives the outer sleeve and the high-precision micro linear motor to move vertically downward f, and the suspended mass It is always in a state of force balance, and the absolute position does not change with the downward movement of the high-precision micro linear motor, that is, the absolute elevation of the suspension is still H;
(6)测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L2；(6) Measure the vertical distance L 2 of the suspension mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time;
(7)计算桥梁的挠度为f＝ΔL＝L1-L2。(7) Calculate the deflection of the bridge as f=ΔL=L 1 -L 2 .
4.应用实例4. Application examples
对某连续刚构桥进行桥梁荷载试验，需测试加载过程中的主梁挠度，该桥的跨径组合为85m+160m+85m。该桥总长330m，并且跨越大河，无法布置位移计等传统挠度测试仪器。而采用水准仪测量方法，需从桥外固定水准点进行一个测回观测，测试一次的时间长达2个小时，严重影响荷载试验工作效率。此外，此类桥梁对温度变化较为敏感，2个小时后挠度已随温度的改变而发生变化，水准仪的测试值无法真实反映桥梁因加载引起的桥梁变形。To conduct a bridge load test on a continuous rigid frame bridge, it is necessary to test the deflection of the main girder during the loading process. The span combination of the bridge is 85m+160m+85m. The bridge has a total length of 330m and crosses a large river, so traditional deflection testing instruments such as displacement meters cannot be arranged. However, using the level measurement method requires a round of observation from a fixed level point outside the bridge, and the time for one test is as long as 2 hours, which seriously affects the work efficiency of the load test. In addition, this type of bridge is more sensitive to temperature changes, and the deflection has changed with the change of temperature after 2 hours, and the test value of the level instrument cannot truly reflect the bridge deformation caused by the loading of the bridge.
为此，使用前述磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置，参照上述操作步骤进行。For this reason, use the above-mentioned magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device, refer to the above-mentioned operation steps to carry out.
在进行挠度测试前，在该桥160m跨的跨中对应的桥面位置，固定安装磁悬浮式桥梁挠度测量装置。通过调节底座三个脚螺旋的旋出量，使圆水准泡中的气泡居中，此时底座上表面处于水平状态，而直线电机处于垂直状态。打开控制器电源，通过控制器将悬浮质量块位置调节至直线电机行程中部位置，保持悬浮力，使悬浮质量块处于静止悬浮状态，并设置直线电机中推力保持此状态不变，悬浮绝对高程H保持不变。测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L1＝51.6mm，进行桥梁加载试验，桥梁在测点位置产生向下的挠度，测量此时悬浮质量块相对于外套筒顶部的垂直距离L2＝38.1mm，计算出测点处桥梁的挠度为f＝ΔL＝L1-L2＝13.5mm。Before conducting the deflection test, a magnetic levitation bridge deflection measuring device was fixedly installed at the corresponding bridge deck position in the middle span of the 160m span of the bridge. By adjusting the amount of unscrewing of the three foot screws of the base, the air bubble in the circular vial is centered. At this time, the upper surface of the base is in a horizontal state, and the linear motor is in a vertical state. Turn on the power of the controller, adjust the position of the suspension mass to the middle of the stroke of the linear motor through the controller, maintain the suspension force, keep the suspension mass in a static suspension state, and set the thrust in the linear motor to keep this state unchanged, the absolute height of suspension H constant. Measure the vertical distance L 1 of the suspended mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time = 51.6mm, and carry out the bridge loading test. The bridge produces a downward deflection at the measuring point, and measure the vertical distance of the suspended mass relative to the top of the outer sleeve at this time. The vertical distance L 2 =38.1mm, the deflection of the bridge at the measuring point is calculated as f=ΔL=L 1 -L 2 =13.5mm.
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