CN106456183B - 闭塞装置 - Google Patents
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- CN106456183B CN106456183B CN201580035663.XA CN201580035663A CN106456183B CN 106456183 B CN106456183 B CN 106456183B CN 201580035663 A CN201580035663 A CN 201580035663A CN 106456183 B CN106456183 B CN 106456183B
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Abstract
本文提供一种用于囊内植入和/或血管闭塞的闭塞装置,其包括:(a)大致实体的标记部,其具有基端和末端;和(b)低轮廓的弹性网状的体,其附接于标记部的末端,体具有递送形状和展开形状,展开形状能够顺应动脉瘤的壁;其中,体的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤的直径。本文还提供套件,其包括本文所公开的闭塞装置和用于递送闭塞装置的部件。还公开了制造和使用本文所公开的闭塞装置的方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2014年4月30日递交的美国临时申请61/986,369和2014年11月24日递交的美国临时申请61/083,672的优先权,在此通过引用将这些美国临时申请的全部公开内容并入本文。另外,在此通过引用将本文所引述的和以上引用的申请中的所有文件和参考并入本文。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及如下领域:闭塞装置和/或闭塞装置系统和/或可植入闭塞装置及其用于治疗和/或减轻动脉瘤的用途。
背景技术
对用于治疗和/或减轻动脉瘤的改进的闭塞型装置和/或系统的开发有显著需求。这种观察得到目前在动脉瘤治疗领域中的现有闭塞装置和/或系统的丰富和广泛支持。然而,对于通过由最少量的可完全取出的可展开材料构成的闭塞装置来提供对动脉瘤(特别是对神经血管动脉瘤)的治疗和/或减轻,仍然存在未满足的需求。
众所周知,当动脉的膨大部分由血液的压力而拉薄时,动脉瘤形成。动脉的薄弱部分形成有泄漏和/或破裂的风险的膨出或鼓胀区域。当神经血管动脉瘤破裂时,导致出血进入脑周围的室、蛛网膜下腔,导致蛛网膜下腔出血。来自破裂的神经血管动脉瘤的蛛网膜下腔出血可导致出血性中风、脑损伤和死亡。所有神经血管动脉瘤患者中的约25%遭受蛛网膜下腔出血。神经血管动脉瘤发生于人群的2%至5%,在女性中比在男性中更常见。据估计,目前居住在美国的多达1800万人将在其一生中发展出神经血管动脉瘤。每年,美国蛛网膜下腔出血的发病超过30,000人。这些患者中有10%至15%在到达医院之前死亡,并且超过50%的患者在破裂后的首三十天内死亡。在幸存下来的患者中,大约一半罹患一些永久的神经学缺损。
吸烟、高血压、创伤性头部损伤、酒精滥用、使用激素避孕、脑动脉瘤家族史和其他遗传性疾病如埃勒斯-当洛斯综合征(Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,EDS)、多囊性肾病和马凡氏综合征可能促成神经血管动脉瘤。
大多数未破裂的动脉瘤无症状。携带未破裂的动脉瘤的一些人经历部分或全部下列症状:外周视力缺陷、思维或处理问题、言语并发症、知觉问题、行为突然变化、丧失平衡和协调、注意力集中降低、短期记忆困难、和疲劳。神经血管动脉瘤破裂的症状包括恶心和呕吐、颈部僵硬或颈部疼痛、视觉模糊或重影、眼睛上方和后方的疼痛、瞳孔放大、对光敏感和感觉丧失。有时,描述“我生命中最糟糕的头痛”的患者正在经历神经血管动脉瘤破裂的症状之一。
大多数动脉瘤直到发生破裂也仍然未被发现。然而,动脉瘤可以在对其它健康问题的常规医学检查或诊断过程期间被发现。破裂的脑动脉瘤的诊断通常通过在CT扫描(计算机化断层成像)上发现蛛网膜下腔出血的迹象而达成。如果CT扫描为阴性但仍怀疑动脉瘤破裂,则进行腰椎穿刺来检测围绕脑和脊髓的脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)中的血液。
为了确定动脉瘤的确切位置、大小和形状,神经放射学家使用脑血管造影术或断层成像血管造影术。脑血管造影术,这种传统的方法涉及将导管引入动脉(通常在腿部),并将其通过身体的血管引导至动脉瘤所涉及的动脉。将称为造影剂的特殊染料注射到患者的动脉中,并且其分布在X射线投影上示出。该方法可能由于重叠结构或者痉挛而不能检测某些动脉瘤。
计算机化断层成像血管造影(Computed Tomographic Angiography,CTA)是传统方法的替代方法,可以在不需要动脉插管的情况下进行。该测试将常规CT扫描与注射到静脉中的造影染料组合。一旦将染料注入静脉,其移行到脑动脉,并且用CT扫描产生图像。这些图像确切示出血液如何流入脑动脉。新的诊断形式承诺用较少侵入性成像补充经典和常规诊断研究,并且可能提供与动脉瘤病理相关的更准确的3维解剖信息。更好的成像,结合改进的最小侵入性治疗的发展,将使医师能够在问题出现之前越来越多地检测和治疗更隐性的动脉瘤。
已经尝试了几种有不同程度的成功的治疗动脉瘤的方法。例如,开颅术是血管外定位和处置动脉瘤的操作。这种操作具有显着的缺点。例如,由于外科医生必须切断多种组织以到达动脉瘤,所以患者在动脉瘤的区域中经历大量的创伤。在血管外治疗大脑动脉瘤时,举例而言,外科医生通常必须去除患者颅骨的一部分,并且还必须损伤脑组织以到达动脉瘤。因此,由于手术,患者中存在癫痫发展的可能性。
用于治疗动脉瘤的其它技术在血管内进行。这样的技术通常涉及试图在动脉瘤的囊内形成团块。通常,使用微导管进入动脉瘤。微导管的远端放置在动脉瘤的囊内,并且微导管用于将栓塞材料(embolic material)注射到动脉瘤的囊中。栓塞材料包括例如可脱式弹簧圈(detachable coils)或栓塞剂,例如液体聚合物。这些类型的栓塞材料的注射具有缺点,其中大部分与栓塞材料迁移出动脉瘤进入载瘤动脉(parent artery)有关。这可能导致载瘤动脉的永久性和不可逆的闭塞。
例如,当可脱式弹簧圈用于阻塞不具有界限清楚的颈部区域的动脉瘤时,可脱式弹簧圈可从动脉瘤的囊中迁移出来并进入载瘤动脉。此外,当布置可脱式弹簧圈时,有时很难准确地测量动脉瘤的囊有多满。因此,存在过度填充动脉瘤的风险,在这种情况下,可脱式弹簧圈也迸出到载瘤动脉中。
可脱式弹簧圈的另一个缺点涉及弹簧圈随着时间压紧。填充动脉瘤后,弹簧圈之间残留空间。来自循环的持续血液动力起作用从而压紧弹簧圈团块,造成动脉瘤颈部中的空腔。因此,动脉瘤可以再通。
栓塞剂迁移也是一个问题。例如,当液体聚合物注射到动脉瘤的囊中时,由于系统的血液动力学,液体聚合物可迁移出动脉瘤的囊。这也可导致母管的不可逆闭塞。
为了应对与栓塞材料迁移到母管相关的缺点已经尝试了多种技术。这样的技术是,但不限于,暂时的流动停滞和母管闭塞,并且通常涉及使动脉瘤近端的母管暂时闭塞,使得不发生血流通过母管,直到动脉瘤的囊中已形成血栓性团块。理论上,这有助于减少栓塞材料迁移出动脉瘤囊的趋势。然而,已经发现血栓性团块可通过血液的正常溶解而液化。此外,在某些情况下,从患者的风险/益处角度来看,即使是暂时地闭塞母管也是非常不期望的。因此,这种技术有时不能作为治疗选择。此外,现在已知即使闭塞母管也可能无法防止所有栓塞材料迁移到母管中。
用于治疗动脉瘤的另一种血管内技术涉及使用微导管将可脱式气囊(detachableballoon)插入动脉瘤的囊中。然后使用盐水和/或造影液使可脱式气囊膨胀。接着将气囊从微导管分离并留在动脉瘤的囊内,以试图填充动脉瘤的囊。然而,可脱式气囊也存在缺点,因此这种方法已经被展开弹簧圈或其它类型的闭塞装置的现有方法所取代。例如,可脱式气囊在充气时通常不符合动脉瘤囊的内部构造。相反,可脱式气囊需要动脉瘤囊符合可脱式气囊的外表面。因此,可脱式气囊将使动脉瘤的囊破裂的风险增加。此外,可脱式气囊可破裂并迁移出动脉瘤。
用于治疗动脉瘤的另一种血管内技术涉及具有两个可膨胀的叶和腰部,或者可膨胀的主体部分、颈部和基部的闭塞装置。
用于治疗动脉瘤的另一种血管内技术涉及用于血管内植入的闭塞装置,其具有设计成放射状填充和/或扩张到动脉瘤的囊内空间中的主体部分。
尽管这些闭塞装置可见于例如美国专利号5,025,060;5,928,260;6,168,622;6,221,086;6,334,048;6,419,686;6,506,204;6,605,102;6,589,256;6,780,196;7,044,134;7,093,527;7,128,736;7,152,605;7,229,461;7,410,482;7,597,704;7,695,488;8,034,061;8,142,456;8,261,648;8,361,138;8,430,012;8,454,633;和8,523,897;美国申请号2003/0195553;2004/0098027;2006/0167494;2007/0288083;2010/0069948;2011/0046658;2012/0283768;2012/0330341;和2013/0035712;欧洲申请号EP 1651117;以及国际申请号WO13/109309;但这些文献都未公开本文所公开的闭塞装置的实施方式。
因此,本发明在血管闭塞领域中提供了新的改进和多个优点,因为本文所公开的闭塞装置通过使用最少量的可完全取出的能够展开的材料而提供对动脉瘤,特别是对神经血管的动脉瘤的治疗和/或减轻。这样的特大闭塞装置的构造消除了对用于附于动脉瘤的颈部的额外材料的需要、和/或在与动脉瘤相邻的母管中的固定机构的需要、和/或使装置的体部球状、放射状扩展进入动脉瘤的囊的需要。
在此通过引用将本文所引述的和以上引用的专利文件中的所有文件和参考并入本文。
发明内容
本发明的发明人已经设计了闭塞装置,用于通过使用最少量的可完全取出的能够展开的低轮廓弹性网状材料来提供动脉瘤治疗和/或减轻,该弹性网状材料对于动脉瘤的直径是过大的。如此,具有比当前的标准装置少的材料的闭塞装置对抗凝治疗的需要最小化,和/或降低了可能较深地流入血管树从而诱发中风的凝栓形成的风险。该可植入闭塞装置还用于治疗血管闭塞和/或外周血管栓塞。
本文公开了一种用于囊内植入的闭塞装置,闭塞装置包括:(a)大致实体的标记部(solid marker),标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)低轮廓的弹性网状的体,其附接于标记部的末端,体具有递送形状和展开形状,展开形状能够顺应动脉瘤的壁;其中,体的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤的直径。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状体是单层网。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状体是双层或两层网。在进一步的实施方式中,双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状体的展开形状能够置于动脉瘤的顶的对面。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的标记部的基端能够封住动脉瘤的颈部。在进一步的实施方式中,标记部是不透射线的标记部,标记部是能够分离的连结部以使闭塞装置展开,标记部是能够附接的连结部以取出闭塞装置,标记部包括刚性构件,和/或标记部是实体环。
本文还公开了一种包括本文所公开的闭塞装置和用于使闭塞装置展开的递送部件的套件。
本文还公开了一种用于血管闭塞的可植入装置,其包括:(a)大致实体的标记部,标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)低轮廓的弹性网状的体,其附接于标记部的末端,体具有递送形状和展开形状,展开形状能够顺应血管的壁;其中,体的直径大于待治疗的血管的直径。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的体是单层网。
在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的体是双层或两层网。在进一步的实施方式中,双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
本文另外公开了一种用于血管闭塞的可植入装置,其包括:(a)大致实体的标记部,标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,其附接于标记部的末端,体具有递送形状和展开形状,展开形状能够顺应血管的壁;其中,体是包括周向折线的双层网。在另一实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状的体是低轮廓的弹性网状的体。
本文另外公开了一种闭塞装置,其包括:(a)大致实体的标记部,标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,其附接于标记部的末端,体具有递送形状和展开形状,展开形状能够顺应血管的壁或动脉瘤的壁;其中,体的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤或血管的直径;并且体的高度在体的宽度的大约10%-20%之间。
本文另外公开了用于制造和/或递送和/或展开本文所公开的闭塞装置的方法。
在其它实施方式中,前述段落中的闭塞装置可以包含前述或随后公开的实施方式中的任一实施方式。
该发明内容部分不意在以任何方式限定权利要求,也不意在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
通过以下附图、具体实施方式和权利要求,本发明的其它特征和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
图1A-图1B示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置(occlusion device)的实施方式的立体图。图1A示出了闭塞装置在自由空气中的直径(x)。图1B示出了闭塞装置在具有直径(y)的动脉瘤中被展开的截面图。
图2A-图2C示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置的递送和/或展开的实施方式的立体图。图2A示出了装置处于其递送形状。图2B示出了装置正在以如下方式展开:网状材料的压缩端以向外的方式开放。图2C示出了装置处于其展开形状。
图3A-图3B示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置的实施方式的立体图。图3A示出了具有周向折线和双层或两层的网状材料的闭塞装置的直径(x)。图3B示出了本文所公开的双层的闭塞装置被在具有直径(y)的动脉瘤中展开。
图4A-图4C示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置的递送和/或展开的实施方式的立体图。图4A示出了双层的闭塞装置处于其递送形状。图4B示出了双层的闭塞装置正在以如下方式展开:装置的压缩端以向外的方式开放。图4C示出了处于展开状态下的装置的双层/两层的网状材料的变平效果/宽度增大/直径增大。
图5A-图5B示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置的电解递送和/或展开和/或分离的实施方式的立体图。图5A示出了利用具有电解部件的导管和/或引导线对双层的闭塞装置的递送。图5B示出了芯线或引导线与闭塞装置的电解分离。
具体实施方式
在用相同附图标记指代相似元件的附图和说明中对本发明进行了说明。然而,虽然在附图中示出了特定的实施方式,但是不意在使本发明限于所公开的具体实施方式或多个实施方式。而是,本发明旨在覆盖所有变型、可替代的构造和落在本发明的主旨和范围内的等同。如此,附图意在是示例性的,而非限制性的。
除非另有限定,本文所使用的所有技术术语具有与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
图1-图5中描绘出本发明的示例性实施方式。
出于本发明的目的,术语“与……对应”是指彼此对应的物体之间存在功能和/或机械上的关系。例如,闭塞装置递送系统与闭塞装置对应(或兼容),用于使闭塞装置展开。
出于本发明的目的,非限制地,术语“闭塞装置”是指诸如“装置”或“闭塞装置系统”或“闭塞系统”或“系统”或“闭塞装置植入件”或“植入件”或“囊内植入件(intrasaccular implant)”等的术语,和/或可以与这些术语互换。
闭塞装置递送系统在本领域中是熟知且容易获得的。例如,非限制地,该递送技术可以在如下美国专利和公开中找到:4,991,602;5,067,489;6,833,003;2006/0167494;2007/0288083;各教导均并入本文。出于本发明的目的,可以以与本文所公开的闭塞装置相兼容(相对应)的方式应用和/或变型任意类型的闭塞装置递送部件和/或递送系统和/或递送技术和/或递送机构和/或分离(和/或附接)部件和/或分离系统和/或分离技术和/或分离机构。非限制地,示例性的闭塞装置递送机构和/或系统包括引导线、推送线、导管、微导管等。非限制地,示例性的闭塞装置分离机构包括流体压力、电解机构、液压机构、联锁机构等。在一个实施方式中,本文所公开的闭塞装置使用在电解分离的方法中。电解分离在本领域中是熟知的,并且能够在例如如下美国专利中找到:5,122,136;5,423,829;5,624,449;5,891,128;6,123,714;6,589,230;6,620,152。
图1A和图3A示出了本文所公开的用于在待治疗的动脉瘤10内的囊内(intrasaccular)植入的闭塞装置的实施方式。图1A和图3A还示出了该闭塞装置的弹性网状体14在“自由空气”中的直径(x)。如在本领域中被接受的,在自由空气中测量该闭塞装置的直径。因此,出于本发明的目的,在一个实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状体14相对于动脉瘤10是“过大的”,因此如图1A和图1B以及图3A和图3B所示,闭塞装置的弹性网状体14的直径(x)大于待治疗的动脉瘤10的直径(y)(即,φx>φy);即,直径(y)是待治疗的动脉瘤10的最大直径,或者是动脉瘤10的一个较大直径,只要网状体14是以如下方式过大即可:充分地封住动脉瘤10的颈部22,以触发动脉瘤10的凝块形成和/或治愈。本文所公开的闭塞装置的直径(x)的示例性范围是近似6毫米(mm)-30毫米(mm),待治疗的动脉瘤的示例性直径(y)小于x的值。例如,闭塞装置的直径(x)是7mm、11mm和/或14mm中的任一者。在一个实施方式中,大致实体的标记部16的末端34的位置附接在距弹性网状体14的相反端近似等距的位置。标记部16在囊内的弹性网状体14的该定位给予了本文所公开的闭塞装置的可完全取出性。
在另一实施方式中,诸如在期望血管闭塞的病理状态中,例如,在外周血管疾病中,本文所公开的闭塞装置相对于待治疗的任意血管均“过大”。在该示例中,闭塞装置的直径(x)大于待治疗的任意血管的直径(z),只要闭塞装置的体14能够顺应血管壁并促进凝块形成即可。
图1B和图3B示出了本文所公开的闭塞装置在待治疗的动脉瘤10内被展开的实施方式。图1B和图3B示出了该待治疗的动脉瘤10的直径(y),并且还示出了与动脉瘤10和其颈部22相邻的母管(parent vessel)12(和基底动脉)中的血流(箭头)。在一个实施方式中,闭塞装置的弹性网状体14在自由空气中且在被展开时是“低轮廓”构造。
出于本发明的目的,术语“低轮廓”是指在自由空气中弹性网状体14的高度32在其宽度的大约10%-大约20%之间,因此在弹性网状体14的展开形状下,弹性网状体14布置成以变平的方式冲向上贴靠动脉瘤10的壁,并且弹性网状体14被定位成至少覆盖动脉瘤10的下部20的内表面且封住动脉瘤10的颈部22。以这种方式,本文所公开的闭塞装置比本领域中容易获得的如下闭塞装置低和/或细长:扩展以填充动脉瘤10的顶(dome)的空间(相对于动脉瘤10中的主要空间完全地和/或部分地填充动脉瘤10的顶的空间),以及在径向上扩展和/或以球状方式扩展的闭塞装置。在一个实施方式中,在自由空气中弹性网状体14的高度32在其宽度的大约12%-大约18%之间。在另一实施方式中,在自由空气中弹性网状体14的高度32在其宽度的大约14%-大约16%之间。在另一实施方式中,在自由空气中弹性网状体14的高度32是其宽度的大约15%。在一个实施方式中,低轮廓的弹性网状体14的展开形状覆盖动脉瘤10的顶的内表面积的大约40%-大约80%。在另一实施方式中,低轮廓的弹性网状体14的展开形状覆盖动脉瘤10的顶的内表面积的大约50%-大约70%。在另一实施方式中,低轮廓的弹性网状体14的展开形状覆盖动脉瘤10的顶的内表面积的大约60%。
在另一实施方式中,体14的低轮廓的翼状式和/或开口式扩展构造是单层的弹性网状材料。在另一实施方式中,低轮廓的扩展构造是弹性网状材料的双层(或两层)24。如上所述,相比于待治疗的动脉瘤10,该弹性网状体14是“过大”的;因此,网状体14的直径(x)大于待治疗的动脉瘤10的直径(y)(即,大于待治疗的动脉瘤10的最大直径或一个较大直径,只要网状体14是以如下方式过大即可:充分地封住动脉瘤10的颈部22,以触发动脉瘤10的凝块形成和/或治愈)。弹性网状体14的低轮廓特征和过大特征给予弹性网状体14具有用于(利用体14抵靠动脉瘤10的壁的相反压力)顺应动脉瘤10的壁的内表面的能力,因此闭塞装置沿着动脉瘤10的壁仅在动脉瘤10的至少下部20中(即,以较小体积变平的方式)扩展,由此消除了对用于附于动脉瘤10的颈部22和/或固定在母管12内的材料的需要(由此使抗凝治疗的需要最小化)。以这种方式,翼展式和/或扩展式体14顺应动脉瘤10的内表面并置于动脉瘤10的顶的对面。该构造利于封住动脉瘤10的颈部22并因此利于动脉瘤10的凝块形成和/或治愈和/或收缩,如果动脉瘤10的尺寸或质量正在使患者产生疼痛或有其它副作用的话这是特别有利地。因为该构造需求最少量的弹性网状材料,由此消除了对以球状的在径向上扩展的方式填充或基本上填充动脉瘤10的顶中的空间的需要,所以该构造也是有利的。特别是由于熟知且普遍接受的是动脉瘤10不是完美的圆形,所以该闭塞装置良好地适于顺应宽泛范围的动脉瘤10的形态。因为本文所公开的具有“最少的”或比当前的标准装置少的材料的闭塞装置对抗凝治疗的需要最小化,和/或降低了可能较深地流入血管树从而诱发中风的凝栓形成(clot emboli formation)的风险,所以也是有利的。
在本文所公开的闭塞装置的另一实施方式中,低轮廓装置的弹性网状材料的单层或双层24包括相对均匀分布的丝网股线(wire mesh strand)或织带(braid),非限制地,诸如72股镍钛合金(NiTi)丝网股线编织构造。在其它实施方式中,闭塞装置包括范围从36股NiTi线编织构造至144股NiTi线编织构造的丝网股线或织带。
在另一实施方式中,如图3A-图3B和图4A-图4C所示,本文所公开的双层24的闭塞装置是将丝网周向(沿周向折线26)折叠并因此使丝网对折的构造。双层或对折层24的端与近似地位于装置的体14的芯处的标记部16相交。在这方面,装置通过如下方式构成:通过在优选的折线26沿周向折叠单层的丝材料,从而有效地得到包括丝网材料的双层24的闭塞装置,即网的双层24包括沿周向(沿周向折线26)折叠的单层网。在不希望受到理论约束的情况下,在动物研究中,该丝网材料的两层或双层24触发被认为有助于大幅增强装置的致血栓性的作用机理。认为将小体积的凝块定位在双/两层24之间利于使血栓核化和稳定化,该双/两层24具有贡献自丝网线的高表面积。在展开形状下,当与未展开的双层24的闭塞装置相比时,具有折返的双层24的体14较深,其原因是当在标记部16处施加压力时有近似15%的宽度改变,该宽度转化为装置的直径(x)增大。由于血液会对越过动脉瘤10的颈部22分布的网状体14施加压力,该宽度改变/直径(x)增大是展开的装置的有效固定特性。对于外周动脉或静脉闭塞,该构造还提供了装置的体14与动脉瘤10的壁或血管的壁充分地抵靠。基于迄今为止的动物研究,清楚的是,本文所公开的装置提供足够的网眼密度,以大幅地给予郁积。基于对后展开的装置的分析,进一步知晓是,丝网/织带分布维持相对均匀。
图1B和图4B还示出了标记部16在本发明的闭塞装置上的位置,标记部16具有基端36和末端34。标记部16的末端34附接于闭塞装置的弹性网状体14。标记部16的基端36被示出为以与桥类似的机理的方式跨过待治疗的动脉瘤10的颈部22支撑(rest),当与低轮廓的弹性网状体14的性能结合时,消除了包含用于附于动脉瘤10的颈部22和/或作为母管12内的固定件的额外材料的需要,并且有利地提供了装置的可完全取出性。
在一个实施方式中,本文所公开的闭塞装置的标记部16是大致实体的套圈(collar)或刚性构件,非限制地,诸如由于如下材料构成的实体环:非限制地,金、铂、不锈钢、和/或其组合等。在另一实施方式中,能够使用不透射线材料,非限制地,不透射线材料为诸如金、铂、铂/铱合金、和/或其组合等。在递送和放置期间,该标记部16提供装置的可视化。标记部16位于闭塞装置内,使得标记部16的基端36能够位于动脉瘤10的颈部22的上方。标记部16的实体性有助于给予装置在动脉瘤10内的稳定性,并且防止移动或通过弹性网状体14传递力,由此防止装置的错位或意外移动。标记部16还构造有连结部,用于与对应的递送部件配合以及与对应的递送部件分离/附接于对应的递送部件,非限制地,递送部件是诸如递送导管或引导线和/或推送线(pusher wire)18的技术等。还有利地提供了本文所公开的装置的可完全取出性。
在另一实施方式中,大致实体的标记部16包括不透射线材料(非限制地,诸如铂、金、铂/铱合金、和/或其组合等),以在递送、放置和/或展开期间利于闭塞装置在荧光检测下的可视化。标记部16包括基端36和末端34。弹性网状体14附接于末端34,标记部16的基端36可以被构造成在闭塞装置扩展时影响弹性网状体14的形状、直径和/或曲率。标记部16可以被设计成各种形状,以影响闭塞装置的整体轮廓,从而确保扩展/展开的闭塞装置在动脉瘤10的囊内的适当适配。
图2A-图2C和图4A-图4C示出了用于穿过与动脉瘤10相邻的动脉12和/或血管递送和/或展开本文所公开的闭塞装置的示例性部件。在一个实施方式中,如图2A和图4A所示,闭塞装置以低轮廓的体14被在其自身上向内封闭或压缩的方式以封闭压缩的形态(递送形状)经由推送线机构18递送。当装置被推入和/或放入动脉瘤10的囊时,低轮廓的弹性网状体14的端以花开的方式向外开放(如图2B和图4B所示),然后开放的体14顺应动脉瘤10的壁,从而允许标记部16跨过颈部22支撑,低轮廓的体14布置成以变平的方式(展开形状)扩开覆盖动脉瘤10的至少下部20,并且封住动脉瘤10的颈部20。在一个实施方式中,如图2C和图4C所示,装置示出了单层(图2C)或双层24(图4C)装置的变深和/或变平,其原因是当在标记部16处施加压力时装置的宽度改变且直径(x)增大。由于血液会对越过动脉瘤10的颈部22分布的体14施加压力,所以该宽度改变/直径(x)增大是展开的装置的有效固定特性。本文所提供的动物研究的结果支持的是,对于外周动脉或静脉闭塞,沿周向对折/双层24的构造提供了装置的网状体14与动脉瘤10的壁或血管充分地抵靠。
图5A-图5B示出了用于穿过与动脉瘤10相邻的动脉12和/或血管电解地递送和/或展开和/或分离本文所公开的闭塞装置的示例性部件。诸如美国专利5,122,136的电解分离部件(electrolytic detachment means)和方法在本领域中是熟知的。在一个实施方式中,导管(或微导管)的线圈缠绕式芯线(或引导线)28附接在标记部16内、在标记部16的末端34处附接于本文所公开的双层24的闭塞装置(如图5A所示)。线圈缠绕维持恒定的直径(φ),以便不影响递送导管、微导管或引导线的柔性或刚性。在特定实施方式中,FEP(氟化乙烯丙烯)热收缩管包围芯线的线圈缠绕部28。能够使用在医疗装置领域中的许多容易获得且熟知的附接技术来将芯线的末端附接在标记带16内和将芯线的末端附接于闭塞装置或植入物。非限制地,这些附接技术包括粘接剂、激光熔融、激光黏着(laser tack)、点焊、和/或连续焊接。在一个实施方式中,使用粘接剂来将芯线的末端附接在标记带16内。在进一步的实施方式中,粘接剂是环氧材料,该环氧材料通过热或UV(紫外线)照射的施加而固化或变硬。在更进一步的实施方式中,环氧物是诸如购自Epoxy Technology,Inc.,14Fortune Drive,Billerica,Mass的353ND-4等的热固化的双组分环氧物。该粘接剂或环氧材料将标记带内的芯线的连结部包封,从而提高芯线的机械稳定性。
在另一实施方式中,在装置展开之时和/或之后,线圈缠绕式芯线28以如下方式在芯线自身的电解分离部位(区域)30处与本文所公开的双层24的闭塞装置分离(如图5B所示):通过电解作用使芯线在标记带16的基部处分开和/或溶解。然后,该作用使双层24的闭塞装置释放至和/或放入待治疗的动脉瘤或血管中。
特定实施方式中,本文所公开的闭塞装置的低轮廓的弹性网状体14可填充有栓塞材料以促进动脉瘤10的凝固和闭合。
在其它实施方式中,本文所公开的大尺寸的闭塞装置可以进一步包括附加元件和/或构件,例如卷绕技术、框架弹簧圈、栓塞剂、另外的标记物、聚合物、吸收剂聚合物和/或其组合。
用于设计和/或制造闭塞装置的弹性的网状材料是容易获得的并且是相关领域的技术人员公知的。因此,弹性的网状材料的范围为各种可用材料,例如但不限于镍钛(镍钛合金(nitinol)或另外称为NiTi)、不锈钢、聚合物和/或其组合。示例性的已知生物医学聚合物家族包括但不限于聚合物,例如聚磷腈、聚酸酐、聚缩醛、聚(原酸酯)、聚磷酸酯、聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚交酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺和/或其组合。(参见,例如,J Polym Sci B PolymPhys.作者手稿;获自PMC,2012年6月15日)
在一个示例性实施方式中,弹性的网状材料由聚合物材料的编织股线(strand)形成,例如但不限于尼龙、聚丙烯或聚酯。聚合物股线可以填充有不透射线的材料,其允许治疗动脉瘤的医师荧光影像地观察装置在脉管系统内的位置。不透射线的填料优选包括三氧化铋、钨、二氧化钛或硫酸钡,或不透射线的染料如碘。弹性的网状材料可以由不透射线的材料的股线形成。不透射线的股线允许医师和/或放射科医师荧光影像地观察网的位置,而不使用填充的聚合物材料。这种不透射线的股线可以由例如但不限于金、铂、铂/铱合金和/或其组合的材料形成。在一个实施方式中,弹性的网状材料由10%-20%的铂芯NiTi构成。在另一实施方式中,弹性的网状材料由10%铂芯NiTi,15%铂芯NiTi或20%铂芯NiTi构成。10%铂芯NiTi结构足以在x射线下提供闭塞装置的重像。
这种构造的具有不透射线的芯和非不透射线的外层或外壳的组合线或复合线是容易获得的,并且在医疗装置和金属领域中是众所周知的,例如(拉制填充管)线、线缆或薄带(ribbon)。线是一种金属-金属复合材料,其构建为将两种或多种材料所需的物理和机械特性组合到单根线中。通过将更不透射线的,但更延性的材料放置在线的芯中,NiTi外层能够向所得复合线提供与100%NiTi线类似的机械性能。线可获自Wayne Metals Corp.,Fort Wayne,Ind.,U.S.A.。还参见例如由Schaffer在AdvancedMaterials&Processes,2002年10月,第51-54页中的标题为《生物相容性线》的杂志文章,其通过引用结合到本文中。
在弹性的网状材料由不透射线的金属股线形成的情况下,股线可以由聚合物涂层或挤出覆盖。不透射线的丝束(wire strands)上的涂层或挤出提供了荧光可视化,但也增加了股线对弯曲疲劳的抵抗力,并且还可以增加股线的润滑性。在一个实施方式中,聚合物涂层或挤出用倾向于抗凝的试剂例如肝素涂布或处理。这样的抗凝涂层是公知的。聚合物涂层或挤出可以是任何合适的可挤出聚合物,或者是可涂布成薄涂层的任何聚合物,例如或聚氨酯。
还在另一实施方式中,弹性的网状材料的股线使用金属和聚合物编织的股线二者形成。将金属股线与聚合物股线结合成织带改变了网的柔性特性。与展开和/或收缩仅包括金属网的股线的网部分所需的力相比,展开和/或收缩这种网部分所需的力显着减小。然而,用于荧光可视化的网的不透射线特性得以保留。形成这种装置的金属股线包括但不限于不锈钢、金、铂、铂/铱、镍钛合金和/或其组合。形成装置的聚合物股线可以包括尼龙、聚丙烯、聚酯、和/或其组合。此外,网状材料的聚合物股线可以用已知技术进行化学改性以使它们不透射线,例如但不限于通过使用金沉积到聚合物股线上,或通过使用离子束等离子体将适当的金属离子沉积到聚合物股线上。
弹性的网状材料还可以由不同直径和/或不同柔性的长丝或股线形成。通过改变聚合物股线的尺寸或柔性,网展开时的柔性特性也可以变化。通过改变柔性特性,弹性网状体14的展开和收缩构造可以变化或改变为大致任何期望的形状。
网不仅可以由聚合物股线或长丝与金属股线或长丝形成,而且可以使用不同聚合物材料的长丝形成。例如,具有不同柔性特性的不同聚合物材料可用于形成网。这改变了柔性特性,从而改变了网状体14在展开和收缩位置所得的构造。这样的生物医学聚合物是本领域中已知的和可获得的,并且可以衍生自聚合物家族,例如但不限于聚磷腈、聚酸酐、聚缩醛、聚(原酸酯)、聚磷酸酯、聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚交酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺和/或其组合。
适合在网状体14内使用的弹性的网状材料可以采用平织物片、针织片或激光切割丝网的形式。通常,材料应该包括两组或更多组大致平行的股线,其中一组平行股线相对于另一组平行股线处在45度和135度之间的倾角。在一些实施方式中,形成网状材料的两组平行股线大致彼此垂直。网状材料的倾角和一般结构可以优化以满足闭塞装置的性能需求。
在本发明中使用的金属织物的丝束应该由弹性的且可被热处理以大致设定期望的形状的材料形成。被认为适合于该目的的材料包括在闭塞装置领域中称为的钴系低热膨胀合金,可从Haynes International商购获得、商品名为的镍系高温高强度“超级合金”,由International Nickel以商品名出售的镍系可热处理合金,以及许多不同等级的不锈钢。在为线选择合适材料时的重要因素是,当经受预定的热处理时,线保持由成形表面引起的适当量的变形(或如下所述的形状记忆)。
满足这些条件的一类材料是所谓的形状记忆合金。这种合金倾向于具有温度引起的相变,这将导致材料具有优选的构造,其可以通过高于特定转变温度加热材料而固定,以引起材料的相变化。当合金冷却时,合金将“记住”它在热处理期间的形状,并且将倾向于呈现相同和/或类似的构造,除非被强制不这样呈现。
用于本发明的一种特定的形状记忆合金是镍钛合金,其为镍和钛的近似化学当量合金,其也可以包括其它少量的其它金属以实现所需的性能。NiTi合金例如镍钛合金,包括合适的组成和处理要求,是本领域公知的,并且这种合金不需要在此详细讨论。例如,美国专利号5,067,489和4,991,602(其教导通过引用并入本文)讨论了形状记忆NiTi合金在基于引导线的技术中的使用。这样的NiTi合金是优选的,至少部分是优选的,因为它们是可商购的,并且处理这种合金的了解要比其它已知的形状记忆合金更多。NiTi合金也非常有弹性。事实上,它们被称为“超弹性”或“假弹性”。这种弹性将有助于本文所公开的闭塞装置回到之前的展开构造,供其展开。
丝束可以包括所选材料的标准单丝,即,可以使用标准线库存。在一些实施方式中,可以使用72根丝束和/或72股股线的编织结构。在其它实施方式中,闭塞装置包括范围从36到144股NiTi股线编织构造的线网股线或织带。然而,如果需要的话,各个线束可以由以多个单个的丝线构成的“缆线(cables)”形成。例如,缆线中多个丝线围绕中心丝线螺旋缠绕的由丝形成的缆线是可商购的,并且可以购买具有0.003英寸或更小的外径的NiTi缆线。某些缆线的一个优点是它们倾向于比具有相同直径并由相同材料形成的单丝线更“柔软”。另外,使用缆线可以增加丝束的有效表面积,这将有助于促进血栓形成。
本文所公开的闭合装置构造为低轮廓弹性网状材料,其网孔密度足以按充当血管内的内皮细胞支架或者跨动脉瘤10的颈部22这样的方式起作用,从而将血流量减少约60%以触发动脉瘤10的凝块形成和/或愈合。出于本发明的目的,术语“网孔密度”是指网状体14的孔隙率水平或金属与开孔面积的比率。网孔密度涉及网的开口或孔的数量和尺寸,以及在开口或孔打开在递送和展开之间变化的情况下孔打开或关闭的程度。通常,弹性的网状材料的高网孔密度区域具有近似约40%以上的金属区域和约60%以下的开放区域。
在一些实施方式中,弹性网状体14可以由相同材料均匀地形成;然而这种材料可以具有不同的针织、缝编、织带和/或切割构造。
在其它实施方式中,本文所公开的可植入闭塞装置可用于例如在外周动脉或静脉病变和/或其治疗需要血管闭塞的任何相关病状的治疗和/或减轻中的外周血管栓塞的过程(本领域中公知的并且已知涉及关闭远离指定血管点的血流的过程)。
本发明的闭塞装置可以包括对于本领域技术人员来说在闭塞装置领域中显而易见的合理的设计参数、特征、修改、优点和变化。
实施例
动物用研究方案和调整由ISIS服务机构动物护理和使用委员会(InstitutionalAnimal Care and Use Committee,IACUC)审查和批准,并且程序在兽医监督下进行。
兔弹性蛋白酶动脉瘤模型是用于试验新的神经介入装置的广泛接受的和本领域公认的模型,并且已经是关于效力和与人体反应相似性的许多临床出版物的对象。(参见例如Altes等人,Creation of Saccular Aneurysms in the Rabbit:A Model Suitable forTesting Endovascular Devices.AJR 2000;174:349-354.)因此其容易被管理机构接受为适当的试验模型。该模型的凝血系统与人类的凝血系统非常相似。此外,该模型具有有利的解剖学方面,因为兔的颅外颈动脉的直径与人类的颅外颈动脉的直径非常相似。此外,弹性蛋白酶诱导的动脉瘤已显示出以与人类动脉瘤的组织学相似的方式表现。
实施例I
非可脱式闭塞装置批号30680、可脱式闭塞装置批号30676、动脉瘤尺寸4.5毫米(mm)(高)×2.5宽
5-F(5-法(French))护套放置在股动脉中,通过其将管腔0.035”,长度65厘米(cm)的5F Cordis导管和0.035”Terumo引导线通道推进到颈动脉中。
以动脉瘤颈部为标记,将非可脱式闭塞装置置于动脉瘤中,并且以定时间隔进行对比运行。装置展开后即刻观察到在动脉瘤中的良好位置,并且有一些流动的减慢。在展开后5分钟,在动脉瘤中观察到一些郁积。在展开后10分钟,观察到动脉瘤中的进一步停滞,并且将装置重置于更靠近动脉瘤颈部的位置。在展开后15分钟,观察到动脉瘤中的流动停滞。当从动脉瘤取出装置并给予肝素时,向动脉瘤的流动回到展开前状态。
然后将非可脱式闭塞装置移除,并使用0.014“引导线通道(Synchro2,Stryker)使7mm直径闭塞装置前进到0.027”内腔微导管(ExcelsiorXT27,Stryker)中。注意到导管中的装置的前进是平滑的,具有低摩擦。闭塞装置前进到动脉瘤的颈部并展开。进行定时血管造影术。展开后即刻观察到动脉瘤中流动的郁积。在展开后5分钟,观察到动脉瘤中的填充缺陷。在展开后10分钟,观察动脉瘤中的血栓。在展开后20分钟,5F导管移除。在完成该过程后,根据标准操作程序(Standard Operating Procedure,SOP)将动物安乐死。
实施例II
非可脱式闭塞装置批号30680、可脱式闭塞装置批号30676、动脉瘤尺寸10mm高×4mm宽×3mm颈部
进行与实施例1类似的程序,但将非可脱式装置放置到动脉瘤颈部中。在本实施例中,使用4F系统将装置引入5F护套中,并且注意到“踏上”导管的内毂导致装置捕获。放置装置并如前所述获得定时血管造影。展开后即刻观察到动脉瘤中一些流动减少。在展开后5分钟,在动脉瘤囊中观察到填充缺陷。在展开后10分钟,观察到填充缺陷的尺寸增加。
将该装置移除,血管造影显示动脉瘤中流动已经在返回到展开前状态,并且使用与之前相同的方法展开可植入(分离)装置。植入物最初需要一些力以从加载护套过渡到微导管中(可能是由于鞘与毂腔的相容性差),但是一旦插入,微导管就自由地前进。
注意到该装置尽管没有固定至分离机构也具有合理的展开控制。实现覆盖动脉瘤颈部的定位并且获得的定时血管造影运行。展开后即刻观察到动脉瘤的远端部分的血栓形成。在展开后5分钟,观察到动脉瘤囊的实际闭塞。在展开后10分钟,观察到动脉瘤囊的完全闭塞。在展开后15分钟,观察到装置标记远侧动脉瘤的闭塞。
在展开后5分钟的血管造影中,发现活化凝血时间(ACT)为正常的2倍。整个过程中动物的血压为正常(85/55,平均60-65mm hg)。装置在动物中的定位允许郁积,而不损害下面的颈动脉,因此活体动物将在研究后30天再次评估。
实施例III
可脱式装置批号30676、动脉瘤尺寸6.5mm×3.1mm宽×2.4mm颈部
该程序遵循与实施例II相同的方案,然而,在造影剂注射时,注意到主动脉已形成夹层。可以将装置展开到动脉瘤颈部中,并如前所述获得定时血管造影。
观察
这一系列血管造影证实本文所公开的闭塞装置的丝网织带构造足够致密,以减少动脉瘤中的血流量,导致动脉瘤囊中的血液郁积和血栓形成。这项研究,考虑到动物形态学的变异,实现对装置开发和其展开技术的理解和考虑。
所有的股骨穿刺均是用静脉摘取器通过股骨切口而进行。所使用的护套是5-F,并且特别地具有允许股骨血管膨胀而不损伤它的非常窄的尖端。导管的长度是一个问题,特别是在固定在丝线上的装置中。因此,在所有情况下,使用缩短/手动切割的导管。这意味着远端导管尖端相当尖锐和突起,导致类似于实施例III中的血管夹层的问题。尽管如此,这可以通过使用微护套来解决,闭塞装置的展开(通过大导向导管)是平滑的,并且对应于具有分离机构的装置的使用。
进行闭塞装置的操纵和展开控制,同时使装置的近端不透射线标记相对于导管尖端可视化。装置开发将需要纳入铂芯NiTi丝线的不透射线支撑,以帮助提高可见度。
动物研究中的闭塞装置的扩张是受限的(7mm)。装置开发将包括大于7mm的增加的直径。因此,这种装置已被设计为具有11mm和14mm的直径。即使如此,尽管7mm装置的扩展存在限制,但是所有展开都在动脉瘤中促进郁积,并且所有装置都易于高度精确操纵,特别是关于通过载瘤动脉和动脉瘤的颈部的引导,以及跨动脉瘤颈部放置在动脉瘤内。
已经说明了本发明的多个实施方式。在不超出本发明的范围和主旨的情况下,通过跟随在前述的详细说明和实施方式中陈述的参考,所要求保护的设备的合理的特征、变型、优点和设计变形对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。因此,其它实施方式落在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (25)
1.一种用于植入动脉瘤的囊内的闭塞装置,所述闭塞装置包括:(a)实体的标记部,所述标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,所述弹性网状的体在自由空气中的高度在其宽度的大约10%-大约20%之间,所述弹性网状的体附接于所述标记部的末端,所述弹性网状的体具有递送形状和展开形状,所述展开形状能够顺应动脉瘤的壁;其中,所述弹性网状的体的展开形状的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤的直径,并且所述闭塞装置的尺寸以如下方式设置:所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要,
其中,所述弹性网状的体是双层网,所述双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
2.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状的体的展开形状能够置于动脉瘤的顶的对面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对用于附于动脉瘤的颈部的额外材料的需要。
4.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部是不透射线的标记部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部是能够分离的连结部,以使所述闭塞装置展开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部是能够附接的连结部,以取出所述闭塞装置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部包括刚性构件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述标记部是实体环。
9.一种用于治疗和/或减轻动脉瘤的套件;所述套件包括
a.用于植入动脉瘤的囊内的闭塞装置,所述闭塞装置包括(i)实体的标记部,所述标记部具有基端和末端;和(ii)弹性网状的体,所述弹性网状的体在自由空气中的高度在其宽度的大约10%-大约20%之间,所述弹性网状的体附接于所述标记部的末端,所述弹性网状的体具有递送形状和展开形状,所述展开形状能够顺应动脉瘤的壁;其中,所述弹性网状的体的展开形状的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤的直径,并且所述闭塞装置的尺寸以如下方式设置:所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要;以及
b.与所述闭塞装置对应的递送系统或分离系统,
其中,所述弹性网状的体是双层网,所述双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
10.根据权利要求9所述的套件,其特征在于,所述递送系统是导管、引导线或推送线。
11.根据权利要求9所述的套件,其特征在于,所述递送系统是微导管。
12.根据权利要求9所述的套件,其特征在于,所述分离系统是电解分离系统。
13.一种用于血管闭塞的可植入装置,所述可植入装置包括:(a)实体的标记部,所述标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,所述弹性网状的体在自由空气中的高度在其宽度的大约10%-大约20%之间,所述弹性网状的体附接于所述标记部的末端,所述弹性网状的体具有递送形状和展开形状,所述展开形状能够顺应血管的壁;其中,所述弹性网状的体的展开形状的直径大于待治疗的血管的直径,并且所述可植入装置的尺寸以如下方式设置:所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要,
其中,所述弹性网状的体是双层网,所述双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
14.一种用于血管闭塞的可植入装置,所述可植入装置包括:(a)实体的标记部,所述标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,所述弹性网状的体附接于所述标记部的末端,所述弹性网状的体具有递送形状和展开形状,所述展开形状能够顺应血管的壁;并且所述可植入装置的尺寸以如下方式设置:所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要,
其中,所述弹性网状的体是双层网,所述双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
15.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状的体在自由空气中的高度在其宽度的大约10%-大约20%之间。
16.一种闭塞装置,所述闭塞装置包括:(a)实体的标记部,所述标记部具有基端和末端;和(b)弹性网状的体,所述弹性网状的体附接于所述标记部的末端,所述弹性网状的体具有递送形状和展开形状,所述展开形状能够顺应血管的壁或动脉瘤的壁;其中,所述弹性网状的体的展开形状的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤或血管的直径;并且,所述弹性网状的体的高度在其宽度的10%-20%之间,响应于在跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑的所述标记部处施加的血压,所述弹性网状的体被构造成直径和宽度增大,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要,
其中,所述弹性网状的体是双层网,所述双层网包括沿周向折叠的单层网。
17.根据权利要求16所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状的体的高度在所述弹性网状的体的宽度的12%-18%之间。
18.根据权利要求16所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状的体的高度在所述弹性网状的体的宽度的14%-16%之间。
19.根据权利要求16所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状的体的高度是所述弹性网状的体的宽度的大约15%。
20.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,所述标记部的基端跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑,从而消除了对用于附于动脉瘤的颈部的额外材料的需要。
21.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,双层的所述弹性网状的体的直径大于待治疗的动脉瘤的直径。
22.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,双层的所述弹性网状的体以向外的方式开放。
23.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,与未展开的双层的所述弹性网状的体相比,展开状态的双层的所述弹性网状的体呈现出变平效果,并且宽度增大。
24.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,双层的所述弹性网状的体被构造成将凝块形成定位在双层网之间。
25.根据权利要求14所述的可植入装置,其特征在于,响应于在跨过动脉瘤的颈部支撑的所述标记部处施加的血压,双层的所述弹性网状的体被构造成直径和宽度增大,从而消除了对在母管内的固定件的需要。
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