CN106421006B - 一种淫羊藿复方提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN106421006B CN106421006B CN201610789600.XA CN201610789600A CN106421006B CN 106421006 B CN106421006 B CN 106421006B CN 201610789600 A CN201610789600 A CN 201610789600A CN 106421006 B CN106421006 B CN 106421006B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种淫羊藿复方提取物及其制备方法，所述淫羊藿复方提取物中，包含淫羊藿、马齿苋、女贞子、金樱子和松针；淫羊藿苷含量在0.8％‑1.2％之间，槲皮素含量为0.08％‑0.10％，齐墩果酸为0.01％‑0.02％。本发明还提供了淫羊藿复方提取物的用途。淫羊藿复方提取物为天然中药提取物，具有抗菌消炎的功效，还能保护动物胃肠道粘膜，调节胃肠道功能，防治动物腹泻，保护呼吸道粘膜，预防动物呼吸道疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽用中药提取物技术领域，尤其是涉及是一种淫羊藿复方提取物的制备方法和用途。
背景技术
近年来，随着畜禽养殖集约化程度的不断提高，养殖密度日益增加，出现了以肠道、呼吸道为主要特征的疾病，包括肠道细菌感染引起的腹泻、肠道消化不良引起的营养性腹泻以及呼吸道疾病。养殖密度过大，养殖环境恶化、乱用药物、维生素缺乏、饲料酸败变质，以及营养成分的失衡和饲料中含有有毒物质等，都可能引起上述疾病。为了防治肠道、呼吸道疾病，人们一般采用不同种类的药物尤其是抗生素给动物饲用，这带来了抗生素耐药性加大、药物残留和对环境污染等一系列问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本申请人提供了一种淫羊藿复方提取物及其制备方法。本发明具有抗菌消炎的功效，还能保护动物胃肠道粘膜，调节胃肠道功能，保护呼吸道粘膜，预防动物呼吸道疾病。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种淫羊藿复方提取物，原料组分包含淫羊藿20-30份、马齿苋20-30份、女贞子10-20份、金樱子10-20份和松针10-20份；
所述淫羊藿复方提取物中，淫羊藿苷含量在0.8％-1.2％之间，槲皮素含量为0.08％-0.10％，齐墩果酸为0.01％-0.02％。
一种淫羊藿复方提取物的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
先用装有酶制剂底物的水溶液浸泡各原料组分，再用80-90℃热水回流提取2次，将提取液合并，双效浓缩后经大孔吸附树脂吸附过滤，喷雾干燥，即得。本发明提供的液相分析方法可以用于建立该提取物的指纹图谱，用于控制不同产地、批次药材制备的提取物的批次间差异。
所述酶制剂的种类为纤维素酶，酶制剂跟水的质量比例为5％-10％，浸泡时间为1-2小时。
所述喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度190-195℃，出风温度90-95℃，所用设备为高速离心喷雾干燥机。
所述提取物淫羊藿苷的液相分析方法为：色谱柱：C18柱，4.6×250mm，5um；流动相：甲醇:水:冰乙酸＝20:80:1(质量比)；检测波长：324nm。
所述提取物槲皮素与齐墩果酸的检测方法为：高效液相色谱法。
本发明有益的技术效果在于：
淫羊藿复方提取物既可以抗菌消炎，又可以还能保护动物胃肠道粘膜，调节胃肠道功能；保护呼吸道粘膜，预防动物呼吸道疾病，一举多得。
淫羊藿有效成分为淫羊藿甙；临床用于阳痿遗精，盘骨痿软，风湿痹痛，能够有效抑制葡萄球菌，抗衰老。对白色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较显著的抑制作用，对奈氏卡他球菌、肺炎双球菌、流感嗜血杆菌有轻度抑制作用。
马齿苋功能主治：清热解毒，散血消肿。治热痢脓血，热淋，血淋，带下，痈肿恶疮，丹毒，痕疬。用于湿热所致的腹泻、痢疾，常配黄连、木香。金樱子功效有抗菌消炎。
金樱子提取液可杀死金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌等，可用来治疗因金葡菌或大肠杆菌感染而致的疾病，止咳平喘，抗痉挛。中医认为，喘咳多由肺气上逆而致，金樱子味酸涩，能敛肺气，可止咳平喘。金樱子中含有抗平滑肌痉挛的成分，可防止胃肠及气管的痉挛。
松针不但含有大量生物黄酮类物质、前花青素，还富含叶绿素、多种维生素。松针提取物可用于扩张动脉血管，增加红血球携氧能力，促进血液循环，改善毛细血管的机能，提高免疫力。
女贞子，味甘苦、性凉，归肝肾经，具有滋补肝肾、益阴养血之功。女贞子内含熊果酸、甘露醇、葡萄糖、脂肪油等，有强心、利尿和保肝作用，能使因化疗引起的白细胞下降数量升高，并对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌有抑制作用。
本发明中淫羊藿苷来自于淫羊藿，槲皮素来自于淫羊藿、金樱子、松针，齐墩果酸来自于女贞子。淫羊藿苷具有广泛的生物学活性作用，可以改善免疫调节，增强机体免疫功能。淫羊藿苷对免疫系统功能的影响：肾虚病人T细胞数量、淋转率、抗体、抗原以及网状内皮系统吞噬功能低下，而经过淫羊藿等补肾药治疗均可提高。
槲皮素具有较好的祛痰、止咳作用，槲皮素能显著抑制促癌剂的作用、抑制离体恶性细胞的生长、抑制艾氏腹水癌细胞DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成。槲皮素有抑制血小板聚集和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的释放作用。槲皮素对ADP、凝血酶和血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导的血小板聚集均有明显抑制作用，其中对PAF的抑制作用最强，槲皮素也能明显抑制凝血酶诱导的兔血小板3H-5-HT释放。
齐墩果酸可促使大鼠残留肝脏的核分裂相数目明显增多，再生度高于对照组，提示具有促进细胞再生的作用。齐墩果酸具有肯定促进淋巴细胞增殖和动物巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发超敏反应的效应，并与白细胞介素2(IL-2)具有协同作用。
淫羊藿、马齿苋、女贞子等组分提取之前先用放有酶制剂底物的溶液浸泡，可加速有效成分的溶解和释放，提高得率10％以上。通过对淫羊藿、马齿苋、女贞子等组分进行浸泡、提取、浓缩、喷雾干燥，能得到具有保护动物胃肠道粘膜，调节胃肠道功能、保护呼吸道粘膜作用的提取物。
本方中淫羊藿作为君药，能够有效抑制葡萄球菌，抗衰老。对白色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较显著的抑制作用，对奈氏卡他球菌、肺炎双球菌、流感嗜血杆菌有轻度抑制作用。马齿苋和女贞子作为臣药，马齿苋清热解毒，散血消肿。治热痢脓血，用于湿热所致的腹泻、痢疾。松针为佐药，不但含有大量生物黄酮类物质、前花青素，还富含叶绿素、多种维生素。松针提取物可用于扩张动脉血管，增加红血球携氧能力，促进血液循环，改善毛细血管的机能，提高免疫力。金樱子为使药，功效抗菌消炎止咳平喘，抗痉挛。淫羊藿复方提取物为天然植物提取物，提取工艺先进，有效成分含量是普通粉碎散剂的20倍以上。能有效的抗菌抗病毒，提高机体免疫力和抗病力。
本发明所制得的提取物能发挥作用主要取决于五味中药的搭配，得到的淫羊藿复方提取物为天然植物提取物，提取工艺先进，有效成分含量是普通粉碎散剂的20倍以上。能有效的抗菌抗病毒，提高机体免疫力和抗病力。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和测试例，对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1：淫羊藿复方提取物改善仔猪肠道和呼吸道健康水平试验
淫羊藿复方提取物采用组分淫羊藿20份、马齿苋20份、女贞子10份、金樱子10份和松针10份。
先把以上药材用添加有5％纤维素酶的8倍量水溶液浸泡1h，再用80℃热水回流提取2次(第2次用6倍量水)，将提取液合并，双效浓缩后经大孔吸附树脂吸附过滤，喷雾干燥，喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度190℃，出风温度90℃，所用设备为高速离心喷雾干燥机。
所得淫羊藿复方提取物中，淫羊藿苷含量在0.8％，槲皮素含量为0.08％，齐墩果酸为0.01％。
所述提取物淫羊藿苷的液相分析方法为：色谱柱：C18柱，4.6×250mm，5um；流动相：甲醇:水:冰乙酸＝20:80:1(质量比)；检测波长：324nm。所述提取物槲皮素与齐墩果酸的检测方法为：高效液相色谱法。实施例2～3与此相同。
实验设计：
实验动物：200头25日龄断奶仔猪；
实验地点：四川某集团公司；
对照组：商品饲料(含抗生素)；
实验组：商品饲料+本实施例制备得到的淫羊藿复方提取物500g/T。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1
| 组别 | 试验组 | 对照组 |
| 数量(头) | 100 | 100 |
| 试验期(天) | 32 | 32 |
| 初重(kg) | 6.8 | 6.9 |
| 末重(kg) | 18.8 | 18.5 |
| 日增重(g) | 375 | 362.5 |
| 链球菌病(％) | 1 | 4 |
| 呼吸道病(％) | 0 | 0 |
| 腹泻率(％) | 0 | 5 |
| 死淘率(％) | 0 | 1 |
实施例2：淫羊藿复方提取物应用研究
淫羊藿复方提取物采用组分淫羊藿25份、马齿苋25份、女贞子15份、金樱子15份和松针15份。
先把以上药材用添加有8％纤维素酶的8倍量水溶液浸泡1h，再用85℃热水回流提取2次(第2次用6倍量水)，将提取液合并，双效浓缩后经大孔吸附树脂吸附过滤，喷雾干燥，喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度190℃，出风温度95℃，所用设备为高速离心喷雾干燥机。
所得淫羊藿复方提取物中，淫羊藿苷含量在1.0％，槲皮素含量为0.09％，齐墩果酸为0.015％。
实验设计：
试验时间：2013年4月26日～2013年6月26日。
试验地点：无锡养鸡场集团有限公司鸡场15号舍、22号舍
试验动物及分组：261日龄，试验组：8637只，对照组：5535只，
试验处理：对照组+300g/t淫羊藿复方提取物。
实验结果如表2所示。
表2
经济效益分析：
(1)产蛋率可提高3.44％，破损蛋降低0.2％，每只鸡可增加0.08斤蛋，按3.5元/斤计，增加5.11万元收益；
(2)月死淘率降低0.7％，按育成至120天每只30元成本计，一万只蛋鸡一年减少损失2.52万元。
(3)淫羊藿复方提取物成本投入，产蛋期一年消耗约400吨饲料，淫羊藿复方提取物每吨饲料添加300g，一年使用120kg，成本不高于1.2万元。
综上，5.11万+2.52万-1.2万＝6.43万元，一万只鸡一年可以多收益6.43万元。
实施例3：淫羊藿复方提取物应用研究
淫羊藿复方提取物采用组分淫羊藿30份、马齿苋30份、女贞子20份、金樱子20份和松针20份。
先把以上药材用添加有10％纤维素酶的8倍量水溶液浸泡1h，再用90℃热水回流提取2次(第2次用6倍量水)，将提取液合并，双效浓缩后经大孔吸附树脂吸附过滤，喷雾干燥，喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度195℃，出风温度95℃，所用设备为高速离心喷雾干燥机。
所得淫羊藿复方提取物中，淫羊藿苷含量在1.2％，槲皮素含量为0.10％，齐墩果酸为0.02％。
实验设计：
哺选择21日龄断奶、体重相近、体质健康、品种一致的仔猪80头，随机分成2个处理A组和B组，每组40头。试验各组对应见下表3。实验地点深圳比利美英伟公司实验猪场。
表3
| 实验分组 | 方案(/T配合料) |
| 抗生素组 | 妈咪妙奶粉+150g 50％吉他霉素+1200g 10％硫酸粘杆菌素+氧化锌 |
| 本发明组 | 妈咪妙粉料+淫羊藿复方提取物800g+氧化锌 |
(1)本发明对乳仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响如表4所示。
表4
(2)本发明对乳仔猪皮毛和粪便的影响如表5所示。
表5
Claims (4)
1.一种淫羊藿复方提取物，其特征在于：原料组分包含淫羊藿20-30份、马齿苋20-30份、女贞子10-20份、金樱子10-20份和松针10-20份；
所述淫羊藿复方提取物中，淫羊藿苷含量在0.8％-1.2％之间，槲皮素含量为0.08％-0.10％，齐墩果酸为0.01％-0.02％。
2.一种淫羊藿复方提取物的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤如下：
先用装有酶制剂底物的水溶液浸泡各原料组分，再用80-90℃热水回流提取2次，将提取液合并，双效浓缩后经大孔吸附树脂吸附过滤，喷雾干燥，即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述酶制剂的种类为纤维素酶，酶制剂跟水的质量比例为5％-10％，药材浸泡时间为1-2小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度190-195℃，出风温度90-95℃，所用设备为高速离心喷雾干燥机。
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