CN106352794A - Automatic detecting instrument for railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concentricity detection tool, in particular to an automatic detection instrument for rail vehicle wheel axle concentricity, comprising a frame, a wheel axial clamping mechanism, a wheel rotation driving mechanism, a wheel tread measuring head assembly and a wheel tread measuring head Component vertical displacement mechanism, wheel shaft neck position measuring head assembly and wheel shaft neck position measuring head assembly vertical displacement mechanism, and control unit; wherein wheel axial clamping mechanism, wheel rotation driving mechanism, wheel tread measuring head assembly The vertical displacement mechanism and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel axle neck position measuring head assembly are respectively installed on the frame, and the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the wheel axle neck position measuring head assembly are respectively installed on the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly and below the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly. The invention can quickly and accurately measure the concentricity of the wheel shaft of the vehicle, greatly improve the detection accuracy and efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and play an extremely important role in effectively improving the smoothness and stability of the bus operation.

Description

An automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles

technical field

The invention relates to a concentricity detection tool, in particular to an automatic detection instrument for rail vehicle wheel axle concentricity.

Background technique

In the actual production and use process, due to assembly, processing errors and eccentric wear of the wheel set during use, the center of the rolling circle of the wheel tread of the vehicle wheel set is not concentric with the center of the journal surface, resulting in the wheel set running at high speed. The impact and vibration between the rail surface and the rotation will have an adverse effect on the safety and stability of the vehicle operation, and the service life of the wheel set will be reduced.

With the rapid development of my country's rail transit system, in order to meet the development needs of new technologies, new materials, new devices and high-speed railways, and further unify the quality standards for railway passenger wheel set assembly, information management and maintenance, China Railway Corporation in 2014 In January, the "Rules for Assembly, Maintenance and Management of Railway Passenger Wheel Axles" were formulated and implemented. Article 3.7 (5) of the "Rules" stipulates that the distance difference between two points measured on the same line between the same wheel tread and the journal surface exceeds the limit, and the wheel should be repaired; 14.3.10.5 in the Table of Maintenance Limits for Axlebox Devices also clarifies the relevant technical standards for the distance difference between the same wheel tread and the journal surface: for vehicles with a running speed of no more than 120km/h, no more than 0.6mm; for vehicles with a running speed of no more than 140km For vehicles with a running speed of no more than 160km/h, no more than 0.5mm; for vehicles with a running speed of no more than 160km/h, no more than 0.4mm.

At present, in China, the detection of the concentricity of the wheel axle of the same wheel set, that is, the detection of the distance difference between the tread surface and the journal surface, is mainly carried out manually through the wheel circumference runout measurement table, which has few detection points, low detection efficiency, large data reading error, and high detection accuracy. Low.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a track with simple structure and practicality, which can quickly and accurately measure the concentricity of the vehicle wheel axle, greatly improve the detection accuracy and efficiency, and reduce the labor intensity of workers. Vehicle wheel axle concentricity automatic tester.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

Design an automatic detection instrument for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, including frame, wheel axial clamping mechanism, wheel rotation driving mechanism, wheel tread measuring head assembly and wheel tread measuring head assembly vertical displacement mechanism, wheel journal position measuring The vertical displacement mechanism of the head assembly and the wheel journal position measuring head assembly, and the control unit; wherein the wheel axial clamping mechanism, the wheel rotation driving mechanism, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the wheel journal position measuring head The vertical displacement mechanism of the components is respectively installed on the frame, and the wheel tread probe assembly and the wheel axle neck position probe assembly are respectively installed on the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement of the wheel axle neck position probe assembly. below the institution.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detection instrument for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, relative to the left and right wheelsets, the wheel axial clamping mechanism, the wheel rotation driving mechanism, the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the wheel tread measuring head assembly vertical displacement mechanism 1. There are two sets of wheel shaft neck position measuring head assembly and wheel shaft neck position measuring head assembly vertical displacement mechanism respectively, and they are symmetrically arranged left and right.

Preferably, the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles further includes two sets of push-out mechanisms for wheels after measurement, which are symmetrically arranged left and right with respect to the left and right wheel sets.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the push-out mechanism after the wheel measurement includes a push-out air/hydraulic cylinder, a push-out arm, a driving wheel and two support blocks at the front and back of the wheel set, wherein the push-out air/hydraulic cylinder passes through The backing plate is installed on the frame, the driving wheel is set on the push-out arm, the front end of the push-out arm is hinged with the Y-shaped joint set at the end of the piston rod of the push-out air/hydraulic cylinder, and the rear end of the push-out arm is articulated at the rear support block of the wheel set. rear side.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic tester for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the automatic tester also includes a host computer, a display and a voice prompt alarm.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the wheel axial clamping mechanism includes a clamping air/hydraulic cylinder, a clamping positioning block, a panel and a lower guide block, wherein the tail of the clamping air/hydraulic cylinder Fixed on the frame through the rear seat ear, the rear of the clamping air/hydraulic cylinder and the rear seat ear are hinged through the shaft and the eccentric sleeve, and the clamping air/hydraulic cylinder and the clamping positioning block are movable through the shaft and the bushing Hinged, the panel is arranged on the clamping positioning block, and the clamping positioning block is slidingly matched with the lower guide block provided at the bottom.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detection instrument for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the wheel rotation drive mechanism includes a drive motor and a reducer, a drive shaft, a bearing cap, a running wheel box, and the front and rear driving wheels and driven wheels, anti- Relying on the dead bearing, the drive shaft and the power output end of the reducer are connected through a coupling.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly respectively include a base plate, a linear guide rail, a servo motor and a motor Seat, screw nut transmission mechanism, wherein the bottom plate is installed on the frame through the body connection seat, the servo motor seat is installed on the bottom plate, the screw nut transmission mechanism includes ball screw, screw nut, screw rod front and rear support, screw nut seat And the nut bottom plate, the end of the ball screw is directly connected with the output shaft of the motor through a coupling, the front and rear support of the screw rod is installed on the bottom plate, and the nut bottom plate is installed on the linear guide rail.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the wheel tread probe assembly and the wheel journal position probe assembly respectively include a probe housing, a laser probe, a laser probe bracket, and a probe protective base plate , travel switch, proximity sensor, moving plate, spring and guide frame, in which the probe shell and laser probe bracket are installed on the probe protective base plate, the probe protective base plate is fixedly connected with the guide frame, the guide frame and the wheel tread probe assembly The vertical displacement mechanism and the linear guide rail contained in the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position measuring head assembly are slidingly matched and connected, the travel switch and the proximity sensor are installed on the guide frame, the spring is set on the proximity sensor, and the upper end of the spring is fixed on the guide On the frame, the lower end of the spring is equipped with the moving plate, and the protruding end of the moving plate is arranged opposite to the travel switch.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned automatic detector for wheel axle concentricity of rail vehicles, the control unit includes an electrical control unit and a pneumatic/hydraulic control unit, wherein the pneumatic/hydraulic control unit includes a pipeline, and the pipeline includes a main pipe connected through a tee The main pipeline is equipped with air/hydraulic oil filter and decompression auxiliary components, and the branch pipelines I and II are respectively equipped with replacement parts. to the control element.

The automatic detection principle of the rail vehicle axle concentricity automatic detector of the present invention is as follows:

The mathematical model of the principle of automatic detection of the wheel axle concentricity of the rail vehicle according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . k is the distance between a certain point on the wheel tread and two points on the same radial line of the journal surface. For example, there is no deviation between the rolling circle center of the wheel tread of the vehicle wheel set and the center of the journal surface, and the corresponding points along the circumferential direction are in the theoretical calculation , k ₁ =k ₂ =...=k _n , that is, the absolute difference of any k value P=|k _n -k _i |=0. However, due to assembly and machining errors and eccentric wear of the wheel set during use, the center of the wheel tread rolling circle of the vehicle wheel set is not concentric with the center of the journal surface, that is, P=|k _n -k _i |≠0, It will cause impact and vibration between the wheel pair and the rail surface when rotating at high speed, which will adversely affect the safety and stability of the vehicle operation, and the service life of the wheel pair will be reduced. According to the "Railway Passenger Wheel Axle Assembly Maintenance and Management Rules", according to the different running speeds of the vehicle, the maximum value of the absolute difference P of each point along the wheel circle must be within its allowable range. Through model calculation, it can be known that k+h ₁ +x ₁ =h ₂ +x ₂ , that is, k=h ₂ +x ₂ -(h ₁ +x ₁ ).

The invention realizes that the wheel set can be in an accurate measurement position after reaching the position to be measured through the axial clamping mechanism of the wheel, realizes the automatic rotation of the wheel through the wheel rotation driving mechanism, completes the data collection in the circumferential direction, and realizes the probe ( That is, the automatic positioning of the wheel tread probe and the journal position probe). The automatic positioning of the probe is divided into two directions: horizontal and vertical. Since the current gauge in my country is the international standard gauge, and the distance measurement within the wheel set is relatively fixed, the positioning in the horizontal direction is mainly based on the rolling circle of the wheel tread. benchmark. Vertical direction: Due to the different axle types of vehicles, there are new wheels, semi-wear wheels and wear wheels, the nominal diameter of the wheel set and the diameter of the journal surface are very different, and the laser distance measuring probe has the best The requirements of the detection distance, so the automatic adjustment and positioning in the vertical direction can be realized for different wheels.

The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are:

1. The wheel axial clamping mechanism of the present invention is mainly a wheel pair axial positioning device provided to ensure the accuracy of the measurement position after the wheel pair reaches the position to be measured; the wheel pair driving mechanism is used to drive the wheel pair on the detection platform Rotate slowly at a certain speed when in position; when measuring, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly are used to control the up and down position of the probe. There is a difference between the wheel diameter size and the shaft diameter size. In order to keep the probe at the best measurement height for each inspection and ensure the probe maintains the best measurement accuracy, it is necessary to precisely control the upper and lower heights of the probe. . Therefore, the present invention can meet the concentricity detection of various types of rail transit vehicle wheelsets, and further repair the wheelsets that do not meet the requirements of relevant technical parameters, which plays an extremely important role in effectively improving the smoothness and stability of passenger cars. .

2. The setting of the push-out mechanism after the wheel measurement of the present invention can quickly push the measured wheel set out of the testing station, thereby improving the efficiency of the wheel set testing operation and reducing the labor intensity of the operators. The setting of the host computer, the display and the voice prompt alarm is to display the data on the display after the data is collected and processed. When the calculation and detection results exceed the maximum limit, the voice prompts the alarm.

3. Further in the present invention, the wheel axial clamping mechanism can control the axial movement of the clamping positioning block by controlling the expansion and contraction of the clamping air/hydraulic cylinder piston rod, so that the clamping positioning blocks on both sides act on the wheels on both sides The outer side of the tread completes the axial positioning of the wheel set; after the wheel is measured, the push-out mechanism can control the extension of the piston rod of the push-out pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder, so that the push-out arm acts on the drive wheel to push the wheel out; thus, the structure is simple and the operation is convenient. Easy to implement.

4. Preferably in the present invention, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position measuring head assembly can use servo motors and screw nuts to drive the vertical movement of the measuring head, and by approaching Sensors, travel switches and other control components can further protect the position of the measuring head; the setting of the eccentric sleeve in the axial clamping mechanism of the wheel is to make the clamping air/hydraulic cylinder can be completely lowered, which can ensure the stability of the wheel tread. Effective clamping on the outside.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of automatic detection of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the automatic detector of rail vehicle axle concentricity of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of A-A shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the wheel axial clamping mechanism shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the wheel rotation driving mechanism shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the wheel tread probe assembly or the wheel journal position probe assembly shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the push-out mechanism after the wheel measurement shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic control of the present invention;

Serial number in the figure: h ₁ is the distance from sensor 1 to the rolling circle of the wheel set tread, h ₂ is the distance from sensor 2 to the journal surface of the axle, x ₁ is the distance from the reference plane of the mechanical frame to the probe of sensor 1, and x ₂ is the mechanical The distance from the frame reference plane to the probe of sensor 2;

1. Rack,

2. Wheel axial clamping mechanism,

2-1, clamping cylinder, 2-2, clamping positioning block, 2-3, panel, 2-4, lower guide block, 2-5, rear seat ear, 2-6, shaft, 2-7, eccentric Set, 2-8, bushing,

3. Wheel rotation drive mechanism,

3-1, drive motor, 3-2, cycloid reducer, 3-3, drive shaft, 3-4, bearing cover, 3-5, runner box, 3-6, driving wheel, 3-7 , passive wheel, 3-8, anti-dead bearing, 3-9, coupling,

41. The vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly, 42. The vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly,

4-1. Bottom plate, 4-2. Linear guide rail, 4-3. Servo motor, 4-4. Motor seat, 4-5. Body connection seat, 4-6. Ball screw, 4-7. Nut nut, 4-8, the front support of the screw rod, 4-9, the rear support of the screw rod, 4-10, the screw nut seat, 4-11, the screw nut bottom plate, 4-12, the coupling,

51. Wheel tread measuring head assembly, 52. Wheel journal position measuring head assembly,

5-1. Probe shell, 5-2. Laser probe, 5-3. Laser probe bracket, 5-4. Probe protective base plate, 5-5. Travel switch, 5-6. Proximity sensor, 5- 7, mobile plate, 5-8, spring, 5-9, guide frame,

6. Push out mechanism after wheel testing,

6-1, push out cylinder, 6-2, push out arm, 6-3, drive wheel, 6-4, wheel set front support block, 6-5, wheel set rear support block, 6-6, backing plate, 6- 7. Y-shaped joint, 6-8, rotating shaft,

7. Pneumatic control unit,

7-1, main pipe, 7-2, branch pipe Ⅰ, 7-3, branch pipe Ⅱ, 7-4, tee, 7-5, air filter, 7-6, filter decompression oil mist triple, 7-7, five-way small electromagnetic reversing valve, 7-8, pressure reducing valve,

8. Wheel set.

detailed description

The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments (taking the pneumatic control driving method as an example), but the following embodiments are only used to describe the present invention in detail, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In the following The instrument components involved in the examples are conventional instrument components unless otherwise specified.

Referring to Fig. 2-3, in the figure, the rail vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic detector of the present invention comprises a frame 1, a wheel axial clamping mechanism 2, a wheel rotation driving mechanism 3, a wheel tread measuring head assembly 51 and a wheel tread measuring head Component vertical displacement mechanism 41, wheel journal position measuring head assembly 52 and wheel journal position measuring head assembly vertical displacement mechanism 42, and the electrical control unit and pneumatic control unit 7 arranged on the side of the frame; wherein the wheel axial The clamping mechanism, the wheel rotation drive mechanism, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel axle neck position measuring head assembly are installed on the frame respectively, and the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the wheel axle neck position measuring The head assembly is respectively installed under the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position measuring head assembly.

With respect to the left and right wheel pairs 8, the wheel axial clamping mechanism, the wheel rotation driving mechanism, the wheel tread measuring head assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly, the wheel shaft neck position measuring head assembly and the wheel shaft neck There are two sets of vertical displacement mechanisms for the position measuring head assembly, and they are symmetrically arranged left and right. It also includes two sets of wheel push-out mechanisms 6 that are symmetrically arranged relative to the left and right wheels. In addition, the automatic detector also includes a computer host, a display and a voice prompt alarm (not shown in the figure).

Referring to Fig. 4, in the figure, the wheel axial clamping mechanism includes a clamping cylinder 2-1, a clamping positioning block 2-2, a panel 2-3 and a lower guide block 2-4, wherein the tail of the clamping cylinder passes through The seat ear 2-5 is fixed on the frame, the rear part of the clamping cylinder and the rear seat ear are articulated through the shaft 2-6 and the eccentric sleeve 2-7, and the clamping cylinder and the clamping positioning block are passed through the shaft and the bushing 2-8 active hinge, the panel is set on the clamping positioning block, and the clamping positioning block is slidingly matched with the lower guide block set at the bottom.

In specific use, the wheel axial clamping mechanism is mainly a wheel set axial positioning device provided to ensure the accuracy of the measurement position after the wheel set reaches the position to be measured. Two sets of clamping devices are respectively arranged on both sides of the wheel set. The wheel axial clamping mechanism mainly controls the axial movement of the clamping positioning block by controlling the expansion and contraction of the clamping cylinder piston rod, so that the clamping positioning blocks on both sides act on the outer sides of the wheel treads on both sides to complete the axle of the wheel set. orientation.

Referring to Fig. 5, among the figure, described wheel rotation drive mechanism comprises drive motor 3-1 and cycloidal pin reducer 3-2, drive shaft 3-3, bearing cover 3-4, runner box 3-5 and front and rear The set driving wheel 3-6, driven wheel 3-7, and anti-dead bearing 3-8, wherein the drive shaft is connected with the power output end of the speed reducer through a shaft coupling 3-9.

In specific use, the wheel rotation drive mechanism is used to drive the wheel pair to rotate at a constant speed at the detection platform. Since the detection of the concentricity of the wheel set needs to collect the relevant data of the wheel tread and the journal surface, it is necessary to drive the wheel set to rotate slowly at a certain speed during the specific detection.

Referring to Fig. 6, in the figure, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly respectively include a base plate 4-1, a linear guide rail 4-2, a servo motor 4-3 and Motor base 4-4, screw nut transmission mechanism, wherein the base plate is installed on the frame through the body connecting seat 4-5, the servo motor base is installed on the base plate, and the screw screw nut transmission mechanism includes ball screw 4-6, wire Female 4-7, screw rod front and rear supports 4-8, 4-9, screw female seat 4-10 and screw female bottom plate 4-11, the end of the screw rod is directly connected with the output shaft of the motor through a coupling 4-12, and the screw The front and rear support of the rod is installed on the base plate, and the screw base plate is installed on the linear guide rail.

During specific use, the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly are used to control the up and down positions of the probe. Since the wheel diameter and axle diameter of the vehicle wheel set are different during maintenance, in order to keep the probe at the best measurement height for each inspection and ensure the best measurement accuracy of the probe, it is necessary to The up and down height of the head is precisely controlled.

Referring to Fig. 7, in the figure, the wheel tread probe assembly and the wheel journal position probe assembly respectively include a probe housing 5-1, a laser probe 5-2, a laser probe bracket 5-3, and a probe protection Bottom plate 5-4, travel switch 5-5, proximity sensor 5-6, moving plate 5-7, spring 5-8 and guide frame 5-9, wherein the probe shell and laser probe bracket are installed on the probe protective base plate , the protective bottom plate of the probe is fixedly connected with the guide frame, the guide frame is connected with the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the linear guide rail 4-2 contained in the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly, and the travel switch, The proximity sensor is installed on the guide frame, the spring is sleeved on the proximity sensor, and the upper end of the spring is fixed on the guide frame, and the moving plate is installed on the lower end of the spring, and the protruding end of the moving plate is opposite to the travel switch.

In specific use, the wheel tread and the journal position use Keyence IL-S065 high-precision laser ranging sensor as the measuring head, which is used to measure the distance from the measuring head to the wheel tread and the journal surface respectively, and use this to detect The concentricity between the rolling circle of the wheel tread of two wheels on the same wheel set and the circumferential surface of the journal.

Referring to Fig. 8, in the figure, the described wheel push-out mechanism includes a push-out cylinder 6-1, a push-out arm 6-2, a drive wheel 6-3 and two support blocks 6-4, 6-5 at the front and back of the wheel set, wherein the push-out The cylinder is installed on the frame through the backing plate 6-6, the driving wheel is arranged on the ejection arm, the front end of the ejection arm is hinged with the Y-shaped joint 6-7 set at the end of the piston rod of the ejection cylinder, and the rear end of the ejection arm passes through the rotating shaft 6-7. 8 movable hinges are on the rear side of the rear support block of the wheelset.

During specific use, the push-out mechanism after the wheel measurement is mainly provided for quickly pushing the measured wheel set out of the testing station, improving the efficiency of the wheel set testing operation, and reducing the labor intensity of the operators. That is, mainly by controlling the extension of the cylinder piston rod, the ejection arm acts on the drive wheel to release the wheel.

Referring to Fig. 9, the automatic tester also includes a pneumatic control unit, and the pneumatic control unit includes a pipeline, wherein the pipeline includes a main pipeline 7-1 connected through a tee 7-4, and the clamping cylinder 2-1 and the ejection cylinder 6-1 The branch pipelines Ⅰ7-2 and Ⅱ7-3 are respectively connected. The main pipeline is equipped with an air filter 7-5 and a triple piece 7-6 for filtering and depressurizing oil mist. Through small-sized electromagnetic reversing valve 7-7 and pressure reducing valve 7-8.

When the present invention is specifically used, because it mainly includes a frame, a wheel axial clamping mechanism, a wheel rotation drive mechanism, a wheel measuring push-out mechanism, a vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread measuring head assembly, and a vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position measuring head assembly. Displacement mechanism, wheel tread probe assembly, wheel shaft neck position probe assembly, etc. Among them, the wheel axial clamping mechanism is mainly used for the axial positioning of the wheel set; the wheel rotation drive mechanism is mainly used for the drive of the wheel set, and the wheel set rotates at a certain speed; The detection position of the push-out; the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel tread probe assembly and the vertical displacement mechanism of the wheel journal position probe assembly are mainly driven by a servo motor and a screw, and realized by a control mechanism such as a proximity sensor and a travel switch. Protection of the distance measuring sensor; the wheel tread measuring head and the journal position measuring head mainly use high-precision laser distance measuring sensors to complete the size measurement from the measuring head to the wheel tread and the journal cylinder. On the side of the body, an equipment control cabinet containing an electrical control unit and external equipment can be installed, including an electrical control box, a pneumatic control box, an industrial control host, a display, a printer, etc., to realize automatic positioning, automatic distance measurement, and measurement data collection of the laser ranging sensor. Automatic collection, automatic processing, automatic filtering of interference data, data storage and other processing to complete the automatic measurement of wheel set concentricity. In this way, from manual detection to fully automatic detection, from direct contact detection to non-contact detection, automatic collection, automatic processing, automatic storage, printing and output of detection data are realized, which significantly improves work efficiency and reduces worker labor. The strength effectively improves the detection efficiency and detection accuracy, and solves a production problem for the enterprise.

Moreover, the present invention can meet the concentricity detection of various types of rail transit vehicle wheelsets, and further repair the wheelsets that do not meet the requirements of relevant technical parameters, which plays an extremely important role in effectively improving the smoothness and stability of passenger cars. .

The type selection of the measuring probe of the present invention: Keyence’s high-precision non-contact laser displacement sensor IL-S065 is used for distance measurement, with a repeatable measurement accuracy of 2 μm and a linearity of ±0.075% F.S.

The computer host and monitor are used for terminal display: Visual studio2010 editing interface is used for display, the screen displays various setting modes, the serial port selects the channel, the X-Y coordinates display the measurement distance in real time, and record and save the measurement results. The switching power supply adopts pulse width modulation (PWM) switching technology design, and adopts low power consumption circuit design to ensure the stability and high efficiency of the power supply. The input voltage range is wide. Wide range of input voltage 220V: 175V ~ 265V and another 110V or 220 switch, the efficiency is as high as 83%. This switching power supply has high temperature protection, overvoltage protection, short circuit protection, overload protection and other functions.

Data collection: Automatic collection of measurement data and selection of collection timing. The detection frequency and period are determined according to the rotation speed of the wheel shaft.

Data processing: It is planned to use 8-bit single-chip microcomputer to process the data collected by the sensor through logical operation, control the working state of the sensor, determine the detection frequency and period according to the rotation speed of the wheel shaft, and send the processed data to the host computer for display. The calculated detection result exceeds the maximum voice prompt alarm.

The automatic processing of data and the automatic screening of interference data are realized through the corresponding software, and the processed data is sent to the host computer for display, storage, printing and retrieval. And the detection results (exceeding the standard position and measurement data) that exceed the normal use standard can be given voice alarm prompts and color identification.

The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, those skilled in the art can understand that each specific parameter in the above embodiments can also be changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. A number of specific embodiments are formed, such as replacing the air cylinder with a hydraulic cylinder, replacing the pneumatic control unit with a hydraulic control unit, etc., which are common variation ranges of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester, is characterized in that: includes frame, wheel axial direction clamp system, car Wheel rotary drive mechanism, wheel tread gauge head assembly and wheel tread gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism, wheel collar position are surveyed Head assembly and wheel collar position gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism, and control unit；Wherein wheel axial direction clamp system, car Wheel rotary drive mechanism, wheel tread gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism and wheel collar position gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism It is separately mounted in frame, wheel tread gauge head assembly and wheel collar position gauge head assembly are separately mounted to wheel tread gauge head Assembly vertical displacement mechanism and the lower section of wheel collar position gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism.

2. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 1, is characterized in that: with respect to left and right wheels, Described wheel axial direction clamp system, wheel rotary drive mechanism, wheel tread gauge head assembly and wheel tread gauge head assembly are vertical Displacement mechanism, wheel collar position gauge head assembly and wheel collar position gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism have two sets respectively, and It is symmetrical set.

3. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 2, is characterized in that: also include with respect to a left side Right wheel, ejecting mechanism after two sets of wheels surveys of symmetrical setting.

4. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 3, is characterized in that: pusher surveyed by described wheel Go out mechanism to include releasing pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder, pushing arm, driving wheel and wheel to former and later two support blocks, wherein release pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder and lead to Cross backing plate to be arranged in frame, on pushing arm, pushing arm front end connects driving wheel with releasing y shape set by cylinder piston rod end Head is hinged, and the back end activity of pushing arm is hinged on the rear side to aft support block for the wheel.

5. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 4, is characterized in that: this automatic tester is also Including main frame and display and voice prompt alarm.

6. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described wheel axially presss from both sides Tight mechanism includes clamping pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder, clamping and positioning block, panel and lower guide pad, after wherein clamping pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder afterbody passes through Seat ear is fixed in frame, is movably hinged by axle and eccentric bushing between clamping pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder afterbody and back seat ear, and clamping gas/ Be movably hinged by axle and bushing between hydraulic cylinder and clamping and positioning block, panel is located in clamping and positioning block, clamping and positioning block with Lower guide pad shiding matching set by bottom connects.

7. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described wheel rotation is driven Motivation structure include motor and reductor, drive shaft, bearing cap, runner casing and drivewheel set in front and back and follower, Prevent holding by solid axle, wherein drive shaft is connected by shaft coupling with reductor clutch end.

8. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described wheel tread is surveyed Head assembly vertical displacement mechanism and wheel collar position gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism include base plate, line slideway respectively, watch Take motor and motor cabinet, screw mandrel screw drive mechanism, wherein base plate passes through on body connection seat installation frame, and servo motor seat is pacified Be contained on base plate, screw mandrel screw drive mechanism include ball screw, screw, support before and after screw mandrel, nut seat and screw base plate, rolling Ballscrew end and servo motor output shaft are direct-connected by shaft coupling, support and be arranged on base plate before and after screw mandrel, and screw base plate is pacified It is contained on line slideway.

9. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described wheel tread is surveyed Head assembly and wheel collar position gauge head assembly include gauge head shell, laser feeler and laser feeler support, gauge head protection respectively Base plate, travel switch, proximity transducer, movable plate, spring and leading truck, wherein gauge head shell and laser feeler support are arranged on On gauge head protection base plate, gauge head protection base plate is fixedly connected with leading truck, leading truck and wheel tread gauge head assembly vertical displacement Mechanism and line slideway shiding matching contained by the gauge head assembly vertical displacement mechanism of wheel collar position connect, travel switch, close Sensor is arranged on leading truck, and spring is sleeved on proximity transducer, and the upper end of spring is fixed on leading truck, spring Lower end is provided with described movable plate, and on movable plate, external part and travel switch are just to setting.

10. railway vehicle wheel shaft concentricity automatic tester according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described control unit Including electric control unit and pneumatic/hydraulic control unit, wherein pneumatic/hydraulic control unit includes pipeline, wherein pipeline bag Include the main line being connected by threeway and clamping pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder and release the bye-pass that is connected respectively of pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder and, Main line is provided with air/hydraulic oil filtering decompression auxiliary element, bye-pass and on be respectively equipped with commutation control element.