CN1063370A - A kind of Roman character spelling of Chinese characters and suitable input equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention of a kind of Roman character spelling of Chinese characters and suitable input equipment.Invention proposes to belong to according to the literal sense of the Chinese phonetic alphabet and Chinese character with Roman character spells existing Chinese character, obtains the Roman capitals of Chinese, and the Roman capitals of usefulness Chinese are as the coding of Chinese character.Utilize present most of people all can the Chinese phonetic alphabet and the Roman capitals of Chinese to these two characteristics of uniqueness of Chinese character, a kind of Chinese-character keyboard input method that need not encode is provided.The ISN of Chinese character and the unification of encode Chinese characters for computer have been realized.Simultaneously, the Roman capitals of Chinese also are a kind of alphabetic writings towards Modern Chinese.

Description

A kind of Roman character spelling of Chinese characters and suitable input equipment

The invention belongs to usefulness " Roman capitals of Chinese " and represent Chinese character.The Chinese character information that is used for handling changes the information that computing machine can be handled that becomes into, particularly changes Roman character information into.

The present invention relates to the Roman character spelling of encode Chinese characters for computer, Chinese character, the alphabetizing fields such as (reform of a writing systems) of Chinese.

For the ease of discussing, at first analyze relevant notion.

Literal is the mark of record instruction.The Roman capitals of Chinese then are a kind of literal that writes down the han nationality language.This literal is based on a kind of alphabetic writing of standard Chinese, is to spell with 26 Roman characters (the just Latin alphabet, letter word, English letter etc.).Therefore, the Roman capitals of Chinese are about Chinese.

The Roman character spelling of Chinese character, the method for the Chinese characters that had existed already with Roman character spelling (or expression) exactly.Here how to spell the pictographic Chinese characters (as simplified lishu Chinese character, traditional font lishu Chinese character, seal character literary composition, the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, inscription on ancient bronze objects etc.) that (or expression) existed already emphatically with Roman character.The Roman character spelling of Chinese character is about Chinese character.

Hanzi coding scheme is to compile one " sign indicating number " so that the method for input machine (computing machine, computer typewriter etc.) for each Chinese character according to the feature of Chinese character.This " sign indicating number " both can be the Roman character key of keyboard, also can be with other keys or alpha-numeric keys.

We know the both available assumed name spelling of Japanese (expression), also can spell (expression) with Chinese character and Roman character.And Chinese character does not have its corresponding Roman character spelling at present.China not about Chinese character how with the regulation of Roman character spelling.

In history, Chinese character once had forms such as inscription on ancient bronze objects, the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, seal character literary composition, traditional font lishu and simplified lishu, but the form of Roman capitals is never arranged.

Now, about Chinese name, China's regulation is spelt with " Chinese phonetic alphabet ".In regulation, do not mention tone problem for former always, to last the 5th for " Chinese name can be omitted tone mark in external file books and periodicals ", thereby we infer in " Chinese phonetic alphabet " this notion and comprise circumflex.Do not mention e and e in the regulation, the differentiation problem of ü and u.

About Chinese place name, China's regulation is spelt with " Chinese phonetic alphabet ".Wherein the 9th is " special circumstances can not marked accent ".Wherein the 19th is " each business department ... can flexiblely handle ".Do not mention ê and e in the regulation, the differentiation problem of ü and u.

About the books and magazines in Chinese title, State Bureau of Standardization regulation is not mentioned the problem of tone with " Chinese phonetic alphabet " spelling, but for example in omitted tone mark.Do not mention ê and e in the regulation, the differentiation problem of ü and u.

The rules that propose " Roman character spelling " this indignant thought have only one at present, and " Roman character spelling and code that each Praenomen of China claims " exactly is in harmonious proportion the problems such as spelling of Chinese character but wherein do not mention Chinese spelling pronunciation.The Russ(Russians, Uzbek(Uzbek wherein)) or the like in fact spelling obviously be not Chinese or Chinese character.So these rules neither be about " the Roman character spelling of Chinese character ".

" Chinese phonetic alphabet " that wears circumflex on the head is not international and the international standard letter.Roman character is only international and the international standard letter.That is to say abroad people's not so-called " Chinese phonetic alphabet " at hand.Domestic word processing machinery equipment also is to design according to an international practice or directly import, does not also have so-called " Chinese phonetic alphabet ".In addition, some printing houses had both made such type matrix, did not also adopt, and did not have the standard of accent mark Roman character and select for use, when particularly printing ask for something product external packaging attractive in appearance.Perhaps it is believed that circumflex is added on the Roman capitals female, nondescript, influence attractive in appearance.So when specifically carrying out above rules, each Xingqi thing has developed into an off the record convention (we are called Chinese phonetic alphabet convention).This convention is exactly that " Chinese phonetic alphabet " removed circumflex, and ê, e are regardless of, and all make e, and ü, u are regardless of, and all make u.Just, completely remove the regulation of non-Roman character in " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet ".

Because ü is used as u, we do not know how to distinguish " Lu You " comrade and " Lv You " comrade; Owing to save circumflex, we do not know how to distinguish " Shanxi " and " Shaanxi ", or the like.The English of China official " China Daily " is especially " Shanxi " writing shanxi, and " Shaanxi " writing shaanxi.If complainant not in advance, " Shaanxi " can be read as and be " husky Anxi ".Here be not to scold " China Daily " arbitrarily " accommodation ", they have no idea really.Because the syllable in " Shanxi " and " Shaanxi " is identical, all be " shanxi ", must try every possible means to distinguish? if they change printing equipment, on letter, add circumflex, will become a kind of nondescript thing, influence the international issuing of newspaper.

" open " and " chapter ", " Peng " and " roc ", syllable is all identical with tone, is referred to as phonetically similar word.Even by " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet ", we also can't distinguish " comrade Zhang San " and " chapter three comrades ", " comrade Peng Peng " and " comrade Peng Peng " fully.

International community and international organization also press for the Roman character spelling of Chinese character.International organizations such as ISO (International Standards Organization) documentation technical committee for standardization (TCST) are compelled against one's will.Spell Chinese character with reference to China about the way (being Chinese phonetic alphabet convention) of place name and people's name.This means nearly 10,000 Chinese characters, only (for example with 405 " Chinese phonetic alphabet conventions ", the different Chinese character identical with " one " word syllable reaches more than 106, uses two Roman characters " yi " expression without exception) be stored in the international literature storehouse, this can't but be the Hans' a loss greatly.If the Hans will utilize it, just " Chinese phonetic alphabet convention " of the dull meaning of failing to understand that obtains can only be read aloud the meaning that could know from experience wherein, again because there is not circumflex, so, sound that resembling foreigner's negative and positive that speak standard Chinese pronunciation blames accent.

In Chinese character telecommunication business, Chinese character is spelt with arabic numeral, has only professional or computer just can be translated into Chinese character.This has had a strong impact on popularizing of telegram transmission speed and telegram.Why not design a kind of telegraph code of practicality, allow the people's (being equivalent to primary school's three senior class levels) who learned the Chinese phonetic alphabet, just can oneself decipher through one or two minute indication? like this, each township, even each village, can even each city unit, even everyone oneself use transceiver?

These arabic numeral of present Chinese character telegram code are considered as password in some country, forbidden to enter public telecommunication system, so Chinese character telegraph can't enter the international wire network at present.The country that had both made allows, and other does not have the Chinese character decoder yet! A Britain reporter and a Japanese reporter can distribute new dispatchs with their mother tongue to their news agency with local telex machine Anywhere exactly in the world, and under equal conditions, it can only be strange " Chinese phonetic alphabet conventions " of transferring of negative and positive that the reporter of the Xinhua News Agency beams back what come, must edit guess that word just can become Chinese character.

Chinese navigation comes communication with Chinese phonetic alphabet convention at present, because they do not have the postman, does not also have the Chinese character decoder.If the Chinese character decoder is really arranged on every ship, they translate with when after, probably ship has bumped against.They can't distinguish " banana " and " rubber " at present, and " teacher " and " mayor " more can't distinguish " oil " and " edible oil ", " cockroach " and " opening the youth ", " Zhang Yu " and " octopus ".

Because Chinese character does not have the spelling of standard utility, the sequencing problem of Chinese character never solves.If press stroke number ordering, to bypass each one technique of writing difference of writing and do not talk, the word of identical stroke number just can't sort, and does not meet international practice.If by " Chinese phonetic alphabet " rank order, " opening " and " chapter " also can't sort.This problem is related to processing, Hans' personnel management of mechanical treatment, the Chinese character documents and materials of Chinese character etc.Even how the payroll of a unit is arranged all, and example becomes stubborn problem.If randomize, inquiry are just very difficult.

Social word use again.Be full of us and live on the commodity and packing in each corner, more or less all have in " ocean literary composition ".Carefully look at, resemble the Chinese phonetic alphabet (being Chinese phonetic alphabet convention in fact) and read one time earlier, find that tune is not right, do it again, be originally the Chinese phonetic alphabet syllable of trade mark or trade name! Country sent out several " ... some regulations " strict by " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " execution, but people still do not mark tone mark, and ê, e are regardless of, and ü, u are regardless of.In fact, manufacturer is for as the Japanese, replaces block character (being the Roman character spelling of Chinese character) with the Roman character of international popular, rather than resemble primary school book strict by " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " to the phonetic annotation of Chinese characters.Along with the international development of commodity production, commodity producers have to handle affairs by international standard and international practice.As seen, Chinese production and life are also calling the Roman character spelling of Chinese character to be born.

Because people need the Roman character spelling of Chinese character, and do not exist in the reality, so " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " have to be served as the Roman character spelling of Chinese character.

" Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " exists two non-Roman characters of ê, ü though be that Roman character is represented with Latin alphabet mainly." Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " circumflex is marked on the main vowel of main syllable, promptly is marked on a, e, and i, o on the u, has generated 5 * 4=20 non-Roman character so again, adds circumflex above the ü and generates four non-romanization letters again.Symbiosis becomes 26 non-romanization letters.

So how non-Roman character appears in " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet ", is it how as the Roman character spelling of Chinese character? truncate so " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " have to be choped off the head, become the Roman character spelling that so-called " Chinese phonetic alphabet convention " serves as Chinese character.

" Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " purpose of design was given the phonetic annotation of Chinese characters originally, how could require it to play the effect of " the Roman character spelling of Chinese character "? the problem that " Zhang Yu " and " octopus " is hard to tell and so on, original was not the problem that " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " will solve just.

Explanation more than is discussed, and " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " can only be as the usefulness of giving the phonetic annotation of Chinese characters.Choping off the head truncates, and becomes " Chinese phonetic alphabet convention ", not only can bring some problems, and the problem that has can't solve at all.

The problem handled of Chinese characters in computer again.

Roman character is represented by 7 bits of a byte in computer-internal.The ASC II sign indicating number of Here it is western language.Since Chinese character not one to one Roman character represent method, Chinese character in computer-internal by sixteen bit binary number (Hanzi internal code) expression altogether of two bytes.Hanzi internal code can not be represented as ASC II sign indicating number.If ASC II sign indicating number is 8, those two ASC II sign indicating numbers are just in time represented a Hanzi internal code, and unfortunate, ASC II sign indicating number is 7.This is Chinese at present and the incompatible basic reason of western language.

By seven ASC II representation, promptly by the 6th, 5,4,3,2,1,0 bit representation of a byte, and the 7th of most significant digit be idle in computer-internal for Roman character.And Chinese character is represented by the common sixteen bit of two bytes in computer-internal.Most significant digit is promptly the 7th in the computing machine communication, usually is used for check usefulness, and computing machine will be changed to 0 or 1 according to assay with this position, and concerning Roman character, this can not influence its correctness, because its most significant digit is the 7th original leaving unused.Its most significant digit is the 7th and determines how can change concerning Hanzi internal code! So Chinese character can not directly travel in international standard communication system, database and the computer network at present.If it is pass through by force, changed beyond recognition when returning.We usually hear " Chinesizing " these two words there from computer technician now, and so-called " Chinesizing " all is to try every possible means to make Hanzi internal code to pass through above-mentioned " the international outpost of the tax office ".The people of how many high iqs, energy all consumes here! So, Chinese character if not as Roman character by seven ASC II representation, then Chinese character can not pass unimpeded in computing machine as the literal of Roman character spelling forever.

Also has a serious problem.Roman character in computer-internal by seven ASC II representation, promptly by the 6th, 5 of a byte, 4,3,2,1,0 bit representation, computing machine are when carrying out command operation, sometimes the 6th, 5 also amputation, concerning the romanization literal, the consequence of bringing is to distinguish capitalization and lowercase, generally can not influence the meaning of this word.But concerning Hanzi internal code, it has been not Hanzi internal code just that the 7th of amputation most significant digit mentioned in the front, and this returns and wants the 6th, 5 of amputation, and that has been not a Hanzi internal code more just.So, do not have real computer Chinese-character operating system so far.Computer command that we use such as COPY, FORMAT, DIR are English.We listen the computing machine personnel to say usually, " Chinese ... ", " Chinesizing ... ", its meaning all is to say that it has encode Chinese characters for computer-Hanzi internal code-Hanzi font Dot Matrix Library or vector character library and can show the meaning of Chinese character, and be not internal command also be Chinese character.Therefore, when we learn Chinese BASIC (computerese), at first to learn this English word of BASIC and reach as PRINT the English word of DATA and so on.A how many people English learning of having in order to learn computing machine go earlier! So, Chinese character if not as Roman character by seven ASC II representation, then Chinese can not resemble operational computations machine the language of Roman character spelling forever.

The way that computer technician makes it to Chinesize with modification international standard software overcomes Chinese character and can not pass unimpeded in the difficulty of computing machine, avoid the problem that Chinese can not the operational computations machine with the way of English learning, but have a problem to avoid, that is exactly the problem of Chinese character input computing machine.

The main input equipment of computing machine is the Roman character keyboard, has only directly input computing machine of Roman character.Since Chinese character not one to one Roman character represent method, so: must encode to Chinese character with Roman character (or digital), Chinese character could be imported computing machine with keyboard.There is hundreds of kind Hanzi coding scheme now, solves the problem of Chinese character input computing machine.The computer-internal that has been encoded to of all these Chinese characters finally still is with totally 16 binary number (Hanzi internal code) expression of two bytes, does not still solve the above-mentioned problem.

Chinese character when input, input be Chinese character coding set (7 ASC II code characters), storage and output but be Hanzi internal code (two eight extended ASC character, be can not be with the keyboard input).What western language (for example English) was imported is 7 ASC II code characters, and what store and export also is 7 ASC II code characters.If this indignant thought of strict difinition " input " (thing that requires to import must be consistent with the thing of storage), we so to say that, Chinese character if not as Roman character by seven ASC II representation, then Chinese character can not really be imported computing machine with keyboard forever.

In sum, we press for the Roman character spelling of Chinese character.

The problem of Chinese character Chinese character input computing machine is discussed below again.

See compiling method earlier.

Computing machine imported in Chinese character coding method input computing machine and western language (for example English) is different to people's thinking activities.English can directly be imported by Roman character spelling, input be exactly Roman character, need not encode, and the Chinese character input needs the thought process (except " spelling sound sign indicating number ") of a coding.And this thinking activities that purposely cause complication all are unacceptable for most people.Therefore, unless livelihood needs, common people do not go to learn various coding methods.That is to say that except that professional typist, common people are unwilling to increase learning burden and brain burden uses compiling method, and with ready-to-use non-compiling method (as the spelling method).

Exporting the character string that the ASC II code character of English obtains successively is exactly English word, and language meaning is arranged.And the character string that the Hanzi internal code character (extended ASC is not quite similar according to the machine difference) of exporting Chinese character successively obtains is the extended ASC character string, is skimble-skamble.

Because of the target of the method for Chinese character coding is with the input computing to encode Chinese characters for computer, though each Chinese character of most Hanzi coding schemes is all imported from keyboard with Roman character, but it is not to be to want to represent these Chinese characters with Roman character, so, the Hanzi internal code that computer-internal completely changed 16 immediately into (top illustrated that these Hanzi internal codes of 16 are not Roman character) has been arrived in various encodes Chinese characters for computer, in fact this process when Chinese character is shown on the computer screen just early having finished, if Chinese character also the Roman character character string processing when importing just now will make mistakes.For example, can not be with the Chinese character of " phonetic sign indicating number " input by Roman character order (" Xinhua dictionary " in proper order) ordering.Chinese character with " the Five-stroke Method " input can not be by font categorization.

This shows to have only non-coding method could fundamentally solve the problem of Chinese character input computing machine.

At present using the non-coding method of popularizing the most is " spelling sound sign indicating number ", says that it is " non-coding method " why, this be because the phonetic of a word not " volume " come out, be the original attribute of this word, be the thing of internal.Radical, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, stroke, font all are external forms.We think, the basic reason that Here it is " spelling sound sign indicating number " is accepted by the people easily.

In the macintosh computer of U.S. Apple company, use the input of spelling sound, tone is with arabic numeral 1,2, and 3,4,0 expression is not distinguished ê and e, u and ü.Unisonance people having the same aspiration and interest word is selected with menu mode (mouse).The selected of a word sometimes will be by by tens page turning keys and shifting bond(s).In " the spelling sound sign indicating number " of IBMPC and compatible, generally do not distinguish tone, phonetically similar word is made the menu options button with numerical key.Also need repeatedly to press page turning key and shifting bond(s).Concerning long-term user, generally all wish touch system.Be acceptable how, as long as can find this Chinese character at every turn by key several times.But button is too many, Yi Bian press, Yi Bian number number at heart is so just uncomfortable.Particularly, the menu key of certain Chinese character is different sometimes.This makes us not seek certain Chinese character and to realize touch system with the combination of same several keys forever, can only constantly repeatedly press page turning key and shifting bond(s).We imagine, and concerning certain Chinese character, its options button is eternal constant letter key, and we just can realize touch system like this.This is the present invention's matter of utmost importance that will solve just.This also is core of the present invention place.

Since concerning certain Chinese character, its button is a specific letter key combination, and so, this a string roman character just can be used as the Roman character spelling of this Chinese character.If it has comprised the pronunciation and the meaning of Chinese word, just can be used as the literal of Chinese.This is basic ideas of the present invention.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feasible non-coding method to solve the realistic problem of Chinese character input computing machine, the Roman character spelling of Here it is Chinese character.Simultaneously, design a kind of Roman capitals of new alphabetic writing-Chinese, the word-building law of the Roman capitals of this Chinese is exactly the Roman character spelling of Chinese character.

The Roman character spelling of the Roman capitals of Chinese, Chinese character, a kind of Chinese character Roman capitals encoding scheme.Here, this three is unified, therefore, is lumped together sometimes from now on.

The Roman character spelling of Chinese character will develop into a kind of literal of Chinese.We must do further to understand to Chinese character.Might as well analyze the three elements of Chinese character: shape, sound, justice.Here " sound " comprises syllable and tone.Chinese character is a pictograph, and for justice, " shape " is the needs of obeying " justice " with shape." shape " is form, and " justice " is content, and " justice " is the thing of internal.If heavy " shape " be heavy " justice " not, that the simplest variant Chinese character phenomenon all cannot be held, and Chinese character has simplified lishu, traditional font lishu, seal character literary composition, the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, inscription on ancient bronze objects etc. still more.Radical, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, stroke, font all are external forms, and through transition of age, anything has changed so much that one loses one's identity.So the key element of Chinese word is summarized in sound, adopted two parts.Held " sound " and " justice " of Chinese character, just held this Chinese character.Chinese character has the branch of literal sense and extended meaning, and a word polysemia is more arranged.How to hold " justice " of a Chinese character? Xu Shen proposes in his " origin of Chinese character " book, and the basic skills of Chinese character configuration has six kinds, promptly pictograph, self-explanatory characters, ideophone, understanding, metaideophone, make use of.Having only preceding four kinds in fact is the topographical method of Chinese character, and metaideophone, to make use of be the using method of literal.Pictograph is the initial method of Chinese character configuration, also is fundamental method.Pictograph is exactly all or part of image of delineating out object with lines, the people is come into plain view, as words such as day, the moon, ox, sheep.Self-explanatory characters also are one of basic skills of Chinese character configuration, be with one or two abstract symbol, or add abstract symbol on the pictograph composition, point out the form of things, as words such as upper and lower, basis, ends.Understanding is compound, forms a new word by two or more pictographic characters, with the action or the form of expression people or thing, as promptly, accuse, from, woods, word such as gloomy.Phonogram also is a compound, and purpose symbol (also being pictograph, a pictographic character) harmony symbol is formed, meaning symbol expression significance category, sound symbol expression pronunciation classification, as the river, attack, empty, base, sorrow, word such as admittedly.In the topographical method of above four kinds of Chinese characters, all be unable to do without pictographic character.We call the meaning symbol to those the most basic pictographic characters.This shows that " justice " of each Chinese character all is made of the meaning symbol.Only the meaning of sure Chinese character symbol could fundamentally be held this Chinese character.

About " sound " of Chinese word, " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " that five meeting of National People's Congress's on February 11st, 1958 is passed through is the preferably summary of modern Chinese phonetics, in the scheme pronunciation of Chinese word is divided into syllable and tone two key elements.The syllable that wherein has is made of initial consonant and simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable two parts, and what have is made of separately initial consonant or simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable." Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " is not only the national standard pronunciation of Chinese character, and is most Chinese people's pronunciation (mandarin standard pronunciation).The Roman character spelling of Chinese character of the present invention according to the sound of Chinese word, transfer, the requirement of justice and constituting, accord with by syllable, tone, meaning promptly that three parts constitute.

Describe main contents of the present invention below in detail:

1. the Roman character spelling of Chinese character is the Roman character spelling of the Chinese character that combines of the meaning symbol of syllable, tone according to Chinese language and the Chinese character that is developed into according to liu shu theory.

2. the syllable summary table that uses of the Roman character spelling of Chinese character, select from " Chinese phonetic alphabet syllable index " and " syllabary " in " modern Chinese dictionary " in " Xinhua dictionary ", wherein " Chinese phonetic alphabet " e spells with Roman character eh, " Chinese phonetic alphabet " ü spells with Roman character vu, and other are constant.26 non-Roman characters in " Chinese phonetic alphabet " have reduced to 24 like this.(as shown in Figure 3)

3. the tone in the Roman character spelling of Chinese character is according to the high and level tone of " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet ", rising tone, goes up sound, falling tone, softly, respectively with Roman character f, q, v, x, z spelling, these five letters are the variation of imagery ground expression Chinese character tone to greatest extent, simultaneously, their ASC II sign indicating number is in proper order from f to z, this with " Xinhua dictionary " high and level tone, rising tone, go up sound, falling tone, the order that is arranged in order softly is consistent (as shown in Figure 4).Tone, can not obscured with the syllable of front because of not containing alphabetical a, e, i, o, u, h, r, n, g immediately following after syllable.Tone is used for representing the variation of tone, and itself is aphonic.By such romanization and top measure, " Chinese phonetic alphabet " thorough romanization.For example: ' Chinese ', the Roman character spelling of pressing Chinese character, syllable is han, and tone is a falling tone, represents with x, and sound and accent two parts synthesize hanx.' length ', the Roman character spelling of pressing Chinese character, syllable has two, is respectively chang and zhang, and tone is respectively rising tone and last sound, represents with q and v respectively, and sound and accent two parts synthesize changq and zhangv respectively.We also represent high and level tone, rising tone in " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " respectively, go up the circumflex of sound, falling tone-,/, ∨,, sticking with glue label sticks on respectively on the letter of Roman character key f, q, v, x (as Fig. 1), to alleviate beginner's memory burden.

4. the symbol of the meaning in the Roman character spelling of Chinese character is according to traditional liu shu theory, 7000 Chinese characters in common use to State Language Work Committee, the press and publications administration's promulgation in 1988, from " origin of Chinese character " (Xu Shenzhu), " saying civilian big dictionary " (husky blue or green rock is collected), " newly organized origin of Chinese character " books such as (Gu Jingheng, Liu Shenzhu), the literal sense rule of finding each word belong to (meaning symbol).In brief, the meaning symbol is exactly a symbol of representing the Chinese character meaning.By the custom of Hanzi coding scheme be convenient to understand, the Roman character spelling of Chinese character can be called " sound and meaning code " of Chinese character.

5. above-mentioned liu shu theory is metaideophone, make use of, ideophone, understanding, pictograph, self-explanatory characters.Wherein make use of and metaideophone for the rule of word, make use of with the metaideophone word all be ideophone, understanding, self-explanatory characters, pictographic character at first.So only concrete here discusses ideophone, understanding, self-explanatory characters, pictograph.

For example: ' copying ' is phonogram.From hand, few sound.Literal sense is predation.From hand, the meaning of ' copying ' word in other words is that ' hand ' word develops, and is relevant with ' hand ' in other words.Few sound, the pronunciation of ' copying ' word in other words is to be developed by ' lacking ' word.

For example: ' grasping ' is associative compounds.From again, from standing grain.' again ' be exactly the meaning of the right hand or hand.Standing grain is the meaning in crops, and both meanings are joined, and expression is with hand-held standing grain.

For example: ' bow ' is pictographic character, resembles the shape of bow.

For example: ' fork ' is self-explanatory characters' words, adds a bit on ' again ' (being hand), points out the trend of cupping one hand in the other before the chest.

Here, we have found that: ' fork ', ' again ', ' hand ' three interosculate, and they are all relevant with ' hand '.We represent " relevant with ' hand ' " with Roman character w, and this w is exactly the meaning symbol in the Roman character spelling of Chinese character.

6. specifically see phonogram and associative compounds earlier, their meaning symbol be according to " origin of Chinese character " and institutes such as " newly organized origin of Chinese character " " from " come.

For example: associative compounds ' announcement ', " origin of Chinese character " is interpreted as ox and touches the people, and from ox, " newly organized origin of Chinese character " is ox above being interpreted as from mouth, and the victim when expression is offered a sacrifice to gods or ancestors is mouth below, and the announcement gods are held a memorial ceremony in expression, literal sense: hold a memorial ceremony for announcement, report.

Phonogram ' frightens ', and " newly organized origin of Chinese character " is interpreted as from mouth He Sheng.

Phonogram ' spy ', " newly organized origin of Chinese character " is interpreted as from ox temple sound, literal sense: bull.

This shows that " origin of Chinese character " always use the mode of " from first, second sound " to represent when explaining phonogram." origin of Chinese character " always uses the mode of " from first, from second " to represent when explaining associative compounds.

If from ' second ', then first of this word meaning symbol is " relevant with ' first ' " to certain associative compounds from ' first ', the second meaning symbol is " relevant with ' second ' ".

Certain phonogram is from ' first ' ' second ' sound, and then first of this word meaning symbol is " relevant with ' first ' ", does not have the second meaning symbol, just copies the first meaning symbol when needing the second meaning symbol and fills the post of.

We represent " relevant with ' mouth ' " with Roman character s, represent " relevant with ' ox ' " (as shown in Figure 5) with Roman character bx.

Like this, ' frightening ' is from mouth He Sheng.The first meaning symbol of ' frightening ' is s.

' announcement ', from ox, the first meaning symbol of ' announcement ' is s from mouth, the second meaning symbol is bx.

' spy ', from ox temple sound, the first meaning symbol of ' spy ' is bx.

7. see pictographic character and self-explanatory characters' word again, their meaning symbol is that the thing that the shape that " resembles " according to " origin of Chinese character " and institutes such as " newly organized origin of Chinese character " and institute " refer to " is come.

For example: pictographic character ' cutter ', " origin of Chinese character " is interpreted as resembling the shape of cutter.

Self-explanatory characters' word ' sword ', " origin of Chinese character " is interpreted as the cutter heavily fortified point also.

This shows, pictographic character ' cutter ' and self-explanatory characters' word ' sword ' all with cutter ' relevant.

We represent " relevant with ' cutter ' " with Roman character mz, and then first of pictographic character ' cutter ' and self-explanatory characters' word ' sword ' the meaning symbol all is mz.

8. to the research of 7000 Chinese characters of " contemporary Chinese common word table " of the promulgation on March 25th, 1988 of State Language Work Committee, the press and publications administration, find out all meaning symbols, after arranging, add up, merge, optimize, the MACINTOSH computing machine represents it with Roman character again, as shown in Figure 5.Then several same meanings or close meaning symbol is merged into one, obtain the Roman capitals Yi Fubiao (totally 91 meaning symbols) of Chinese character, as shown in Figure 5.

9. the Roman capitals of Chinese meaning symbol follows closely after the tone.The same with tone, itself is aphonic.Because it does not contain vowel a, e, i, o, u, semivowel letter y is so also be not easy to send sound.

10. the Roman capitals of Chinese meaning symbol is to determine its string length according to the frequency size that these meaning symbols occur in all 7000 Chinese characters.A large amount of meanings of using accord with a letter representation, and the meaning of less utilization accords with two letter representations.

11. the Roman capitals of Chinese meaning symbol partly is to come with reference to the Latin radical of the meaning of this meaning symbol.

12. database set up in 7000 Chinese characters, comprise following project:

The GB of A Chinese character

The B Chinese character

The C syllable

The D tone

The E first meaning symbol

The F second meaning symbol

The frequency of utilization of this Chinese character of G

What use is database function in the EXCEL software of MACINTOSH computing machine.

13. in above database, Chinese character is identical, syllable difference or tone difference are then all as different records.Such Chinese character is handled as the Roman capitals (being called for short Roman capitals later on) of different Chinese.Such Chinese character is called polyphone.Syllable is called phonetically similar word with all identical different Chinese character of tone.Such Chinese character is also handled as different Roman capitals certainly.

For example: (afs, syllable are a, and tone is high and level tone f, and the meaning symbol is for s, and is relevant with ' mouth '.As ', snowed! ');

(aqs, syllable are a, and tone is rising tone q, and the meaning symbol is for s, and is relevant with ' mouth '.As ' what, you say? ').

A Chinese character has become several Roman capitals.

For example: actinium (afb, syllable are a, and tone is high and level tone f, and the meaning symbol is for b, and is relevant with ' gold ').And actinium, be phonetically similar word, its Roman capitals are respectively afs and aqb.

14. in above database, the frequency of utilization of this Chinese character is come according to State Bureau of Standardization of Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language " 3,000 high frequency Chinese Character table ".

15. above database is carried out sort ascending, and keyword is arranged as follows:

First keyword: syllable

Second keyword: tone

The 3rd keyword: the first meaning symbol

The 4th keyword: the second meaning symbol

The 5th keyword: the frequency of utilization of this Chinese character

To this computing required times of more than 8,000 records less than two fens clock times.(result is that identical syllable is then adjacent, and difference is then pressed the english dictionary series arrangement.In identical syllable, the phase same tone is then adjacent, and difference is then pressed the english dictionary series arrangement.In identical syllable phase same tone, the first meaning symbol is identical then adjacent, and difference is then pressed the english dictionary series arrangement; ), with the term of encode Chinese characters for computer, " repeated code " come together exactly.Be exactly how explanation gets rid of " repeated code " below.

16. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, the first meaning symbol of that word of frequency of utilization maximum is removed.If this Chinese character be polyphone or in dialect pronunciation and standard Chinese pronunciation more different person is arranged, then the first meaning symbol of second that big word of frequency is removed, so analogize.

For example: in ' Ah eh salt down actinium ' this group, syllable all be a, and tone all is f, ' Ah ''s word is all comparatively more commonly used than other word, so, ' meaning of Ah ''s word accords with and omitting, and ' Roman capitals of Ah ''s word have just become af.

17. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, different as first letter of the first meaning symbol of two or more different Chinese character, just remove the second letter of the first meaning symbol.That is to say that a letter just can be distinguished them, why use two letters.

For example: in ' the cancer pure white is suffered ' this group, ' cancer ' word is comparatively common, its meaning symbol is omitted, and the meaning of ' pure white ' and ' suffering ' symbol is respectively lb and w, remove the second letter of the first meaning symbol of ' pure white ' word, last, the Roman capitals that ' cancer ' ' pure white ' ' suffered ' word are respectively aiq, aiql, aiqw.

18. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, have only a letter and identical, just add first letter of the second meaning symbol as the first meaning symbol of two or more different Chinese character.

For example: in ' sound of sighing sorrow ' this group, their first meaning symbol all is s, because ' ' is the most frequently used, omits its first meaning symbol, becomes aif.The first meaning symbol of ' sound of sighing ' and ' sorrow ' all is s, so add its second meaning symbol s behind the first meaning symbol of ' sorrow ', last, the Roman capitals of ' sound of sighing ' ' sorrow ' ' ' are respectively aifs, aifss, aif.

19. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, are two letters and identical, just remove second letter of one of them as the first meaning symbol of two different Chinese characters.

For example: ' hindering ' ' astatine ', its first meaning symbol is lr all, and their Roman capitals are respectively aixi and aixlr.

20. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, be two letters and identical as the first meaning symbol of Chinese characters different more than two, just remove its second letter, add first letter of the second meaning symbol.

For example: ' buryplant ' ' hysteria ' ' epidemic disease ', its first meaning symbol is bw all, removes second letter of the first meaning symbol of some word, adds first letter of the second meaning symbol, their Roman capitals are respectively yixbr, yixbb, yixbw.

21. in all identical records of each group syllable, tone, identical as the first meaning symbol of two or more different Chinese characters, just keep a letter, also identical as first letter of the second meaning symbol, add the second letter of the second meaning symbol.

Textual criticism to each Chinese character meaning symbol needs several years, but several hrs has only been used in row's repeated code work of finishing above-mentioned 16-21 bar, because the first meaning symbol repetition rate of coding extremely low (below 2%).It is also identical that we think that Chinese character unisonance people having the same aspiration and interest literal sense rule belong to, and people in use will be only with one, and another abandoned.

22. the database to above modification carries out sort ascending again, keyword is arranged as follows:

First keyword: syllable

Second keyword: tone

The 3rd keyword: meaning symbol (being the above-mentioned first meaning symbol of having revised)

23. above database is accorded with the merging that is linked in sequence by syllable, tone, meaning, by the Roman character ordering, has obtained the corresponding Roman capitals of all Chinese characters again.

More than be how to develop for the Roman capitals that Chinese is described, do not need the user to remove to study origin of Chinese characters, this point also will illustrate hereinafter.

24. with " encode Chinese characters for computer " of the Roman capitals of above each Chinese, in fact be exactly the Roman capitals of Chinese and the table of comparisons of Chinese character as this Chinese character, the Roman character spelling of Chinese character just.

25. in " the Roman capitals encoding scheme " of Chinese character, Roman character is 7 ASC II representation, also desirable its low five are compressed.

26. in the Roman capitals encoding scheme of Chinese character, tone is represented with Roman character F, Q, V, X, Z.After keying in syllable and tone, the unisonance Chinese character has just all shown, and then presses selected required certain Chinese character of letter key again.0～2 Roman character is arranged below each Chinese character, Here it is will by key (as shown in Figure 2).After having pressed letter key, by a space bar, that required Chinese character has just jumped in the article text again.The Roman capitals of each Chinese should have a well-determined Chinese character mutually now.

Example 1: as shown in Figure 2, during ' Peng ' word, import Roman character p successively if think input, e, n, g, q, after the alphabetical q of expression tone import, the screen below showed delegation's Chinese character, was the options button (anticipate and accord with) of this word below each Chinese character.Because be Roman character 1 below ' Peng ' word, so by 1 key and space bar just.As by c key and space bar then ' friend ' word enter the text of top, by space bar then ' roc ' word enter the text of top ...

Example 2: when importing af successively, four Chinese characters then can appear in the screen below, and ' Ah ''s ' actinium ' ' salts down ' ' ', is its options button (meaning symbol) below each word, is respectively the space, b, n, s.

Want the just letter key below which word of which word, all be so at every turn, all is so forever.

From above example as can be seen, in this course, the user does not encode, and more need not remove to consult " origin of Chinese character " and research origin of Chinese characters.The meaning symbol that we discuss Chinese character is the process and the principle of our research of explanation, and the user can know these things never.Here, though finished the mission of encode Chinese characters for computer, not the method for encode Chinese characters for computer, because, also codeless therebetween thinking activities.So the present invention solves problem and the insurmountable problem of compiling method that compiling method will solve with non-compiling method.

From above example as can be seen, we also have essential difference with the method for selecting Chinese character with menu, because our meaning symbol is not a menu key.In above-mentioned example 1, we use the space, c, and d, h, lr, m, n, r, x, z distinguish that group phonetically similar word, and no matter when and where all like this, in above-mentioned example 2, we use the space, and b, n, s distinguish this group phonetically similar word, no matter when and where all like this.In fact, the meaning symbol of each group phonetically similar word all has nothing in common with each other, no matter when and where all like this.If menu, each group phonetically similar word all can be distinguished with the identical operations key, all uses a as unified, b, and c, d, e, f, g ... or 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0 distinguish phonetically similar word.If menu, same word can be distinguished with different operating keys under different situations, for example, in same computer, choose this word with 1 sometimes and choose this word with 5 sometimes, on the computing machine that has, choose this word and on another kind of computing machine, choose this word with 1 with 3.If menu, same word, under different situations, can distinguish with diverse ways, for example choose this word with shifting bond(s) sometimes and choose this word with numerical key or letter key or mouse sometimes, on the computing machine that has, choose this word and on another kind of computing machine, choose this word with mouse with shifting bond(s).

The present invention is at first accomplished in the MACINTOSH computing machine.When the Roman capitals of use Chinese are done encode Chinese characters for computer, and feel naturally invariably.Because the first of the Roman capitals of Chinese is a syllable, this is similar to " phonetic sign indicating number ", owing to distinguished ê and e, ü and u, this part is more accurate than " phonetic sign indicating number ".

The Roman capitals second portion of Chinese is a tone, and this makes range of choice littler, uses letter rather than uses the numeral tone, and more convenient like this, more natural, it is faster to typewrite.

Unisonance people having the same aspiration and interest word is promptly to anticipate to accord with directly with the third part of the Roman capitals of Chinese to key in, and again need not use page turning key and shifting bond(s) or Genius mouse.The meaning symbol of each Chinese character need not learnt, because it is presented in the window itself, must not remember yet, and uses and has just remembered several times.Particularly, the Roman capitals of each Chinese character are certain, so, just can touch system after beating several times.

5.072 characters of the Roman capitals average out to of Chinese are long, and are not very loaded down with trivial details.The Roman capitals of Chinese characters in common use are shorter.

This will open up computed new way for the ordinary people.

It more than is the Roman capitals encoding scheme stage of Chinese.

Also having a kind of using method is directly under western language operating system, and the Roman capitals of Chinese are all imported, and with western language, handles fully coequally, and when in the end needing printout, by routine processes, disposable " translation " is Chinese character again.This will provide a new approach for Chinesizing work.The Roman character spelling stage of Here it is Chinese character.

For not frequent computed people, remember that the corresponding Roman capitals of each Chinese character are difficult, but learned the people of the Chinese phonetic alphabet or western language, can from the Roman character spelling, read sound, this is poor unlike present Chinese phonetic alphabet convention, if people know five kinds of tones and use F respectively, Q, V, X, Z represents, just can read the mandarin of standard comes, this has advanced major step than present Chinese phonetic alphabet convention, if necessary, and people have the Roman capitals of a Chinese and the table of comparisons of Chinese character at hand, and remaining issues also can solve, and this is " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " insurmountable problem.

The Roman capitals of Chinese and western language 100% compatibility, if when again the Roman capitals " translation " of Chinese being Chinese character, if when accompanying western language (i.e. other literal of spelling with Roman character) in the Roman capitals of these Chinese, if do not distinguished, can not guarantee that the utmost point individual words of other language is not a Chinese character by computer translation, for example: box, six, fax, pix, fox etc.According to the rough Statistics that the English dictionary of 160,000 speech is arranged from, the word identical with the Roman capitals of Chinese be ten thousand/about.Therefore, must stipulate that the Roman capitals of Chinese show that with Beijing font, black matrix, the Song typeface, imitative body, regular script or the like not handy western language font shows.

Conversely, can be the Roman capitals of the Chinese character that had existed already " translation " Chinese.A Chinese character if several pronunciations are arranged, just has several Roman capitals, and computer can only be translated into Roman capitals commonly used at present, if want computer not make mistakes (reading wrongly written or mispronounced character), the relevant vocabulary of essential input is judged according to the front and back word then.

The software application that more than relates to program when the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of Chinese, inscription on ancient bronze objects, seal character literary composition, lishu (traditional font) do not change (only need change the Hanzi font Dot Matrix Library, not have the Dot Matrix Library of the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, inscription on ancient bronze objects, seal character literary composition unfortunately in the MACINTOSH computing machine).What is interesting is that we would rather be with the complex form of Chinese characters and need not be simplified, even would rather use inscription on ancient bronze objects, seal character literary composition, because anyway need not be hand-written, all has no relations with the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells.Word more early comes naturally more, because modern word " abstract " very much.

A long-term people who uses the Roman character spelling of Chinese character strain the meaning of the word probably, and fully with the existing block character of Roman character spelling replacement of Chinese character, this has just entered the Roman capitals stage of Chinese.

A kind of new alphabetizing Chinese written language will be accepted, difficulty does not lie in the children and the foreigner, and be to learn the people of present Chinese Chinese characters, we are designed to the same thing with the Roman character spelling of Chinese character and the Roman capitals of Chinese, be in order to allow contemporary people in, to have learned the Roman capitals of Chinese unconsciously the process of Chinese character input computing machine.If design a kind of new literacy of Chinese, and it is at present without any actual application value, probably whoever can not go to learn its (perhaps can force people to go to learn with law).So we think the alphabetizing of Chinese, must realize by the Roman character spelling of modern Chinese character.

We propose, and the alphabetizing road of Chinese is taken a three-stage approach.The first step is the realistic problem that solves present Chinese character input.Promptly invent and a kind ofly need not learn, " Hanzi coding scheme " that need not encode (since need not encode, thus not encoding scheme just, so we add quotation marks): the Roman character spelling of the Chinese character of our invention that Here it is.Second step was to allow people after " Hanzi coding scheme ", find more than using, and " encode Chinese characters for computer " of the Chinese character more than 90% is unique (different is because this Chinese character is a polyphone).Conversely, one " encode Chinese characters for computer " has only a Chinese character correspondence forever.Is this just in time as the standard sign of Chinese character? the Roman character spelling of Chinese character of our invention that Here it is.Just a licence plate is arranged as each automobile.(car that has has several licence plates, though because its chassis is the same with profile, speaker sound is different, and and then purposes has also become, and has become lorry as passenger vehicle, and Department of Communications simply issues several licence plates so that management).The 3rd step was after people often use the Roman character spelling of this Chinese character, meaning and this a string Roman character of this Chinese character will be got in touch.Turn around this a string character at a glance again, is not this exactly a kind of literal of grace? it is handsome in appearance, and pronunciation is accurate, and tone is strong, and meaning is clear and definite.The Roman capitals of Chinese of our invention that Here it is.So far, the alphabetizing of Chinese is realized.Also had for the 4th step, this is the advanced stage of the Chinese phonetic alphabetization.People perhaps can be by the speech write the two or more syllables of a word together when writing the Roman capitals of Chinese, the proper noun capitalization, " " represent with ' d, " " represent that with ' dr " getting " represented with ' db, " youngster " represents with ' r, and " son " represents that with ' z people also may usually omit tone and Yi Fu.But indignant all tones and the Yi Fu of omitting in all cases not.Can not return to " Chinese phonetic alphabet convention " epoch, again " oil " when " edible oil ", again " rubber " when " banana ".

Below several Chinese be to write with the Roman capitals of Chinese.Last sentence is an English.

Yiftiq daox hanx yuvl′d pinf yinfpn huax，youv renq jiuxs huovj maoxt sanf zhangxw，biv jianvq diaoxw wov menz zuv zongft′d bianxq′z haiqg yaox tongx kuv Taf menz duixz hanxzix zaixr guoq jixb shangx beixh shouxw wuvvz ruvc′d xianxr shiqt bux wenqr bux wenx.Taf menz duixz hanxzix yanqs zhongxd yingv xiangvs jingfk jixx′d faf zhanvshixjerq bux jianxj.Qivl buxzhif，meiqxyouv xifr fangf wenq mingq daix laiq′d dianx lixkh、yuanqdh′z danxbz、qingfpmdanxbz，hanxrenq navyouv jinfv tianf!Luoqk mav zix muv bingxvfeif waix guoq′d zhuanflixq，hanxrenq yongx luoqk mau zih muu bux yaoxhuaf qianq.Yif tiq daoxhanx yuvl′d pinf yinfpn huax，haiqg youvrenq jiuxs zuoxv yif buxbn dengf.tianf′d mengxt！So，it′s only a dream until now.

Therefrom as can be seen, the pronunciation of alphabetizing Chinese character is more easy to identify than English.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of Roman character spelling of Chinese characters and be suitable for input equipment is by " Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet " spelling Chinese character, again according to the feature differentiation phonetically similar word of Chinese character.The invention is characterized in and adopt 26 Roman characters, after determining unisonance people having the same aspiration and interest Chinese character with syllable, tone, select Chinese character with Roman character key particular combinations on the input equipment keyboard and space bar, the combination of each letter key can be determined a unique required Chinese character, and each Chinese character can be selected by a space bar, a Roman character key and a space bar or two Roman character keys and a space bar.

2, the Roman character spelling of Chinese characters as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the syllable of described spelling is come by the Chinese phoneticizing syllable of 7000 Chinese characters in common use in State Language Work Committee, the press and publications administration's in March, 1988 promulgation " contemporary Chinese common word table ", in the syllable non-Roman character ê with two Roman characters replace, non-Roman character ü also replaces with two Roman characters, other Roman characters then remain unchanged.

3, the Roman character spelling of Chinese characters as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the tone of the expression Chinese phonetic alphabet (be high and level tone, rising tone, go up sound, falling tone, softly) is represented with the word Roman character.

4, the Roman character spelling of the Chinese characters described in claim 3 is characterized in that: described tone high and level tone, rising tone, go up sound, falling tone, softly, represented by Roman character F, Q, V, X, Z or f, q, v, x, z respectively.

5, the Roman character spelling of the Chinese characters described in claim 4 is characterized in that: described tone high and level tone, rising tone, go up sound, falling tone, softly, also can be represented by any other letter in 26 Roman characters.

6, the Roman character spelling of the Chinese characters described in claim 2 is characterized in that: non-Roman character ê, ü in the Chinese phonetic alphabet, represent with two Roman character eh, vu respectively.

7, in the Roman character spelling of the Chinese characters described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Roman character key combination (i.e. meaning symbol) is according to traditional liu shu theory, from " origin of Chinese character " (Xu Shenzhu), " saying civilian big dictionary " (husky blue or green rock is collected), " newly organized origin of Chinese character " (Gu Jingheng, Liu Shenzhu) book, find the literal sense ownership of each Chinese character, with what represent with Roman character again after same meaning and the close merging.

8, the Roman character spelling of the Chinese characters described in claim 1 and suitable input equipment, it is characterized in that: suitable input equipment is standard letter word (being a Roman character) keyboard.

9, according to claim 3,4,5,8, Chinese phonetic alphabet tone symbol is printed on viscose glue mark in view of this, the mark mirror is sticked on letter top on the Roman character key.

10, according to any one among the claim 1-9, the Roman character spelling of Chinese characters and suitable input equipment can be used in various Chinese information computer systems, Chinese character teleprinter, Chinese character computer typewriter, Chinese terminal and the communication system.

Images