CN106289768A - Leading screw, guide rail application system simulated condition laboratory table - Google Patents
Leading screw, guide rail application system simulated condition laboratory table Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台，包括床身、并行排列的导轨、丝杠、驱动丝杠转动的伺服电机，导轨通过夹具体安装在床身上，还包括托板、托板加载液压系统、丝杠轴向加载液压系统。本发明可方便的模拟不同实际工况下，对导轨及丝杠执行单元进行测试，负载模拟装置采用伺服液压系统，可根据实际要求设置多种规律性负载及偏矩的模拟，丝杠行程误差测量装置采用光栅尺、编码器比差方式，测量加载试验时滚珠丝杠行程误差变化情况，滑块上设有振动检测单元，用于监测滑块状态，可反应滑块磨损及预紧力变化情况，系统采用伺服电机驱动，可实时调整执行单元的运动状态，以满足模拟实验。
The invention discloses a lead screw and guide rail application system simulation working condition test bench, which includes a bed, guide rails arranged in parallel, a lead screw, and a servo motor for driving the lead screw to rotate. The guide rail is installed on the bed through a clamp body, and also includes a supporting plate, Pallet loading hydraulic system, lead screw axial loading hydraulic system. The invention can conveniently simulate different actual working conditions to test the guide rail and lead screw execution unit. The load simulation device adopts a servo hydraulic system, which can be set to simulate various regular loads and bias moments according to actual requirements, and the screw stroke error The measuring device adopts the grating ruler and encoder ratio difference method to measure the variation of the stroke error of the ball screw during the loading test. The slider is equipped with a vibration detection unit for monitoring the status of the slider, which can reflect the wear of the slider and the change of the pre-tightening force. In some cases, the system is driven by a servo motor, which can adjust the motion state of the execution unit in real time to meet the simulation experiment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种模拟工况实验台，尤其是丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台。The invention relates to an experimental platform for simulating operating conditions, in particular to an experimental platform for simulating operating conditions of a screw and guide rail application system.
背景技术Background technique
滚动直线导轨及滚珠丝杠具有定位精度高、摩擦力小、运动平稳、传动效率高等优点，广泛应用在数控设备上，已经成为精密数控设备的关键部件。机床设计者可通过丝杠或导轨单独样本、手册来选择符合要求的产品，但是组装到一起后实际使用时所能达到的效果无法获得，而这些恰恰是影响产品设计成功与否的关键。Rolling linear guides and ball screws have the advantages of high positioning accuracy, small friction, stable movement, and high transmission efficiency. They are widely used in numerical control equipment and have become key components of precision numerical control equipment. Machine tool designers can select products that meet the requirements through separate samples and manuals of lead screws or guide rails, but the effects that can be achieved when assembled together cannot be obtained in actual use, and these are the keys to the success of product design.
目前针对功能部件的试验与评价系统单独分析居多，无法有效模拟实际应用系统，特别是在模拟加载力方面尤为欠缺。本装置的开发填补了这方面的空白，可以方便有效的模拟实际工况的受力情况，而且还可实时监测关键部件的实际工作状态，为机床设计者选用部件提供基础数据。At present, most of the test and evaluation systems for functional components are analyzed separately, which cannot effectively simulate the actual application system, especially in terms of simulated loading force. The development of this device fills in the gap in this area. It can conveniently and effectively simulate the stress of actual working conditions, and can also monitor the actual working status of key components in real time, providing basic data for machine tool designers to choose components.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台，可以方便有效的模拟实际工况的受力情况，而且还可实时监测关键部件的实际工作状态，为机床设计者选用部件提供基础数据。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a screw and guide rail application system simulation working condition test bench, which can conveniently and effectively simulate the stress of the actual working condition, and can also monitor the actual working status of key components in real time , to provide basic data for machine tool designers to select components.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台，包括床身、并行排列的导轨、丝杠、驱动丝杠转动的伺服电机，导轨通过夹具体安装在床身上，其特征在于，还包括托板、托板加载液压系统、丝杠轴向加载液压系统；The screw and guide rail application system simulation working condition test bench includes a bed, guide rails arranged in parallel, a lead screw, and a servo motor that drives the screw to rotate. The guide rail is installed on the bed through a clamp body. Pallet loading hydraulic system, lead screw axial loading hydraulic system;
所述托板安装在导轨上，托板连接丝杠，伺服电机驱动丝杠转动，丝杠带动托板沿导轨往复运动；The supporting plate is installed on the guide rail, the supporting plate is connected with a lead screw, the servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the supporting plate to reciprocate along the guide rail;
所述托板加载液压系统通过加载支撑板连接在托板顶部，托板加载液压系统将加载力传递到托板上，托板将加载力传递到导轨上；The pallet loading hydraulic system is connected to the top of the pallet through the loading support plate, the pallet loading hydraulic system transmits the loading force to the pallet, and the pallet transmits the loading force to the guide rail;
所述丝杠轴向加载液压系统通过定位座连接在托板一侧，丝杠轴向加载液压系统将加载力传递到托板上，托板将加载力传递到丝杠上。The hydraulic system for axial loading of the screw is connected to one side of the supporting plate through a positioning seat, the hydraulic system for axial loading of the screw transmits the loading force to the supporting plate, and the supporting plate transmits the loading force to the leading screw.
进一步地，所述导轨内侧设有并行排列的支撑导轨，支撑导轨安装在床身上，支撑导轨上安装有龙门架；Further, the inner side of the guide rails is provided with supporting guide rails arranged in parallel, the supporting guide rails are installed on the bed, and a gantry frame is installed on the supporting guide rails;
所述托板加载液压系统安装在龙门架上，龙门架通过浮动连杆与托板连接。The supporting plate loading hydraulic system is installed on the gantry, and the gantry is connected with the supporting plate through a floating link.
进一步地，所述托板底部设有螺母座，螺母座上安装有快换螺母，快换螺母套接在丝杠上。Further, a nut seat is provided at the bottom of the supporting plate, and a quick-change nut is installed on the nut seat, and the quick-change nut is sleeved on the lead screw.
进一步地，丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台还包括监测系统，监测系统包括用于检测托板加载液压系统加载力大小的压力传感器、用于检测丝杠轴向加载液压系统施加轴向力大小的拉力传感器、用于检测伺服电机输出给丝杠扭矩力大小的扭矩传感器、用于检测丝杠行程误差的光栅尺和编码器。Further, the simulated working condition test bench for the screw and guide rail application system also includes a monitoring system, the monitoring system includes a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force of the pallet loading hydraulic system, and a pressure sensor for detecting the axial loading of the screw by the hydraulic system. The tension sensor of the force, the torque sensor used to detect the torque output from the servo motor to the lead screw, the grating ruler and the encoder used to detect the stroke error of the lead screw.
进一步地，所述压力传感器设置在托板加载液压系统与加载支撑板之间，压力传感器通过连接板与加载支撑板相连。Further, the pressure sensor is arranged between the pallet loading hydraulic system and the loading support plate, and the pressure sensor is connected to the loading support plate through a connecting plate.
进一步地，所述拉力传感器设置在丝杠轴向加载液压系统端部，拉力传感器通过定位座与托板连接。Further, the tension sensor is arranged at the end of the axial loading hydraulic system of the lead screw, and the tension sensor is connected to the supporting plate through a positioning seat.
进一步地，所述扭矩传感器设置在伺服电机与丝杠之间，扭矩传感器通过联轴器Ⅰ与伺服电机连接，扭矩传感器通过联轴器Ⅱ与丝杠连接。Further, the torque sensor is arranged between the servo motor and the lead screw, the torque sensor is connected to the servo motor through coupling I, and the torque sensor is connected to the lead screw through coupling II.
进一步地，所述床身上通过支架Ⅰ安装有光栅尺的主尺，光栅尺的读数头通过支架Ⅱ固定在托板的底面上，光栅尺的读数头可随着托板做往复运动，光栅尺用于检测托板的直线位移；Further, the main ruler of the grating ruler is installed on the bed through the bracket I, and the reading head of the grating ruler is fixed on the bottom surface of the supporting plate through the bracket II, and the reading head of the grating ruler can reciprocate along with the supporting plate, and the grating ruler Used to detect the linear displacement of the pallet;
所述丝杠的旋转位移通过编码器测得，编码器安装在编码器座上，编码器座安装在床身上，同时编码器通过联轴器Ⅲ与丝杠连接；The rotational displacement of the lead screw is measured by an encoder, the encoder is installed on the encoder seat, the encoder seat is installed on the bed, and the encoder is connected to the lead screw through the coupling III;
所述光栅尺和编码器实测数据分别传输至数据处理单元进行分析计算，获得丝杠行程误差数据。The measured data of the grating ruler and the encoder are respectively transmitted to the data processing unit for analysis and calculation to obtain the screw stroke error data.
进一步地，所述导轨上装有滑块，每个滑块上均安装有振动监测装置，振动监测装置用于检测滑块运动振动情况，滑块运动振动情况用于表征滑块磨损情况。Further, sliders are installed on the guide rail, and a vibration monitoring device is installed on each slider. The vibration monitoring device is used to detect the vibration of the slider, and the vibration of the slider is used to characterize the wear of the slider.
进一步地，所述监测系统还包括多个温度检测点，全方位检测丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台的运行情况。Further, the monitoring system also includes a plurality of temperature detection points to comprehensively detect the running conditions of the screw and guide rail application system simulation working condition test bench.
采用如上技术方案取得的有益技术效果为：The beneficial technical effect obtained by adopting the above technical scheme is:
本发明可方便的模拟不同实际工况下，对导轨及丝杠执行单元进行测试，负载模拟装置采用伺服液压系统，可根据实际要求设置多种规律性负载及偏矩的模拟，丝杠行程误差测量装置采用光栅尺、编码器比差方式，测量加载试验时滚珠丝杠行程误差变化情况，滑块上设有振动检测单元，用于监测滑块状态，可反应滑块磨损及预紧力变化情况，系统采用伺服电机驱动，可实时调整执行单元的运动状态，以满足模拟实验。The invention can conveniently simulate different actual working conditions to test the guide rail and lead screw execution unit. The load simulation device adopts a servo hydraulic system, and can set various regular loads and bias moment simulations according to actual requirements, and the lead screw travel error The measuring device adopts the grating ruler and encoder ratio difference method to measure the variation of the stroke error of the ball screw during the loading test. The slider is equipped with a vibration detection unit for monitoring the status of the slider, which can reflect the wear of the slider and the change of the pre-tightening force. In this case, the system is driven by a servo motor, which can adjust the motion state of the execution unit in real time to meet the simulation experiment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台总体结构图。Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the simulated working condition test bench of the screw and guide rail application system of the present invention.
图2为本发明导轨加载系统结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the rail loading system of the present invention.
图3为本发明丝杠加载系统结构图。Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the screw loading system of the present invention.
图4为本发明丝杠驱动系统结构图。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the screw drive system of the present invention.
图5为本发明丝杠行程误差检测光栅尺系统结构图。Fig. 5 is a structure diagram of the grating ruler system for detecting the stroke error of the screw according to the present invention.
图6为本发明丝杠行程误差检测编码器系统结构图。Fig. 6 is a structure diagram of the encoder system for detecting the screw stroke error of the present invention.
图中，1、伺服电机，2、夹具体，3、扭矩传感器，4、导轨，5、支撑导轨，6、光栅尺，7、丝杠，8、托板，9、浮动连杆，10、加载支撑板，11、托板加载液压系统，12、龙门架，13、前后支架，14、编码器，15、前轴承座，16、丝杠轴向加载液压系统，17、床身，18、后轴承座，19、定位座；In the figure, 1. Servo motor, 2. Clamp body, 3. Torque sensor, 4. Guide rail, 5. Support guide rail, 6. Grating scale, 7. Lead screw, 8. Support plate, 9. Floating connecting rod, 10. Loading support plate, 11, pallet loading hydraulic system, 12, gantry, 13, front and rear brackets, 14, encoder, 15, front bearing seat, 16, screw axial loading hydraulic system, 17, bed, 18, Rear bearing seat, 19, positioning seat;
1a、电机座，3a、联轴器Ⅰ，3b、联轴器Ⅱ，6a、支架Ⅰ，6b、支架Ⅱ，10a、连接板，11a、压力传感器，13a、轴承支座，14a、联轴器Ⅲ,14b、编码器座，16a、拉力传感器。1a, Motor base, 3a, Coupling I, 3b, Coupling II, 6a, Bracket I, 6b, Bracket II, 10a, Connecting plate, 11a, Pressure sensor, 13a, Bearing support, 14a, Coupling Ⅲ, 14b, encoder seat, 16a, tension sensor.
具体实施方式detailed description
结合附图1至6对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明：The specific embodiment of the present invention is described further in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to 6:
丝杠、导轨模拟工况实验台主要包括床身17、伺服电机1、导轨4、丝杠7、托板加载液压系统11、丝杠轴向加载液压系统16。丝杠轴向加载液压系统16安装在前轴承座15和后轴承座18之间。导轨4安装在夹具体2上，夹具体2可根据试验产品不同进行更换，夹具体2安装在床身17上，托板8安装在导轨4上，加载支撑板10安装在托板8上，托板加载液压系统11安装在龙门架12上，龙门架12安装支撑导轨5上面，支撑导轨5安装在床身17上，龙门架12通过浮动连杆9与托板8连接。The screw and guide rail simulation working condition test bench mainly includes a bed 17, a servo motor 1, a guide rail 4, a screw 7, a pallet loading hydraulic system 11, and a screw axial loading hydraulic system 16. The axial loading hydraulic system 16 of the leading screw is installed between the front bearing housing 15 and the rear bearing housing 18 . The guide rail 4 is installed on the clamp body 2, and the clamp body 2 can be replaced according to different test products. The clamp body 2 is installed on the bed 17, the supporting plate 8 is installed on the guide rail 4, and the loading support plate 10 is installed on the supporting plate 8. The supporting plate loading hydraulic system 11 is installed on the gantry 12, the gantry 12 is installed on the support guide rail 5, the support guide rail 5 is installed on the bed 17, and the gantry 12 is connected with the supporting plate 8 through the floating connecting rod 9.
伺服电机1驱动试验滚珠丝杠7，驱动力矩由扭矩传感器3测得，滚珠丝杠7与托板8相连接，并驱动托板8沿试验导轨4运动，托板8通过浮动连杆9拖动龙门架12同步运动，丝杠7通过快换螺母套安装在螺母座中，螺母座与托板8通过螺钉做固定连接。The servo motor 1 drives the test ball screw 7, the driving torque is measured by the torque sensor 3, the ball screw 7 is connected with the supporting plate 8, and drives the supporting plate 8 to move along the test guide rail 4, and the supporting plate 8 is dragged by the floating connecting rod 9 The moving gantry 12 moves synchronously, and the leading screw 7 is installed in the nut seat by a quick-change nut sleeve, and the nut seat and the supporting plate 8 are fixedly connected by screws.
托板加载液压系统11与加载支撑板10之间设置压力传感器11a，用于检测加载系统的加载力大小，压力传感器11a通过连接板10a与加载支撑板10相连，加载支撑板10与托板8通过螺钉做固定连接，将托板加载液压系统11的加载力传递到托板8上，从而实现对被测导轨4的力的加载。A pressure sensor 11a is set between the pallet loading hydraulic system 11 and the loading support plate 10 to detect the loading force of the loading system. The screw is fixedly connected, and the loading force of the pallet loading hydraulic system 11 is transmitted to the pallet 8, so as to realize the force loading of the tested guide rail 4 .
丝杠、导轨应用系统模拟工况实验台还包括监测系统，监测系统包括用于检测托板加载液压系统加载力大小的压力传感器、用于检测丝杠轴向加载液压系统施加轴向力大小的拉力传感器、用于检测伺服电机输出给丝杠扭矩力大小的扭矩传感器、用于检测丝杠行程误差的光栅尺和编码器。The simulated working condition test bench for screw and guide rail application system also includes a monitoring system, which includes a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force of the pallet loading hydraulic system, and a pressure sensor for detecting the axial force applied by the hydraulic system for axial loading of the screw. Tension sensor, a torque sensor used to detect the torque output from the servo motor to the lead screw, a grating ruler and an encoder used to detect the travel error of the lead screw.
丝杠轴向加载液压系统16端部设有拉力传感器16a，用于检测施加的轴向力，拉力传感器16a通过定位座19与托板8连接，通过托板8将加载力传递给丝杠7，实现对丝杠的轴向力的加载。The end of the screw axial loading hydraulic system 16 is provided with a tension sensor 16a for detecting the applied axial force. The tension sensor 16a is connected to the supporting plate 8 through the positioning seat 19, and the loading force is transmitted to the screw 7 through the supporting plate 8 , to realize the loading of the axial force on the screw.
丝杠7安装在前后支架13之间，端部装有轴承支座13a，伺服电机1安装在电机座1a上，伺服电机1与丝杠7之间设有扭矩传感器3，扭矩传感器3通过联轴器3a、3b分别与伺服电机1及丝杠7连接，用于检测伺服电机1输出给丝杠7的扭矩力的大小。The leading screw 7 is installed between the front and rear brackets 13, the end is equipped with a bearing support 13a, the servo motor 1 is installed on the motor seat 1a, a torque sensor 3 is arranged between the servo motor 1 and the leading screw 7, and the torque sensor 3 is connected through the joint. The shaft devices 3a, 3b are respectively connected with the servo motor 1 and the lead screw 7, and are used to detect the magnitude of the torque output from the servo motor 1 to the lead screw 7.
光栅尺6主尺通过支架Ⅰ6a安装在床身17上，光栅尺6读数头通过支架Ⅱ6b固定在托板8的底面上，并可随着托板8做往复运动，检测托板8的直线位移，丝杠7旋转位移通过编码器14测得；编码器14安装在编码器座14b上，编码器座14b安装在床身17上，同时编码器14通过联轴器Ⅲ14a与丝杠7连接，实现丝杠旋转位移检测；实测数据分别传输至数据处理单元进行分析计算，获得丝杠形成误差数据。The main scale of the grating ruler 6 is installed on the bed 17 through the bracket Ⅰ6a, and the reading head of the grating ruler 6 is fixed on the bottom surface of the supporting board 8 through the supporting bracket Ⅱ6b, and can reciprocate with the supporting board 8 to detect the linear displacement of the supporting board 8 , the rotational displacement of the screw 7 is measured by the encoder 14; the encoder 14 is installed on the encoder base 14b, the encoder base 14b is installed on the bed 17, and the encoder 14 is connected to the screw 7 through the coupling III 14a, Realize the detection of the rotation displacement of the screw; the measured data are respectively transmitted to the data processing unit for analysis and calculation, and the error data of the screw is obtained.
滑块振动检测单元，导轨4每个滑块上安装有振动监测装置，用于检测滑块运动振动情况，用于表征滑块磨损情况。Slider vibration detection unit, a vibration monitoring device is installed on each slider of the guide rail 4, which is used to detect the vibration of the slider movement and to characterize the wear of the slider.
各关键组件的温度检测单元，丝杠、导轨模拟工况实验台中各个转动副、移动副及关节处均设有温度检测点，全方位检测实验装置运行情况，实现异常情况及时获得。The temperature detection unit of each key component, and the temperature detection points of each rotating pair, moving pair and joints in the screw and guide rail simulation working condition test bench are all equipped with temperature detection points to detect the operation of the experimental device in an all-round way, so as to realize timely detection of abnormal conditions.
压力传感器、拉力传感器、扭矩传感器、光栅尺、编码器、滑块振动检测单元温度检测单元均通过数据处理单元连接电脑，便于实时获取数据。The pressure sensor, tension sensor, torque sensor, grating scale, encoder, slider vibration detection unit and temperature detection unit are all connected to the computer through the data processing unit to facilitate real-time data acquisition.
本发明可方便的模拟不同实际工况下，对导轨4及丝杠7执行单元进行测试，实验台包括导轨承载机构3个方向的负载及转矩模拟装置，即丝杠轴向负载加载装置、丝杠行程误差实时测量装置、滑块振动检测装置。负载模拟装置采用伺服液压系统，即托板加载液压系统、丝杠轴向加载液压系统，可根据实际要求设置多种规律性负载及偏矩的模拟。丝杠行程误差测量装置采用光栅尺6、编码器14比差方式，测量加载试验时滚珠丝杠7行程误差变化情况。滑块上设有振动检测单元，用于监测滑块状态，可反应滑块磨损及预紧力变化情况。系统采用伺服电机1驱动，可实时调整执行单元的运动状态，以满足模拟实验。加载龙门架12安装在一套支撑导轨5上，通过浮动连杆9与实验台托板8相连，并可随之运动。通过以上装置实现导轨4与丝杠7应用系统模拟实验。The present invention can conveniently simulate different actual working conditions to test the execution units of the guide rail 4 and the lead screw 7. The test bench includes load and torque simulation devices in three directions of the guide rail bearing mechanism, that is, the axial load loading device of the lead screw, A real-time measuring device for screw stroke error, and a slider vibration detection device. The load simulation device adopts the servo hydraulic system, that is, the supporting plate loading hydraulic system and the screw axial loading hydraulic system, and various regular load and bias moment simulations can be set according to actual requirements. The stroke error measuring device of the screw adopts the ratio difference method of the grating ruler 6 and the encoder 14 to measure the variation of the stroke error of the ball screw 7 during the loading test. The slider is equipped with a vibration detection unit, which is used to monitor the state of the slider, and can reflect the wear and tear of the slider and the change of the pre-tightening force. The system is driven by a servo motor 1, which can adjust the motion state of the execution unit in real time to meet the simulation experiment. The loading gantry 12 is installed on a set of supporting guide rails 5, is connected with the test bench supporting plate 8 through a floating link 9, and can move accordingly. The simulation experiment of the application system of the guide rail 4 and the lead screw 7 is realized through the above devices.
设定模拟某一实际工况后，首先通过数控系统编制数控程序，控制伺服电机1驱动丝杠7拖动整个系统运动。设定托板加载液压系统11对系统施加负载力参数，并通过压力传感器11a对设定参数进行复核，并进入电脑处理系统进行对比，确定理论与实际相符后，设定丝杠轴向加载液压系统16参数，同理通过拉力传感器16a对系统进行校核。将滑块振动检测装置安装到各待测滑块上，温度传感器安放至各监测位置。After setting and simulating a certain actual working condition, firstly, the numerical control program is compiled through the numerical control system, and the servo motor 1 is controlled to drive the lead screw 7 to drag the whole system to move. Set the pallet loading hydraulic system 11 to apply load force parameters to the system, and check the set parameters through the pressure sensor 11a, and enter the computer processing system for comparison. After confirming that the theory is consistent with the actual situation, set the axial loading hydraulic pressure of the screw The parameters of the system 16 are similarly checked by the tension sensor 16a. Install the slider vibration detection device on each slider to be tested, and place the temperature sensor at each monitoring position.
启动实验台，采集光栅尺6与编码器14检测数据，对实验过程中的丝杠螺距误差进行测量，导入数据处理系统进行分析，从而获得整个实验周期内丝杠螺距误差变化情况。Start the test bench, collect the detection data of the grating ruler 6 and the encoder 14, measure the pitch error of the lead screw during the experiment, and import it into the data processing system for analysis, so as to obtain the change of the pitch error of the lead screw during the entire experiment period.
伺服系统及伺服电机采用最先进的系统，可模拟各种复杂的运动情况，满足各种实验的需要。The servo system and servo motor adopt the most advanced system, which can simulate various complex motion situations and meet the needs of various experiments.
当然，以上说明仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例，本发明并不限于列举上述实施例，应当说明的是，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本说明书的指导下，所做出的所有等同替代、明显变形形式，均落在本说明书的实质范围之内，理应受到本发明的保护。Of course, the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. It should be noted that all equivalent substitutions made by any person skilled in the art under the guidance of this specification , obvious deformation forms, all fall within the essential scope of this specification, and should be protected by the present invention.
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