CN106017889A - Test device and detection method for detecting comprehensive performance degradation of rolling linear guideway pair - Google Patents
Test device and detection method for detecting comprehensive performance degradation of rolling linear guideway pair Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种检测滚动直线导轨副综合性能退化的试验装置及检测方法,属于精密数控制造技术领域。利用三向力传感器设计滑块导轨加载运行试验装置,实验装置采用气缸对直线滚动导轨副的垂直方向和侧面方向加载,通过数控机床主轴带动实验装置进行运动。滑块和传感器与主轴通过特殊设计的连接装置进行连接,利用数控系统有规律的带着滑块做往复直线运动,连接方式理论上可以采用刚性连接,但是考虑到数控系统工作台也有一定程度的平行度偏差和角度误差,本发明采用弹性系数合适的钢质弹簧作为缓冲元件,分别布置在滑块轴向和侧向。本发明也可利用主轴的下降或者侧向偏置量对滑块进行加载,为了保证主轴对滑块的加载更平稳和不具备破坏性。
The invention discloses a test device and a detection method for detecting the degradation of the comprehensive performance of a rolling linear guide rail pair, which belong to the technical field of precision numerical control manufacturing. The three-way force sensor is used to design the loading and running test device of the slider guide rail. The experimental device uses the cylinder to load the vertical direction and the side direction of the linear rolling guide pair, and the experimental device is driven by the spindle of the CNC machine tool to move. The slider, the sensor and the spindle are connected through a specially designed connection device, and the CNC system is used to carry out the reciprocating linear motion with the slider regularly. For parallelism deviation and angle error, the present invention uses steel springs with appropriate elastic coefficients as buffer elements, which are respectively arranged in the axial direction and lateral direction of the slider. The present invention can also use the lowering of the main shaft or the lateral offset to load the slider, in order to ensure that the main shaft loads the slider more smoothly and without destructiveness.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种检测滚动直线导轨副综合性能退化的试验装置及检测方法,属于精密数控制造技术领域。The invention relates to a test device and a detection method for detecting the degradation of comprehensive performance of a rolling linear guide rail pair, and belongs to the technical field of precision numerical control manufacturing.
背景技术Background technique
国内研制并生产的机床导轨在精度、耐磨形,刚度等综合性能方面跟国外导轨相比都处于劣势状况。国内导轨一般采用增加滚动体直径或其他提高预紧的方法来提高导轨副刚度,延长精度损失时间。然而影响直线导轨性能的因素很多,单一靠增加预紧力提高刚度和延长精度保持时间是否能提高综合性能还不确定,预紧力的退化规律以及刚度退化的规律仍处于不断研究阶段。Compared with foreign guide rails, the domestically developed and produced machine tool guide rails are at a disadvantage in terms of precision, wear-resistant shape, rigidity and other comprehensive performance. Domestic guide rails generally increase the diameter of rolling elements or other methods of increasing preload to increase the stiffness of the guide rail pair and prolong the loss of accuracy time. However, there are many factors that affect the performance of linear guides. It is still uncertain whether increasing the preload to increase the stiffness and prolonging the accuracy retention time can improve the overall performance. The degradation law of the preload force and the law of stiffness degradation are still in the stage of continuous research.
为了提高国产导轨的综合性能,国内学者正在进行着不懈的努力,如何研究导轨运行过程中的预紧力、摩擦力和刚度的退化过程成为研究者遇到的难题,In order to improve the comprehensive performance of domestic guide rails, domestic scholars are making unremitting efforts. How to study the degradation process of preload, friction and stiffness during the operation of guide rails has become a difficult problem for researchers.
本发明提出并设计了一种利用精密三向力传感器检测直线导轨综合性能的检测装置,并提出,利用该装置对导轨进行加载试验并检测综合性能退化过程的方法。本装置可用于检测导轨受垂直载荷和侧向载荷时的摩擦力退化、刚度及预紧力退化规律的综合性能检测,本发明装置也可用于检测导轨副滚珠或滚道破坏时的振动分析和可靠性的分析。The invention proposes and designs a detection device for detecting the comprehensive performance of a linear guide rail by using a precision three-way force sensor, and proposes a method for using the device to carry out a loading test on the guide rail and detect the degradation process of the comprehensive performance. The device can be used to detect the comprehensive performance detection of the friction degradation, stiffness and pre-tightening force degradation law when the guide rail is subjected to vertical load and lateral load. The device of the present invention can also be used to detect the vibration analysis and Analysis of Reliability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种检测滚动直线导轨副综合性能退化的试验装置及检测方法,用于分析检测直线导轨副的精度退化、刚度退化、预紧力退化的研究。属于精密数控制造技术领域。The object of the present invention is to propose a test device and detection method for detecting the degradation of the comprehensive performance of the rolling linear guide pair, which is used to analyze and detect the accuracy degradation, stiffness degradation, and preload degradation of the linear guide pair. It belongs to the technical field of precision numerical control manufacturing.
技术解决方案:Technical solution:
本发明利用三向力传感器设计滑动导轨加载运行试验装置,试验装置采用气缸对直线滚动导轨副的侧向方向进行加载,利用主轴向下通过角接触球轴承或者止推轴承对导轨副垂直方向进行加载,通过数控机床工作台带动试验装置进行直线运动。滑块和传感器、传感器与刀柄均通过特殊设计的连接装置进行连接,利用数控系统有规律的带动滑块做往复直线运动,连接方式理论上可以采用刚性连接,但是考虑到数控系统工作台也有一定程度的平行度偏差和角度误差,本发明采用弹性系数合适的钢质弹簧作为缓冲元件,分别布置在连接结构的轴向和侧向。本发明也可利用主轴的下降或者侧向偏置量对滑块进行加载,为了保证主轴对滑块的加载更平稳和不具备破坏性,本发明采用蝶形弹簧对垂直方向加载力进行缓冲。The invention uses a three-way force sensor to design a sliding guide rail loading and running test device. The test device uses a cylinder to load the lateral direction of the linear rolling guide rail pair, and uses the main shaft to pass through the angular contact ball bearing or thrust bearing to the vertical direction of the guide rail pair. Loading is carried out, and the test device is driven by the CNC machine tool table to perform linear motion. The slider and the sensor, and the sensor and the handle are all connected by a specially designed connection device, and the CNC system is used to drive the slider to do reciprocating linear motion regularly. The connection method can theoretically be rigid connection, but considering that the CNC system worktable also For a certain degree of parallelism deviation and angle error, the present invention uses steel springs with appropriate elastic coefficients as buffer elements, which are respectively arranged in the axial direction and lateral direction of the connection structure. The present invention can also use the lowering of the main shaft or the lateral offset to load the slider. In order to ensure that the main shaft loads the slider more smoothly and without destructiveness, the present invention uses butterfly springs to buffer the loading force in the vertical direction.
安装完毕后先测出直线导轨在滑块运动方向及两个正交法线上的平行度误差,同时测量直线导轨的垂直刚度和侧向刚度以及摩擦力,并作为初始值保存,当加载运行一定时间后再次测量平行度误差,垂直刚度及侧向刚度,按照时间顺序分析测量结果,分析在运行过程中滑块与导轨的预紧力损失,刚度损失,进而得到精度损失规律,本发明装置也可以进行在线测量,实时采集滑块和导轨的动态力和振动信号等参数。After the installation is completed, first measure the parallelism error of the linear guide in the moving direction of the slider and the two orthogonal normal lines, and measure the vertical stiffness, lateral stiffness and friction of the linear guide at the same time, and save it as the initial value. When loading and running After a certain period of time, measure the parallelism error, vertical stiffness and lateral stiffness again, analyze the measurement results according to the time sequence, analyze the preload loss and stiffness loss of the slider and the guide rail during the operation, and then obtain the law of precision loss. The device of the present invention Online measurement can also be carried out, and parameters such as dynamic force and vibration signals of sliders and guide rails can be collected in real time.
本发明装置在进行加载运行时利用装有弹簧或其它减振结构的装置,但是在测量滑块刚度时需要将带有弹簧或其它减振元件的结构拆下,避免弹性元件对测量数据的干扰。The device of the present invention utilizes a device equipped with a spring or other damping structure during loading operation, but the structure with the spring or other damping element needs to be removed when measuring the stiffness of the slider, so as to avoid the interference of the elastic element on the measurement data .
本发明装置还可以实时监测导轨运动过程中的摩擦力,也可以通过检测滑块逐渐加速的运行状态下的摩擦及磨损退化试验。The device of the invention can also monitor the frictional force during the movement of the guide rail in real time, and also can detect the friction and wear degradation test under the gradually accelerated running state of the slider.
本发明装置可以很好的解决导轨与滑块垂直和侧向两个方向同时受载荷的综合性能退化问题,本发明提出的试验方法可以检测滑块受垂直和侧向双向载荷并作匀速以及阶段加速运行情况下的综合性能参数的测量。对于研究直线导轨的综合性能退化具有重要意义,The device of the present invention can well solve the comprehensive performance degradation problem that the guide rail and the slider are loaded in both vertical and lateral directions at the same time. Measurement of comprehensive performance parameters under accelerated operating conditions. It is of great significance to study the comprehensive performance degradation of linear guides.
本发明的装置可以用于检测导轨的精密跑合试验以及直线导轨副磨损试验场合,也可用于直线导轨破坏引起的振动的检测试验和刀柄旋转运动下受载荷直线导轨的微动磨损试验。The device of the present invention can be used for the precision run-in test of the detection guide rail and the wear test of the linear guide rail pair, and can also be used for the detection test of the vibration caused by the damage of the linear guide rail and the fretting wear test of the loaded linear guide rail under the rotary motion of the tool handle.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明装置主视图;Fig. 1 is the front view of device of the present invention;
图2为图1的左视图;Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
图3为图1的俯视图;Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1;
图4为槽式连接板5内弹簧分布图;Fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of springs in the trough connecting plate 5;
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1-4所示,一种检测滚动直线导轨副综合性能退化的试验装置,该装置的直线导轨副安装在机床工作台15上,直线导轨副包括导轨1和滑块2,滑块2安装在导轨1上;力传感器13能够同时检测三个方向的力的大小,连接板14用于连接力传感器13和滑块2;力传感器13上部设有一个垫片12,垫片12通过粘结剂连接槽式连接板5,力传感器13、连接板14、槽式连接板5都通过螺钉3连接在一起并固定;在槽式连接板5内装有四组弹簧4,弹簧4的弹性系数要大于主轴加速过程中产生的惯性力,轴承套6内装有轴承7,轴承7内孔装有主轴刀柄9,刀柄9通过螺母8与主轴相连,根据试验要求能够更换不同直径的刀柄9,同时轴承7尺寸需要进行相应调整,轴承套6底部与槽式连接板5之间安装有蝶形弹簧11,蝶形弹簧11的作用为减少刀柄9垂直载荷对连接装置的冲击。As shown in Figure 1-4, it is a test device for detecting the degradation of the comprehensive performance of rolling linear guide rails. The linear guide rails of this device are installed on the machine tool table 15. The linear guide rails include guide rail 1 and slider 2. Slider 2 Installed on the guide rail 1; the force sensor 13 can simultaneously detect the magnitude of the force in three directions, and the connecting plate 14 is used to connect the force sensor 13 and the slider 2; the force sensor 13 top is provided with a pad 12, and the pad 12 is glued The bonding agent connects the trough connecting plate 5, the force sensor 13, the connecting plate 14, and the trough connecting plate 5 are all connected together and fixed by screws 3; four groups of springs 4 are housed in the trough connecting plate 5, and the spring coefficient To be greater than the inertial force generated during the acceleration of the spindle, the bearing sleeve 6 is equipped with a bearing 7, and the inner hole of the bearing 7 is equipped with a spindle tool holder 9, which is connected to the main shaft through a nut 8, and the tool holder with different diameters can be replaced according to the test requirements 9. At the same time, the size of the bearing 7 needs to be adjusted accordingly. A butterfly spring 11 is installed between the bottom of the bearing sleeve 6 and the grooved connecting plate 5. The function of the butterfly spring 11 is to reduce the impact of the vertical load of the handle 9 on the connecting device.
蝶形弹簧11弹性系数足够大以便起到缓冲冲击力的作用;利用刀柄和外加气缸分别对滑块进行垂直加载和侧向加载;刀柄通过角接触轴承或者止推轴承或平面轴承进行加载。The elastic coefficient of the belleville spring 11 is large enough to buffer the impact force; the slider is loaded vertically and laterally by the tool handle and the external cylinder; the tool handle is loaded by angular contact bearings, thrust bearings or plane bearings .
本装置要求检测的精度为微米级,因此,滑块与主轴的初始安装精度和数控机床工作台进给误差以及主轴初始回转误差均不能忽视,在做直线导轨加载跑合试验之前检测并作记录和分析;本装置在主轴与滑块之间增加高刚度的弹簧和碟簧,一方面为得到足够高的刚度连接,另一方面能够吸收来自主轴的加速惯性力和冲击力,外加气缸的压力值不能超过机床主轴侧向额定加载力。The detection accuracy required by this device is at the micron level. Therefore, the initial installation accuracy of the slider and the spindle, the feed error of the CNC machine tool table, and the initial rotation error of the spindle cannot be ignored. Detect and record before doing the linear guide rail loading and running-in test and analysis; this device adds high-stiffness springs and disc springs between the main shaft and the slider. The value cannot exceed the rated lateral loading force of the machine spindle.
刀柄9与滑块2之间并非刚性连接而是设有弹簧4或蝶形弹簧11的弹性元件,并且弹性元件的弹性系数根据加载力和加载速度决定.加载力可由安装在本装置内的力传感器13检测;力传感器13具有0.1牛顿的检测精度,能够检测直线导轨运行在不同速度下的摩擦力;此装置还能够检测滑块与导轨间的垂直刚度和侧向刚度,在磨损试验中能够检测不同磨损时间的刚度变化。There is no rigid connection between the tool handle 9 and the slider 2, but an elastic element of the spring 4 or butterfly spring 11, and the elastic coefficient of the elastic element is determined according to the loading force and loading speed. The loading force can be determined by the The force sensor 13 detects; the force sensor 13 has a detection accuracy of 0.1 Newton, and can detect the friction force of the linear guide rail running at different speeds; this device can also detect the vertical stiffness and lateral stiffness between the slider and the guide rail. In the wear test Ability to detect changes in stiffness over time of wear.
一种检测滚动直线导轨副综合性能退化的检测方法,具体检测步骤和方法如下:A detection method for detecting the degradation of comprehensive performance of a rolling linear guide pair, the specific detection steps and methods are as follows:
第一步,安装调试完毕后,利用激光干涉仪或其他位置测量仪检测初始安装误差,包括滑块在导轨整个行程中的两个直线度误差和三个偏转角度误差;The first step, after installation and debugging, use laser interferometer or other position measuring instruments to detect initial installation errors, including two straightness errors and three deflection angle errors of the slider in the entire stroke of the guide rail;
第二步,数控系统对工作台进行位置控制实现滑块与导轨直线往复移动,连接装置及主轴的受力为零的位置为初始位置,通过外置气缸对滑块侧向进行加载,利用刀柄通过角接触轴承和止推轴承对滑块垂直方向进行加载,该装置中的三方向传感器即可检测运行过程中的力信号也能够检测振动信号;In the second step, the numerical control system controls the position of the workbench to realize the linear reciprocating movement of the slider and the guide rail. The position where the force of the connecting device and the main shaft is zero is the initial position, and the slider is loaded laterally through the external cylinder. The handle loads the vertical direction of the slider through the angular contact bearing and the thrust bearing, and the three-directional sensor in the device can detect the force signal and the vibration signal during operation;
第三步,设计循环运行程序,进行跑合试验,试验分两种运行方式,分别为不同加载力等级下匀速运行方式和相同加载力不同运行速度方式;分别测量滑块在运行状况下的精度损失和刚度损失和摩擦力变化情况;运行里程根据试验要求进行规划,对同一型号的不同直线导轨副分别进行两种方式的试验,并对数据加以对比;The third step is to design a cycle operation program and conduct a run-in test. The test is divided into two operation modes, namely, the uniform speed operation mode under different loading force levels and the same loading force and different operating speed mode; respectively measure the accuracy of the slider under operating conditions Loss and rigidity loss and frictional force changes; the operating mileage is planned according to the test requirements, and two types of tests are carried out on different linear guide pairs of the same model, and the data are compared;
第四步,利用机床数控系统还能够实现直线导轨副的阶段加速运行;从而能够通过测量滚珠不同运动速度下的通过率,进行滚动体的相对运动分析,从而得到差动滑动的大小,进而能够进行直线导轨副磨损分析。The fourth step is to use the CNC system of the machine tool to realize the staged acceleration of the linear guide pair; thus, the relative motion analysis of the rolling elements can be carried out by measuring the passing rate of the balls at different speeds, so as to obtain the size of the differential sliding, and then can Carry out the wear analysis of the linear guide pair.
刀柄与滑块的连接装置能够用于检测导轨的精密跑合试验及直线导轨副磨损试验,也可用于导轨可靠性退化的检测试验和电机旋转运动下,垂直加载的滑块的微动磨损试验。The connecting device between the tool handle and the slider can be used to detect the precision run-in test of the guide rail and the wear test of the linear guide rail pair, and can also be used for the detection test of the reliability degradation of the guide rail and the fretting wear of the vertically loaded slider under the rotating motion of the motor test.
主轴刀柄通过装置带动滑块作直线往复运动,本装置中的三方向传感器能够实时检测到三方向作用力,随着磨损的加大滑块预紧力和刚度退化,本装置能够检测动态力与滑块振动信号。The spindle tool handle drives the slider to reciprocate in a straight line through the device. The three-direction sensor in this device can detect the force in three directions in real time. Vibrate signal with slider.
本装置能够实现匀速加载试验和加速加载试验,进而能够对比分析两种加载状态下,直线导轨副预紧力退化、刚度退化和摩擦性能退化规律。The device can realize the uniform loading test and the accelerated loading test, and then can compare and analyze the law of pretightening force degradation, stiffness degradation and friction performance degradation of the linear guide pair under the two loading states.
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Cited By (17)
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CN106845117A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 北京工业大学 | Guide pair of machine tool linearity decline computational methods under a kind of random wear working condition |
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CN108943015A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-12-07 | 发那科株式会社 | The damage detection apparatus and damage detecting method of linear guide |
US10464220B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2019-11-05 | Fanuc Corporation | Apparatus and method for detecting damage to linear guide |
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CN107505125A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-12-22 | 南京理工大学 | Linear rolling guide reliability accelerated test method |
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CN108145531B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2020-08-07 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A device and method for detecting kinematic characteristics and accuracy degradation laws of machine tools |
CN108871744A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 东南大学 | A kind of multi-state line slideway auxiliary friction wear testing machine |
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CN108802350A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-11-13 | 山东交通学院 | A kind of H-shaped guide rail for the circulating accelerating and loading test equipment of straight line |
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CN110595771A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-20 | 南京理工大学 | Device and method for synchronous and rapid measurement of preload and friction of rolling linear guide rail pair |
CN110595771B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-07-13 | 南京理工大学 | Device and method for simultaneous rapid measurement of preload and friction force of rolling linear guide pair |
CN110660312B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2022-06-03 | 佛山市增广智能科技有限公司 | Force position control teaching execution method |
CN110660312A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-07 | 佛山市增广智能科技有限公司 | Force position control teaching execution method |
CN111307488A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Linear rolling guide rail dynamic characteristic test device and test method |
CN112697337A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-23 | 北京航天万鸿高科技有限公司 | Precise linear motion displacement pressure loading intelligent system |
CN112697337B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-08-12 | 北京航天万鸿高科技有限公司 | Precise linear motion displacement pressure loading intelligent system |
CN113011041A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-22 | 南京理工大学 | Rolling linear guide rail pair pretightening force recession calculation method considering microcosmic contact characteristic |
CN113011041B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-21 | 南京理工大学 | Rolling linear guide rail pair pretightening force recession calculation method considering microcosmic contact characteristic |
CN113460596A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-10-01 | 华强方特(深圳)科技有限公司 | Slide rail self-adaptation subassembly, device and track system |
CN114858100A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-05 | 河北维迪自动化技术有限公司 | Linear guide rail pair precision detection device and detection method |
CN115420489A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-02 | 咸阳丰宁机械有限公司 | Wear detection platform for linear guide rail pair with variable load |
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