CN106270510A - A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part Download PDFInfo
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- CN106270510A CN106270510A CN201610724783.7A CN201610724783A CN106270510A CN 106270510 A CN106270510 A CN 106270510A CN 201610724783 A CN201610724783 A CN 201610724783A CN 106270510 A CN106270510 A CN 106270510A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/16—Formation of a green body by embedding the binder within the powder bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method includes sintering the steps such as raw material pre-treatment, raw material cladding, powder reduction, 3D printing, defat, sintering.The present invention simplifies production procedure by the method, reduces the requirement to material, and improves raw-material utilization rate, reduces cost of investment simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing technique field, be specifically related to one and utilize plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/conjunction
The method of metal parts.
Background technology
It is a kind of rapid shaping technique that 3D prints, and it is a kind of based on mathematical model file, uses powdery metal
Or plastics etc. can jointing material, by the way of successively printing, carry out the technology of constructed object.Often in Making mold, industrial design etc.
Field is used for modeling, after be gradually available for the direct manufacture of some products, had and used this technology to print
Parts.3D printing technique is the main way of realization of " increasing material manufacture "！So-called " increasing material manufacture " refers to be different from traditional " going
Except type " manufacture, it is not necessary to proembryo and mould, directly according to computer graphics data, generate any by the method increasing material
The object of shape.Great advantage can simplify fabrication schedule exactly, shortens the new product lead time, reduces development cost and risk！Phase
Ratio conventional fabrication processes, 3D prints and saves raw material, and materials only have original 1/3 to 1/2, manufacturing speed fast 3-4 times.
Metal parts 3D printing technique, as forefront and most potential technology in whole 3D printing system, is first system
Make the important development direction of technology.According to the mode that adds of metal dust metal 3D printing technique is divided into 3 classes: 1) use laser
Irradiating the metal dust sprawled in advance, this method is widely used by equipment manufacturer and each scientific research institutions at present, including using
Laser irradiates the powder stream of nozzle conveying, and the laser-engineered clean molding that laser works with conveying powder simultaneously, the method is current
Use the most at home；2) selective laser smelting technology；3) electricity of the metal dust that employing electron-beam melting is sprawled in advance
Son bundle smelting technology, the method is similar to the 1st class principle, simply uses thermal source different.
In existing technology.Utilizing 3D printing technique to manufacture in the method for metallic element, Making programme is relative complex, system
Time of making is long, and the utilization rate of raw material is relatively low, causes the waste of fund cost, and the metallic element produced exists stealthy wind
Danger.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one and utilize plastics 3D printer to print system
The method making metal/alloy part, simplifies production procedure by the method, reduces the requirement to material, and improves raw-material
Utilization rate, reduces cost of investment simultaneously.
For solving the problems referred to above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method comprises the following steps:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the metal dust of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
Mixing roll carries out banburying, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven sintering, obtain finished product.
As further scheme, the step 2 of the present invention) described in metal dust and POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
Consumption be calculated in mass percent and be respectively as follows:
POM 3%-10%；
PE 4%-6%；
PP 2%-4%；
Antioxidant 0.1%-1%；
Metal dust surplus.
As further scheme, the step 2 of the present invention) in use the temperature of banburying of mixing roll to be set to 160-200
DEG C, the banburying time is 1.5-2.5 hour, and banburying is down to room temperature after completing immediately.
As further scheme, step 5 of the present invention) in skimming processes, catalysis gas is HNO3, debinding furnace
Temperature is set to 110-130 DEG C, and degreasing time is 4-6 hour.
As further scheme, the speed that catalysis gas of the present invention is passed through in debinding furnace is 0.01-0.05mL/
min。
As further scheme, step 6 of the present invention) temperature that sinters is 800-1000 DEG C.
As further scheme, metal dust of the present invention is ferroalloy powder, powder of stainless steel, Titanium Powder
One in end, Al alloy powder, titanium powder.
As further scheme, method of the present invention also includes step 6) sintering after part again at HIP
Sintering furnace carries out complete densification.
Compared to existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
In the method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part of the present invention, to metal dust
Pattern, oxygen content and particle diameter there is no special requirement, the source of extensive magnitude metal dust raw material, reduce 3D print to former
The technology requirement of material；
In the method utilizing 3D to print manufacture metal/alloy part of the present invention, 3D printer used is commonly to mould
Material printer；
The most of the present invention utilize plastics 3D printer print manufacture metal/alloy part method in right by realizing
The process of metal dust, improves raw-material utilization rate, greatly reduces the requirement to equipment, has saved manufacturing cost；
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most of the present invention can relate to doctor
Treatment, civilian even military and aviation field.
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.
Detailed description of the invention
Of the present invention utilize plastics 3D printer print manufacture metal/alloy part method, the method include with
Lower step:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the metal dust of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
Mixing roll carries out banburying, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven sintering, obtain finished product.
As further scheme, the step 2 of the present invention) described in metal dust and POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
Consumption be calculated in mass percent and be respectively as follows:
POM 3%-10%；
PE 4%-6%；
PP 2%-4%；
Antioxidant 0.1%-1%；
Metal dust surplus.
In the present invention, " POM " refers to polyformaldehyde, and it is used as bonding agent in such scheme, to metal dust
Flowing and the effect of bonding is played during banburying cladding." PE " i.e. polyethylene, in such scheme, PE plays part before sintering
Guarantor's type effect of semi-finished product；As preferably, in the present invention, polyethylene uses high density polyethylene (HDPE)." PP " i.e. polypropylene, rises
Guarantor's type effect of part semi-finished product before sintering.
As further scheme, the step 2 of the present invention) in use the temperature of banburying of mixing roll to be set to 160-200
DEG C, the banburying time is 1.5-2.5 hour, and banburying is down to room temperature after completing immediately.Metal powder surface cladding after banburying
One floor height molecular material, in 3D print procedure, the processing characteristics of this metal powder granulates being coated with macromolecular material
Being improved, can print the object of arbitrary shape, print relative to traditional 3D, the requirement to 3D printer is dropped significantly
Low, just can realize with the 3D printer of common print plastic powders
In the skimming processes of the present invention, the principle of catalysis degreasing is to utilize a kind of catalyst organic carrier molecules depolymerization
For less volatilizable molecule, the organic carrier molecules in other skimming processes of these molecular proportions has higher vapour pressure, energy
Promptly diffuse out base substrate.Therefore, degreasing rate is affected by skimming temp, owing to polyformaldehyde is to be opened by end under acidity effect
Beginning progressively to decompose, along with the increase of reaction temperature, but temperature is too high, makes catalysis degreasing reaction too fast, produces in base substrate
Organic molecule air pressure is crossed conference and is caused base substrate defat defect occur；Additionally temperature is too high, can cause base substrate softening transform；And urge
Changing skimming temp the lowest, the speed of the least this depolymerization reaction of debinding rate increases, and causes debinding rate to increase.In addition defat
Rate is affected by defat catalysis time, is embodied in along with the catalysis degreasing time increases, and injection moulding base defat amount increases, and
And increase over time, defat amount increases trend and flattens surely.Accordingly, as preferred scheme, step 5 of the present invention) de-
During fat, catalysis gas is HNO3, the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 110-130 DEG C, and degreasing time is 4-6 hour.
In the skimming processes of the present invention, HNO3Gas flow increase makes to be catalyzed HNO in gas3Concentration increases, thus promotees
Enter the depolymerization reaction of POM, but HNO3The flow of gas can not be too big, if HNO3Concentration the biggest catalysis gas has necessarily
Corrosivity, powder and equipment can be worked the mischief.Accordingly, as preferred scheme, catalysis gas of the present invention is passed through
Speed in debinding furnace is 0.01-0.05mL/min.
As further scheme, step 6 of the present invention) temperature that sinters is 800-1000 DEG C.
As further scheme, metal dust of the present invention is ferroalloy powder, powder of stainless steel, Titanium Powder
One in end, Al alloy powder, titanium powder etc..Owing to metal dust being carried out a series of process, therefore before 3D prints
In the present invention and be not required to the pattern to metal dust, oxygen content and particle diameter and do special requirement.
As further scheme, method of the present invention also includes step 6) sintering after part again at HIP
Sintering furnace carries out complete densification.Concrete, at densification during, the temperature of sintering furnace is 1200-1360 DEG C.Warp
Crossing the parts after complete densification can be with avigation piece or army's workpiece.
The following is specific embodiment of the present invention, raw material employed in following case study on implementation, equipment etc. all can lead to
Cross commercial channel to obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method comprises the following steps:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the Al alloy powder of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
The mixing roll of 160 DEG C carries out banburying 2.5 hours, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；Wherein said metal dust with
The consumption of POM, PE, PP and antioxidant is calculated in mass percent and is respectively as follows:
POM 3%；
PE 6%；
PP 4%；
Antioxidant 0.1%；
Metal dust surplus；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；Being catalyzed gas in skimming processes is HNO3,
The speed that HNO3 gas is passed through in skimmed milk is 0.01mL/min, and the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 110 DEG C, and degreasing time is 6 little
Time；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 800 DEG C burn
Knot, obtains finished product.
In this embodiment, degreasing rate is 87.3%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method comprises the following steps:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the ferroalloy end of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
The mixing roll of 180 DEG C carries out banburying 2 hours, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；Wherein said metal dust and POM,
The consumption of PE, PP and antioxidant is calculated in mass percent and is respectively as follows:
POM 5%；
PE 5%；
PP 3%；
Antioxidant 0.5%；
Metal dust surplus；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；Being catalyzed gas in skimming processes is HNO3,
HNO3The speed that gas is passed through in skimmed milk is 0.03mL/min, and the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 120 DEG C, and degreasing time is 5 little
Time；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 900 DEG C burn
Knot, obtains finished product.
In this embodiment, degreasing rate is 88.1%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method comprises the following steps:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the powder of stainless steel of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
The mixing roll of 200 DEG C carries out banburying 1.5 hours, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；Wherein said metal dust with
The consumption of POM, PE, PP and antioxidant is calculated in mass percent and is respectively as follows:
POM 10%；
PE 4%；
PP 2%；
Antioxidant 1%；
Metal dust surplus；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；Being catalyzed gas in skimming processes is HNO3,
HNO3The speed that gas is passed through in skimmed milk is 0.05mL/min, and the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 130 DEG C, and degreasing time is 4 little
Time；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 1000 DEG C burn
Knot, obtains finished product.
In this embodiment, degreasing rate is 88.6%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part, the method comprises the following steps:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the titanium alloy powder of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
The mixing roll of 180 DEG C carries out banburying 2 hours, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；Wherein said metal dust and POM,
The consumption of PE, PP and antioxidant is calculated in mass percent and is respectively as follows:
POM 5%；
PE 5%；
PP 3%；
Antioxidant 0.5%；
Metal dust surplus；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through supercooling and is reduced into powder after drying, and sieve, obtain
The powder particle of Surface coating macromolecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints in plastics 3D printer
The part of preset shape, obtains part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；Being catalyzed gas in skimming processes is HNO3,
HNO3The speed that gas is passed through in skimmed milk is 0.03mL/min, and the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 120 DEG C, and degreasing time is 5 little
Time；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 900 DEG C burn
Knot, obtains finished product；
7) complete densification: above-mentioned finished product is transferred to again vacuum drying oven and sinters at a temperature of 1300 DEG C.
In this embodiment, degreasing rate is 89.1%.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is impossible to limit the scope of protection of the invention with this,
The change of any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art is done on the basis of the present invention and replacement belong to institute of the present invention
Claimed scope.
Claims (9)
1. one kind utilize plastics 3D printer print manufacture metal/alloy part method, it is characterised in that the method include with
Lower step:
1) raw material pre-treatment: the metal dust of purchase is dried and dries；
2) raw material cladding: through step 1) process after metal dust join mixing with POM, PE, PP and antioxidant
Machine carries out banburying, after being mixed thoroughly, obtains paste；
3) powder reduction: by step 2) paste that obtains through being reduced into powder after drying, sieve, obtain Surface coating high
The powder particle of molecular material；
4) 3D prints: using step 3) raw material that prints as 3D of the powder particle that obtains prints preset shape in 3D printer
Part, obtain part semi-finished product；
5) defat: above-mentioned part semi-finished product are put into removing POM in debinding furnace；
6) sintering: through step 6) removing POM after part semi-finished product be transferred in vacuum drying oven sintering, obtain finished product.
The method utilizing 3D to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2)
Described in the consumption of metal dust and POM, PE, PP and antioxidant be calculated in mass percent and be respectively as follows:
POM 3%-10%；
PE 4%-6%；
PP 2%-4%；
Antioxidant 0.1%-1%；
Metal dust surplus.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, step 2) in use the temperature of banburying of mixing roll to be set to 160-200 DEG C, the banburying time is 1.5-2.5 hour, and banburying is complete
Room temperature it is down to immediately after one-tenth.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, step 5) in skimming processes, catalysis gas is HNO3, the temperature of debinding furnace is set to 110-130 DEG C, and degreasing time is 4-6
Hour.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 4, its feature exists
In, the speed that catalysis gas is passed through in debinding furnace is 0.01-0.05mL/min.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, step 6) temperature that sinters is 1000-1300 DEG C.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, described metal dust is the one in ferroalloy powder, powder of stainless steel, titanium alloy powder, Al alloy powder, titanium powder.
8. print, according to the plastics 3D printer that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-7, the method manufacturing metal/alloy part,
It is characterized in that, the method also includes step 6) sintering after part again carry out at complete densification in HIP sintering furnace
Reason.
The method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part the most according to claim 8, its feature exists
In, at densification during, the temperature of sintering furnace is 1200-1360 DEG C.
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| CN201610724783.7A CN106270510A (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | A kind of method utilizing plastics 3D printer to print manufacture metal/alloy part |
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| TWI852238B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2024-08-11 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Composite particle material for selective laser sintering, preparation method thereof, and three-dimensional printing method for high-density green body by using the same |
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| TWI852238B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2024-08-11 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Composite particle material for selective laser sintering, preparation method thereof, and three-dimensional printing method for high-density green body by using the same |
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