CN106212397B - A kind of artificial fecundation method of aphidius gifuensis - Google Patents
A kind of artificial fecundation method of aphidius gifuensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212397B CN106212397B CN201610878137.6A CN201610878137A CN106212397B CN 106212397 B CN106212397 B CN 106212397B CN 201610878137 A CN201610878137 A CN 201610878137A CN 106212397 B CN106212397 B CN 106212397B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种烟蚜茧蜂的人工繁殖方法，是将用于替代蚜虫的营养组合物琼脂块置于20℃～25℃、相对湿度为50％～80％的环境中，放入已完成交配、待产卵的烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂；在5‑6天后，将营养组合物琼脂块取出，在20℃～25℃、相对湿度为50％～80％的环境条件下进行培育直至羽化出蜂。本发明的方法通过提供烟蚜茧蜂发育所需要的营养需求，使烟蚜茧蜂存活率、寄生率、羽化率都能满足实际的需求。本发明的方法解决了传统繁蜂方法工艺繁琐、占用空间大、成本高等弊端，所繁的烟蚜茧蜂易于收集、保存和释放。
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial reproduction method of Mizus praecox, which is to put the agar block of nutritional composition for replacing aphids in the environment of 20 ℃～25 ℃ and relative humidity of 50%～80%, put Enter the female bees that have completed mating and are about to lay eggs; after 5-6 days, take out the nutrient composition agar block, and carry out under the environmental conditions of 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 50% ~ 80% Breed until the bees emerge. The method of the invention enables the survival rate, parasitism rate and eclosion rate of M. aphids to meet the actual needs by providing the nutritional requirements required for the development of M. phleb. The method of the invention solves the drawbacks of the traditional bee multiplication method, such as complicated process, large space occupation and high cost, and the multiplied M. aphididae is easy to collect, store and release.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to insect artificial propagation techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of artificial fecundation method of aphidius gifuensis.
Background technique
Aphid is one of most destructive pest on the earth.A total of 10 sections about 4400 of the aphid having now been found that
Kind, wherein about 250 kinds are to endanger serious pest for agriculture and forestry and horticulture.Often be clustered in blade, tender stem, bud,
The positions such as terminal bud suck food water by piercing and sucking, make leaf-shrinkage, curling, deformity, cause plant nutrient loss and organ
Mechanical damage, in addition, aphid can propagate viral diseases of plants, the honeydew of secretion can breed various plants fungi and bacterium etc.
Causal organism causes the generation and prevalence of plant disease.
The aphid of harm due to to(for) plant especially industrial crops, people spend a large amount of manpower and material resources to attempt to control aphid
Worm is caused harm.Wherein there are many effective measures, such as using the chemical insecticide of internal-suction type, can quickly kill aphid.In addition,
There is a large amount of Natural Enemies of Insects to prey on or parasitize aphid in nature, there are also bacterium, fungi and virus infection aphids.Aphid
There are many natural enemy insect type of worm, there is ladybug, wasp fly, aphid parasite, food aphid cecidomyiia, aphis lion, Chrysopa and spider etc..Wherein cigarette aphid
Cocoon bee is the parasitic enemy insect of a kind of special parasitic aphid, extremely significant to the natural contral effect of aphid, in agricultural
Irreplaceable important function is played in industry production.
The artificial propagation technique of aphidius gifuensis is comparatively cumbersome at present, it is necessary first to artificial propagation aphid host plant,
Then expand numerous aphid again, then bred by aphid, not only step is various for above-mentioned method, and need to occupy large area breeding farm
Institute, overall cost are higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial fecundation methods of aphidius gifuensis, use a kind of nutrition that can substitute aphid
Composition breeds aphidius gifuensis, to make up the deficiencies in the prior art.
Method of the invention is the container that the alimentation composition agar block for being used to substitute aphid is placed in 20 DEG C~25 DEG C
In, it is put into and mating, aphidius gifuensis queen bee to be laid eggs is completed；After 5-6 days, alimentation composition agar block is taken out, 20
DEG C~25 DEG C at a temperature of cultivated to the bee out that sprouts wings；
The wherein preparation method of alimentation composition agar block is by nutrient agar, egg yolk, skim milk, yeast powder, Portugal
Grape sugar, sodium chloride and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate are added to the water, after heating for dissolving, after being cooled to 45-50 DEG C；Add cigarette aphid
Homogenate is uniformly mixed, and is cut into alimentation composition agar block after cooling；
Wherein egg yolk, skim milk, yeast powder, glucose, sodium chloride, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and aphid homogenate
Liquid, the mass fraction of agar are as follows: egg yolk 20-25, skim milk 20-25, yeast powder 5-10, glucose 8-10, sodium chloride
0.5-1, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.05-0.1, aphid homogenate 15-25；Agar 0.2-0.5；
Preferably, wherein egg yolk, skim milk, yeast powder, glucose, inorganic salts, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and
The mass fraction of aphid homogenate are as follows: egg yolk 25, skim milk 20, yeast powder 10, glucose 10, sodium chloride 0.8, to hydroxyl
Methyl benzoate 0.07, agar 0.5；Cigarette aphid homogenate 15.
In order to increase oviposition number and spawning rate of the aphidius gifuensis queen bee on alimentation composition agar block, preferably in nutrition
Upper attractant is sprayed on composition agar block, wherein including the component of following mass percent concentration: tobacco leaf was homogenized
Filtrate 15-20%, sucrose 10-15%, compound amino acid 10-15%；The honey of 5-10%；Remaining is water；
The tobacco leaf is homogenized filtered fluid, is that the tobacco leaf of 7-8 leaf phase is selected to carry out made of homogenate filtering.
The compound amino acid includes the component of following mass fraction: 30 parts of alanine, 320 parts of arginine, 300
Part aspartic acid, 400 parts of glutamic acid, 300 parts of histidines, 250 parts of isoleucines, 180 parts of leucines, 150 parts of methionine, 200
Part phenylalanine, 300 parts of proline, 300 parts of serines, 250 parts of threonines, 150 parts of tyrosine, 350 parts of valines.
Method of the invention develops required nutritional need by providing aphidius gifuensis, makes aphidius gifuensis survival rate, posts
Raw rate, eclosion rate can meet actual demand.Method of the invention solves that the numerous bee method and process of tradition is cumbersome, occupied space
Greatly, the drawbacks such as at high cost, numerous aphidius gifuensis are easy to collect, save and discharge.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: influence diagram of the alimentation composition to feathering rate.
Specific embodiment
The breeding of aphidius gifuensis at present is all made of conventional method, time-consuming, laborious and at high cost.Therefore, applicant is to cigarette
On the basis of the development research of aphid parasite, a kind of alimentation composition is provided to replace cigarette aphid, and in the fine jade of alimentation composition preparation
Upper homemade, the attractant that aphidius gifuensis can be lured to lay eggs on agar block is sprayed on rouge block, to facilitate the present invention.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the selection of attractant component
One key of the method for the present invention is to carry out aphidius gifuensis on the nutrient agar as cigarette aphid substitute
Oviposition, therefore, applicant first screens induction preparation；The component of attractant is determined according to eclosion rate；
The component of several groups of attractants of initial screening is as follows:
Attractant component 1: 10g sucrose, 15g compound amino acid are added in water；10g honey is settled to 100ml with water；
Attractant component 2: 12g sucrose, 10g compound amino acid are added in water；8g honey, 1g nepetalactone are fixed with water
Hold to 100ml；
Attractant component 3: 15g sucrose, 15g compound amino acid are added in water；5g honey, 1g nepetalactone are fixed with water
Hold to 100ml；
Compound amino acid includes the component of following mass fraction: 30 parts of alanine, 320 parts of arginine, 300 parts of asparagus fern ammonia
Acid, 400 parts of glutamic acid, 300 parts of histidines, 250 parts of isoleucines, 180 parts of leucines, 150 parts of methionine, 200 parts of phenylpropyl alcohol ammonia
Acid, 300 parts of proline, 300 parts of serines, 250 parts of threonines, 150 parts of tyrosine, 350 parts of valines.Also can be selected it is other
It is used through disclosure, the ispol for insect culture.
Alimentation composition agar block used in it the preparation method is as follows:
It is to add nutrient agar, egg yolk, skim milk, yeast powder, glucose, sodium chloride and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Enter into water, after heating for dissolving, after being cooled to 45-50 DEG C；It is uniformly mixed, alimentation composition agar block will be cut into after cooling；
Wherein egg yolk, skim milk, yeast powder, glucose, inorganic salts, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and agar are in nutrition
Mass parts ratio in composition agar block are as follows: egg yolk 20-25, skim milk 20-25, yeast powder 5-10, glucose 8-10,
Sodium chloride 0.5-1, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.05-0.1, agar 0.2-0.5；
The size of agar block is 8x8x5mm3, the agar block of other sizes can also be cut into；By alimentation composition agar block
Upper above-mentioned three groups of attractant (or agar block is soaked in attractant) is sprayed on surface, and nutrient agar block is then placed in 25
DEG C, relative humidity be 60% inoculation container in, be put into and mating, aphidius gifuensis queen bee to be laid eggs be completed；Wherein queen bee with
The quantity ratio of agar block is 1-3:40；And the culture dish that hydromel is filled in container, the supplement as aphidius gifuensis adult
Food.After being put into queen bee 5-6 days, alimentation composition agar block is taken out, 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, relative humidity be 50%~
Carry out cultivating until aphidius gifuensis is sprouted wings bee out under 80% environmental condition；Eclosion rate is counted, wherein eclosion rate (%)=(emergence
Bee head number/nutrient agar number out) × 100.
Each attractant has done three parallel groups, and every group is put into 20 nutrient agar blocks；Testing result shows attractant
The eclosion rate of component 1 is 58.8%；The eclosion rate of attractant component 2 is 71.3%；The eclosion rate of attractant component 3 is
75.6%；Show to add chemical substance, can significantly improve eclosion rate.
Consider from the economic aspect of method, applicant has detected the attractant effect of not kindred plant and animal extracting solution, most
Determining eventually selects the homogenate filtered fluid of the tobacco leaf of 7-8 leaf phase to substitute the chemical substance in attractant component 2 and component 3.
Wherein the tobacco leaf of 7-8 leaf phase is homogenized filtered fluid, is that the tobacco leaf of 7-8 leaf phase is selected to carry out homogenate filtering system
At, it is a kind of specific the preparation method is as follows:
The tobacco leaf for taking the 200g7-8 leaf phase is put into addition 50ml water in mortar and is ground after shredding, then will grinding
The filtered fluid that liquid obtains after carrying out extruding filtering with the gauze of 80-100 mesh；Attractant component 4 and attractant is made with filtered fluid
Component 5；
Attractant component 4: 12g sucrose, 10g compound amino acid are added in water；8g honey, 15ml filtered fluid (are estimated as
15g)；100ml is settled to water；
Attractant component 5: 15g sucrose, 15g compound amino acid are added in water；5g honey, 20ml filtered fluid (are estimated as
20g), 100ml is settled to water；
It is tested according to the step of above-mentioned record, as a result the eclosion rate of attractant component 4 is 77.1%；Attractant component
5 eclosion rate is 80.3%；Show that tobacco leaf homogenate filtered fluid, which is added, can effectively substitute chemical constituent, and improves and be added
Amount, effect are more preferable.
Embodiment 2: the selection of nutrients component
It is that the band aphid tobacco seedlings after connecing bee move into aphidius gifuensis development during the artificial breeding of current aphidius gifuensis
Interior allows aphidius gifuensis to develop and forms stiff aphid.Under 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, the environmental condition that relative humidity is 50%~80%
(identical as the condition of embodiment 1), aphidius gifuensis about need 8-10 days from parasitism to the time for forming stiff aphid, and stiff aphid is to turning into
It bee about 5-6 days or so, is needed altogether at peak 15 ± 2 days out from cigarette aphid by parasitism to sprouting wings.
And in the experiment of embodiment 1, it lays eggs on agar block from aphidius gifuensis, it is flat at the time at peak out to finally sprouting wings
At 18 ± 2 days, the time than aphidius gifuensis parasitism to cigarette aphid is obviously elongated, thus it is speculated that is as used in the agar block of preparation
Nutrition composition is not the reason for being very suitable to aphidius gifuensis egg development.Therefore, applicant changes the formula of nutrition composition
Become.
The present embodiment lists representational three groups of nutrients combinations in screening process and prepares alimentation composition agar block,
The component and proportion of middle each group are as follows:
First group (mass fraction): egg yolk 20, skim milk 25, glucose 8, sodium chloride 0.9, P-hydroxybenzoic acid first
Ester 0.05, agar 0.2；
Second group (mass fraction): egg yolk 20, skim milk 25, yeast powder 5, glucose 8, sodium chloride 0.9, to hydroxyl
Methyl benzoate 0.05, agar 0.2；
Third group (mass fraction): egg yolk 25, skim milk 20, yeast powder 10, glucose 10, sodium chloride 0.8, to hydroxyl
Yl benzoic acid methyl esters 0.07, agar 0.5；
4th group (mass fraction): egg yolk 25, skim milk 20, yeast powder 10, glucose 10, sodium chloride 0.8, to hydroxyl
Yl benzoic acid methyl esters 0.07, agar 0.5；Cigarette aphid homogenate 15；It joined 15 parts of cigarette aphid homogenate in third group；
Wherein cigarette aphid homogenate, a kind of preparation method are that 2g aphid (about 2500 cigarette aphids) is taken to grind, add after grinding
Then 100ml water obtains lapping liquid filtered through gauze.
It is prepared into nutrient agar block according to above-mentioned four groups of nutrient combination composition formulas, and according to the condition in embodiment 1
It is put into the conscientious breeding of queen bee；Count eclosion rate and emergence time.Every group is done three in parallel, is each placed in parallel into 10 agar blocks；
The data of eclosion rate are as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: the eclosion rate of three groups of alimentation compositions of different time sections after access aphidius gifuensis queen bee
Note: accessing the number of days of aphidius gifuensis, is from the day counting number that queen bee is put into nutrient agar block；Eclosion rate is to take
Every group of average value, i.e. eclosion rate (%)=(reorganize total emergence and go out bee head number/reorganization nutrient agar sum) × 100.
The data of above-mentioned table 1 are analyzed, are shown after being added to cigarette aphid homogenate, the 4th group can be shorter
(16d) reaches feathering peak in time, other three groups without adding cigarette aphid homogenate, needs just to reach out in 17d or so
Plumage rate peak value, and the 4th group (Fig. 1) is significantly lower than in final feathering rate.
In addition, it has been found that second group be added to yeast powder after, feathering rate and feathering time are all better than first group；
Prove that yeast powder has good nutritive validity for the egg hatching of aphidius gifuensis.
Embodiment 3: breeding aphidius gifuensis
According to the result of study of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, applicant uses following alimentation composition and attractant component
Carry out the artificial breeding of aphidius gifuensis.
1) attractant is prepared first
15g sucrose, 15g compound amino acid are added in water；5g honey, 20ml tobacco leaf are homogenized filtered fluid, fixed with water
Hold to 100ml and attractant is made；
2) alimentation composition agar block is prepared
By 0.5g nutrient agar, 25g egg yolk, 20g skim milk, 10g yeast powder, 10g glucose, 0.8g sodium chloride and
0.07g methyl p-hydroxybenzoate is added in 60ml water, after heating for dissolving, after being cooled to 50 DEG C；It is even to add 15ml cigarette aphid
Slurries are uniformly mixed, and are cut into alimentation composition agar block after cooling；
3) attractant is sprayed on the good agar block of cutting, after being placed at room temperature for 5-10min, is then put nutrient agar block
Enter 25 DEG C, in the inoculation container that relative humidity is 60%, 40 pieces of agar blocks are put into each container；Be put into be completed mating, to
The aphidius gifuensis queen bee of oviposition；Wherein the quantity of queen bee and agar block ratio is 3:40；And the training of hydromel is filled in container
Support ware, the supplement food as aphidius gifuensis adult.After being put into queen bee 5-6 days, alimentation composition agar block is taken out, 25
DEG C, cultivate until aphidius gifuensis is sprouted wings bee out, and counts eclosion rate under the environmental condition that relative humidity is 60%.As a result table
The eclosion rate of bright each agar block is 86 ± 3%, shows that method of the invention has been fully able to meet the needs of production.
Claims (4)
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