CN106212095A - A kind of Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a melon seedling-raising substrate prepared by using straw biogas residue and Trichoderma inoculum agent and a preparation method thereof. It is made by combining vermiculite and peat. The present invention increases the nutrition of the substrate and reduces the amount of peat by adding straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue and Trichoderma to the seedling raising substrate, thereby effectively alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of peat resources while cultivating strong seedlings. At the same time, through the use of agricultural waste such as straw biogas residue, chicken manure and mushroom residue, these agricultural wastes can be used efficiently, reducing the resulting environmental pollution. In addition, the disease resistance of melon can be improved by adding Trichoderma preparation.

Description

A melon seedling-raising substrate prepared by using straw biogas residue and Trichoderma inoculant and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation, and in particular relates to a melon seedling-raising substrate prepared by using straw biogas residue and Trichoderma fungus agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

With the improvement of my country's economy and people's living standards, people's demand for fruits and vegetables is increasing, and the degree of intensification and scale of my country's fruit and vegetable production is getting higher and higher. demand. The quality of seedlings is directly related to the survival rate of transplanting and the yield of fruits and vegetables, and a good seedling substrate is the key factor to determine the quality of seedlings. How to select raw materials and prepare seedling substrates with excellent properties plays a decisive role in the success or failure of seedling cultivation. Commonly used seedling substrates are made of peat, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, etc. However, peat is a non-renewable resource, and the amount of peat resources in my country is small and the quality is poor. Most of the substrate industries use imported peat. Lack of resources has become a bottleneck limiting the sustainable development of substrate seedlings. Therefore, the development of suitable substrate materials has become an inevitable choice for the progress of my country's substrate industry. Since the 1980s, domestic scholars have conducted a lot of research on seedling substrates and their formulations, and developed agricultural wastes such as plant ash, mushroom dregs, and coconut shells. Composed of substrates and applied to suitable areas and vegetables.

The relevant patents that have been published so far include "cow manure biogas residue flower culture substrate", "tomato plug artificial seedling substrate", "cotton seedling cultivation substrate made from distiller's lees biogas residue" and "a kind of pig manure biogas residue as fertilizer source Cucumber Seedling Substrate”, but there are few related reports on using straw biogas residues to prepare seedling substrate.

China is a large agricultural country, which produces a large amount of crop straw every year, especially corn straw. Because of its tall plant, its yield is higher than that of other crops. If it cannot be used rationally, it will inevitably result in a huge waste of resources. At present, there is a process of fermenting biogas to produce biogas, but a large amount of biogas residue will still be produced. If it is not properly disposed of, it will cause secondary pollution. In view of the above related research on seedling-raising substrates, if straw biogas residues can be recycled to prepare seedling-raising substrates, it will undoubtedly have significant economic and social benefits. However, because the water retention capacity of straw biogas residues is weak, and the nutrient content is not as good as that of fecal biogas residues, it cannot meet the seedling raising requirements of some crops, and it needs to be reasonably matched with other materials to meet the requirements of plants for seedling raising substrates. At present, there is no relevant report on the use of straw biogas residues to prepare melon seedling substrates.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problem of high seedling-raising substrate price caused by the shortage of peat resources in the existing seedling-raising substrate raw materials, the present invention provides a melon seedling-raising substrate using straw biogas residue, chicken manure, Trichoderma preparation, etc. as raw materials and its preparation method .

The idea of the invention is to use the compound material of straw biogas residue, chicken manure and mushroom residue decomposed and fermented by Trichoderma as a fertilizer source, and mix the decomposed material with vermiculite, peat and perlite in proportion to form a melon seedling substrate.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

A melon seedling-raising substrate prepared by utilizing straw residue and Trichoderma inoculant, which comprises the following components according to the ratio of parts by weight:

30-40 parts of straw biogas residue

Chicken manure 20-30 parts

Mushroom dregs 10-20 parts

Perlite 10-20 parts

Vermiculite 10-20 parts

Peat 5-10 parts

Trichoderma agent 1-2 parts.

Preferably, the parts by weight of each component are:

35 parts of straw biogas residue

Chicken manure 25 parts

15 parts mushroom residue

15 parts perlite

Vermiculite 15 parts

Peat 8 parts

Trichoderma agent 1 part.

The straw biogas residue is the biogas residue discharged after the fermentation of the straw biogas project using corn stalks as the raw material, which is extruded to drain water, dried naturally and crushed for use.

The Trichoderma inoculant is a microbial inoculum prepared by a strain of Trichoderma amazonicum with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 6087. Its preparation method is that it is cultivated by a shallow plate fermentation method. Mold agent, the number of viable bacteria in the agent is 5×10 ⁸ -1×10 ⁹ cfu/g.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of described muskmelon seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

a. Obtaining straw biogas residues: After the fully fermented wet straw biogas residues are separated from solids and liquids, they are dried naturally and crushed with a pulverizer to below 60 mesh.

b. Proportioning the prepared straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue and Trichoderma agent according to the parts by weight ratio of the components and mixing them evenly.

c. Pile the mixture into a pile with a width of 2 meters and a height of 1.2 meters, and carry out decomposing and fermentation. After the temperature rises to 50-55°C, it is maintained for 7-10 days.

d. Mix the mixture of decomposed straw biogas residue, chicken manure and mushroom residue with vermiculite, perlite and peat evenly in parts by weight to obtain the substrate.

In the medium for raising melon seedlings, the content of straw biogas residue has a great influence on the growth of melon seedlings. When the content is high, the water retention capacity of the substrate is weak, the root system of the melon is rotten, and the plant growth is weak; if the content of biogas residue is low, it is necessary to increase the amount of peat added. , increasing the cost of the matrix. The invention can effectively promote the growth of the melon root system through the reasonable ratio of straw biogas residue, mushroom residue and chicken manure, and ferment it with Trichoderma, provide comprehensive and rich nutrition for plant growth, and improve crop disease resistance. Improve crop quality.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

The melon seedling raising substrate of the present invention is prepared from agricultural waste such as straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue, etc., which can increase the use chain of agricultural waste and reduce environmental pollution; at the same time, it reduces the amount of peat used, thereby reducing The production cost of the substrate is reduced, the ecological environment is effectively protected, and the quality of the cultivated seedlings is significantly higher than that of the commercially available seedling substrate.

detailed description

Example 1:

The ratio of the main components of the melon seedling raising substrate by weight is: straw biogas residue: chicken manure: mushroom residue: perlite: vermiculite: peat: Trichoderma inoculant is 30:20:10:10:5:1, of which straw biogas residue is The fully fermented wet straw biogas residue is separated from solid and liquid, dried naturally, and crushed to below 60 mesh with a pulverizer to obtain the Trichoderma inoculant. Cultivate, grow spores and dry to obtain the Trichoderma inoculum, the number of viable bacteria is 7×10 ⁸ cfu/g; according to the ratio of the above parts, mix the straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue, and Trichoderma inoculum. Form a pile with a width of 2 meters and a height of 1.2 meters for decomposing fermentation. The pile temperature is 55°C for 10 days. After the temperature drops below 40°C, it is mixed with the corresponding parts of perlite, vermiculite, and peat to obtain the seedling raising substrate.

Example 2:

The ratio of the main components of the melon seedling raising substrate by weight is: straw biogas residue: chicken manure: mushroom residue: perlite: vermiculite: peat: Trichoderma inoculant is 35:25:15:15:15:8:1, of which straw biogas The slag is obtained by separating the solid-liquid from the fully fermented wet straw biogas residue, then drying it naturally, and crushing it with a pulverizer to a size below 60 mesh. The Trichoderma inoculant was obtained after the spores were grown and dried in the air, and the number of viable bacteria was 1×10 ⁹ cfu/g; according to the ratio of the above parts, the straw residue, chicken manure, mushroom slag, and Trichoderma inoculum were mixed. Afterwards, carry out decomposing fermentation. After the stack temperature is 50°C for 8 days, the stack temperature drops below 40°C and mix with corresponding parts of perlite, vermiculite, and peat to obtain the seedling raising substrate.

Example 3:

The ratio of the main components of the melon seedling raising substrate by weight is: straw biogas residue: chicken manure: mushroom residue: perlite: vermiculite: peat: Trichoderma agent is 40:30:20:20:20:10:2, of which straw biogas The slag is obtained by separating the solid-liquid from the fully fermented wet straw biogas residue, then drying it naturally, and crushing it to a size below 60 mesh with a pulverizer. The Trichoderma inoculant was obtained after the spores were grown and dried in the air, and the number of viable bacteria was 5×10 ⁸ cfu/g; according to the ratio of the above parts, the straw residue, chicken manure, mushroom slag, and Trichoderma inoculum were mixed. Afterwards, decompose and ferment, and the pile temperature is 50°C for 10 days. After the pile temperature drops below 40°C, it is mixed with the corresponding parts of perlite, vermiculite, and peat to obtain the seedling raising substrate.

Embodiment 4: the influence of muskmelon seedling raising substrate on the quality of muskmelon seedlings

Using the crispy melon seeds from Fengnong Seed Industry as test materials, the experiment on the influence of melon seedling substrate on the quality of melon seedlings was carried out in a greenhouse in Qing County, Cangzhou. The experiment was divided into three groups: the control group 1 used the commercially available peat seedling substrate, the control group 2 used the substrate without Trichoderma agent, and the remaining components and preparation methods were the same as in Example 2, and the experimental group used the substrate prepared in Example 2. Put the prepared seedling substrates into plastic seedling trays with 32 holes (54cm in length, 28cm in width, and 40mm in hole depth), plant 1 melon seed in each seedling tray, and manage watering uniformly. One plastic seedling tray filled with 32 holes was repeated three times. The number of seedlings in each group on the third day and the emergence rate, number of leaves, stem diameter, root dry weight and plant dry weight after 10 days were counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with commercially available peat substrates, the seedling-raising substrate of the present invention has fast seedling emergence and high emergence rate of melons. When cultivating for 10 days, the number of leaves of the melons in the seedling-raising substrates of the present invention, stem thickness, root dry weight and plant dry weight all decreased. It is obviously higher than the commercially available peat substrate; the seedling raising effect of the seedling-raising substrate without Trichoderma inoculant is equivalent to that of the commercially available peat substrate. It can be seen that the addition of Trichoderma inoculant has a significant promotion effect on the growth of seedlings.

Table 1 Effects of melon seedling substrates on the growth of melon

.

Example 5: Effects of melon seedling raising substrate and commercially available peat seedling raising substrate on the resistance of melon seedlings to Botrytis cinerea

The melon seedling-raising substrate (formulation in Example 2) was compared with the commercially available peat seedling-raising substrate. Melon seeds of the Fengnong Seed Industry's crocodile variety were used as test materials in a greenhouse in Qing County, Cangzhou. Put the prepared seedling substrate into plastic seedling trays with 32 holes (54cm in length, 28cm in width, and 40mm in hole depth), plant 1 melon seed in each seedling tray, and manage watering uniformly. The test set two treatments of the seedling raising substrate of the formula in Example 2 and the commercially available peat seedling raising substrate, and each treatment planted 1 plastic seedling tray with 32 holes, and repeated three times.

After the three true leaves of the melon grew, spray the gray mold spore liquid with a concentration of 1×10 ⁶ cfu/mL on the leaves to inoculate the gray mold. Record and count the disease index and calculate the disease prevention effect. Calculated as follows:

Disease index%=∑(Number of diseased leaves at all levels×Disease grade)/(Total number of surveyed leaves×Highest disease grade)×100

Disease prevention effect % = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100.

Comparing the gray mold disease index of the straw biogas residue substrate of the formula of the present invention and the control commercially available substrate, it is found that the disease incidence of the straw biogas residue substrate of the present invention is lighter, and the disease index is 16.2%, while the disease index of the contrast commercially available substrate is 25.8%. The disease prevention effect reached 37.2% (Table 2).

Table 2 Control effect of muskmelon seedling substrates on muskmelon gray mold

.

The influence of the seedling-raising substrates of embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 on the cultivation of melon seedlings is equivalent to that of embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

Comparative example 1-3

The seedling-raising substrate was prepared according to the following composition ratio, and the rest were the same as in Example 1. After 10 days, the seedling emergence rate, leaf number, stem diameter, root dry weight and plant dry weight were counted. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Effects of comparative examples 1-3 seedling substrates on the growth of melon

.

It can be seen from Table 3 that the ratios of the components of the present invention are selective, and the ratios of the components of Comparative Examples 1-3 have unsatisfactory effects on cultivating melon plants.

Since the melon seedling-raising matrix of the present invention contains Trichoderma preparations and decomposed straw biogas residues, mushroom residues and chicken manure, the matrix not only has good nutrition, but also has Trichoderma and various biological activities that promote growth and disease resistance. substances, so it can better promote seed germination and growth, and can also improve the resistance of seedlings to Botrytis cinerea. In the invention, by selecting the ratio of straw biogas residue and other components, the seedling-raising substrate can reach a suitable water holding capacity, which is beneficial to the development of the melon root system, so that the overall quality of the plant is excellent.

The melon seedling raising substrate of the present invention is prepared from agricultural waste such as straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue, etc., which can increase the use chain of agricultural waste and reduce environmental pollution; at the same time, it reduces the amount of peat used, thereby reducing The production cost of the matrix is reduced, and the ecological environment is effectively protected. In addition, the substrate can promote the growth of the melon seedlings, effectively ensuring the premature and high yield of the melon.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-creative improvement made by those skilled in the art under the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be deemed to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (6)

1. the Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare, it is characterised in that it is according to ratio of weight and number Including following components:

Straw biogas residue 30-40 part

Chicken manure 20-30 part

Mushroom residue 10-20 part

Perlite 10-20 part

Vermiculitum 10-20 part

Peat composed of rotten mosses 5-10 part

Trichoderma 1-2 part.

A kind of Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare, its feature exists Following components is included according to ratio of weight and number in it:

Straw biogas residue 35 parts

Chicken manure 25 parts

Mushroom residue 15 parts

Perlite 15 parts

Vermiculitum 15 parts

The peat composed of rotten mosses 8 parts

Trichoderma 1 part.

A kind of Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare, its feature exists It is the biogas residue discharged after having fermented by the straw methane engineering of former material with corn straw in: described straw biogas residue, through extruding Heel row goes out moisture, pulverizes after naturally drying.

A kind of Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare, its feature exists In: described trichoderma be by trichoderma that a strain deposit number is CGMCC No. 6087 (Trichoderma amazonicum) microbial bacterial agent prepared.

A kind of Fructus Melo seedling medium utilizing straw biogas residue and trichoderma to prepare, its feature exists In: described trichoderma is described trichoderma employing shallow tray fermentation method to be cultivated, and dries and be trichoderma after long spore, bacterium In agent, viable count is 5 × 10⁸—1×10⁹cfu/g。

6. the preparation method of the Fructus Melo seedling medium described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

A, the acquisition of straw biogas residue: by the wettest straw biogas residue of fermentation after solid-liquid separation, naturally dry, use pulverizer powder Broken；

B, ready straw biogas residue, chicken manure, mushroom residue and trichoderma are carried out proportioning according to described ratio of weight and number and mixes It is mixed even；

C, blend is piled up in heaps, carry out fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, after temperature is raised to 50-55 DEG C, maintain 7-10 days；

D, the straw biogas residue become thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure, mushroom residue mixture are mixed with Vermiculitum, perlite and the peat composed of rotten mosses by described parts by weight Uniformly, substrate is obtained.