CN106134560A - A kind of improve beach saline-alkali ground the polymerization that plants economic crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) establishing dikes for preventing floods and preventing seawater backwashing; (2) establishing a drainage network for salt water; (3) pretreating saline-alkali land; (4) isolated planting; (5) maintenance after planting, etc. The method of the invention utilizes ditch network to discharge salt, natural rainwater to wash salt, and locally controls the planting space to isolate the root planting area of the plant from contacting the saline-alkali soil, and effectively grows economic crops, and has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient operation, and is suitable for large-area development and utilization of saline-alkali land. advantage.

Description

A polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement and agricultural planting, in particular to a polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops.

Background technique

my country's coastal provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces have vast areas of tidal flats. Affected by seawater tides and seawater backflow caused by typhoons, the soil salinization in this area is serious. Soil salinization in coastal tidal flat area reduces the utilization rate of land and restricts the development of agricultural economy. The tidal flat saline-alkali land area in my country is 2.1704 million hectares, and the area that has been developed and utilized accounts for about 15%. Moreover, the unused tidal flat salinized soil in our country continues to increase in a large area every year.

At present, measures such as physical, chemical, and biological engineering are often used to improve saline-alkali soil in coastal beaches. The commonly used physical method is the fresh water salt pressing method, that is, the salt is washed away or pressed into the groundwater by flushing or irrigation with fresh water. This method requires a large amount of fresh water, so the cost is very high. People also often reduce the salinity of saline-alkali land through the method of alien soil, but it needs to replace a large amount of soil to reduce the salinity, so the cost of this method is also very high. There are other physical methods that also have the disadvantage of high cost. For example, the patent application number CN201010256362.9 "a method for improving saline-alkaline land" uses a large amount of straw to build terraces and uses PVC plastic hidden pipes to discharge salt. This method is not only costly, but also Moreover, the hidden pipe is easy to block, the maintenance cost is large, and the actual operation is not applicable. Another example is the patent application number CN201410006715.8 "A System-Level Improvement Method for Saline-Alkali Land Improvement by Partial Concentration, Increased Seepage, and Suppressed Evaporation", which also uses underground ditch and PVC plastic underground pipes to discharge salt. This method also has high cost and inconvenient maintenance. Shortcomings. Commonly used chemical methods are to improve the soil by applying organic fertilizers or applying soil improvers. For example, the patent application number CN201610099493.8 "a soda-type saline-alkaline soil improver and its preparation method and application" uses this method to improve soil Improvement, this method is costly and unsatisfactory, and the improvement agent is easy to fail, so the improved soil is easy to be salinized again. Another example is the patent application number CN201310069798.0 "saline-alkali land improvement method" using aluminum sulfate powder and polyacrylamide for soil improvement. This method is not only costly, but also easily causes soil compaction. Another example is the patent application number CN201310065444.9 "a planting method for saline-alkali landscaping", which removes the topsoil of the saline-alkali land and improves it with peat soil. Putting the topsoil out will also generate new saline-alkali land, so this method is not applicable in actual operation. Some salt-tolerant plants are commonly used in bioengineering methods, such as Tamarix, Nitraria, Duli, etc., and some technologies are used for soil improvement, such as the patent application number CN201610107176.6 "a low-cost greening method for dredging and filling heavy saline-alkali bare land along the coast method". Some salt-tolerant plants have low economic value, so it is difficult to fully popularize and apply them in practice, so the effect of using this method to improve saline-alkali soil in tidal flats is not good. At present, the improvement method of using local control is also mentioned, such as the method of land reclamation by encircling the beach, but this method has high cost and is not widely used in production. People have also mentioned the method of local salt discharge canals, but this method can not effectively discharge salt in the long run, such as the patent application number CN201010601686. Drainage of saline-alkali ditches for salt drainage, and filling at the bottom of the ditch. This method of filling costs a lot, and there is no outlet for the salt drainage ditch. The salt water has accumulated in the salt drainage ditch for a long time, and effective salt drainage cannot be carried out.

At present, some crop varieties proposed to be popularized in saline-alkali land have certain saline-alkali resistance, but their traits are similar to wild species, and they have the disadvantages of low yield and poor quality, so it is difficult to popularize and apply them on a large scale in production. Common high-yield and high-quality economic crop varieties have not been widely promoted in saline-alkali land because they are not tolerant to saline-alkali.

In short, the technologies and methods currently used for improvement of saline-alkali soil in coastal tidal flats are either high in cost or poor in effect, and cannot be used for large-scale planting of economic crops, so they cannot be widely used in production. important reason. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a simple method for effectively improving tidal flat saline-alkali land at low cost and planting economic crops in our country to generate economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the shortcomings of saline-alkali land improvement and planting technology in the prior art, the present invention discloses a polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops.

Technical solution: The polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops of the present invention includes the following processing steps:

(1) Establish dikes for flood control and anti-sea water intrusion: select the tidal flats that need to be improved, and build dikes with a height of 60-90 cm and a width of 80-100 cm on the side near the sea. The length of the dikes is longer than that of the tidal flats near the sea. side length;

(2) Establish a network of salt drainage canals: from high terrain to low terrain, build a main drainage canal every 1.0-2.0 kilometers. Each main drainage canal is 3-6 meters deep and 1.5-3 meters wide. Outlets to ponds, lakes or the sea; every 500-1000 meters to establish a secondary drainage channel intersecting the main drainage channel, each secondary drainage channel is 2-3 meters deep and 1.5-2 meters wide, and The outlet of the secondary brine drainage canal is connected to the main brine drainage canal, thereby forming a network of brine drainage canals;

(3) Pretreatment of saline-alkali land: apply organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali land 1-2 times before planting, plow 2-3 times, and apply chopped straw before deep plowing to increase soil air permeability, and the interval between each deep plowing is 10-15 days, After deep plowing, rake the soil evenly; according to the planting row spacing, ridges are formed in the planting rows. The height of the ridge is 35-55cm, and the width is 40-50cm. Between the ridges, a salt water ditch is formed between the ridges, and the direction of the salt water ditch between the ridges is consistent with the secondary Drainage ditch is vertical;

(4) Isolation planting: Prepare the isolation box according to the plant size and crop type, and prepare the nutrient soil; dig out a pit suitable for the isolation box on the pretreated saline-alkali ridge, put the isolation box into the pit, and make the top of the isolation box At the same height as the ridge, use the prepared nutrient soil to plant economic crops in the isolation box;

(5) Maintenance after planting: After planting, install fertilizer and water integrated irrigation system, fertilize and irrigate as needed; implement pest control technology based on the characteristics of crops, mainly pesticide control, and use physical control and biological control.

Step (1) The length of the embankment is determined according to the area of the tidal flat, and the end of the dike is 10-20m longer than the corresponding end of the tidal flat, so as to better achieve the purpose of flood control and anti-seawater backflow to the edge of the saline-alkali land.

The embankment plays the role of flood control and prevention of seawater intrusion, and avoids salinization of the improved soil due to seawater intrusion. Therefore, the length of the embankment should exceed the length of the saline-alkali land near the sea to achieve the effect of this step. my country has a continental climate, and typhoons and storms often occur in coastal areas, often causing seawater intrusion. None of the existing saline-alkali land improvement technologies have considered this prominent practical problem, but it is very important to solve this problem. Once seawater intrusion occurs, the previously improved soil will be salinized again, which will make a lot of work in the past fall short and cause huge losses. Firstly, the invention not only blocks the source of salinization, but also fundamentally solves the technical problem of saline-alkali reoccurrence in improved saline-alkali land.

In order to better facilitate the drainage of salt and water, in step (2), it is preferable to arrange the secondary salt drainage canal in a direction perpendicular to the main salt drainage canal.

The main brine drainage canal is established from high terrain to low terrain, the secondary brine drainage canal and the main brine drainage canal are intersected, and the outlet end of the secondary brine drainage canal is connected with the main brine drainage canal, so that the brine flows along the secondary The level difference of the salt drainage canal flows into the main salt drainage canal, and the salt water will be discharged along the topographic difference of the main salt drainage canal. The invention also clarifies the setting of the outlet of the salt drainage canal to directly divert the water to ponds, lakes or the sea. In this way, the salt discharged from the saline-alkali land will not accumulate in a certain section or the entire section of the drainage channel network because there is no outlet, so the salt content of the saline-alkali land will decrease year by year.

In addition, different from the previous method of using underground ditches and hidden pipes, the present invention adopts the method of open ditches and open channels except for culverts for roads, which overcomes the shortcoming that the underground ditch and hidden pipes are easy to be blocked; and the operation is simpler, feasible, low-cost, and more practical. feasible.

Under the combined use of the secondary salt drainage canal network and the main salt drainage canal network, and a cross layout, on the basis of blocking the source of salinization in step (1), it is more convenient to use rainwater and irrigation to facilitate timely and sufficient salinization. exclude. Can achieve the purpose of long-term governance effect.

Step (3) In the pretreatment of saline-alkali land, the interval between each deep plowing is 10-15 days, in order to ensure that the sunlight will kill the underground pests and germs after deep plowing. The soil treatment of saline-alkali land in the present invention is only deep plowing and application of organic fertilizers, without adding other chemical treatment components, low cost, and will not pollute the environment and will not have any subsequent adverse effects. For example, some existing treatment methods are adding improvers, peat soil, polyacrylamide or aluminum sulfate powder to the soil. On the one hand, the cost is high, and on the other hand, the subsequent impact on the environment and soil is relatively serious. For example, adding chemical amendments will cause soil compaction, etc., which will bring new problems, and some treatment methods are not suitable for planting commercial crops.

There is a certain terrain difference in the salt drainage ditch between the ridges. When it rains moderately or heavily, the salt water formed by the rainwater washing the salt on the ridge and between the ridges will flow into the secondary salt drainage channel network along the terrain difference of the salt drainage ditch between the ridges . In this way, as the planting time prolongs, the salinity in the saline-alkali plantation area will decrease year by year.

The present invention utilizes the method of ridge formation to form a network of large-area field drainage ditches. The saline ditches have poor terrain. In most coastal areas of my country, there is a lot of rain, and the frequency of moderate or heavy rain is high. In this way, the rainwater will wash away the salt content of the saline-alkali land to form salt water along the road. Field salt water ditch discharge.

The isolation box in step (4) is an isolation carton or carton, which is prepared according to the size of the plant and the type of crops. The carton or carton is made of ordinary corrugated paper, which has good air permeability and does not pollute the environment. And the carton or carton is made with a certain density of small holes, the hole diameter is 0.3-0.5cm, so as to facilitate the ventilation and the outward expansion of the root system.

It is the first application in the field that the present invention directly adopts the corrugated paper isolation box, which is simple, feasible and low in cost. In the past, gravel was used as the isolation layer, but the disadvantage of this method is not only the high cost, but also the isolation of the gravel is not tight, and the salt can easily reach the planting area through the isolation layer, so this method is not applicable. In the present invention, the cardboard box is used for the first time to isolate the root system of the planting area from the saline-alkali soil. This method not only has low cost, but also has a good isolation effect, and the salt will not enter the planting area. The method of the invention is suitable for planting economic crops, has strong practicability, not only improves soil, but also can plant economic crops to bring economic benefits.

The nutrient soil in step (4) is uniformly prepared by mixing coarse sand, organic fertilizer and common loam. in. The diameter of the coarse sand is 5-10mm; the organic fertilizer does not contain insect eggs, germs and toxic substances; the ordinary loam must not be salinized, nor does it contain insect eggs, germs and toxic substances. Moreover, in the nutrient soil formula, by weight, coarse sand accounts for 25-30%, organic fertilizer accounts for 10-15%, and the rest is loam.

What the present invention planted was mainly economic crops, including grapes, kiwi fruit, fast-growing poplar, potatoes, watermelons, strawberries, etc., after the seeds or plants were planted in the isolation box by using nutrient soil in step (4), the nutrient soil was compacted and watered. permeable.

The post-planting maintenance in step (5) includes installation and use of a fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system, and implementation of pest control techniques.

Immediately after planting, install the integrated fertilizer and water irrigation system. Common pressurized drip irrigation system is used. It is pressurized by a water pump, and it is equipped with a sedimentation tank, a trash fence, and a filter. Use 2-3 grade piping system. Use natural fresh water for irrigation. While performing drip irrigation, soluble fertilizers are regularly added, and the fertilizers are dissolved and filtered before being added to the drip irrigation system. Fertilize and irrigate according to crop growth needs. Under the joint action of irrigation and rainwater, as the plants grow, the salinity in the upper planting layer soil gradually decreases, achieving a virtuous cycle. Fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system has high fertilizer and water utilization efficiency, which not only saves a lot of fertilizer and water, but also overcomes the environmental pollution caused by the large amount of fertilizer not being absorbed by crops in traditional methods. According to the characteristics of the crops, pest control techniques are implemented, mainly based on pesticide control, and combined with physical control and biological control.

The method of the present invention comprehensively utilizes the polymerization method of draining salt from the ditch network, washing salt with natural rainwater, and locally controlling the planting space to isolate the planting area of the plant from contacting the saline-alkali soil and effectively planting economic crops, and realizes the salinization of coastal beaches through a simple and effective method. Improve the soil to grow economic crops at low cost, and maximize the use of saline-alkali land to bring economic benefits.

Beneficial effects: the polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops of the present invention is a brand-new tidal flat saline-alkali soil improvement method and a brand-new method of saline-alkali land separating salt to plant economic crops, which is easy to operate, low in cost, and strong in practicability. The effect is good, and it is suitable for large-scale development and utilization of saline-alkali land for planting economic crops. Among them, through the establishment of a network of salt drainage canals, the salt content of the saline-alkali land is discharged into the salt drainage ditches by using natural rainfall, and the outlets are reasonably set up to remove the salt water in a timely and sufficient manner, so as to reduce the salt content of the saline-alkali land. Plant the plants in isolated cartons or cartons with nutrient soil, separate the economic crops from the saline-alkali land through the cartons or cartons, use the integrated fertilizer and water irrigation system to supply sufficient fresh water and fertilizers to the plants, and cooperate with pest control Technology guarantees the normal growth of crops.

detailed description

Example 1

The polymerization method of improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops of the present embodiment includes the following processing steps:

(1) Build dikes for flood control and prevention of seawater intrusion

Select the tidal flat that needs to be improved, and build a dike on the side near the sea. The dike is 80cm high and 90cm wide. The length of the dike depends on the length of the tidal flat near the sea.

According to observations, strong typhoons and rainstorms occur frequently in the east and southeast of my country, and seawater intrusion occurs every 3-5 years in coastal areas due to typhoons and rainstorms. Therefore, if dikes are not built to prevent flooding and seawater intrusion, the improved saline-alkali land will be salinized again due to seawater intrusion.

(2) Establishment of salt drainage canal network

Build the main salt drainage canal from the high terrain to the low terrain, and build a main salt drainage canal every 1.5 kilometers. Such a large tidal flat needs to build multiple main salt drainage canals to form a main salt drainage canal network. Each main brine drain is 3 meters deep and 2 meters wide. The outlet of the main brine drainage canal leads to a large pond, lake or sea, and the brine will be discharged along the terrain difference of the main brine drainage canal. Open channel is used for main discharge salt water channel, and culvert is used for road.

A secondary brine drainage canal is set perpendicular to the direction of the main brine drainage canal. Build a secondary salt drainage ditch every 800 meters to form multiple secondary salt drainage ditch networks. Each secondary drainage ditch is 2 meters deep and 1.5 meters wide. The outlet of the secondary brine drainage ditch is connected to the main brine drainage ditch, and the brine will flow into the main brine drainage ditch along the terrain difference of the secondary brine drainage ditch. Secondary salt drainage canals are also open channels, and culverts are used to pass through roads.

(3) Pretreatment of saline-alkali land

Before planting, apply organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali land 2 times, deep plow 3 times, apply chopped straw before deep plowing to increase soil air permeability, the interval between each deep plowing is 12 days, and rake the soil evenly after deep plowing.

Ridge the planting rows according to the planting row spacing. Ridge height 50cm, width 50cm. In this way, an inter-ridge salt water drainage ditch is formed between the ridges, and the direction of the inter-ridge salt water drainage ditch is perpendicular to the direction of the secondary salt water drainage ditch. There is a certain terrain difference in the salt drainage ditches between the ridges.

(4) Isolated planting

According to the plant size and crop type, ordinary corrugated paper is used to make an isolation box of a suitable size. Several small holes with a diameter of 0.5cm are made on the isolation box; coarse sand with a diameter of 5-10mm, organic fertilizer and ordinary loam are mixed to prepare nutrients. Among them, the organic fertilizer does not contain insect eggs, germs and toxic substances, and ordinary loam must not be salinized, nor does it contain insect eggs, germs and toxic substances; and by weight, coarse sand accounts for 30%, and organic fertilizer accounts for 10%. %, the remaining portion is loam; on the saline-alkali ridge after step (3) pretreatment, dig out the pit suitable for isolation box placement, and the isolation box is put into the pit, so that the upper end of the isolation box is at the same height as the ridge, and the prepared nutrition The soil was put into the isolation box, and potatoes were planted, the nutrient soil was compacted and watered;

(5) Maintenance after planting

Immediately after planting, install the integrated fertilizer and water irrigation system. Common pressurized drip irrigation system is used. It is pressurized by a water pump, and it is equipped with a sedimentation tank, a trash fence, and a filter. Use 2-3 grade piping system. Use natural fresh water for irrigation. While drip irrigation is in progress, soluble fertilizers are regularly added, and the dissolved fertilizers must be filtered before being added to the drip irrigation system. Fertilize and irrigate as needed. According to the characteristics of the crops, pest control techniques are implemented, mainly based on pesticide control, and combined with physical control and biological control.

Example 2

The processing steps of the polymerization method of improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops in this embodiment are the same as in embodiment 1, except that step (3) deeply plows the saline-alkali land twice with an interval of 15 days.

Example 3

The processing steps of the polymerization method of improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops of the present embodiment are the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the coarse sand in the nutrient soil used in step (4) accounts for 25%, and the organic fertilizer accounts for 15%.

Comparative example 1

The processing steps of the polymerization method of improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops in this comparative example are the same as in Example 1, the difference is that step (4) does not use an isolation cardboard box, and directly puts nutrient soil into the pit for planting.

Comparative example 2

The processing steps of the polymerization method of improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops in this comparative example are the same as in Example 1, the difference is that step (3) does not have ridges, and step (4) is directly carried out by digging pits on the pretreated saline-alkali land to plant.

Comparative example 3

In this comparative example, potatoes are directly planted in saline-alkali land, and the management after planting is the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example 4

In this comparative example, potatoes are directly planted in normal soil, and the management after planting is the same as in Example 1.

Through the above experiments, potatoes were planted, and the yield was counted during the first year of high crop yield. The results are as follows:

serial number catties/mu yield Pure economic benefits (yuan/mu) Example 1 12200 6000 Example 2 12500 5800 Example 3 12600 5900 Comparative example 1 680 300 Comparative example 2 800 500 Comparative example 3 0 Negative benefit Comparative example 4 12800 10000

According to the statistical results, it can be seen through analysis that the processing method of the present invention is a systematic and interconnected and unified method, and each processing step is all indispensable.

Saline-alkali soil salinity measurement, measured value is 100% when untreated, through on-the-spot measurement, as a complete system method, the inventive method is according to the situation of natural rainfall, after test point improvement, saline-alkali soil salinity measurement result is as follows :

time salt content of saline soil Unprocessed measured value 100% first year after planting <50% After the second year of planting <20% After planting in the third year <10% After the fifth year of planting Basically reach the standard of normal soil

Claims (6)

1. A polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops is characterized in that it comprises the following processing steps: (1) Establish dikes for flood control and anti-sea water intrusion: select the tidal flats that need to be improved, and build dikes with a height of 60-90 cm and a width of 80-100 cm on the side near the sea. The length of the dikes is longer than that of the tidal flats near the sea. side length; (2) Establish a network of salt drainage canals: from high terrain to low terrain, build a main drainage canal every 1.0-2.0 kilometers. Each main drainage canal is 3-6 meters deep and 1.5-3 meters wide. Outlets to ponds, lakes or the sea; every 500-1000 meters to establish a secondary drainage channel intersecting the main drainage channel, each secondary drainage channel is 2-3 meters deep and 1.5-2 meters wide, and The outlet of the secondary brine drainage canal is connected to the main brine drainage canal, thereby forming a network of brine drainage canals; (3) Pretreatment of saline-alkali land: apply organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali land 1-2 times before planting, plow 2-3 times, and apply chopped straw before deep plowing to increase soil air permeability, and the interval between each deep plowing is 10-15 days, After deep plowing, rake the soil evenly; according to the planting row spacing, ridges are formed in the planting rows. The height of the ridge is 35-55cm, and the width is 40-50cm. Between the ridges, a salt water ditch is formed between the ridges, and the direction of the salt water ditch between the ridges is consistent with the secondary Drainage ditch is vertical; (4) Isolation planting: Prepare the isolation box according to the plant size and crop type, and prepare the nutrient soil; dig a pit suitable for the size of the isolation box on the pretreated saline-alkali ridge, put the isolation box into the pit, and make the upper end of the isolation box At the same height as the ridge, put the prepared nutrient soil into the isolation box and plant cash crops; (5) Maintenance after planting: After planting, install fertilizer and water integrated irrigation system, fertilize and irrigate as needed; implement pest control technology based on the characteristics of crops, mainly pesticide control, and use physical control and biological control. 2. according to claim 1, improve tidal flat saline-alkali land and the polymerization method of planting economic crops, it is characterized in that: step (4) is shaped on the aperture 0.3-0.5cm aperture on the isolation box, so that breathable and crop root system outwards stretch , the isolation box is made of ordinary corrugated paper. 3. according to claim 1, improve tidal flat saline-alkali land and the polymerization method of planting economic crops, it is characterized in that: coarse sand accounts for 25-30% in the described nutrient soil of step (4), organic fertilizer accounts for 10-15%, all the other are loam. 4. according to claim 3, improve tidal flat saline-alkali land and the polymerization method of planting economic crops, it is characterized in that: described coarse sand diameter 5-10mm; , does not contain insect eggs, germs and toxic substances. 5. according to claim 1, improve tidal flat saline-alkali land and the polymerization method of planting economic crops, it is characterized in that: step (5) adopts common pressurized drip irrigation system; When carrying out drip irrigation, add soluble fertilizer, add after fertilizer dissolves and filters In drip irrigation system. 6. The polymerization method for improving tidal flat saline-alkali land and planting economic crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polymerization method is suitable for growing economic crops in saline-alkali land.