CN106105741A - A kind of simplification pest controlling method for state's orchid facility plantation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of simplification pest controlling method for state's orchid facility plantation, belongs to fancy horticulture class pest and disease damage Control Technology field.The present invention is directed to state's orchid facility plantation growth course, build a set of " six-character formula " (clearly, select, adjust, execute, change and control) simplification pest controlling pattern, operation is simple, specification, safe efficient, can be while effective generation controlling disease pest in state's orchid facility planting process and causing harm, substantially reduce chemical fertilizer, Pesticide use, realize chemical fertilizer, subtracting of pesticide executes potentiation, also allow peasant more saving of labor, laborsaving, save time.

Description

A simplified damage control method for protected planting of Chinese orchid

technical field

The invention relates to a simplified method for controlling orchids in protected planting, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of ornamental horticultural diseases and insect pests.

Background technique

Orchids are precious ornamental plants and are listed as the top ten famous flowers in China. Orchids are mainly divided into three categories according to their ecological habits: ground orchids, aerial orchids, and saprophytic orchids. Among them, most of the varieties of ground orchids are native to China, so ground orchids are also called Chinese orchids, referred to as national orchids, and usually refer to a part of the ground species of Cymbidium plants in the genus Cymbidium. The national orchids are mainly divided into five categories: Chunlan, Cymbidium, Jianlan, Hanlan and Molan. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 700 genera and more than 20,000 species in the world, and many new varieties are discovered and cultivated every year.

At present, most of the national orchid cultivation is based on facility planting as the main cultivation method. However, due to changes in the growth environment and the intensive production mode of greenhouses, the damage from diseases and insect pests has become increasingly serious, posing a major threat to the facility cultivation of orchids. At present, the main diseases of Chinese orchids in Fujian include anthracnose, brown spot, stem rot, etc., and the main pests include thrips, red spiders, and scale insects. Farmers have a very urgent need for the prevention and control methods of these diseases and insect pests.

In response to this problem, some scholars have proposed some feasible cultivation and control technology solutions, such as Liu Xiaojiang et al. et al. (2011) reported the regularity of occurrence of orchid pests and diseases and key points of their control (Xincun: Heilongjiang, CN: 23-1552/S), and Ma Wenhui reported the occurrence and control of common orchid pests and diseases (Agricultural Knowledge, CN: 37-1005/S ), Sun Fei (2007) reported the pest control technology of domestic orchids (rural practical technology, CN: 53-1171/S), Huo Xuehong et al. S), Li Ling (2011) reported research on orchid cultivation and pest control (Time Report: Academic Edition, CN: 41-1413/I), Li Cuilan (2008) reported orchid cultivation and pest control (Shanxi Forestry, CN: 14-1191/S), Wen Jihui (2012) Occurrence, development and control methods of major orchid pests and diseases (Hunan Forestry Science and Technology, CN: 43-1096/S), Song Xiaobing (2010) Identification and control of potted orchid pests and diseases (Anhui Forestry , CN: 34-1080/S), Yang Deliang (2006) It is time to prevent orchid pests and diseases in midsummer (rural practical technology, CN: 53-1171/S), Hu Long (2007) pollution-free control of orchid pests and diseases (rural practical technology, CN : 53-1171/S), Zheng Li (2009) Small Proof of Pollution-free Control of Orchid Diseases and Pests (Modern Agriculture, CN : 15-1098/Z), Yang Tieshun (2014) Prevention and Control of Orchid Stem Rot (Patent No.: ZL201310659659.3 ),etc. However, these technologies only propose specific control measures for a specific pest, and all lack the overall simple integration of common prevention and control technologies for major pests and diseases, and are prone to waste of fertilizer and water and repeated application of pesticides. The simplified pest control method of greenhouse planting can effectively control the occurrence and damage of diseases and insect pests in the planting process of orchids, significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, realize the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase efficiency, and gradually achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simplified method for controlling the damage of Chinese orchid facility planting, which can significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides while effectively controlling the occurrence and damage of plant diseases and insect pests in the facility planting process of Chinese orchid , Realize the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the planting process of orchids, and also save farmers more labor, labor and time.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A simplified damage control method for protected planting of Chinese orchids, which adopts "six-character tactics" measures for the growth process of protected planting of Chinese orchids:

(1) Cleaning: clean the facilities; remove weeds, diseased and insect branches and their residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse before and during planting;

(2) Selection: Select the substrate, orchid seedlings and pots; before planting, select the sterilized substrate, healthy orchid seedlings without pests and pots with good drainage and ventilation;

(3) Adjustment: adjust the small cultivation environment; during the planting period, the temperature of the facility is controlled at 15-30°C (electric heating heaters, geothermal lines, negative pressure fans, water curtains and other equipment can be used to prevent cold and cool down and ventilate), and the relative humidity is controlled at 70- 80%, the light is controlled for 4-6 hours a day, and the ventilation is ventilated according to the weather conditions;

(4) Application: apply water, fertilizer and seedling attractant; watering is mainly sprayed, supplemented by artificial, master the principle of "do not dry or water, water thoroughly", water the newly planted plants thoroughly once to fix the roots Water (preferably soaked from the bottom of the pot and taken out once soaked), water once in 3-5 days in summer and autumn, and once in 7-10 days in winter and spring; on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, add sweet and sour liquid in combination with fertilizer and water , Environmental protection enzyme or 5% amino oligosaccharin aqueous solution 500-1000 times 3-5 times, each interval of 25-30 days;

(5) Change: change the pot; during the planting period, replace the orchid plant with pots of different specifications according to the needs. The replacement principle: First, the growth of the orchid plant root group in the pot is limited, and the root system passes through the pot hole or exposes the soil surface ; Second, the long-term use of the cultivation medium has deteriorated physical properties and excessive nutrient consumption; at the same time, pruning of diseased and insect leaves;

(6) Control: control diseases and insect pests; follow the principle of "treating early, treating small, and curing"; The density is 1-2 units/400m ² , the hanging height is 50-60cm above the seedlings; the hanging density of yellow and blue boards is 2-3 pieces/100m ² , the two are suspended at intervals, and the hanging height is above the seedlings At 10-15cm, clean the lamps and replace the board once every 1-2 months; at the same time, wrap a layer of plastic film with evenly painted engine oil on each pillar around the seedbed as a seedbed insect-proof isolation belt, every 2-3 Repaint once a month, and evenly spread a circle of polyaldehyde carbaryl granules with a mass concentration of 6% on the ground around the pillars as a ground insect-proof isolation belt, and respray once every 10-15 days; When the rate of diseased plants is ≥1%, use 300 million CFU/gram of Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder 20-25g/100m ² , mass concentration of 5% Jinggangmycin water 15-20g/100m ² , 40% more Manganese zinc wettable powder 100-120g/100m ² and 2-3 kinds of medicaments in the mass concentration of 12% benzyl fluoroamide suspension concentrate 8-10mL/100m ² are sprayed 2-3 times, each interval is 10-15 day, to control anthracnose, brown spot and stem rot; when the rate of insect strains is ≥ 1%, use 70-100g/100m ² of Verticillium lecanii powder in rotation with 20 billion cfu/g. Concentration is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 3-5ml/100m ² and mass concentration is 5% Avi Acetamiprid microemulsion 3-4ml/100m ^2-3 kinds of medicament sprays 1-3 time in 2, each The time interval is 10-15 days, mainly to control the pests of thrips, spider mites and scale insects.

Remarkable effect of the present invention is:

(1) It provides a complete set of simplified damage control models suitable for planting orchid facilities. The operation is simple, standardized, safe and efficient, which can save farmers more labor, effort and time.

(2) It can effectively control the damage of diseases and insect pests in the planting process of orchid facilities (the control effect is more than 95%), significantly save the amount of fertilizer and reduce the repeated application of pesticides (reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 25-30%), and achieve chemical The reduction and efficiency increase of fertilizers and pesticides is of great significance to environmental protection.

(2) Improve farmers' awareness and level of pest control in the planting process of Chinese orchid facilities, reduce the cost of damage control by 30-45%, increase the qualified rate of Chinese orchid products by 15-20%, and have significant economic and social benefits.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described by examples below, and these descriptions are not intended to further limit the content of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that equivalent replacements or corresponding improvements made to the contents of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Take the following measures for the growth process of Chinese orchid facilities:

(1) Remove weeds, diseased and pest branches and their residues on the periphery of the greenhouse and in the shed in time before planting and regularly during the planting period;

(2) Before planting, choose a sterilized substrate, healthy orchid seedlings without pests and pots with good drainage and ventilation;

(3) During the planting period, the temperature of the facility is controlled at 25°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 75%, the light is controlled for 5 hours a day, and the ventilation is ventilated according to the weather conditions;

(4) During the planting period, spraying is the main method of watering, supplemented by manual work. Plants just planted should be watered once for root fixation, once every 4 days in summer and autumn, and once every 9 days in winter and spring; conventional fertilizer and water management, fertilization is reasonable With the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, quick-acting fertilizers and late-acting fertilizers, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are applied in combination; at the same time, combined with fertilizers and water, 800 times of environmentally friendly enzymes are applied 5 times, with an interval of 25 days between each time;

(5) During the planting period, when the growth of the orchid root group in the pot is limited, some roots penetrate the pot hole or expose the soil surface, or the physical properties of the cultivation medium deteriorate after long-term use, and the nutrient consumption is excessive, replace it with different specifications in time. Pots; at the same time, properly trim the diseased and pest leaves;

(6) After planting, install multi-functional electrostatic pest control lamps and yellow and blue boards in the facility. The suspension density of functional electrostatic pest control lamps and greenhouse electric defogging, disease prevention, and growth promotion machines are both 2 units/400m ² , and the suspension height It is 60cm above the seedlings; the hanging density of yellow and blue boards is 3 pieces/100m ² , they are suspended at intervals, and the hanging height is 10cm above the seedlings. Clean the lamps and replace the boards once every two months; Each pillar around the seedbed is wrapped with a layer of plastic film that is evenly coated with engine oil as a seedbed insect-proof isolation belt, and it is repainted every 2 months, and evenly spread on the ground around the pillars with a mass concentration of 6%. The polyaldehyde carbaryl granule is used as the ground insect-proof isolation belt, and it is sprinkled once every 15 days; when the diseased strain rate is ≥ 1%, the wettable powder of Trichoderma harzianum with 300 million CFU/g is used in rotation 25g/100m ^2. 110g/100m2 of 40% multi ^- manganese zinc wettable powder and 8mL/100m2 of Benzyl Fluoramide suspension concentrate with a mass concentration of ¹² % are sprayed 3 times, with an interval of 12 days between each time, to prevent and control anthracnose and brown spots disease and stem rot; when the rate of insects is ≥1%, use 20 billion cfu/ ^g Verticillium lecanii powder 100g/100m2 and 22.4% spirotetramat suspension concentrate 4ml in rotation Spray 2 times per 100m ² with an interval of 15 days each time to control pests such as thrips, spider mite and scale insects.

In this example, the control effect of diseases and insect pests in the planting process of Chinese orchid facilities is more than 96%, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced by 30%, thereby reducing the cost of pest control by 35%, and improving the qualified rate of Chinese orchid products by 20%. The social and ecological benefits are very significant.

Example 2

Take the following measures for the growth process of Chinese orchid facilities:

(1) Cleaning: clean the facilities; remove the weeds, diseased and insect branches and their residues on the periphery of the greenhouse and in the shed in time before planting and regularly during the planting period;

(2) Selection: Select the substrate, orchid seedlings and pots; before planting, select the sterilized substrate, healthy orchid seedlings without pests and pots with good drainage and ventilation;

(3) Adjustment: adjust the small cultivation environment; during the planting period, the temperature of the facility is controlled at 30°C (electric heating heaters, geothermal wires, negative pressure fans, water curtains and other equipment can be used for cooling and ventilation), and the relative humidity is controlled at 80%. Control 6 hours a day, ventilate according to weather conditions;

(4) Application: apply water, fertilizer and seedling attractant; watering is mainly sprayed, supplemented by artificial, master the principle of "do not dry or water, water thoroughly", water the newly planted plants thoroughly once to fix the roots Water (preferably soaked from the bottom of the pot, take it out as soon as it is soaked), water once in 3-5 days in summer and autumn, and once in 7-10 days in winter and spring; conventional fertilizer and water management, fertilization should be reasonably matched with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, quick-acting Fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied in combination; at the same time, 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution 1000 times solution is applied 4 times in combination with fertilizer and water, with an interval of 30 days between each time;

(5) Change: change the pot; during the planting period, replace the orchid plant with pots of different specifications according to the needs. The replacement principle: First, the growth of the orchid plant root group in the pot is limited, and the root system passes through the pot hole or exposes the soil surface The second is that the physical properties of the cultivation medium will deteriorate after long-term use, and the nutrients will be consumed excessively; at the same time, the diseased and insect leaves should be properly trimmed;

(6) Control: control diseases and insect pests; follow the principle of "treating early, treating small, and curing"; The density is 1 set/400m ² , the hanging height is 50cm above the seedlings; the hanging density of the yellow and blue boards is 2 pieces/100m ² , they are suspended at intervals, the hanging height is 15cm above the seedlings, every 1 Clean the lamps and replace the board once a month; at the same time, wrap a layer of plastic film that is evenly coated with engine oil on the outside of the seedbed around the seedbed as an insect-proof isolation belt for the seedbed, and repaint it every 3 months. Evenly spread polyaldehyde carbaryl granules with a mass concentration of 6% on the ground as a ground insect-proof isolation zone, and respray once every 15 days; when the diseased plant rate is ≥ 1%, use 300 million CFU/ gram of Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder 20g/100m ² , Jinggangmycin aqueous solution 20g/100m ² with a mass concentration of 5%, 10mL/100m ² Benzyl Fluoramide suspension concentrate with a mass concentration of 12% and sprayed twice, Each interval is 15 days, mainly to prevent and control anthracnose, brown spot and stem rot; when the rate of insect strains is ≥ 1%, use 20 billion cfu/ ^g Verticillium lecanii powder 70g/100m2 in rotation , The mass concentration is 5% Avi • Acetamiprid microemulsion 4ml/100m ² Spray 3 times, each time at an interval of 10 days, to control thrips, spider mites and scale insects as the main pests.

In this example, the control effect of diseases and insect pests in the planting process of Chinese orchid facilities reaches more than 95%, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced by 25%, thereby reducing the cost of pest control by 30%, and improving the qualified rate of Chinese orchid products by 15-20%. The economic, social and ecological benefits are very significant.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A simplification method of controlling damage for protected planting of Chinese orchid, characterized in that: "Liu Zi Jue" measures are taken for the growth process of protected planting of Chinese orchid, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) Cleaning: clean the facilities; remove weeds, diseased and insect branches and their residues on the periphery and inside of the facility greenhouse before and during planting; (2) Selection: Select the substrate, orchid seedlings and pots; before planting, select the sterilized substrate, healthy orchid seedlings without pests and pots with good drainage and ventilation; (3) Adjustment: adjust the small cultivation environment; during the planting period, the temperature of the facility is controlled at 15-30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 70-80%, the light is controlled for 4-6 hours a day, and ventilation is provided; (4) Application: Water, fertilizer and seedling attractant; watering is mainly sprayed, supplemented by artificial, and the newly planted plants are watered once with root-fixing water, once every 3-5 days in summer and autumn, and once every 7-7 days in winter and spring. Water once every 10 days, and water thoroughly every time; on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, add 5 wt.% amino-oligosaccharin water solution or environmental protection enzyme 500-1000 times solution 3-5 times, each time Interval 25-30 days; (5) Change: change the pot; during the planting period, replace the orchid plant with pots of different specifications according to the needs. The replacement principle: First, the growth of the orchid plant root group in the pot is limited, and the root system passes through the pot hole or exposes the soil surface ; The second is that the physical properties of the cultivation medium deteriorate after long-term use, and excessive nutrient consumption; and pruning of diseased and insect leaves; (6) Control: control diseases and insect pests; after planting, install multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamps and yellow and blue boards in the facility. The hanging density of functional electrostatic insect killing lamps is 1-2 sets/400m ² 50-60cm above the seedlings; the hanging density of the yellow and blue boards is 2-3 pieces/100m ² , the two are suspended at intervals, the hanging height is 10-15cm above the seedlings, and the lamps and lanterns are cleaned every 1-2 months. Change the board once; at the same time, place an insect-proof isolation belt around the seedbed, that is, wrap a layer of plastic film that is evenly coated with engine oil on each pillar around the seedbed, and repaint it every 2-3 months. Spread polyaldehyde carbaryl granules with a mass concentration of 6% evenly on the ground around the pillars, and respray once every 10-15 days; when the diseased plant rate is ≥ 1%, use 300 million CFU/ 20-25g/100m ² of Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder, 15-20g/100m ² of Jinggangmycin aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%, 100-120g/100m ² of 40% multi-manganese zinc wettable powder and a mass concentration of Spray ^2-3 kinds of agents in 12% Benzyl Fluoramide Suspending Concentrate 8-10mL/100m2 2-3 times, each time at an interval of 10-15 days, to prevent and control anthracnose, brown spot and stem rot main disease; when the rate of insect strains is ≥1%, use 70-100g/100m ² of 20 billion cfu/g Verticillium lecanii powder in rotation, and 3-5ml/ 100m ² and 2-3 kinds of medicaments in 5% Avi Acetamiprid microemulsion 3-4ml/100m ² are sprayed 1-3 times with an interval of 10-15 days each time to prevent thrips and red spiders and scale insect-based pests.