CN106092699B - Cuboid rock sample three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. A device and method for making three-dimensional intermittent through-cracks of a cuboid rock sample, including a frame, an electric wire saw component arranged on the frame, a three-dimensional moving component, a sample fixing component and a crack width control component, which adopts a three-dimensional moving component And the sample fixing component can realize the multi-directional three-dimensional adjustment of the real rock sample, and meet the production requirements of the through-crack. During the production of intermittent prefabricated cracks with different widths, the crack width control component can effectively solve the problems of insufficient straightness and smoothness caused by manual wire sawing and large gap differences between different samples. , can optimize the test results to the greatest extent, ensure the accuracy of the test results, and truly reflect the fracture law of the rock.

Description

Apparatus and method for making three-dimensional intermittent through-cracks of cuboid rock samples

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular relates to a device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional intermittent through cracks of a cuboid rock sample.

Background technique

Fractured rock mass is one of the most common and important media in industries such as water conservancy, mining, transportation, energy, and national defense. Due to diagenesis and tectonic movement, there are intermittently developed fractures of different scales inside the fractured rock mass. Fractured rock mass directly affects the safety and stability of rock mass projects such as underground powerhouses of large-scale hydropower projects, ultra-long hydraulic tunnels, underground energy storage, and underground isolation of nuclear waste. Key factors to consider first. A large number of engineering practices at home and abroad have shown that the rupture and instability of engineering rock mass are mostly caused by the initiation, expansion and penetration of cracks of various scales inside the rock mass under the action of environmental forces. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties of fractured rock mass and the process of fracture initiation, expansion, and penetration is a very important basic research work, which is of great significance for evaluating the safety and stability of rock mass engineering and taking reasonable support measures.

Laboratory test is an effective way to study the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of fractured rock mass. Generally, the indoor compression or shear test is carried out by prefabricating cracks in the cuboid sample. During the test, the prefabricated crack is a more difficult problem. Since the model test is relatively easy to implement, more experimental research work has been carried out in this area. In this method, cement mortar, gypsum, barite and other materials are mixed in a certain proportion to make rock-like materials to simulate real rocks, and mica sheets, thin steel sheets and aluminum sheets are pre-embedded in the model samples by drawing strips to make fractures. Continue through the crack. However, rock is a medium composed of different minerals and has significant characteristics such as heterogeneity and anisotropy. It is difficult for rock-like materials to accurately reflect the mechanical properties and fracture propagation mechanism of real rock materials. Therefore, making discontinuous fractures in real rocks is a key step to study the mechanical properties of fractured rock mass and the characteristics of fracture propagation.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems and deficiencies, and provide a device and method for making three-dimensional intermittent through-cracks in cuboid rock samples.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted are:

A cuboid rock sample three-dimensional intermittent penetrating crack making device, comprising a frame, an electric wire saw component arranged on the frame, a three-dimensional moving component, a sample fixing component and a crack width control component;

The frame includes a worktable and legs, the lower part of the worktable is provided with a lower support plate, and the upper part of the worktable is provided with an upper support plate. The electric wire saw assembly consists of an upper swing rod, a lower The four-link cutting mechanism composed of rods, connecting rods and saw wires, and the driving motor, eccentric wheel and driving arm arranged on the lower support plate, the upper and lower swing rods are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the worktable, and the upper and lower The middle parts of the swing rod and the lower swing rod are pivotally connected with the upper support plate and the worktable respectively, and the worktable corresponding to the saw wire is provided with a threading through hole;

The three-dimensional moving assembly includes a longitudinal moving unit, a lateral moving unit and a rotating unit, and the longitudinal moving unit includes a longitudinal chute fixedly arranged on the worktable, and a longitudinal sliding rail that is matched with a sliding card and is set in the longitudinal chute , and an adjustment power push rod arranged between the longitudinal slide rail and the longitudinal slide groove, the lateral movement unit includes a horizontal slide groove fixedly arranged on the longitudinal slide rail, a matching slide clamped in the horizontal slide groove rail, and an adjustment power push rod arranged between the transverse slide groove and the transverse slide rail, the rotating unit includes a circular bottom plate fixed on the transverse slide rail, and an arm guard cylinder embedded in the bottom plate for rotation and sliding And the positioning bolts arranged evenly around the circumference between the base plate and the arm guard cylinder, the base plate outside the arm guard cylinder is engraved with an angle scale with a wrap angle of 360°, and a cutting through hole is opened in the middle of the base plate. A centering scale is arranged on the bottom plate inside the arm guard cylinder;

The sample fixing assembly includes two clamping power push rods correspondingly arranged on the arm body, and a V-shaped clamp arranged at the inner end of the clamping power push rod;

The crack width control assembly includes two vertical plates arranged in parallel on the lateral slide rails on the outside of the bottom plate, an adjustment chute set on the top of the vertical plate, two sliders that are slidingly clamped in the two adjustment chute slots, and a parallel arrangement Between the fixed rod and the moving rod between the two sliders, the slider is provided with a gap fine-tuning chute, and the moving rod is matched and slid in the gap fine-tuning chute, between the moving rod and the slider, the slider and the Positioning bolts are arranged between the adjusting chute, and a micrometer is arranged on the slide block.

The longitudinal chute is fixedly arranged on the worktable through multiple sets of U-shaped clamps.

The adjusting power push rod is any one of screw rod, cylinder or electric push rod, and the clamping power push rod is any one of screw rod, cylinder or electric push rod.

A method for making cracks using the above-mentioned device for making three-dimensional intermittently through cracks in a cuboid rock sample, comprising the following steps:

①Collect real rock samples, cut and polish the rock samples to form cuboid rock samples, determine the position and size of multiple intermittent prefabricated cracks through physical setting out, and drill holes at both ends of each prefabricated crack, so that In the rock sample corresponding to both ends of the prefabricated fissure, a penetrating borehole is formed through the top and bottom surfaces, and the diameter of the borehole is the same as the width of the prefabricated fissure;

② Place the cuboid rock sample between the two V-shaped clamps, adjust the orientation of the rock sample with reference to the centering scale on the bottom plate, and when it is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the arm cylinder, rotate the clamping power to push The rod pushes the V-shaped clamps to move towards each other to clamp the rock sample;

③Turn the arm guard, and adjust the angle of the rock sample with reference to the angle scale on the bottom plate, so that the length direction of the prefabricated crack is consistent with the cutting direction of the saw wire, that is, the prefabricated crack is parallel to the moving rod, and tighten the arm guard The positioning bolts between the arm guard and the bottom plate complete the fixing of the arm guard cylinder and the bottom plate;

④Refer to the micrometer to adjust the moving rod, adjust the distance between the moving rod and the fixed rod to the width of the prefabricated crack, tighten the positioning bolt between the moving rod and the slider, and slide the slider back and forth so that the distance between the moving rod and the fixed rod The gap between the upper and lower sides of the prefabricated crack coincides with each other, and the positioning bolt between the slider and the adjustment chute is tightened;

⑤Fix the three-dimensional mobile assembly on the worktable, and adjust the adjustment power push rods of the longitudinal mobile unit and the lateral mobile unit, so that the saw wire between the drill hole at one end of the prefabricated crack of the rock sample and the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod Correspondingly, pass the saw wire through the drill hole, and tighten the fixed connection between the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod;

⑥Start the driving motor, the driving motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, and the driving arm drives the saw wire in the four-link cutting mechanism to move up and down quickly, and rotates the adjusting power push rod between the horizontal chute and the horizontal slide rail to drive the rock sample horizontally Moving, with the fast up and down movement of the saw wire, the abrasive cutting of the rock below between the fixed rod and the moving rod is completed, and when the saw wire cuts to the drill hole at the other end of the prefabricated crack, the horizontal chute and the horizontal slide rail stop rotating Adjust the power push rod between them, turn off the drive motor, remove the saw wire between the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod, and complete the production of a three-dimensional intermittent through crack;

⑦Repeat steps ③~⑥ to make the next prefabricated crack in the rock sample until the predetermined number of cracks is reached.

The diameter of the saw wire is 0.1mm-0.2mm smaller than the width of the prefabricated slit.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect that obtains is:

① The present invention has the advantages of simple overall structure, convenient operation, high precision, and low production cost, and can efficiently and quickly produce three-dimensional intermittent through-cracks in real cuboid rock samples in batches, which greatly improves the accuracy of mechanical experiments and can effectively It reflects the mechanical properties of rock materials and the mechanism of crack expansion; at the same time, this application can realize the production of intermittent through cracks with different numbers, different inclination angles, and different widths. Compared with the existing artificial cracks, the present invention can be highly mechanized. It can mass-produce three-dimensional intermittent fractures in rocks with high precision, which can greatly improve work efficiency.

②The present invention adopts the three-dimensional moving component and the sample fixing component, which can realize the multi-directional three-dimensional adjustment of the rock sample and meet the production requirements of the through-crack. At the same time, the prefabrication is completed through the cooperation of the electric wire saw component and the crack width control component. In the process of making cracks, the crack width control component can effectively solve the problems of insufficient straightness and smoothness caused by saw wire cutting, and large gap differences between different samples, which can be optimized to the maximum The test results ensure the accuracy of the test results and truly reflect the fracture law of the rock.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional intermittent through-crack of a cuboid rock sample.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the three-dimensional moving component, the sample fixing component and the crack width control component.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the left view of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a slit width control assembly.

Serial numbers in the figure: 1 is the working table, 2 is the outrigger, 3 is the lower support plate, 4 is the upper support plate, 5 is the upper swing rod, 6 is the lower swing rod, 7 is the connecting rod, 8 is the saw wire, 9 is the Drive motor, 10 is eccentric wheel, 11 is driving arm, 12 is longitudinal chute, 13 is longitudinal slide rail, 14 is adjusting power push rod, 15 is U-shaped clamp, 16 is transverse chute, 17 is transverse slide rail, 18 is the bottom plate, 19 is the arm guard cylinder, 20 is the positioning bolt, 21 is the angle scale, 22 is the cutting through hole, 23 is the centering scale, 24 is the clamping power push rod, 25 is the V-shaped clamp, 26 Standing plate, 27 for adjusting chute, 28 for slide block, 29 for fixed rod, 30 for moving rod, 31 for fine-tuning chute for crack, 32 for micrometer, 33 for rock sample.

detailed description

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, a device for making a cuboid rock sample three-dimensional intermittently penetrated cracks according to the present invention, the three-dimensional intermittently penetrated crack structure of a cuboid rock sample is shown in Fig. 1, and the rock sample includes two Intermittently through the fissure, the fissure width is d, and the fissure inclination angle is α. The device for making the crack in the present invention includes a frame, an electric wire saw component arranged on the frame, a three-dimensional moving component, a sample fixing component and a crack width control component.

Wherein, the frame includes a workbench 1 and legs 2, the lower part of the workbench 1 is provided with a lower support plate 3, and the upper part of the workbench is provided with an upper support plate 4, and the electric wire saw assembly consists of an upper The four-link cutting mechanism composed of the swing rod 5, the lower swing rod 6, the connecting rod 7 and the saw wire 8, the drive motor 9, the eccentric wheel 10 and the driving arm 11 arranged on the lower support plate 3, the upper swing rod 5 and the lower swing rod 6 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the worktable 1, and the middle parts of the upper swing rod 5 and the lower swing rod 6 are pivotally connected with the upper support plate 4 and the worktable 1 respectively, and the worktable 1 corresponding to the saw wire 8 is set There is a threading through hole, and the driving motor 9 drives the four-link cutting mechanism to move up and down through the eccentric wheel 10 and the driving arm 11, and drives the saw wire 8 to perform reciprocating cutting.

The three-dimensional moving assembly includes a longitudinal moving unit, a lateral moving unit and a rotating unit, and the longitudinal moving unit includes a longitudinal chute 12 fixedly arranged on the worktable 1 , a matching slide card set in the longitudinal chute 12 The longitudinal slide rail 13 and the adjusting power push rod 14 arranged between the longitudinal slide rail 13 and the longitudinal chute 12, the longitudinal chute 12 is fixedly arranged on the worktable 1 through multiple sets of U-shaped clamps 15; The described lateral movement unit includes a lateral slide groove 16 fixedly arranged on the longitudinal slide rail 13, a horizontal slide rail 17 which is matched and slidably clamped in the lateral slide groove 16, and a horizontal slide rail 17 arranged between the horizontal slide groove 16 and the lateral slide rail 17. The adjustable power push rod 14, the adjustable power push rod 14 can adopt screw rod, electric push rod or cylinder; The upper arm cylinder 19 and the positioning bolts 20 arranged evenly on the circumference between the bottom plate 18 and the arm cylinder 19, the bottom plate 18 on the outer side of the arm protection cylinder 19 are engraved with an angle scale with a wrap angle of 360° A ruler 21, a cutting through hole 22 is provided in the middle of the base plate 18, and a centering scale 23 is provided on the base plate 18 inside the arm guard cylinder 19.

The sample fixing assembly includes two clamping power push rods 24 correspondingly arranged on the arm guard cylinder 19, and a V-shaped clamp 25 arranged at the inner end of the clamping power push rods 24, wherein the clamping power push rods Electric push rod, cylinder or screw can be used.

The crack width control assembly includes two vertical plates 26 arranged parallel to the lateral slide rails 17 on the outside of the base plate 18, an adjustment chute 27 provided on the top of the vertical plate 26, and two sliding slots 27 set in the two adjustment chute 27. The slider 28, and the fixed rod 29 and the moving rod 30 arranged in parallel between the two sliders, the slider 28 is provided with a gap fine-tuning chute 31, and the moving rod 30 is matched and slid to be set in the gap fine-tuning chute 31 A positioning bolt 20 is arranged between the moving rod 30 and the slider 28 , and between the slider 28 and the adjustment chute 27 , and a micrometer 32 is arranged on the slider 28 .

Embodiment 2: Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, a method for making a crack using the three-dimensional intermittently penetrating crack making device for a cuboid rock sample described in Embodiment 1 includes the following steps:

①Collect real rock samples, cut and polish the rock samples to form cuboid rock samples, determine the position and size of two intermittent prefabricated cracks through physical setting out, and drill holes at both ends of each prefabricated crack, so that A penetrating borehole penetrating the top and bottom surfaces is formed in the rock sample corresponding to both ends of the prefabricated fissure, and the diameter of the borehole is the same as the width of the prefabricated fissure.

② Place the cuboid rock sample between the two V-shaped clamps, adjust the orientation of the rock sample with reference to the centering scale on the bottom plate, and when it is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the arm cylinder, rotate the clamping power to push The rod pushes the V-shaped clamps to move towards each other to clamp the rock sample.

③Turn the arm guard, and adjust the angle of the rock sample with reference to the angle scale on the bottom plate, so that the length direction of the prefabricated crack is consistent with the cutting direction of the saw wire, that is, the prefabricated crack is parallel to the moving rod, and tighten the arm guard The positioning bolts between the arm guard and the bottom plate complete the fixing of the arm guard cylinder and the bottom plate.

④Refer to the micrometer to adjust the moving rod, adjust the distance between the moving rod and the fixed rod to the width of the prefabricated crack, tighten the positioning bolt between the moving rod and the slider, and slide the slider back and forth so that the distance between the moving rod and the fixed rod The upper and lower gaps of the prefabricated crack coincide with each other, and the positioning bolts between the slider and the adjustment chute are tightened.

⑤Fix the three-dimensional mobile assembly on the worktable, and adjust the adjustment power push rods of the longitudinal mobile unit and the lateral mobile unit, so that the saw wire between the drill hole at one end of the prefabricated crack of the rock sample and the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod Correspondingly, the diameter of the saw wire is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm smaller than the width of the prefabricated slit, and the saw wire is passed through the drilled hole, and tightened and fixedly connected between the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod.

⑥Start the driving motor, the driving motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, and the driving arm drives the saw wire in the four-link cutting mechanism to move up and down quickly, and rotates the adjusting power push rod between the horizontal chute and the horizontal slide rail to drive the rock sample horizontally Moving, with the fast up and down movement of the saw wire, the abrasive cutting of the rock below between the fixed rod and the moving rod is completed, and when the saw wire cuts to the drill hole at the other end of the prefabricated crack, the horizontal chute and the horizontal slide rail stop rotating Adjust the power push rod between them, turn off the drive motor, remove the saw wire between the upper swing rod and the lower swing rod, and complete the production of a three-dimensional intermittent through crack.

⑦Repeat steps ③~⑥ to make the next prefabricated crack in the rock sample until the predetermined number of cracks is reached.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description are only the principles of the present invention. Variations and improvements, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device of cuboid rock sample, including frame, be arranged on it is electronic in frame Silk saw componet, three-dimensional moving assembly and sample fixation kit, it is characterised in that：Also include Fracture Width control assembly；

Described frame includes working plate and supporting leg, and described working plate bottom is provided with lower fagging, working plate top Fagging is provided with, described electronic silk saw componet includes being cut by the double leval jib that upper pendulum bar, draft link, connecting rod and saw silk are constituted Mechanism and the motor being arranged on lower fagging, eccentric wheel and actuating arm, upper pendulum bar and draft link are separately positioned on work The both sides up and down of platen, and the middle part of upper pendulum bar and draft link is pivotally connected with upper fagging and working plate respectively, it is corresponding with saw silk It is provided with working plate and wears a through hole；

Described three-dimensional moving assembly includes vertically moving unit, cross travel unit and rotary unit, and described vertically moves Longitudinal chute that unit includes being fixedly installed on working plate, matching slide be fastened on longitudinal slide rail in longitudinal chute and The regulation power push-rod between longitudinal slide rail and longitudinal chute is arranged on, described cross travel unit is vertical including being fixedly installed on The horizontal slide rail being fastened in horizontal concrete chute is slided to the horizontal concrete chute on slide rail, matching and is arranged on horizontal concrete chute and transverse direction Regulation power push-rod between slide rail, described rotary unit includes circular bottom plate, the rotation being fixedly installed in horizontal slide rail Slip is embedded the armlet cylinder on base plate and the bolt being circumferentially uniformly arranged between base plate and armlet cylinder, armlet Carved on base plate on the outside of cylinder provided with the angle graduated scale that cornerite is 360 °, base plate middle part offers cutting through hole, the armlet Centering graduated scale is provided with base plate on the inside of cylinder；

Described sample fixation kit includes two clamping power push-rods being correspondingly arranged on armlet cylinder and is arranged on to clamp to move Push the V-type fixture of bar inner end；

Described Fracture Width control assembly include be set in parallel in the horizontal slide rail of plate outer side two risers, be opened in it is vertical Regulation chute, slip two sliding blocks being fastened in two regulation chutes and the fixation being set in parallel between two sliding blocks at the top of plate Fine setting chute in crack is offered on bar and mobile bar, described sliding block, mobile bar matching slip is opened in crack fine setting chute, It is provided with bolt, described sliding block between mobile bar and sliding block, between sliding block and regulation chute and is provided with thousand points Chi.

2. the three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device of cuboid rock sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The longitudinal chute stated is fixedly installed on working plate by multigroup U-shaped fixture.

3. the three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device of cuboid rock sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The regulation power push-rod stated be screw rod, cylinder or electric pushrod it is any, described clamping power push-rod is screw rod, cylinder or Any of electric pushrod.

4. one kind is split using the claim 1 ~ 3 three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device of any described cuboid rock sample Gap preparation method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

1. true rock specimens are gathered, and cutting polishing is carried out to rock specimens, cuboid rock sample is formed, is put by entity Sample, determines the positions and dimensions of a plurality of interrupted prefabricated crack, and drilled at the two ends of every prefabricated crack so that prefabricated to split The penetrating drilling through top bottom surface, and the width phase of bore diameter and prefabricated crack are formed in the corresponding rock sample in gap two ends Together；

2. cuboid rock sample is placed between two V-type fixtures, with reference to the centering graduated scale on base plate, adjusts rock sample Orientation, when it is symmetricly set on the centre position of armlet cylinder, rotation clamp power push-rod, promote V-type fixture transport in opposite directions It is dynamic, clamp rock sample；

3. armlet cylinder is rotated, with reference to the angle graduated scale on base plate, the angle to rock sample is adjusted so that prefabricated to split The length direction of gap is consistent with saw silk cut direction, i.e., prefabricated crack is parallel with mobile bar, tightens between armlet cylinder and base plate Bolt, armlet cylinder and base plate are completed to fix；

4. mobile bar is adjusted with reference to micrometer, the spacing between mobile bar and fix bar is adjusted to the width of prefabricated crack, twisted Tightly bolt between mobile bar and sliding block, by sliding back and forth sliding block so that gap between mobile bar and fix bar with Prefabricated crack corresponds to overlap up and down, tightens the bolt between sliding block and regulation chute；

5. three-dimensional moving assembly is fixed on working plate, adjustment vertically moves the regulation power of unit and cross travel unit Push rod so that the drilling of the prefabricated crack of rock sample wherein one end is corresponding with the saw silk between upper pendulum bar and draft link, will Silk is sawed through drilling, and is strained and fixed connect setting between upper pendulum bar and draft link；

6. motor is started, motor band movable eccentric wheel is rotated, and the saw silk in double leval jib cutting mechanism is driven by actuating arm Quick motion, rotates the regulation power push-rod between horizontal concrete chute and horizontal slide rail up and down, drives rock sample transverse shifting, with The quick up and down motion of saw silk, the abrasion for completing the rock of the lower section between fix bar and mobile bar is cut, when saw silk cutting To the drill hole of the prefabricated crack other end, the regulation power push-rod stopped operating between horizontal concrete chute and horizontal slide rail is closed and driven Dynamic motor, the saw silk between dismounting upper pendulum bar and draft link, completes the making in the interrupted insertion crack of a three-dimensional；

7. repeat step 3. ~ 6., next prefabricated crack is made in rock sample, until reach predetermined fracture quantity.

5. crack preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The diameter of described saw silk is compared with prefabricated crack Small 0.1mm ~ the 0.2mm of width.