CN106083448A - A kind of biologic organic, inorganic large-particle fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a long-acting bio-organic-inorganic ultra-large particle compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof; the powder is prepared from commercially available organic fertilizer or decomposed livestock manure, Bacillus polymyxa bacteria powder and long-acting slow-release nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. A blended fertilizer; adding a synergist A, an adsorbent B and an energy substance C to the powdered blended fertilizer; and compressing a fertilizer extruder to obtain a large particle bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in an extruded state. The invention is a kind of long-acting compound fertilizer produced by reacting formaldehyde solution with different proportions, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed with commercially available organic fertilizer and Bacillus bacteria powder and extruded into granules, which can improve soil physical and chemical properties. The traits can also achieve slow release of nutrients, protection of microbial activity, and convenient, quantitative and accurate fertilizer application.

Description

A kind of bio-organic-inorganic large particle fertilizer and preparation method thereof

(1) Technical field

The invention relates to a bio-organic-inorganic large-grain fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer inorganic fertilizer capable of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, increasing nutrient utilization, and possessing nutrient slow-release performance, convenient application, and quantitatively accurate Large-grain compound fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer with high efficiency and environmental protection.

(2) Background technology

The application of organic fertilizer is the traditional experience of Chinese agriculture, and it is also the direction of agricultural fertilization in the sustainable development of my country's agriculture in the future. Bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a "three-fertilizer combination" fertilizer, which combines the advantages of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Its functions are as follows: 1. Improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil aggregate structure and air permeability, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention performance, and improve soil continuous water and fertilizer supply capacity. 2. Significantly inhibit crop diseases and enhance plant stress resistance. 3. Improve the quality of imported crops, especially the impact on improving the quality of economic fruits and vegetables is very obvious. 4. Bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and long fertilizer effect, which can promote the increase of crop yield. According to investigations and studies, the application of bio-organic compound fertilizer increases the yield by about 10% compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer. 5. Bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is an environment-friendly fertilizer, which can reduce the waste phenomenon in the application of common chemical fertilizers and reduce the pollution to the agricultural environment, and can be used for mass production of pollution-free agricultural products.

At present, at least more than 100 countries and regions in the world are researching, producing and promoting the use of bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizers. In developed countries, bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers have gradually become the subject of compulsory and subsidized use by the government. According to statistics, biological fertilizers in the United States and other western countries have accounted for nearly 60% of the total fertilizer consumption, and this figure is still rising, and the level of research and production of microbial fertilizers in many moderately developed or developing countries is also increasing rapidly. In my country, the superiority of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers has been increasingly recognized by agricultural workers, and its application amount and production volume are showing a trend of increasing year by year. According to the data released by the Ministry of Agriculture, there are more than 200 production enterprises with product registration certificates in my country, and the annual production of bio-organic fertilizers can reach more than 3 million tons. According to the data from the Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the proportion of China's organic fertilizer use in the total fertilizer input is less than 30%. Imported chemical fertilizers), the total sales of chemical fertilizers are more than 370 billion yuan, and bio-organic fertilizers account for 2% of the total, or 7.4 billion. Due to the many advantages of bio-organic fertilizers being gradually recognized by people, coupled with the inclination of national policies, in recent years my country With the rapid development of the bio-organic fertilizer industry, the output value in 2014 was about 15 billion. In the future, the bio-organic fertilizer market will grow at a higher rate (experts predict about 5% per year), so there is still a lot of room for the development of bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizers.

Most of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers currently produced in my country use local raw materials such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, humic acid, peat, cakes, bone meal, etc., add functional microorganisms, and use fermentation technology to make powder or small particles. There are a series of problems in the production and use of the product: 1. At present, most of the bio-organic-inorganic fertilizer compound fertilizers produced in my country are in the form of powder or small particles, which is inconvenient to apply, especially the powder compound fertilizer, which is easy to cause Flappy waste. 2. In the process of fertilization, the method of spreading, furrow and hole application, especially spreading, due to the large contact area between powdery or small granular fertilizer and soil, the nutrients in the fertilizer are easy to react with the chemical substances in the soil , causing a large part of nitrogen loss, phosphorus fixation and potassium loss. 3. Powdered or small-particle bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers have limited ability to adsorb and protect beneficial microorganisms. After the compound fertilizer is applied to the soil, the beneficial microorganisms in it will be diluted by the soil solution, and will be eroded by a large number of indigenous microorganisms in the soil and lose their activity. , thus losing the physiological effect of biological fertilizers to activate nutrients and enhance plant resistance. 4. The production process is relatively complicated, the energy consumption is high, or the production process is not standardized, the fertilizer efficiency is poor, and the activity of beneficial microorganisms is low. Therefore, the active protection of beneficial microorganisms in the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is improved, the convenience and quantification of the fertilizer application process are enhanced, the slow-release effect of the bio-organic-inorganic fertilizer and the utilization rate of the fertilizer are further improved, and agricultural cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing are achieved. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture and be friendly to the agricultural environment, it is imperative to accelerate the development and promotion of new high-efficiency bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers.

(3) Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a long-acting bio-organic-inorganic super-large particle compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof; the long-acting bio-organic-inorganic super-large particle compound fertilizer prepared by the present invention contains quick-acting nutrients and slow-acting nutrients, and the fertilizer balls The microbial activity can maintain high activity for a long time. This kind of ultra-large particle fertilizer is resistant to storage and transportation, has high compressive strength, and is convenient to apply. It has a great role in promoting precise and quantitative fertilization. In the present invention, the raw materials such as formaldehyde solution, diammonium phosphate, and monoammonium phosphate are combined in the same macromolecule by polymerization reaction, which not only reduces the dissolution rate of fertilizer, but also realizes the slow release of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, which is similar to the reaction principle Compared with the patent (Patent No. CN1844064), the invention uses lower-cost monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate to replace the higher-cost potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can effectively reduce the preparation cost of long-acting slow-release nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers; , adding beneficial microorganisms to the organic fertilizer with high adsorption capacity, mixing and extruding with the long-acting slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer prepared by polymerization reaction, and preparing a multi-functional long-acting fertilizer with nitrogen collection, phosphorus slow-release and high biological activity Bio-bio-organic-inorganic ultra-large particle compound fertilizer. The nutrient content of long-acting bio-bio-organic-inorganic super-large particle compound fertilizer is easy to control, the slow-release effect is good, the cost is low, the transportation is resistant, the biological activity is high, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved. The application is convenient, accurate, quantitative, and labor-saving. For the production of new functional long-acting compound fertilizers.

A long-acting bio-organic-inorganic super-large particle compound fertilizer obtained by the following preparation method:

Using commercially available organic fertilizer or decomposed livestock manure, Bacillus polymyxa powder and long-acting slow-release nitrogen-phosphate fertilizer as raw materials, the powdery blended fertilizer is prepared; synergist A and adsorbent B are added to the powdered blended fertilizer and energy substance C; the large-grain bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in an extruded state is obtained after tableting by a fertilizer extruder.

The preparation method of described powdery blended fertilizer is:

Add Bacillus polymyxa bacteria powder to the commercially available organic fertilizer with a water content of 10%-20% according to the ratio of mass ratio 50:1 to obtain decomposed bacteria powder fertilizer; then add powdered long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and finally After thorough mixing, the powdered blended fertilizer can be obtained.

The preparation method of the long-acting slow-release nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer in the present invention is as follows: take 75-100ml of formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 37%, add 10-20g of urea to dissolve under constant stirring. After the dissolution was complete, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0, and the reaction was continued at room temperature for 2 hours, and the white product was dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 2 hours. Add 10-30mL of deionized water to the dried product and keep stirring, adjust the pH to 8.0, react in a water bath at 60°C for 10-20min, add 10-20g of monoammonium phosphate and 5-10g of diammonium phosphate and keep stirring , continue to react at 80°C for 30-60 minutes, dry the product at 100°C for 3 hours, then lower the temperature to 55°C and continue drying to constant weight to obtain long-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer; long-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer The content is nitrogen 20-22%, phosphorus 8-10%.

The synergist A is alsalite powder, and the addition amount is 0.1-1% of the total weight ratio of the long-acting bio-organic-inorganic super-large particle compound fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as the compound fertilizer); preferably, the synergist A accounts for the total weight of the compound fertilizer. 0.5% by weight.

The adsorbent B is a mixture of fluorspar powder and montmorillonite at a weight ratio of 1:1, and the addition amount is 0.1-1% of the total weight ratio of the compound fertilizer, preferably 0.5% by weight.

The energy substance C is a mixture of amino acids or fulvic acid transformed from feathers, and the amount of the energy substance C added is equal to that of the Bacillus polymyxa powder. The energy substance C can be used as the energy substance in the initial stage of bacterial powder fermentation, and has the physiological activity of stimulating root growth at the same time.

The working parameters of the tablet press are: set temperature 25-100°C, sample injection time 2-10 seconds, extrusion time 1-5 seconds, pressure 60-100T; preferably, the fertilizer tablet press set The temperature is 30°C and the working pressure is 90T.

The bio-organic-inorganic large-particle fertilizer of the present invention is a long-acting compound fertilizer produced by reacting formaldehyde solutions with different ratios, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed with commercially available organic fertilizers, and Bacillus bacteria powder to form granules. It is a fertilizer that can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also realize the slow release of nutrients, protect the activity of microorganisms, and be convenient, quantitative and accurate in application. The specific advantages of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are as follows: 1. Large-grain compressed compound fertilizer (3-8cm in height, 3-5cm in diameter, 50-100g/grain in weight), fixed-point application to fruit trees, which is better than ordinary ring fertilization for fruit trees Compared with the radial fertilization method, fertilization is more concentrated, and deep application near the root system of fruit trees can focus on improving the water, fertilizer, air, and thermal environment of the rhizosphere of fruit trees. Compared with fertilization in the whole orchard, it can significantly save fertilizer and enhance the effect of fertilization. At the same time, the large-grain fertilizer can be combined with a special fertilizer applicator to realize quantitative, mechanized, and precise fertilizer application, making fertilization more convenient and labor-saving. 2. Nutrients in large-grained fertilizers gradually dissolve from the outer layer, and the organic fertilizers in them absorb the dissolved inorganic fertilizers to reduce the loss of available nutrients. Fixation and loss, improve fertilizer use efficiency. 3. Both organic fertilizers and long-acting compound fertilizers produced from inorganic fertilizers can provide energy for beneficial microorganisms in fertilizers, and can also adsorb beneficial microorganisms near the fertilization point. Beneficial microorganisms use organic and inorganic fertilizers as nutrient carriers and colonize in large particles. In the fertilizer, it gradually diffuses from the outer layer of the fertilizer to the inner layer to reduce dilution. At the same time, the long-acting compound fertilizer slowly releases the nutrients needed by plants, which can reduce the salinity coefficient and ensure the activity of beneficial microorganisms after they are applied to the soil. 4. The production process of this large-grain compound fertilizer is simple. Compared with ordinary fertilizers, it does not need to go through complicated processes such as drying and cooling. It only needs to mix and extrude the raw materials, and there is no dust and toxic and harmful gases in the production process. The emission is low, the production cost is low, it will not pollute the environment, and there is no obvious temperature change during the manufacturing process, which effectively protects the activity of beneficial microorganisms.

Notable effect of the present invention is:

1. Combining functional beneficial microbial fertilizers with organic and inorganic fertilizers embodies the characteristics of whole element fertilizers, exerts the joint effect of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, and overcomes the shortcomings of using single fertilizers.

2. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is made into super-large particle fertilizer in the extrusion state, and the portable large-ball fertilizer applicator can be used to simply and quickly apply the fertilizer ball near the root system of the fruit tree. The application is convenient, labor-saving and time-saving, and more It is suitable for mechanized, precise and quantitative fertilization requirements.

3. High nutrient utilization rate. The combination of biological, organic and long-acting inorganic fertilizers has the function of slow-release of nutrients. After extrusion and concentration, it has double slow-release functions, which can further improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce waste of fertilizers. Reduce environmental pollution, the development prospect is very broad.

4. The large particle long-acting compound fertilizer has a small contact area with the soil, and the salinity coefficient is low, and the nutrients in the compound fertilizer provide energy for beneficial microorganisms. Microorganisms use large particle compound fertilizer as a nutrient carrier, which can reduce erosion by indigenous microorganisms and improve The colonization ability in the soil ensures the activity of beneficial microorganisms after they are applied to the soil.

5. The processing technology is simple: Compared with the traditional bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, this process does not undergo fermentation, which can shorten the production time, and the temperature set in the processing is low, so the energy consumption is low, the efficiency is high, and the production cost is low.

6. The particle size of the fertilizer is large and uniform, the extrusion degree is suitable, it can withstand long-distance transportation, and it has high stability in storage.

(4) Description of drawings

Fig. 1: process flow chart of preparation method of the present invention

In the figure 1, first, the air-dried organic waste is pulverized and dried with a pulverizer; 2, the compound fertilizer produced by the reaction of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and formaldehyde solution is added; 3, microbial bacterial agents are added; 4, the aforementioned materials are mixed evenly to obtain certain nutrients Proportion of powdery blended fertilizer; 5. Add the synergist daxenite powder A; 6. Add the adsorbent fluorspar powder and montmorillonite mixture B; 7. Add the energy substance C; 8. Mix all the materials evenly; 9. Use a tablet press to adjust Adjust the temperature and pressure, as well as the injection time and extrusion time, and carry out extrusion granulation; 10 product packaging and storage.

(5) Specific implementation methods

As long as Bacillus polymyxa has the function of promoting plant root growth, it can be applied to the present invention, and can be obtained from existing strains; the Bacillus polymyxa used in this embodiment is the patent application number "201210468467.X", and the name of the invention is Bacillus subtilis Y-1 (Bacillus subtilis Y-1) involved in "Preparation and application of a strain of Bacillus subtilis and its bacterial agent", which has been preserved in the General Microbiology Center of China Committee for the Collection of Microbial Cultures, The preservation number is CGMCCNo.6539, which belongs to known strains. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, all are commercially available products.

The long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer used in the present embodiment is prepared by the following method:

Add 75-100ml of formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 37% (V/V) into the reactor, and add 10-20g of urea to dissolve under constant stirring. After the dissolution was complete, adjust the pH to 8.0, continue the reaction at room temperature for 2 hours, and dry the white product in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 2 hours. Transfer all the dried products to another reactor, add 10-30mL of deionized water and keep stirring, adjust the pH to 8.0, place the reactor in a water bath at 60°C for 10-20min, then add 10-20g of monoammonium phosphate Mix with 5-10g of diammonium phosphate and keep stirring, continue to react at 80°C for 30-60min, transfer all the products to a glass dish and dry at 100°C for 3h, then lower the temperature to 55°C and continue to dry to constant weight to obtain a long-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the content of the long-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 20-22% of nitrogen and 8-10% of phosphorus.

Implementation 1:

Put 25Kg of commercially available organic fertilizer (water content 10-20%), 23.5Kg of long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer and 0.5Kg of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria powder into a ball mill to stir and mix to obtain powdery blended fertilizer. Then add 0.25Kg of quartz sand, 0.25Kg of a mixture of commercially available fluorspar powder and montmorillonite according to a weight ratio of 1:1, and 0.5Kg of commercially available amino acid in the above-mentioned powdery blended fertilizer, fully mix the above materials and stir quickly, The evenly stirred mixture is put into the tablet press, and the coefficient of the tablet press is adjusted: the pressure is 80T, the temperature is 30°C, the injection time is 2 seconds, and the extrusion time is 3.5 seconds, and the super-large particles in the extrusion state can be generated. Humic acid fertilizer granules (3-8cm in height, 3-5cm in diameter, 50-100g/grain in weight). The fertilizer produced by the above process is stored in a sealed bag under normal temperature and dry conditions. It has a long storage time and stable properties. It can be drilled at a position 1 meter away from the trunk with a depth of 15 cm by means of a fertilizer applicator. 10 holes, apply the super-large particle fertilizer ball into the hole, and cover the soil. Only need to apply fertilizer twice a year, the fertilizer nutrient utilization rate can be increased by more than 20% compared with conventional fertilizers, and the fruit tree output can be increased by more than 10%.

Implementation 2:

Put 28Kg of commercially available organic fertilizer (water content 10-20%), 20Kg of long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer and 0.5Kg of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria powder into a ball mill to stir and mix to obtain powdery blended fertilizer. Add 0.5Kg of quartz sand, 0.5Kg of a mixture of commercially available fluorspar powder and montmorillonite according to a weight ratio of 1:1, and 0.5Kg of commercially available amino acid to the powdery blended fertilizer, fully mix the above materials and stir quickly, and stir Put the uniform mixture into the tablet press, and adjust the coefficient of the tablet press: pressure 70T, temperature 25°C, injection time 2 seconds, extrusion time 3.5 seconds, and the extrusion state can be generated within 1 minute. Super large particle humic acid fertilizer (particle height 3-8cm, diameter 3-5cm, weight 50-100g/grain). The fertilizer produced by the above process is stored in a sealed bag under normal temperature and dry conditions. It has a long storage time and stable properties. It can be drilled at a position 1 meter away from the trunk with a depth of 15 cm by means of a fertilizer applicator. 10 holes, apply the super-large particle fertilizer ball into the hole, and cover the soil. Only need to apply fertilizer twice a year, the fertilizer nutrient utilization rate can be increased by more than 20% compared with conventional fertilizers, and the fruit tree output can be increased by more than 10%. Implementation 3:

Put 20Kg of commercially available organic fertilizer, 28.9Kg of long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer and 0.5Kg of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria powder into a ball mill to stir and mix to obtain powdery blended fertilizer. Add 0.05Kg of quartz sand, 0.05Kg of a mixture of commercially available fluorspar powder and montmorillonite according to a weight ratio of 1:1, and 0.5Kg of commercially available amino acid to the powdery blended fertilizer, fully mix the above materials and stir quickly, and stir Put the uniform mixture into the tablet press, and adjust the coefficient of the tablet press: pressure 90T, temperature 35°C, injection time 2 seconds, extrusion time 3.5 seconds, and the extrusion state can be generated within 1 minute. Super large particle humic acid fertilizer (particle height 3-8cm, diameter 3-5cm, weight 50-100g/grain). The fertilizer produced by the above process is stored in a sealed bag under normal temperature and dry conditions. It has a long storage time and stable properties. It can be drilled at a position 1 meter away from the trunk with a depth of 15 cm by means of a fertilizer applicator. 10 holes, apply the super-large particle fertilizer ball into the hole, and cover the soil. Only need to apply fertilizer twice a year, the fertilizer nutrient utilization rate can be increased by more than 20% compared with conventional fertilizers, and the fruit tree output can be increased by more than 10%.

Claims (7)

1. a long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that its preparation method is as follows:

With commercially available fertilizer or livestock manure of becoming thoroughly decomposed, bacillus polymyxa mycopowder and long-acting slow-release nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer as raw material, it is prepared into To powdery Bulk Blending Fertilizer；Synergist A, adsorbent B and energy substance C is added in powdery Bulk Blending Fertilizer；After fertilizer extruder tabletting Prepare the bulky grain biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer under squeezed state；

Described synergist A is miscellaneous aluminum stone powder, and addition is that i.e. compound fertilizer of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer is total The 0.1-1% of weight ratio；

Described adsorbent B is fluorspar powder and montmorillonite is the mixture of 1:1 according to weight ratio, and addition is compound fertilizer's gross weight The 0.1-1% of ratio；

Described energy substance C is the aminoacid or the mixture of fulvic acid converted with feather, and energy substance C addition is with described The addition of bacillus polymyxa mycopowder is equal；Energy substance C, as the energy substance at mycopowder fermentation initial stage, has stimulation simultaneously The physiologically active of root growth.

2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described powdery The preparation method of Bulk Blending Fertilizer is:

In the organic commercial fertilizer of water content 10%-20%, add bacillus polymyxa mycopowder according to the ratio of mass ratio 50:1 obtain Fertile to the mycopowder become thoroughly decomposed；Add the long-acting compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer of powder again, obtain after mixing.

3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described long-acting The preparation method of slow-release nitrogen phosphate fertilizer is as follows:

Take formalin 75-100ml that concentration is 37%, dissolve being stirred continuously lower addition 10-20g carbamide；After dissolving completely, Regulation lysate PH to 8.0, continues to react under room temperature 2h, and white product is dried 2h in 40 DEG C of vacuum tanks；Product after the drying Thing adds 10-30mL deionized water be stirred continuously, regulate PH to 8.0, in the water-bath of 60 DEG C, react 10-20min, add 10-20g MAP and the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of 5-10g are also stirred continuously, and continue reaction 30-60min at 80 DEG C, by product in At 100 DEG C dry 3h, then temperature be down to 55 DEG C continue dry to constant weight, obtain long-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Long-acting N P and K Compound fertilizer's content is nitrogen 20-22%, phosphorus element 8-10%.

4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described tabletting Machine running parameter is: design temperature 25-100 DEG C, sample injection time 2-10 second, extrusion time 1-5 second, pressure 60-100T.

5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described potentiation Agent A addition is the 0.5% of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer gross weight ratio.

6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described absorption Agent B addition is the 0.5% of compound fertilizer's gross weight ratio.

7. as claimed in claim 4 a kind of long-acting biological organic-inorganic large granule compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that described fertilizer Tablet machine design temperature is 30 DEG C, and operating pressure is 90T.