CN106016273A - Plasma reaction system for treating hazardous wastes and working method of plasma reaction system - Google Patents
Plasma reaction system for treating hazardous wastes and working method of plasma reaction system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106016273A CN106016273A CN201610344493.XA CN201610344493A CN106016273A CN 106016273 A CN106016273 A CN 106016273A CN 201610344493 A CN201610344493 A CN 201610344493A CN 106016273 A CN106016273 A CN 106016273A
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- Prior art keywords
- hazardous waste
- reaction system
- vaporizer
- plasma
- plasma reaction
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a plasma reaction system for treating hazardous wastes and a working method of the plasma reaction system. The plasma reaction system comprises a gasifying chamber, a gas inlet is formed in the bottom of the gasifying chamber, and a plasma fire cabinet is arranged above the gas inlet in the gasifying chamber; a pyrolysis chamber is arranged above the gasifying chamber, a four-axis crusher is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber, and the side of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a gas outlet communicating with a gas inlet of a purifying chamber. According to the plasma reaction system for treating the hazardous wastes, full-automatic control over the reaction process is achieved, the cost for treating the hazardous wastes is greatly reduced, the time for treating the hazardous wastes is greatly shortened, and harmlessness, reduction and recycling are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste and method of work thereof.
Background technology
" according to hazardous waste disposal engineering fire protection technology " defines current dangerous waste disposal method to be had: security landfill, incineration disposal and non-incineration disposal;These medical waste treatment facility and dangerous waste disposal centers of planning construction, disposing technique all based on burn, non-incineration disposal and fill comprehensive utilization be auxiliary, medical wastes incineration is to be pyrolyzed with Rotation error as recommending the type of furnace, and dangerous waste incinerator is the most all proposed with Rotation error.
Therefore, incineration technology becomes the main disposing technique of domestic disposal hazardous waste (containing clinical waste) over 10 years.But the problem of waste incineration maximum is exactly dioxin contamination problem, and in recent years, this problem is the most increasingly paid close attention to by the public and each side.Incinerator exist secondary pollution problem, two English/furans discharge beyond standards problem to be public's tender subject, public's resistance seeks the most greatly a kind of non-secondary pollution and without the new hazardous waste treatment technology-arc-plasma hazardous waste treatment technology of two English/furan emissions.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide one and take up room little, the good in economic efficiency plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste and method of work thereof.
The present invention uses below scheme to realize: a kind of plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, including vaporizer, is provided with air inlet bottom vaporizer, is positioned at air inlet and is provided above plasma fire cabinet in vaporizer;Being positioned at vaporizer and be provided above pyrolysis chamber, be positioned at pyrolysis chamber and be provided above four axle disintegrating machines, pyrolysis chamber's side has the gas outlet being connected with clean room's air inlet.
Further, between described pyrolysis chamber and four axle disintegrating machines, it is provided with the first opposite opened valve plate, between described pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer, is provided with the second opposite opened valve plate, described second opposite opened valve plate offers connection pyrolysis chamber and the air-vent of vaporizer.
Further, bottom vaporizer, it is provided with slag notch, bottom clean room, is provided with reactant outlet.
Further, it is provided with connection air inlet and the serpentine channel of gas outlet in described clean room, is positioned at air inlet in serpentine channel and goes out to be provided with plasma fire cabinet;Gas outlet, described clean room connects exhaustor, and described exhaustor is disposed with chilling tower, extracting tower, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower, air-introduced machine and chimney along discharge directions.
Further, it is connected to exhaust branch pipe by pipeline section between clean room and chilling tower on described exhaustor, described exhaust branch pipe outlet side is connected with high pressure positive blower air inlet, and high pressure positive blower air outlet is connected with plenum chamber, and described plenum chamber is connected through the air inlet of air inlet pipe with described vaporizer.
Further, described exhaust branch pipe inlet end is provided with filter, and the also other air that is connected in exhaust branch pipe outlet side supplements pipe, and described air supplements and is provided with regulation valve on pipe.
The method of work of a kind of plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, including the plasma reaction system of a kind of process hazardous waste as above, and sequentially includes the following steps: (1) by hazardous waste through four axle crusher in crushing to 30mm ~ 60mm;(2) controlling the first opposite opened valve plate to open, broken rear hazardous waste enters pyrolysis chamber, reaches to close the first opposite opened valve plate during predetermined volumes;(3) high-temperature gas utilizing plasma gasification room enters, by the air-vent of the second opposite opened valve plate, the preliminary pyrolysis that broken rear hazardous waste is carried out 2~3 minutes by pyrolysis chamber;(4) opening the second opposite opened valve plate seat, make the hazardous waste through preliminary pyrolysis enter vaporizer, the high-temperature gas utilizing plasma fire cabinet to produce more than 3000 DEG C makes Organic substance gasification in hazardous waste, and inorganic matter changes into harmless waste residue;(4) when the process gas that vaporizer produces enters clean room, under plasma bombardment, macromolecule or macromolecular substances total overall reaction change into simple substance composition or gas;(5) gas that reaction produces is purifying indoor purifying, and discharges after chilling tower, extracting tower, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower process.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
(1) hot plasma has higher temperature and energy density, its thermal conversion efficiency is higher by about 50% than burning process, the maximum heat flux of one oxygen-fuel flame is about 0.3 kW/cm2, and the heat flux of a direct current transferred arc can reach about 16.0 kW/cm2.
(2) gas volume required for maintenance plasma arcs is few more a lot of than the incinerator by fuel combustion, for processing to the material of determined number, gas volume needed for plasma system is only about the 10% of fuel incinerator desired gas, this also means that the exhaust treatment system for plasma system can simplify greatly.
(3) the energy supply of this system can independently control with the concentration of oxygen in system, i.e. oxidisability, reproducibility and inert gas environment is independently of the temperature of reactor, and this makes have high flux of energy under high reproducibility or inert gas environment and is possibly realized.
(4) can abolish poisonous and harmful refuse completely, volume and the size of device are much smaller, can be to the full automatic control of course of reaction, and required expense and time are the most less.
(5) being truly realized innoxious, minimizing and resource, gasification completes under anaerobic condition, it is not necessary to oxygen participates in, and operates relatively easy, and unharmful substance and harmful gas produce.
For making the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below by specific embodiment and relevant drawings, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention organigram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention local structure schematic diagram;
Label declaration in figure: 1-vaporizer, 2-air inlet, 3-plasma fire cabinet, 4-pyrolysis chamber, 5-tetra-axle disintegrating machine, 6-clean room, 7-gas outlet, 8-the first opposite opened valve plate, 9-the second opposite opened valve plate, 10-air-vent, 11-slag notch, 12-reactant exports, 13-serpentine channel, 14-exhaustor, 15-chilling tower, 16-extracting tower, 17-active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower, 18-air-introduced machine, 19-chimney, 20-exhaust branch pipe, 21-high pressure positive blower, 22-plenum chamber, 23-air inlet pipe, 24-filter, 25-air supplements pipe, 26-regulates valve.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, a kind of plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, including vaporizer 1, bottom vaporizer 1, it is provided with air inlet 2, is positioned at air inlet 2 in vaporizer 1 and is provided above plasma fire cabinet 3;It is positioned at vaporizer 1 and is provided above pyrolysis chamber 4, it is positioned at pyrolysis chamber 4 and is provided above four axle disintegrating machines 5, pyrolysis chamber 4 side has the gas outlet 7 being connected with clean room 6 air inlet, four axle disintegrating machines 5 be provided above hopper, the broken thing of four axle disintegrating machines 5 falls directly in pyrolysis chamber 4, fall in vaporizer 1 after being pyrolyzed by pyrolysis chamber 4, utilize the interior high-temperature gas producing a kind of highly ionized up to 5000 DEG C of vaporizer in gas ions fire cabinet 3, make the Organic substance in the refuse after crushing can become synthesis gas (predominantly CO and H2) by Efficient Conversion, inorganic matter then becomes harmless lime-ash, refuse completes the time of conversion at 0.01~0.50 s through plasma chemical reaction, it is swift in response;Be in top in vaporizer is gas, and middle part is melten glass body, and bottom is metal simple-substance/siliceous class slag.
In the present embodiment, it is provided with the first opposite opened valve plate 8 between described pyrolysis chamber 4 and four axle disintegrating machines 5, the second opposite opened valve plate 9 it is provided with between described pyrolysis chamber 4 and vaporizer, connection pyrolysis chamber 4 and the air-vent 10 of vaporizer 1 is offered on described second opposite opened valve plate 9, first opposite opened valve plate 8 and the second opposite opened valve plate 9 are driven folding by electric pushrod, broken rear hazardous solid waste is heated in entering pyrolysis chamber by the air-vent 10 on the second opposite opened valve plate 9 by the high-temperature gas of vaporizer, makes moisture evaporation, the volatilization of low melting point composition.
In the present embodiment, bottom vaporizer 1, it is provided with slag notch 11, bottom clean room 6, is provided with reactant outlet 12.
In the present embodiment, it is provided with connection air inlet and the serpentine channel 13 of gas outlet in described clean room 6, is positioned at air inlet in serpentine channel 13 and goes out to be provided with plasma fire cabinet;Gas outlet, described clean room 6 connects exhaustor 14, it is disposed with chilling tower 15, extracting tower 16, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower 17, air-introduced machine 18 and chimney 19 along discharge directions on described exhaustor 14, the process gas discharged is processed, when process gas enters clean room, under plasma bombardment, the chemical bond rupture of macromolecule or macromolecular substances is completely converted into the materials such as simple substance composition, oxygen, it is possible to abolish poisonous and harmful refuse completely;The gas produced then discharges after purifying indoor purifying and after a series of process.
In the present embodiment, it is connected to exhaust branch pipe 20 by pipeline section between clean room 6 and chilling tower 15 on described exhaustor 14, described exhaust branch pipe 20 outlet side is connected with high pressure positive blower 21 air inlet, high pressure positive blower 21 air outlet is connected with plenum chamber 22, and described plenum chamber 22 is connected with the air inlet 2 of described vaporizer through air inlet pipe 23.
In the present embodiment, described exhaust branch pipe 20 inlet end is provided with filter 24, also side, exhaust branch pipe outlet side is connected to air and supplements pipe 25, described air supplements and is provided with regulation valve 26 on pipe, exhaust branch pipe 20 recovery section flue gas also injects after mixing with air in vaporizer, the working gas needed for heating is provided for vaporizer, in the environment of selecting different types of working gas that plasma system can be made to be operated in oxidation, reduction or inertia, different working environments has different functions, as oxidative environment is commonly used to abolish organic hazardous waste;Reproducibility environment is usually used to extract metal, the solidification refuse such as flying dust etc. containing toxic heavy metal.
A kind of method of work of the plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, including the plasma reaction system of a kind of process hazardous waste as above, and sequentially include the following steps: (1) by hazardous waste (HW02, HW03, HW04, HW11, HW14~HW36 etc.) through four axle crusher in crushing to 30mm ~ 60mm;(2) controlling the first opposite opened valve plate to open, broken rear hazardous waste enters pyrolysis chamber, reaches to close the first opposite opened valve plate during predetermined volumes;(3) high-temperature gas utilizing plasma gasification room enters, by the air-vent of the second opposite opened valve plate, the preliminary pyrolysis that broken rear hazardous waste is carried out 2~3 minutes by pyrolysis chamber, makes moisture evaporation, the volatilization of low melting point composition;(4) the second opposite opened valve plate seat is opened, the hazardous waste through preliminary pyrolysis is made to enter vaporizer, the high-temperature gas utilizing plasma fire cabinet to produce more than 3000 DEG C makes Organic substance gasification in hazardous waste, and inorganic matter changes into harmless waste residue (vitreous body and melted metal simple-substance/siliceous class slag);(4) when the process gas that vaporizer produces enters clean room, under plasma bombardment, macromolecule or macromolecular substances total overall reaction change into simple substance composition or gas;The poisonous and harmful refuse in process gas can be abolished completely;(5) gas that reaction produces is purifying indoor purifying, and discharges after chilling tower, extracting tower, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower process.
Above-listed preferred embodiment; the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention; all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, it is characterised in that: include vaporizer, bottom vaporizer, be provided with air inlet, be positioned at air inlet in vaporizer and be provided above plasma fire cabinet;Being positioned at vaporizer and be provided above pyrolysis chamber, be positioned at pyrolysis chamber and be provided above four axle disintegrating machines, pyrolysis chamber's side has the gas outlet being connected with clean room's air inlet.
The plasma reaction system of process hazardous waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described pyrolysis chamber and four axle disintegrating machines, be provided with the first opposite opened valve plate, it is provided with the second opposite opened valve plate between described pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer, described second opposite opened valve plate offers connection pyrolysis chamber and the air-vent of vaporizer.
The plasma reaction system of process hazardous waste the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: it is provided with slag notch bottom vaporizer, bottom clean room, is provided with reactant outlet.
The plasma reaction system of process hazardous waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it is provided with connection air inlet and the serpentine channel of gas outlet in described clean room, is positioned at air inlet in serpentine channel and goes out to be provided with plasma fire cabinet;Gas outlet, described clean room connects exhaustor, and described exhaustor is disposed with chilling tower, extracting tower, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower, air-introduced machine and chimney along discharge directions.
The plasma reaction system of process hazardous waste the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: on described exhaustor, by pipeline section between clean room and chilling tower, be connected to exhaust branch pipe, described exhaust branch pipe outlet side is connected with high pressure positive blower air inlet, high pressure positive blower air outlet is connected with plenum chamber, and described plenum chamber is connected through the air inlet of air inlet pipe with described vaporizer.
The plasma reaction system of process hazardous waste the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described exhaust branch pipe inlet end is provided with filter, and the also other air that is connected in exhaust branch pipe outlet side supplements pipe, and described air supplements and is provided with regulation valve on pipe.
7. the method for work of the plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste, it is characterized in that: include any one plasma reaction system processing hazardous waste as described in claim 1 ~ 6, and sequentially include the following steps: (1) by hazardous waste through four axle crusher in crushing to 30mm ~ 60mm;(2) controlling the first opposite opened valve plate to open, broken rear hazardous waste enters pyrolysis chamber, reaches to close the first opposite opened valve plate during predetermined volumes;(3) high-temperature gas utilizing plasma gasification room enters, by the air-vent of the second opposite opened valve plate, the preliminary pyrolysis that broken rear hazardous waste is carried out 2~3 minutes by pyrolysis chamber;(4) opening the second opposite opened valve plate seat, make the hazardous waste through preliminary pyrolysis enter vaporizer, the high-temperature gas utilizing plasma fire cabinet to produce more than 3000 DEG C makes Organic substance gasification in hazardous waste, and inorganic matter changes into harmless waste residue;(4) when the process gas that vaporizer produces enters clean room, under plasma bombardment, macromolecule or macromolecular substances total overall reaction change into simple substance composition or gas;(5) gas that reaction produces is purifying indoor purifying, and discharges after chilling tower, extracting tower, active coke desulphurizing adsorption tower process.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109401786A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 山西普皓环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plasma device handling clinical waste |
CN109827180A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 上海宝达环境科技有限公司 | A double grate structure of a waste cracking furnace |
CN110328214A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-15 | 中山大学 | A kind of naval vessel solid waste multiple plasma processing method and system |
CN112980477A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 中科云越(北京)科技发展有限公司 | Biomass continuous high-efficiency thermal cracking gasification device of distributed thermal plasma torch |
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CN104976622A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-14 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Household garbage classified gasification system with rotary kiln gasification and plasma fusion capability |
CN205782959U (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-07 | 欧尔东(朝阳)环保设备有限公司 | A kind of plasma reaction system for processing hazardous waste |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109401786A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 山西普皓环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plasma device handling clinical waste |
CN109827180A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 上海宝达环境科技有限公司 | A double grate structure of a waste cracking furnace |
CN110328214A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-15 | 中山大学 | A kind of naval vessel solid waste multiple plasma processing method and system |
CN110328214B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-03-08 | 中山大学 | Multistage plasma treatment method and system for ship solid waste |
CN112980477A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 中科云越(北京)科技发展有限公司 | Biomass continuous high-efficiency thermal cracking gasification device of distributed thermal plasma torch |
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