CN106000304A - 一种用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂 - Google Patents
一种用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106000304A CN106000304A CN201610392265.XA CN201610392265A CN106000304A CN 106000304 A CN106000304 A CN 106000304A CN 201610392265 A CN201610392265 A CN 201610392265A CN 106000304 A CN106000304 A CN 106000304A
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- zeolite
- potassium permanganate
- air purifying
- purifying agent
- composite air
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- 239000012629 purifying agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂，首先将天然沸石于400～800℃下高温煅烧活化2‑8小时，得到改性沸石；将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，室温下在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；将20‑30目的活性炭与所述负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到复合空气净化剂。本发明空气净化剂能有效去除室内99.9％的烟味与微粒，提高空气净化器的净化效果，改善室内环境，避免二手烟的危害，给家人提供一个健康舒适的环境。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种空气净化剂，具体地说是一种用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂。
二、背景技术
随着经济的发展，中国乃至世界范围内空气污染越来越成为人类共同关注的问题。工业化的进程使得空气中污染物的种类和数量不断增加，其来源主要有工业生产、生活炉灶与采暖锅炉、工业运输和森林火灾产生、汽车尾气等。室内环境同样受大气环境质量的影响，除此之外，室内环境的污染源更多、更复杂，如建筑材料、家具、装饰用品和装潢摆设、日常生活和办公用品、吸烟、燃料燃烧和厨房空气等。室内空气污染已成为危害人类健康的“隐形杀手”，也成为全世界各国共同关注的问题。其中，二手烟的污染问题十分严重，中国尤为突出，一手烟民约3.5亿，加上二手烟民共达8亿，香烟污染已越来越受到社会的关注。据相关统计，室内没有燃料取暖的情况下，室内90％PM2.5是来自于烟草烟雾。二手烟是室内PM2.5的主要来源，可使非吸烟者的肺癌风险大大提升。沈阳市健康教育中心做了一个实验：在120平方米的吸烟室，6人吸烟，30分钟内该吸烟室PM2.5的平均浓度为737.62微克每立方米，飙升67倍，接近国家空气环境质量二级标准的10倍，远远超出人体健康的安全数值。这个实验证明，如果有人在室内吸烟，即使使用通风、空气过滤等装置，或者室内设置任何形式的吸烟区，都无法达到全面无烟的要求，二手烟不存在所谓的“安全暴露”水平。不仅如此，吸烟是导致肺癌的首要危险因素，烟草燃烧过程中可释放出70多种致癌物质，其中多环芳烃类化合物、砷、苯及亚硝胺等，与肺癌的发生关系密切，吸烟者的肺癌死亡率是不吸烟者的8-20倍。而一个不吸烟的人，每天吸入二手烟的时间超过15分钟，其患肺癌的几率与抽烟者也是一样的。
随着人们对生活环境和室内空气质量要求的提高，空气净化器，作为一种净化室内空气的仪器设备，越来越受到人们的青睐。目前市场上空气净化器的种类较多，按照去污功能可分为物理型、化学型和离子化型。物理型是通过过滤除去悬浮颗粒物；化学型则是利用中和、催化和分解作用除去有害气体；离子化型是采用电量放电、等离子体和紫外线除臭，杀灭细菌。市场上比较常见的空气净化器有臭氧净化器，光催化净化器，多功能空气净化器和负离子空气净化器。尽管目前空气净化器种类较多，应用广泛，发展迅速，但是由于室内空气成份复杂使得空气污染程度和净化难度加大，这种综合型的空气净化器并不能对二手烟的处理和净化起到实质性的效果，传统的空气净化技术也很难将其全部净化干净。因此，研发出一种能净化香烟的专用空气净化器，对拒绝二手烟，减少癌症的发病率，保证人们日常健康美好的生活具有着重要意义。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于净化空气，特别是净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂，不但能够有效杀灭空气中浮游的细菌，分解空气中常规存在的甲醛、苯、二甲苯等有害气体，还可以除去分解香烟燃烧过程中产生的尼古丁、烟尘、焦油、乙酸、乙醛、氨和一氧化碳等有害物质，兼具除去臭味、异味、烟味等，达到净化空气的作用。本发明空气净化剂能有效去除室内99.9％的烟味与微粒，提高空气净化器的净化效果，改善室内环境，避免二手烟的危害，给人类活动，特别是在密闭空间中的活动提供一个健康舒适的环境。
本发明用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂，是通过如下步骤制备得到的：
1、取粒径3-5mm的天然沸石，于400～800℃下高温煅烧活化2-8小时(优选为500-600℃，活化处理3-5小时)，得到改性沸石；
2、将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，室温下在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，部分高锰酸钾负载到沸石的表面和内部，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；
改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为2-10:1，优选为6-8:1；
3、将20-30目的活性炭与所述负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到复合空气净化剂。将本发明复合空气净化剂组装到空气净化器的过滤段中即可。
本发明复合空气净化剂能够高效分解香烟燃烧后产生的典型污染物(如尼古丁、乙酸、甲醛、乙醛和氨等)。将本发明复合空气净化剂应用于空气净化器中的过滤段以实现净化香烟烟雾等的效果。
本发明复合空气净化剂中有效组分活性炭能够高效的吸附有机污染物，特别是极性较小的有机分子，如芳烃化合物、苯醚、硝基氯苯类、萘、乙烯、二甲苯酚、甲苯、氯苯和苯酚等以及挥发性有机化合物，还能对甲醛、硫化氢和卤代脂肪烃等具有很好的净化效果。活性炭的吸附原理可分为物理吸附和化学吸附。物理吸附主要发生在活性炭去除液相和气相中杂质的过程中，活性炭的多孔结构提供了大量的表面积，从而使其非常容易达到吸收收集杂质的目的。活性炭孔壁上大量的分子由于分子间的相互作用可以产生强大的引力，从而达到将介质中的杂质吸引到孔径中的目的。然而，这些通过物理作用被吸附的杂质的分子直径必须要小于活性炭的孔径，这样才能保证杂质被吸收到孔径中，所以需要通过不断地改变原材料和活化条件来创造具有不同的孔径结构的活性炭，从而适用于各种杂质吸收的应用。除了物理吸附之外，化学反应也经常发生在活性炭的表面。活性炭不仅含碳，而且在其表面含有少量的化学结合、功能团形式的氧和氢，例如羧基、羟基、酚类、内脂类、醌类、醚类等。这些表面上含有的氧化物或络合物可以与被吸附的物质发生化学反应，从而与被吸附物质结合聚集到活性炭的表面。活性炭的吸附正是上述两种吸附综合作用的结果。
此外，由于香烟燃烧产生的烟气中含有大量的具有强还原性的物质，如氨气、N-亚硝胺、醇醛、烟草生物碱、芳香族胺、链烯、酚、丙烯醛等等，因此采用具有强氧化性的高锰酸钾，能够有效分解上述含氮化合物。不仅如此，高锰酸钾与这些具有还原性的污染物质发生反应生成了不溶于水的中间产物二氧化猛，二氧化锰也具有一定的氧化和吸附能力，其BET值为300m2/g左右。当PH<9.5时，Mn4+的氧化速率相对较慢，主要通过吸附到二氧化锰表面后沉淀或过滤除去，二氧化锰也作为新生凝核促使悬浮颗粒物或胶体发生凝聚后沉降。此外，二氧化猛既自身吸附有机物，又通过助凝作用除去有机物，故而也能够有效地净化空气中有机污染物质的含量。
组分中的沸石除了充当载体，也是一种良好的吸附剂。沸石同活性炭一样，常被作为吸附材料来使用。但与活性炭不同，沸石表面存在的羟基等极性基团，对污染空气或烟气中的极性分子有害物质如甲醛、氨气和有机胺等有良好的吸附作用，可有效除去烟气中的异味。虽然沸石的吸附性能远不及活性炭，但是由于其吸附特性不同，且成本远低于活性炭，比重比活性炭重，风阻比活性炭小，固定性能好，因此，在空气净化器过滤段中添加一定比例的沸石，既可以大幅度降低成本，又可以增加滤网重量，减轻风阻，减轻过滤系统对风力系统的要求，还能够提高空气净化器的净化效果。
与传统的空气净化器过滤段所使用的单一活性炭等吸附型空气净化剂相比，本发明应用的复合净化剂，不但对由烟气等复杂组分污染空气具有良好的净化效果，具有更优良的气体动力学性能，体积密度小、表面积大、吸附效率高、风阻系数小。为了达到低成本高效用的目的，空气净化剂里有效组分比例的控制是至关重要的。为此，本发明尝试了多种不同比例有效组分设计的配方，并对配方的实用效果和净化功能进行了分析检测。
本发明空气净化剂可以有效的杀灭空气中浮游的细菌，分解空气中的甲醛、苯、二甲苯等有害气体，还可以除去分解香烟燃烧过程中产生的尼古丁、烟尘、焦油、乙酸、乙醛、氨和一氧化碳等有害物质，兼具除去臭味、异味、烟味等，达到净化空气的作用。
本发明空气净化剂能有效去除室内99.9％的烟味与微粒，提高空气净化器的净化效果，改善室内环境，避免二手烟的危害，给家人提供一个健康舒适的环境。
四、具体实施方案
实施例1：
本发明空气净化剂各组分按质量百分比构成为：沸石62.5％，活性炭25％，高锰酸钾12.5％。
1、取粒径3-5mm的天然沸石1000g，于500℃下高温煅烧活化3小时，得到改性沸石；
2、将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，室温下在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，部分高锰酸钾负载到沸石的表面和内部，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为5:1。
3、将20-30目的活性炭按照比例量与步骤2制备得到的负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到空气净化剂。将本发明空气净化剂组装到空气净化器的过滤段中即可。
实施例2：
本发明空气净化剂各组分按质量百分比构成为：沸石63.2％，活性炭26.3％，高锰酸钾10.5％。
1、取粒径3-5mm的天然沸石1200g，于600℃下高温煅烧活化4小时，得到改性沸石；
2、将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，部分高锰酸钾负载到沸石的表面和内部，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为6:1。
3、将20-30目的活性炭500g与步骤2制备得到的负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到空气净化剂。将本发明空气净化剂组装到空气净化器的过滤段中即可。
实施例3：
本发明空气净化剂各组分按质量百分比构成为：沸石58.5％，活性炭33％，高锰酸钾8.5％。
1、取粒径3-5mm的天然沸石1300g，于700℃下高温煅烧活化4小时，得到改性沸石；
2、将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，部分高锰酸钾负载到沸石的表面和内部，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为7:1。
3、将20-30目的活性炭700g与步骤2制备得到的负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到空气净化剂。将本发明空气净化剂组装到空气净化器的过滤段中即可。
对本发明空气净化器按照GB/T-18801-2015标准进行检测试验，分别进行了PM2.5颗粒物净化效率检测和香烟主要污染物检测。PM2.5颗粒物净化效率检测试验方案为，在30m3的空间里安装开启空气净化装置，待机器作用1小时后，测定空间内PM2.5颗粒浓度。香烟主要污染物(氨气，乙醛，乙酸等)的检测试验在1m3的试验舱内进行。检测结果表明，通过本发明提供的技术方法制备的净化香烟烟雾专用空气净化器的净化效果明显，其具体的分析检测结果如下：
1、PM2.5颗粒物净化效率检测
2、香烟主要污染物检测
以上结果表明本发明的净化香烟烟雾专用空气净化器具有良好的净化空气的效果，与市面上传统的空气净化器相比，更能有效分解香烟致癌物质，免除了日常生活中二手烟带来的危害，有利于营造舒适健康的环境，不仅如此，该发明的技术方法简单易行而且成本较低，具有着重要的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于净化香烟烟雾的复合空气净化剂，其特征在于是通过如下步骤制备得到的：
(1)将天然沸石于400～800℃下高温煅烧活化2-8小时，得到改性沸石；
(2)将所述改性沸石置于饱和的高锰酸钾溶液中，室温下在密闭的棕色反应器中浸渍24小时，部分高锰酸钾负载到沸石的表面和内部，浸渍完成后取出，80℃下真空干燥，自然冷却后得到负载高锰酸钾的沸石，密封避光保存；
(3)将20-30目的活性炭与所述负载高锰酸钾的沸石混合均匀，得到复合空气净化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合空气净化剂，其特征在于：
天然沸石的粒径为3-5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合空气净化剂，其特征在于：
步骤(1)中高温煅烧活化的温度为500-600℃，时间为3-5小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合空气净化剂，其特征在于：
步骤(2)中改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为2-10:1。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的复合空气净化剂，其特征在于：
步骤(2)中改性沸石与高锰酸钾的质量比为6-8:1。
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