CN105927243B - A kind of underground country rock tomography suspension device and method for protecting support - Google Patents
A kind of underground country rock tomography suspension device and method for protecting support Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法公开了一种井下围岩断层裂隙支护的时候使用的支护装置以及支护方法，可利用交流电电场对断层的煤层巷道围岩进行支护，能够有效提高断层区围岩的整体性和自身承载力。其特征在于三个中空注浆管均匀分布置于中空支架上，三个中空注浆管外表面上分别置有注浆排孔，绕缠线圈整体绕缠于三个中空注浆管外侧，所述绕缠线圈绕缠时，不能遮蔽注浆排孔，旋进锚头置于中空支架一端上，且分别和三个中空注浆管一端连接，注浆连接筒分别和三个中空注浆管的另一端连接，连通管置于注浆连接筒中部，垫板置于连通管上，阳极柱依次穿过垫板和连通管，置于中空支架内，防护袋套置于三个中空注浆管外侧。
The invention discloses a support device and support method for an underground surrounding rock fault fracture, which discloses a support device and a support method for supporting a fault crack in an underground surrounding rock, which can use an alternating current electric field to carry out the surrounding rock of a coal seam roadway in a fault. The support can effectively improve the integrity and self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock in the fault zone. It is characterized in that the three hollow grouting pipes are evenly distributed on the hollow support, the outer surfaces of the three hollow grouting pipes are respectively provided with grouting holes, and the winding coil is wound on the outside of the three hollow grouting pipes as a whole. When the winding coil is wound, the grouting holes cannot be covered, the anchor head is screwed in and placed on one end of the hollow bracket, and connected to one end of the three hollow grouting pipes respectively, and the grouting connecting cylinder is respectively connected to the three hollow grouting pipes The connecting pipe is placed in the middle of the grouting connection cylinder, the backing plate is placed on the connecting pipe, the anode column passes through the backing plate and the connecting pipe in turn, and placed in the hollow bracket, and the protective bag is placed in three hollow grouting tube outside.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法涉及一种井下围岩断层裂隙支护的时候使用的支护装置以及支护方法，属于围岩支护技术领域。特别涉及一种可利用交流电电场对断层的煤层巷道围岩进行支护，能够有效提高断层区围岩的整体性和自身承载力的支护装置以及支护方法。The invention relates to an underground surrounding rock fault supporting device and a supporting method, which relate to a supporting device and a supporting method used for supporting underground surrounding rock fault fissures, and belong to the technical field of surrounding rock supporting. In particular, it relates to a supporting device and a supporting method which can use an alternating current electric field to support the surrounding rock of a coal seam roadway in a fault, and can effectively improve the integrity and self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock in the fault area.
背景技术Background technique
在煤矿资源整合时，重组矿井往往由多个小煤窑组成，小煤窑在首次开采后，破坏了原岩层力的平衡，使得采空区的原岩应力发生变化，并为了寻找新的力平衡点而重新分布，当到达临界值时，就会发生围岩破坏和移动，随着煤炭开采范围不断扩大，围岩被进一步的破坏和移动，导致岩体崩落，引发大面积顶板冒落和围岩移动等事故，给煤矿开采和生产带来了极大的安全隐患。When coal mine resources are integrated, the restructured mine is often composed of multiple small coal kilns. After the first mining of the small coal kilns, the balance of the original rock force is destroyed, and the stress of the original rock in the goaf changes. In order to find a new force balance point And redistribution, when the critical value is reached, the surrounding rock will be damaged and moved. With the continuous expansion of the coal mining area, the surrounding rock will be further damaged and moved, resulting in the collapse of the rock mass, causing large-scale roof caving and surrounding rock collapse. Accidents such as moving have brought great safety hazards to coal mining and production.
断层不像原岩那样坚固紧实，存在大量空隙裂缝，局部还存在没有填充完全的空洞地段，裂隙岩体中高承压水与围岩的长期相互作用，一方面造成岩体发生显著的软化现象，导致岩体承载能力显著降低，另一方面可导致围岩产生较大的变形，从而使得围岩的自承载力显着下降，影响了围岩自承载结构的形成，对巷道支护结构的稳定性造成较大的影响。导致围岩呈现出松软破碎、稳定性和坚固性差、应力集中、地下导水突水通道多和承载力弱等特点，给断层巷道围岩支护带来很大困难。The fault is not as solid and compact as the original rock, and there are a large number of voids and cracks, and there are still some unfilled cavities in the local area. The long-term interaction between the high-pressure water in the fractured rock mass and the surrounding rocks, on the one hand, causes significant softening of the rock mass. , leading to a significant reduction in the bearing capacity of the rock mass, and on the other hand, it can cause a large deformation of the surrounding rock, thereby significantly reducing the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, affecting the formation of the self-supporting structure of the surrounding rock, and affecting the roadway support structure. Stability has a greater impact. As a result, the surrounding rock is soft and broken, poor in stability and firmness, stress concentration, many underground water inrush channels, and weak bearing capacity, which brings great difficulties to the surrounding rock support of fault roadways.
在实际施工过程中很难预先判明断层破碎带的准确位置及高压裂隙水的渗流条件，从而给施工留下极大的隐患，随时可导致突水及冒顶、片帮等事故的发生。In the actual construction process, it is difficult to pre-determine the exact location of the fault fracture zone and the seepage conditions of high-pressure fissure water, which leaves great hidden dangers to the construction, which may lead to accidents such as water inrush, roof fall, and slabs at any time.
现有的煤层断层区巷道支护方法主要是高强度棚架结构、混凝土反拱、料石砌碹、锚网支护和注浆封闭与加固。针对断层区上覆岩层冒落带、裂缝带和整体弯曲带对围岩稳定性的影响，当断层围岩发生位移严重、压应力集中时，上述支护方式不能满足煤层巷道断层区的围岩稳定性要求。The existing roadway support methods in the coal seam fault area mainly include high-strength scaffolding structure, concrete reverse arch, stone masonry, anchor net support, and grouting sealing and reinforcement. In view of the influence of the caving zone, crack zone and overall bending zone of the overlying strata in the fault zone on the stability of the surrounding rock, when the displacement of the fault surrounding rock is serious and the compressive stress is concentrated, the above support methods cannot meet the requirements of the surrounding rock in the fault zone of the coal seam roadway. Stability requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法提供了一种井下围岩断层裂隙支护的时候使用的支护装置以及支护方法，可利用交流电电场对断层的煤层巷道围岩进行支护，能够有效提高断层区围岩的整体性和自身承载力。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a supporting device and a supporting method for an underground surrounding rock fault fissure. Supporting the surrounding rock of the coal seam roadway can effectively improve the integrity and self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock in the fault zone.
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置是这样实现的：A kind of downhole surrounding rock fault supporting device of the present invention is realized like this:
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置由中空注浆管、绕缠线圈、注浆排孔、旋进锚头、防护袋、阳极柱、注浆连接筒、垫板、连通管和中空支架组成，三个中空注浆管均匀分布置于中空支架上，三个中空注浆管外表面上分别置有注浆排孔，绕缠线圈整体绕缠于三个中空注浆管外侧，所述绕缠线圈绕缠时，不能遮蔽注浆排孔，旋进锚头置于中空支架一端上，且分别和三个中空注浆管一端连接，注浆连接筒分别和三个中空注浆管的另一端连接，连通管置于注浆连接筒中部，垫板置于连通管上，阳极柱依次穿过垫板和连通管，置于中空支架内，防护袋套置于三个中空注浆管外侧。An underground surrounding rock fault support device of the present invention consists of a hollow grouting pipe, a winding coil, a grouting row hole, a screw-in anchor head, a protective bag, an anode column, a grouting connecting cylinder, a backing plate, a connecting pipe and a hollow support Composition, three hollow grouting pipes are evenly distributed on the hollow support, the outer surfaces of the three hollow grouting pipes are respectively provided with grouting holes, and the winding coil is wound on the outside of the three hollow grouting pipes as a whole. When the winding coil is wound, the grouting holes cannot be covered. The anchor head is screwed in and placed on one end of the hollow bracket, and connected to one end of the three hollow grouting pipes respectively. The other end is connected, the connecting pipe is placed in the middle of the grouting connection cylinder, the backing plate is placed on the connecting pipe, the anode column passes through the backing plate and the connecting pipe in turn, and placed in the hollow bracket, and the protective bag is placed on the three hollow grouting pipes outside.
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法是这样实现的，其特征在于包括以下步骤：A kind of downhole surrounding rock fault support device and support method of the present invention are realized in this way, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1）首先布置超前钻孔，在断层巷道侧壁用钻机打孔，在高度中心位置钻中心孔，直径φ20mm，深度1800-2800mm；中心孔两两间隔2000mm，所述中心孔的钻孔方向和断层巷道外接圆切线方向垂直；深度可根据围岩条件确定，若围岩条件较好，则采用长度为2800mm，反之则采用长度为1800mm；1) First arrange advanced drilling, drill holes with a drilling rig on the side wall of the fault roadway, and drill a central hole at the height center position, with a diameter of φ20mm and a depth of 1800-2800mm; the center holes are separated by 2000mm, and the drilling direction of the central hole and The tangent direction of the circumscribed circle of the fault roadway is vertical; the depth can be determined according to the surrounding rock conditions. If the surrounding rock conditions are good, the length is 2800mm; otherwise, the length is 1800mm;
2）进一步的，以中心孔为中心，打支护孔，六个支护孔在中心孔外围，呈正六边形分布，支护孔两两间距为1000mm，所述支护孔孔径φ60mm，深度1800-3000mm，所述支护孔的方向和断层巷道外接圆切线方向垂直；2) Further, with the central hole as the center, support holes are drilled, and the six support holes are distributed in a regular hexagon around the central hole. The spacing between the support holes is 1000mm. 1800-3000mm, the direction of the support hole is perpendicular to the tangent direction of the circumscribed circle of the fault roadway;
3）进一步的，中心孔和支护孔布局完成后，将阴极柱插入中心孔内，将防护袋套在断层支护装置外侧，然后将整个断层支护装置安装在支护孔内；3) Further, after the layout of the center hole and the support hole is completed, insert the cathode column into the center hole, put the protective bag on the outside of the fault support device, and then install the entire fault support device in the support hole;
当断层支护装置安装完毕后，在钻孔处拉防护袋，防护袋底端被锚头刺破，即可整体将防护袋拉出来；When the fault support device is installed, pull the protective bag at the drilled hole, the bottom of the protective bag is pierced by the anchor head, and the protective bag can be pulled out as a whole;
所述防护袋为圆筒袋，采用聚乙烯材料制成；The protective bag is a cylindrical bag made of polyethylene material;
4）进一步的，将阴极柱和交流电源负极相连，将断层支护装置中部的阳极柱和交流电源正极相连，阴极柱和阳极柱安装好后，及时喷浆封闭；4) Further, the cathode column is connected to the negative pole of the AC power supply, and the anode column in the middle of the fault support device is connected to the positive pole of the AC power supply. After the cathode column and the anode column are installed, they are sprayed and sealed in time;
5）进一步的，将围绕中心孔的，六个支护孔中的断层支护装置的注浆连接筒和注浆装置连接，注浆装置对六个断层支护装置同时注浆，浆液从断层支护装置上的中空注浆管中的注浆排孔流出，同时给六个断层支护装置上的阳极柱和所围绕的中心孔中的阴极柱通电，通电后，阴极柱和六个阳极柱在围岩内产出电场，在电场的作用下，六个断层支护装置的浆液分别向中心孔的阴极柱扩散；5) Further, connect the grouting connection cylinders of the fault support devices in the six support holes around the central hole with the grouting device, and the grouting device grouts the six fault support devices simultaneously, and the grout flows from the fault The grouting hole in the hollow grouting pipe on the support device flows out, and at the same time energizes the anode columns on the six fault support devices and the cathode columns in the surrounding center holes. After power on, the cathode columns and the six anodes The column produces an electric field in the surrounding rock, and under the action of the electric field, the slurry of the six fault support devices diffuses to the cathode column in the central hole;
在电渗和电泳的电化学效应作用下，浆液的填充半径大大提高，使得浆液充分填充断层区围岩内部空隙、裂缝，并且对断层区围岩进行加固，使其形成整体围岩；Under the electrochemical effect of electroosmosis and electrophoresis, the filling radius of the slurry is greatly increased, so that the slurry can fully fill the internal gaps and cracks of the surrounding rock in the fault zone, and strengthen the surrounding rock in the fault zone to form an integral surrounding rock;
所述断层支护装置外圈绕缠线圈在电场作用下产生磁场，浆液在磁场作用下进一步往中心孔方向加速扩散；The outer winding coil of the fault support device generates a magnetic field under the action of an electric field, and the slurry further accelerates to diffuse toward the center hole under the action of the magnetic field;
所述六个支护孔中的阳极柱围绕中心孔中的阳极柱，呈正六边形分布的设计，因此，能够使浆液扩散的时候，在围岩中，扩散半径增大，且可以定向均匀地扩散，提高围岩加固效果；The anode columns in the six support holes surround the anode columns in the central hole and are designed to be distributed in a regular hexagon. Therefore, when the slurry is diffused, the diffusion radius is increased in the surrounding rock, and the orientation can be uniform Diffusion in the ground to improve the reinforcement effect of the surrounding rock;
所述断层围岩支护装置的三个中空注浆管的设计，能够更好的配合交流电场，进行浆液的注入；The design of the three hollow grouting pipes of the fault surrounding rock support device can better cooperate with the AC electric field to inject the grout;
所述浆液为单液水泥-水玻璃浆液、酸性电解质和金属粉末混合，所述酸性电解质为Na2SiO3、NaCl、Na2SO4和Na3PO4，浓度为0-420g/L；The slurry is a mixture of single liquid cement-water glass slurry, acid electrolyte and metal powder, the acid electrolyte is Na 2 SiO 3 , NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and Na 3 PO 4 with a concentration of 0-420g/L;
所述金属粉末为Fe和Co磁性粉末；The metal powder is Fe and Co magnetic powder;
所述交流电源的电压为800-1200V，注浆压力控制在3-4MPa；The voltage of the AC power supply is 800-1200V, and the grouting pressure is controlled at 3-4MPa;
6)注浆停止后，阳极柱和阴极柱继续通电30min-60min后再停止，保证浆液的充分扩散，以尽快产生强度，便于提前施工；6) After the grouting is stopped, the anode column and the cathode column shall continue to be energized for 30min-60min before stopping to ensure sufficient diffusion of the grout to generate strength as soon as possible and facilitate construction in advance;
7)完成围岩断层加固作业后，在断层支护装置和阴极柱上，安装锚网，然后进行喷浆封闭，再安装超前全封闭管棚，然后利用超前全封闭管棚进行注浆永久支护；7) After the surrounding rock fault reinforcement work is completed, anchor nets are installed on the fault support device and cathode column, and then sprayed to seal, and then the advanced fully enclosed pipe shed is installed, and then the advanced fully enclosed pipe shed is used for grouting permanent support protect;
所述超前全封闭管棚的每架钢支架分4节，顶肩各一节，两帮各一节，并在搭接处安装卡缆，棚距500 mm，每棚设9副连接板，连接后支架形成闭环；Each steel frame of the advanced fully enclosed pipe shed is divided into 4 sections, one section for the top shoulder, and one section for the two sides, and cables are installed at the overlapping joints. The distance between the sheds is 500 mm. After connecting, the bracket forms a closed loop;
8)底板开卸压槽。卸压槽宽500mm，深度1500mm，待释放压力后再及时回填充实卸压槽。8) Open the pressure groove on the bottom plate. The width of the pressure relief groove is 500mm, and the depth is 1500mm. After the pressure is released, the pressure relief groove will be filled in time.
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护方法，通过交流电电场作用，能在围岩中形成不可逆的隔水帷幕，并且消除孔隙段的残留涌水，同时也能够提高浆液的扩散半径。浆液注入后在交流电场作用下，浆液扩散半径大于2.5m，断层区围岩整体强度提高260%以上；The invention relates to an underground surrounding rock fault support method, through the action of an alternating current electric field, an irreversible water-proof curtain can be formed in the surrounding rock, and the residual water gushing in the pore section can be eliminated, and the diffusion radius of the slurry can also be increased. After the slurry is injected, under the action of an AC electric field, the diffusion radius of the slurry is greater than 2.5m, and the overall strength of the surrounding rock in the fault area is increased by more than 260%;
有益效果。Beneficial effect.
一、利用交流电电场作用对巷道围岩加固，增加对围岩的压应力，改善围岩应力分布状态。1. Use the AC electric field to reinforce the surrounding rock of the roadway, increase the compressive stress on the surrounding rock, and improve the stress distribution of the surrounding rock.
二、浆液的填充半径大大提高，使得浆液充分填充断层区围岩内部空隙、裂缝，围岩裂隙得到粘结。2. The filling radius of the slurry is greatly increased, so that the slurry can fully fill the internal gaps and cracks of the surrounding rock in the fault zone, and the cracks in the surrounding rock can be bonded.
三、能够大大提高围岩的自承能力和稳定性。3. It can greatly improve the self-supporting capacity and stability of the surrounding rock.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置的立体结构图。Accompanying drawing 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an underground surrounding rock fault support device of the present invention.
附图2为本发明一种井下围岩断层支护方法的电场布置图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the electric field arrangement diagram of a kind of downhole surrounding rock fault supporting method of the present invention.
附图3为本发明一种井下围岩断层支护方法的巷道段面支护示意图。Accompanying drawing 3 is a schematic diagram of roadway section surface support of an underground surrounding rock fault support method of the present invention.
附图中：In the attached picture:
其中零件为：中空注浆管（1），绕缠线圈（2），注浆排孔（3），旋进锚头（4），防护袋（5），阳极柱（6），注浆连接筒（7），垫板（8），连通管（9），中空支架（10），巷道断面（11），超前全封闭管棚（12），阴极柱（13），中心孔（14），卸压槽（15），卡缆（16），锚网（17），支护孔（18）。The parts are: hollow grouting pipe (1), winding coil (2), grouting hole (3), screw-in anchor head (4), protective bag (5), anode column (6), grouting connection Tube (7), backing plate (8), connecting pipe (9), hollow support (10), roadway section (11), advanced fully enclosed pipe shed (12), cathode column (13), center hole (14), Pressure relief groove (15), card cable (16), anchor net (17), support hole (18).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法是这样实现的，下面进行进一步阐述：A kind of downhole surrounding rock fault support device and support method of the present invention are realized in this way, further elaborated below:
1）综合利用超前地质探测等手段勘查围岩断层情况，然后布置超前钻孔，在断层巷道侧壁用钻机打孔，在高度中心位置钻中心孔，直径φ20mm，深度2800mm；中心孔两两间隔2000mm，所述中心孔的钻孔方向和断层巷道外接圆切线方向垂直；1) Comprehensively use advanced geological exploration and other means to survey the surrounding rock faults, and then arrange advanced drilling, drill holes with a drilling rig on the side wall of the fault roadway, and drill a central hole at the height center position, with a diameter of φ20mm and a depth of 2800mm; the center holes are spaced in pairs 2000mm, the drilling direction of the central hole is perpendicular to the tangent direction of the circumscribed circle of the fault roadway;
2）以中心孔为中心，打支护孔，六个支护孔在中心孔外围，呈正六边形分布，支护孔两两间距为1000mm，所述支护孔孔径φ60mm，深度3000mm，所述支护孔的方向和断层巷道外接圆切线方向垂直；2) With the center hole as the center, drill support holes. The six support holes are distributed in a regular hexagon around the center hole. The distance between the support holes is 1000mm. The direction of the support hole mentioned above is perpendicular to the tangent direction of the circumscribed circle of the fault roadway;
3）中心孔和支护孔布局完成后，将阴极柱插入中心孔内，将防护袋套在断层支护装置外侧，然后将整个断层支护装置安装在支护孔内，当断层支护装置安装完毕后，在钻孔处拉防护袋，防护袋底端被锚头刺破，即可整体将防护袋拉出来；3) After the layout of the center hole and the support hole is completed, insert the cathode column into the center hole, put the protective bag on the outside of the fault support device, and then install the entire fault support device in the support hole. When the fault support device After installation, pull the protective bag at the drilled hole, the bottom of the protective bag is pierced by the anchor head, and the protective bag can be pulled out as a whole;
4）然后将阴极柱和交流电源负极相连，将断层支护装置中部的阳极柱和交流电源正极相连，阴极柱和阳极柱安装好后，及时喷浆封闭；4) Then connect the cathode column to the negative pole of the AC power supply, and connect the anode column in the middle of the fault support device to the positive pole of the AC power supply. After the cathode column and the anode column are installed, spray them in time to seal them;
5）将围绕中心孔的，六个支护孔中的断层支护装置的注浆连接筒和注浆装置连接，注浆装置对六个断层支护装置同时注浆，浆液从断层支护装置上的中空注浆管中的注浆排孔流出，同时给六个断层支护装置上的阳极柱和所围绕的中心孔中的阴极柱通电，通电后，阴极柱和六个阳极柱在围岩内产出电场，在电场的作用下，六个断层支护装置的浆液分别向中心孔的阴极柱扩散；交流电源的电压为1200V，注浆压力控制在3MPa；5) Connect the grouting connection cylinders of the fault support devices in the six support holes around the central hole to the grouting device, the grouting device grouts the six fault support devices simultaneously, and the grout flows from the fault support device The grouting holes in the hollow grouting pipe above flow out, and simultaneously energize the anode columns on the six fault support devices and the cathode columns in the surrounding center holes. An electric field is generated in the rock, and under the action of the electric field, the slurry of the six fault support devices diffuses to the cathode column of the central hole respectively; the voltage of the AC power supply is 1200V, and the grouting pressure is controlled at 3MPa;
在交流电场下，产生如下几个过程:注入压力作用过程，电力作用过程，电化作用过程和结构形成过程，注入压力作用过程即为浆液在注入压力作用下从注液管孔向周围扩散，其流动服从达西定律，流速呈直线性，电力作用过程即电渗作用，其中的水在电场力的作用下从阳极向阴极移动，电渗流速呈直线性，电化作用过程包括电解作用、离子移动作用和离子交换反应作用，结构形成过程即为分子凝固，化合结晶；Under the AC electric field, the following processes are produced: injection pressure action process, electric power action process, electrochemical action process and structure formation process. The injection pressure action process is that the slurry diffuses from the injection pipe hole to the surrounding under the injection pressure, and The flow obeys Darcy's law, the flow velocity is linear, and the process of electric power is electroosmosis. The water in it moves from the anode to the cathode under the action of the electric field force, and the electroosmotic flow rate is linear. The electrochemical process includes electrolysis and ion movement. Effect and ion exchange reaction, the process of structure formation is molecular solidification and compound crystallization;
所有这些过程都是相互关连，并发展为几个阶段，起先注入压力起主要作用，电渗起排水作用，接着电力作用过程比较激烈，在其作用下，电解浆液在粘土质中由正极向负极方向移动，然后具有电化作用和结构形成过程，这两个过程同时进行，由于电化学的迁移和扩散，这两种溶液在土中相遇，相遇后其分界面上形成硅胶膜，此后，水玻璃中的酸就从此膜扩散出去，水玻璃脱酸后就逐渐浓缩，最后完全转化成硅酸凝胶，反应生成的硅酸凝胶把土壤颗粒胶结起来，在最后阶段，去掉电压，也会继续形成不溶于水的化合物，结果其孔隙被淤住，并在电化处理方法下增强了粘土或流砂的承载能力，减少其透水性，起到了显著的加固作用；All these processes are interrelated and developed into several stages. At first, the injection pressure plays the main role, electroosmosis plays the role of drainage, and then the process of electric power is more intense. Under its action, the electrolytic slurry moves from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the clay. Direction movement, and then have electrochemical action and structure formation process, these two processes are carried out simultaneously, due to electrochemical migration and diffusion, these two solutions meet in the soil, after the meeting, a silica gel film is formed on the interface, after that, the water glass The acid in the water diffuses out from the membrane, and the water glass gradually concentrates after deacidification, and finally completely transforms into silicic acid gel. The silicic acid gel formed by the reaction cements the soil particles. In the final stage, the voltage will continue to The formation of water-insoluble compounds results in the silting of the pores, and the electrochemical treatment method enhances the bearing capacity of clay or quicksand, reduces its water permeability, and plays a significant role in reinforcement;
在电渗和电泳的电化学效应作用下，浆液的填充半径大大提高，使得浆液充分填充断层区围岩内部空隙、裂缝，围岩裂隙得到粘结，提高了围岩的完整性，使得裂隙的抗剪强度和刚度大大提高，浆液充填到裂隙中固结后形成新的网络骨架结构，使得裂隙岩体的变形模量明显提高。裂隙充填后，其端部应力集中大大削弱甚至消失，改变原来的裂隙扩展破坏机制，遏制了围岩的流变变形；Under the action of the electrochemical effect of electroosmosis and electrophoresis, the filling radius of the slurry is greatly increased, so that the slurry can fully fill the internal gaps and cracks of the surrounding rock in the fault zone, and the cracks in the surrounding rock are bonded, which improves the integrity of the surrounding rock and makes the cracks The shear strength and stiffness are greatly improved, and a new network skeleton structure is formed after the grout is filled into the cracks and consolidated, so that the deformation modulus of the cracked rock mass is significantly improved. After the fissure is filled, the stress concentration at the end is greatly weakened or even disappeared, changing the original fracture expansion and failure mechanism, and curbing the rheological deformation of the surrounding rock;
6)注浆停止后，阳极柱和阴极柱继续通电60min后再停止，保证浆液的充分扩散，以尽快产生强度，便于提前施工；6) After the grouting is stopped, the anode column and the cathode column shall continue to be energized for 60 minutes before stopping to ensure sufficient diffusion of the slurry to generate strength as soon as possible and facilitate construction in advance;
7)完成围岩断层加固作业，在断层支护装置和阴极柱上，安装锚网，然后进行喷浆封闭，再安装超前全封闭管棚，然后利用超前全封闭管棚进行注浆永久支护；7) Complete the surrounding rock fault reinforcement work, install the anchor net on the fault support device and the cathode column, then carry out spraying sealing, then install the advanced fully enclosed pipe shed, and then use the advanced fully enclosed pipe shed to perform grouting permanent support ;
8)底板开卸压槽，卸压槽宽500mm，深度1500mm，待释放压力后再及时回填充实卸压槽。8) The bottom plate has a pressure relief groove, the width of the pressure relief groove is 500mm, and the depth is 1500mm. After the pressure is released, the pressure relief groove is filled in time.
本发明从改善围岩力学特性和密实围岩裂隙入手，呈正六边形分布的阳极柱围绕阴极柱的设计，浆液注入后在交流电场作用下，在围岩中，扩散半径增大，浆液扩散半径大于2.5m，断层区围岩整体强度提高260%以上；使围岩的承载能力极大提高，以保证巷道的长期稳定。The present invention starts from improving the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock and the fissures of the dense surrounding rock. The anode column in the regular hexagonal distribution is designed to surround the cathode column. After the slurry is injected, under the action of an alternating electric field, the diffusion radius increases in the surrounding rock and the slurry diffuses. If the radius is greater than 2.5m, the overall strength of the surrounding rock in the fault zone is increased by more than 260%; the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is greatly improved to ensure the long-term stability of the roadway.
本发明一种井下围岩断层支护装置及支护方法，广泛用于煤矿矿井开采挖掘中的井筒施工、开拓巷道施工、断层巷道支护施工、硐室施工各个方面。The invention relates to an underground surrounding rock fault support device and a support method, which are widely used in various aspects of shaft construction, roadway development construction, fault roadway support construction and chamber construction in mining and excavation of coal mines.
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