CN105870604B - It is a kind of to surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient - Google Patents
It is a kind of to surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient Download PDFInfo
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- CN105870604B CN105870604B CN201610237896.4A CN201610237896A CN105870604B CN 105870604 B CN105870604 B CN 105870604B CN 201610237896 A CN201610237896 A CN 201610237896A CN 105870604 B CN105870604 B CN 105870604B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Surpassing the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient the invention discloses a kind of.It is rearranged by phase-shifting unit (1), phase-shifting unit (1) includes dielectric-slab (3), the surface of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal patch (4), and the centre of metal patch (4) is equipped with upper hole (5)；The bottom of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal ground plate (6), and the centre of metal ground plate (6) is equipped with lower opening (7)；The middle part of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal tube (8), and metal tube (8) is connected to upper hole (5) and lower opening (7).The present invention has the characteristics that small, light weight and cost is cheap, while also achieving continuous control of the orbital angular momentum in 0 to 2 π phases, produces apparent vortex orbital angular momentum；And there is superior reflecting effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum is surpassed based on phase gradient, belong to communication neck
Domain.
Background technology
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is used as one important physical amount of physics, rapid after being confirmed from 1992 by Allen et al.
The new development of multiple subjects such as nonlinear optics, quantum optices, atom optics and astronomy is pushed.Not with spin angular momentaum
Together, orbital angular momentum links together with helical phase wavefront, theoretically can value it is infinite and orthogonal.In physics and
Orbital angular momentum is introduced into optic communication by optic communication subject crossing field, scientist, with the degree of freedom such as wavelength, time slot and polarization
It is similar, orbital angular momentum is considered as a new degree of freedom and as data information carrier, has carried out and has been carried out using orbital angular momentum
The basic theory and key technology research of optic communication.
The vortex wave beam with orbital angular momentum how is generated, is always the hot spot of Recent study and concern.Exist at present
Light wave frequency range, main method have spiral phase plate method, geometric mode transformation approach (cylindrical lens, conscope etc.), computer-generated hologram
Method (spatial light modulator method), liquid crystal phase device method (liquid crystal q-plate) etc..
Higher transfer efficiency can be realized by generating vortex beams using spiral phase plate method, and can be used for high power
Laser beam.But a spiral phase plate can only generate the vortex beams of single topological charge theoretically, lack flexibility.This
Outer processing high quality spiral phase plate is relatively difficult, and needs special process equipment.
Very high transfer efficiency and very pure optical eddy can be obtained using geometric optics pattern transformation approach.But it converts
The structure of system is all more complicated, and the required precision of each class component is very high, and corresponding incident beam needs to be high-order strategic point
Rice-Gaussian beam, itself is just than being more difficult to get, therefore, this method underaction in practical applications.
Optical eddy is generated using spatial light modulator modulation helical phase figure (computer hologram) and liquid crystal phase method,
All kinds of parameters for flexibly easily controlling light beam can be compared according to demand, generate the vortex beams of high quality.But this method
Also it is limited by the resolution ratio of spatial light modulator and energy threshold value, high-power laser beam cannot be handled.
Problem of the existing technology disclosed above is：Research is concentrated mainly on the track angular motion using laser at this stage
Amount is communicated, and spiral phase plate method, phase hologram method, mode converter method for being made of cylindrical lens etc. generate vortex beams
Method is realized all complex, and in realizing light beam orbit angular momentum state multiplexing, the device that uses is more, complicated and do not allow
Easy small integrated is unsuitable for use of broadcasting TV programs by satellite.Also, there is also many limitations, such as laser to transmission environment for optical communication technique
Rainfall of the satellite-ground link in by air, flue dust, mist are influenced bigger than microwave more.
All it is to generate vortex beams in light wave frequency range in view of the above method, although feasible, that there are system structures is multiple
Miscellaneous, the problems such as manufacturing process is difficult, angle of diffraction is little, diffraction efficiency is not high.In microwave frequency band, since wavelength reaches millimeter very
To centimetres, it is difficult to be cut to phase in smaller volumetric spaces, this also exactly constrains it and is led in microwave communication
The reason of domain is applied.In microwave frequency band, vortex wave beam is generated currently with the antenna array design designed using Meta Materials
To be a kind of more feasible method, array antenna be it is a kind of by regulate and control each array element radiation intensity, phase delay come into
The array antenna of traveling wave beam scanning has many advantages, such as that detection range is remote, governing speed is fast, technology relative maturity.By a large amount of amplitudes,
The array antenna that the mutually adjustable array element in position is constituted, this is provided great flexibility in the radial direction of light beam, shear-polarization, in light
Learning in the design of device also has prodigious facility, and a reliable approach is provided for the generation of the vortex wave beam of microwave frequency band.
Meta Materials are the artificial composite structure or composite material for having the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material, tool
There are unconventional electromagnetic properties such as negative magnetoconductivity, negative permittivity and zero refractive index.Nearly ten years, reason of the scientist in Meta Materials
It has made significant headway by research, physical characteristic and application aspect.Super surface is the two dimensional surface situation of Meta Materials, several recently
Year has become hot spot and the forward position of Meta Materials research field.Wherein, the super surface of phase gradient (phase gradient
Metasurfaces), the phenomenons of various novelties is generated because it may be implemented to the arbitrary control of electromagnetic wave wavefront, receives and grinds
The extensive concern for the person of studying carefully.Seminar pass is taught from Harvard University Z.Gaburro in 2011 in the super surface of phase gradient earliest
The beam-shaping to light wave is realized in the SPA sudden phase anomalies using ultra-thin single-layer metal structure metamaterial, they give broad sense folding
Reflection law constitutes phase gradient super surface using nanotube antenna array and paradoxical reflex/transmission phenomenon is verified, and given
The example of a generation vortex wave beam is gone out.2012, the U.S. released university professor V.M.Shalaev from sufferings and also V word structures is utilized to arrange
Plane electromagnetism metamaterials made of row are realized to back wave and the deflection of outgoing wave wide-angle beam, so as to cause extensive pass
Note.The general super surface of phase gradient is designed based on SPA sudden phase anomalies and polarizing control thought, is made of artificial micro-structure unit
The two-dimentional novel artificial body structure surface in accordance with broad sense catadioptric law, the excitation of electromagnetic wave and transmission can flexibly be controlled
System realizes the functions such as paradoxical reflex/refraction, polarization rotation and asymmetric transmission.The super surface of phase gradient is widely used, very much
Scholar has made intensive studies it.Pu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences etc. is using symmetrical T-shaped structure in X-band successful design foot
0 ° -360 ° of super surface cell is enough covered, and broadband paradoxical reflex is realized using this element.Li et al. is existed using circular configuration
10GHz nearby by controlling the direction for the transmitted wave for surpassing surface transmitted through phase gradient, realizes high efficiency regulatory electromagnetic wave beam
Function.With the development of aircraft industry and the rapid development of mobile communication, focusing anteena is in space flight, military project, communication, medical treatment etc.
Field plays an increasingly important role.
Super surfacing, or it is a series of electromagnetism (optics) Meta Materials by low dimensionals to be known as " planar ultra-thin Meta Materials "
It is composed, is that super surface only needs a diadactic structure (i.e. two step thicknesses) to can be realized 0 to 2 in place of unique and advantage
The continuous control of π phases, breaches the essential limitation of traditional " body material ", at the same be also equipped with size, weight, be easy to prepare and
Device is integrated to wait many advantages." SPA sudden phase anomalies " caused by effect of the super surfacing using electromagnetic wave and surface texture or " partially
Shake mutation " light or electromagnetic wave propagation are controlled, it is a kind of " interfacial effect ", it is complete with " bulk effect " mechanism in usual Meta Materials
It is complete different.Super surfacing opens a new physical field and phenomenon, is presented on " interface " of two kinds of natural materials
A kind of ability surmounting conventional control electromagnetic energy flow.With entirely different observed by conventional three-dimensional body Meta Materials, super surface
Material has further expanded and extend function and the application of body Meta Materials, can generate the multilayered structure different from those large volumes
Meta Materials function and application, the great difficult problem in the development of many conventional bulk Meta Materials and application can also be solved, such as worked
Bandwidth, high loss, highly difficult expensive manufacturing process and with the integrated difficulty of application system etc..
Invention content
Surpassing the array day that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Line.The present invention has the characteristics that small, light weight and cost is cheap；The invention also achieves orbital angular momentums in 0 to 2 π phases
Continuous control, produce apparent vortex orbital angular momentum；Present invention reduces the attenuation rates of incident wave reflection simultaneously, thus
Improve the reflecting effect of the present invention, the reflection efficiency of existing array antenna is generally in 30%-40%, and the reflection of the present invention
Efficiency can reach 65%.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the invention is as follows：One kind is based on the super surface production of phase gradient
The array antenna of raw microwave orbital angular momentum, the array antenna are rearranged by phase-shifting unit, and phase-shifting unit includes dielectric-slab, are situated between
The surface of scutum is equipped with metal patch, and the centre of metal patch is equipped with upper hole；The bottom of dielectric-slab is equipped with metal ground plate, metal
The centre of earth plate is equipped with lower opening；The middle part of dielectric-slab is equipped with metal tube, and metal tube is connected to upper hole and lower opening；The phase shift
Unit is uniformly divided into N parts by certain quadrant angle, and the metal patch surface area of phase-shifting unit is incremented by by gradient in adjacent quadrants angle,
Array antenna is set to cover 0 to 2 π to the waveform phase variable quantity that incidence wave is modulated.
Above-mentioned is surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, which is just
Rectangular, phase-shifting unit is uniformly divided into 8 parts by 45 ° of quadrant angle, and the phase-shifting unit quantity in each quadrant angle is equal.
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, described 8 parts of phase shifts
Gradient is incremented by the metal patch surface area of unit in the direction of the clock.
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the phase-shifting unit
Dielectric-slab and metal ground plate be square.
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the metal patch
For circle.
Above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the upper hole is under
Hole is circle, and the metal tube is cylinder hollow pipe.
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, 8 quadrant angles
Phase-shifting unit metal patch diameter by clockwise be followed successively by 1.65mm, 3.85mm, 4.86mm, 5.50mm, 5.96mm,
6.60mm、8.12mm、9.85mm。
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the metal patch
Thickness and metal ground plate thickness be t=0.035mm.
It is above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the dielectric-slab
Dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness of dielectric-slab is h=1.60mm.
Above-mentioned to be surpassed based on phase gradient in the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, the upper hole is under
The radius r in hole1The caliber of=0.5mm, metal tube are r2=0.5mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has made the structure of phase-shifting unit creative improvement, by phase-shifting unit from upper
It is divided into metal patch, dielectric-slab and metal ground plate three parts under, and is provided with metal tube among phase-shifting unit and runs through this
Three parts, this three parts forms an equivalent circuit, compared with existing phase-shifting unit, hence it is evident that reduce declining for incident wave reflection
Lapse rate, improves the reflecting effect of the present invention, and the reflection efficiency of existing array antenna is and of the invention generally in 30%-40%
Reflection efficiency can reach 65%, simulation calculation and experiment, which measure, shows that wave beam deflection efficiency is more than 60% or more, and one
As transmittance structure transfer efficiency generally all 20% hereinafter, achieving unexpected advantageous effect.Further, apply
People has also made preferably the arrangement mode of phase-shifting unit and phase-shifting unit each section in shape and size, preferably after knot
Structure further improves vortex effect and reflection efficiency, and may be implemented microwave orbital angular momentum from 0 to 2 π phases it is uniform
Continuous control.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of array antenna；
Fig. 2 is the dimensional structure diagram of phase unit；
Fig. 3 is the front view of phase unit；
Fig. 4 is the intensity distribution of microwave orbital angular momentum；
Fig. 5 is the phase distribution figure of the microwave orbital angular momentum generated.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment：It is a kind of to surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient, such as attached drawing 1-3 institutes
Show, include splicing integral array antenna by phase-shifting unit 1, phase-shifting unit 1 includes square dielectric-slab 3, the table of dielectric-slab 3
Face is equipped with circular metal patch 4, and the centre of metal patch 4 offers hole 5；The bottom of dielectric-slab 3 connects equipped with square-shaped metal
Floor 6, dielectric-slab are identical as the size of metal ground plate.It is equipped with lower opening 7 in the centre of metal ground plate 6；The middle part of dielectric-slab 3
Equipped with metal tube 8, metal tube 8 is connected to upper hole 5 and lower opening 7.
In order to realize incidence wave orbital angular momentum π phases from 0 to 2 uniformly continuous control, the present invention is by array antenna
On phase-shifting unit be uniformly divided into N parts by certain quadrant angle (i.e. quadrant angle is the quadrant area in α in Fig. 1), it is adjacent as
The metal patch surface area for limiting phase-shifting unit in angle is incremented by by gradient, and array antenna is made to change the waveform phase that incidence wave is modulated
0 to 2 π of amount covering.Fig. 1 is the array antenna of design, which is square, and spliced altogether by 400 phase-shifting units and
At, 400 phase-shifting units are uniformly divided into 8 parts by 45 ° of quadrant angle (i.e. quadrant area in Fig. 1 in quadrant angle [alpha]=45 °),
Phase-shifting unit quantity in each quadrant angle it is equal (phase-shifting unit in the quadrant angle be not included in 45 °, 135 °,
Phase-shifting unit on 225 ° and 315 ° of quadrant angle line of demarcation), it can on 45 °, 135 °, 225 ° and 315 ° of quadrant angle line of demarcation
Phase-shifting unit in adjacent quadrants angle is set, but uses same rule setting in principle, such as all adjacent quadrants angle is placed in selection
The big phase-shifting unit of interior metal patch surface area, or all the phase shift that metal patch surface area is small in adjacent quadrants angle is placed in selection
Unit.And gradient is incremented by the metal patch surface area of this 8 parts of phase-shifting units in the direction of the clock, is obtained through applicant's repeated screening
Go out, the diameter of the metal patch of the phase-shifting unit 1 of this 8 quadrant angles by be followed successively by clockwise 1.65mm, 3.85mm, 4.86mm,
5.50mm、5.96mm、6.60mm、8.12mm、9.85mm。
Still further, the thickness of the thickness of the metal patch 4 and metal ground plate 6 is t=0.035mm, metal
Patch and metal ground plate can choose the metal materials such as gold, silver.The dielectric constant of dielectric-slab 3 is 2.65, and silica can be used,
The surface of dielectric-slab is the square of 10mm × 10mm, and the thickness of dielectric-slab 3 is h=1.60mm, and metal ground plate is also 10mm
Four sides of the square of × 10mm, metal ground plate are flushed with dielectric-slab, and thus size arranges the array day that splicing obtains
Line is the square array strake of 20mm × 20mm.The radius r in the upper hole 5 and lower opening 71=0.5mm, the caliber of metal tube 8
For r2=0.5mm.
Applicant makees the array antenna for surpassing generation microwave orbital angular momentum in surface based on phase gradient in embodiment
Experiment, attached drawing 4 are electric field of the plane wave along a certain position plane (x-y plane) at place after the Z-direction normal incidence present invention
Distribution map, is the vortex core that light intensity is zero at x=y=0 in figure, and the property that central light strength is zero is all vortex beams institute
The denominator having, therefore illustrate that there is the wave beam hollow characteristic, wave beam central light strength can be still kept in communication process
The property for being zero, by center outward light intensity cross direction profiles be the stronger annulus of energy, from figure it can be found that center energy
Much smaller than the energy of surrounding, illustrate that the present invention has very superior vortex effect.It is generated after Fig. 5 plane wave incidence present invention
The phase distribution figure of microwave orbital angular momentum, as can be seen from the figure the present invention microwave orbital angular momentum π from 0 to 2 may be implemented
The uniformly continuous of phase controls.
The super surface apparatus application range of the present invention can be not only used for reflectarray antenna, can also be applied to other need
Generate the occasion of the transmission and reflection of orbital angular momentum.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of surpassing the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient, it is characterised in that：The array day
Line is rearranged by phase-shifting unit (1), and phase-shifting unit (1) includes dielectric-slab (3), and the surface of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal patch
(4), the centre of metal patch (4) is equipped with upper hole (5)；The bottom of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal ground plate (6), metal ground plate
(6) centre is equipped with lower opening (7)；The middle part of dielectric-slab (3) is equipped with metal tube (8), metal tube (8) and upper hole (5) and lower opening (7)
Connection；The phase-shifting unit is uniformly divided into 8 parts by certain quadrant angle, the metal patch table of phase-shifting unit in adjacent quadrants angle
Area is incremented by by gradient；The array antenna is square, and phase-shifting unit is uniformly divided into 8 parts by 45 ° of quadrant angle, each quadrant angle
Interior phase-shifting unit quantity is equal；And gradient is incremented by the metal patch surface area of the phase-shifting unit described in 8 parts in the direction of the clock；
The dielectric-slab and metal ground plate of the phase-shifting unit (1) are square；The metal patch (4) is circle.
2. according to claim 1 surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, spy based on phase gradient
Sign is：The upper hole and lower opening are circle, and the metal tube is cylinder hollow pipe.
3. according to claim 2 surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, spy based on phase gradient
Sign is：The diameter of the metal patch of the phase-shifting unit (1) of 8 quadrant angles by clockwise be followed successively by 1.65mm, 3.85mm,
4.86mm、5.50mm、5.96mm、6.60mm、8.12mm、9.85mm。
4. according to claim 1 surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, spy based on phase gradient
Sign is：The thickness of the metal patch (4) is t=0.035mm with the thickness of metal ground plate (6).
5. according to claim 1 surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, spy based on phase gradient
Sign is：The dielectric constant of the dielectric-slab (3) is 2.65, and the thickness of dielectric-slab (3) is h=1.60mm.
6. according to claim 1 surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum, spy based on phase gradient
Sign is：The radius r in the upper hole (5) and lower opening (7)1The caliber of=0.5mm, metal tube (8) are r2=0.5mm.
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| CN201610237896.4A CN105870604B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | It is a kind of to surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient |
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| CN201610237896.4A CN105870604B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | It is a kind of to surpass the array antenna that surface generates microwave orbital angular momentum based on phase gradient |
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| CN112134020B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-05-12 | 浙江科技学院 | Super-surface array antenna based on phase gradient |
| CN112698447B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中山大学 | A folded metasurface monolithic integrated vortex beam multiplexing and demultiplexing device |
| CN113809553B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-08-19 | 深圳大学 | Waveguide transmission array antenna and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115732935B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2025-07-11 | 复旦大学 | Bidirectional multimode terahertz orbital angular momentum antenna |
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