CN105862150A - Superfine composite fiber and processing technology thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrafine composite fiber and a processing technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of filament generation. Using modified nylon and polyester as raw materials, the two raw materials are melted and extruded by different screw extruders, and then enter the two-component spinning assembly at the same time, and the sprayed melt is cooled, oiled, drawn, heated The one-step spinning method of shaping and winding is used to produce ultra-fine composite fibers with modified nylon as "stent" and PET as "split". Applying the invention to the processing of ultra-fine composite fibers, suede, waterproof fabrics, etc., has the advantages of crisp, dense, and full fabrics.

Description

A kind of superfine composite fiber and its processing technology

technical field

The invention relates to an ultrafine composite fiber and a processing technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of filament generation.

Background technique

The methods for preparing ultrafine fibers by composite spinning mainly include island-in-the-sea composite spinning and split-type composite spinning. Among them, split-type composite spinning is mainly based on polyester-nylon composite spinning, and the incompatibility of polyester and nylon is utilized. The fiber is opened under the action of the subsequent alkali reduction or a certain mechanical force to obtain ultra-fine denier fibers. Compared with ordinary fibers, microfibers have extremely small linear density and high specific surface area. The fabrics woven have the characteristics of high coverage, soft touch, comfortable wearing, and soft colors. They are widely used in suede and imitation peach skin. The production of velvet, microfiber leather base cloth, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, and high-performance suction filter material has become a product with high added value.

Polyester-nylon composite fiber is a relatively mature technology. The raw materials used are mostly conventional polyester and nylon 6, and the cross-section is mainly orange-shaped (also called rice-shaped) with 8 segments. In order to produce finer composite fibers, it is also possible to increase the split ratio. For example, the application number CN200910025727.4 discloses "a preparation method of 0.06D ultra-fine polyester-nylon composite fibers", and the fiber cross section is divided into 16 or 24 to achieve more Production of fine denier.

In order to make the fabric made of superfine fiber dense, crisp and plump, it is often necessary to incorporate a high-shrinkage fiber into the superfine fiber, so that the fabric will shrink due to the shrinkage of the high-shrinkage fiber during the finishing process after dyeing. Shrink the cloth surface as a whole, producing dense and rich pile effect. However, the incorporated high-shrinkage fibers will cause color difference and tight spots in the fabric, which will affect the style of the final fabric.

For this reason, application number CN201310198200.8 discloses "high-shrinkage polyester nylon composite superfine fiber and its production method", in which a certain amount of polyurethane is added to conventional PET as the core component, and a certain amount of Vistamaxx propylene-based elastic is added to nylon 6. The body is another component, and the high-shrinkage polyester-nylon composite ultra-fine fiber is prepared by the method of conjugate spinning, but the specific process and fiber shrinkage index are not expressed, and for the ultra-fine denier spinning, a total of The addition of mixed components will have a greater impact on spinning performance. Application number CN201410265536.6 discloses "a preparation method of polyester-nylon composite microfiber with ultra-high shrinkage rate", using high-shrinkage polyester chips and nylon 6 chips, with a mass ratio of 80:20 to 60:40 , and the polyester-nylon composite ultra-fine DTY with a shrinkage rate of more than 15% in boiling water can be obtained. The high-shrinkage slices are made by adding isophthalic acid and neopentyl glycol, but the high-shrinkage polyester is used as a split part, which has a lot of content in the fiber, and the shrinkage rate is too high, which will easily cause the cloth surface to be hard and affect the softness. And the nylon part of the rice character is distributed between the high-shrinkage lobes, which cannot produce a fluffy effect. Application number CN201510422893.3 discloses "a split-type high-shrinkage nylon composite fully drawn yarn and its preparation method", a two-component composite fiber composed of a high-shrinkage component and a nylon component, and the cross-section is split. shape, wherein the weight percentage of nylon component: high shrinkage component is 55-65:45-35, and the shrinkage rate in boiling water is about 10%, but the high-shrinkage section index used is not specified, and the cross-section is split-valve type (that is, Rice-shaped), the contact surface between the bracket and the lobes is large, so that the shrinkage force of the bracket part is smaller than the friction force between the fibers, and it is difficult to produce different shrinkage effects. Moreover, these methods only consider the influence of fiber boiling water shrinkage. In fact, for ultrafine composite fibers, the important thing is the different shrinkage between fiber components, that is, through fiber opening, the components with low shrinkage are wrapped in the components with high shrinkage. In addition to other components, it forms a comprehensive effect of fluffy, dense and piled. Therefore, the selection of components, the design of the section and the control of the processing technology are very important.

And the prior art such as application number is 032345356, and application number is 2008100636505 then forms superfine fiber by means of sea-island silk spinning method or water-soluble material characteristic, but this mode has special requirement to raw material, and its product variety is limited, and the fiber itself The microstructure is destroyed, and the mechanical properties cannot meet the requirements of use.

Based on this, this application is made.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of processing technology of modified nylon and polyester splitting type superfine composite fiber, which technology uses modified nylon (COPA) and polyester (PET) as raw materials, Through the composite spinning method, the split-type ultra-fine composite fiber is prepared with the modified nylon as the "stent" and PET as the "split".

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fiber, using modified nylon (COPA) and polyester (PET) as raw materials, respectively melted and extruded through a screw extruder, and then enters a two-component composite spinning equipment and a specially designed spinneret hole , the sprayed melt is cooled, oiled, drawn, heat-set, and wound in one-step spinning method, and the modified nylon is used as a "stent" and PET is used as a "split". Fine composite fibers.

The main process and technical parameters include:

(1) Modified nylon (COPA): PA6 is the main component, and it is a copolymerized modified nylon prepared by adding one or more monomers of PA66, PA1010, PA1012, PA1212, PA10, and PA11, with a melting point of 195-205 ℃, relative viscosity 2.4±0.10; in terms of cost, PA66 is preferred as comonomer.

(2) Spinning hole: six-pointed star or five-pointed star.

(3) Composite spinning:

①Polyester: Intrinsic viscosity 0.685±0.010dl/g, moisture content of dry chips is less than 50ppm, temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290℃.

②COPA: The relative viscosity is 2.40±0.10, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260～280℃.

The mass ratio of COPA (stent part) to PET (split part) is 30-50:70-50, the temperature of the spinning box is 285-295°C, the wind speed of side blowing is 0.4-0.6m/s; the speed of the first hot roller is 2000 -2400m/min, temperature 70-90℃; second hot roller speed 4000-4400m/min, temperature 120-140℃; oiling rate 0.8-1.0%, to produce 50-150dtex/36f split-type polyester nylon super Thin composite FDY.

The cross-section of the ultra-fine composite fiber prepared by the above process is composed of a "stent" and a "split", the sliver and the support are arranged concentrically, and the support is in the shape of a five-pointed star or a six-pointed star, and the slivers surround the support; The specification of fine composite fiber is 80～250dtex/36f.

Working principle of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:

(1) Using modified nylon (COPA) and polyester (PET) as raw materials, they are respectively melted and extruded through a screw extruder, and then enter into a two-component composite spinning equipment and sprayed from a spinneret hole with a six-pointed star or a five-pointed star After the melt is taken out, the one-step spinning method of cooling, oiling, drawing, heat setting, and winding is used to produce a split-type composite fiber (FDY) with modified nylon as the "stent" and PET as the "split". The fiber can be directly woven into fabrics without adding high-shrinkage fibers. In the process of alkali weight reduction, the modified nylon and polyester partly peel off, and in the subsequent high-temperature dyeing process, the modified nylon shrinks further, fine The denier polyester is wrapped around the modified nylon fibers, giving the final fabric a dense, crisp, full-bodied finish.

(2) In the present invention, the modified nylon is mainly composed of PA6, and the copolymerized modified nylon prepared by adding one or more monomers in PA66, PA1010, PA1012, PA1212, PA10, and PA11 forms a structural balance, Composite monomer with good compatibility, the melt formed by the monomer after melt extrusion has good compatibility with polyester melt, when passing through the spinneret hole of the spinneret of the two-component spinning assembly At the same time, the polyester PET as a "split" is well attached to the "stent" modified nylon while maintaining its own independence of components, so before peeling off, the two can still form a uniform structure without obvious detachment. Layer of fibers with good mechanical properties.

(3) In this application, the proportion of modified nylon in the "bracket" part is lower than that of the fine-denier polyester in the "split" part. During the alkali weight reduction process, the modified nylon and polyester parts are peeled off, and the proportion is small The integrity of the fiber will not be excessively affected during the shrinkage of the modified nylon, and it will ensure that the fine-denier polyester is wrapped around the modified nylon fiber, which can be used for high-grade suede, imitation peach skin, superfine fiber leather base cloth, high-density waterproof Production of fabrics, high-performance cleaning cloths, etc.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the first structural representation of the spinneret of the present application;

Fig. 2 is the second structural representation of the spinneret of the present application;

Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the present application.

Wherein the label: 1. bracket; 2. lobes.

detailed description

Example 1

The spinneret structure of the two-component spinning assembly used in this application can be seen in Figure 1 or Figure 2, wherein the support 1 is a six-pointed star or a five-pointed star, and the lobes 2 are distributed around the support 1.

Using modified nylon (COPA) and polyester (PET) as raw materials, wherein, referring to Figure 3, the modified nylon is crystallized and dried-1, melted by screw extruder-1, metered by metering pump-1 and sent to the double Component spinning unit, at the same time, after the polyester is melted by crystallization drying-2 and screw extruder-2, it is also sent to the two-component spinning unit after being metered by the metering pump-2, and is spun by the two-component spinning unit After extrusion, it is cooled by side air blowing, oiled, and then sent to FDY for winding after being shaped by the first hot roller and the second hot roller to form ultrafine composite fibers of modified nylon and polyester splitting type.

Below through specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.

Example 1

The relative viscosity of COPA (the relative viscosity is tested according to the standard of FZ/T 51004-2011 fiber-grade polycaprolactam slices) is 2.4, the melting point is 195°C, the moisture content of dry slices is less than 100ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260-280°C; the intrinsic viscosity of PET (Intrinsic viscosity according to GB/T 14190-2008, tested with phenol and tetrachloroethane 1:1 as solvent) is 0.685dl/g, the moisture content of dry slices is less than 50ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290°C.

The mass ratio of COPA to PET is 30:70, the cross-section of the fiber is hexagonal star (that is, the spinneret adopts the structure shown in Figure 1), the temperature of the spinning box is 285°C, and the side blowing wind speed is 0.4m/s; the first The speed of the hot roll is 2000m/min, and the temperature is 70°C; the speed of the second hot roll is 4000m/min, and the temperature is 120°C, and the 50dtex/36f different shrinkage polyester nylon ultra-fine composite FDY is obtained.

Example 2

The setting and working principle of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, the difference is that the relative viscosity of COPA is 2.4, the melting point is 200°C, the moisture content of the dry chip is less than 100ppm, the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260-280°C; the intrinsic viscosity of PET is 0.685dl /g, the moisture content of dry slices is less than 50ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290°C.

The mass ratio of COPA to PET is 40:60, the cross-section of the fiber is hexagonal star shape, the temperature of the spinning box is 290°C, and the wind speed of side blowing is 0.5m/s; the speed of the first hot roller is 2200m/min, and the temperature is 80°C; The hot roll speed is 4200m/min, the temperature is 130°C, and the 100dtex/36f different shrinkage polyester nylon ultra-fine composite FDY is prepared. Example 3

The setting and working principle of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, the difference is that the relative viscosity of COPA is 2.4, the melting point is 205°C, the moisture content of the dry chip is less than 100ppm, the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260-280°C; the intrinsic viscosity of PET is 0.685dl /g, the moisture content of dry slices is less than 50ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290°C.

The mass ratio of COPA to PET is 50:50, the cross section of the fiber is hexagonal star shape, the temperature of the spinning box is 295°C, and the wind speed of side blowing is 0.6m/s; the speed of the first hot roller is 2400m/min, and the temperature is 90°C; The hot roll speed is 4400m/min, the temperature is 140°C, and the different shrinkage polyester nylon ultrafine composite FDY of 150dtex/36f is obtained. Example 4

The setting and working principle of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, the difference is that the relative viscosity of COPA is 2.4, the melting point is 200°C, the moisture content of the dry chip is less than 100ppm, the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260-280°C; the intrinsic viscosity of PET is 0.685dl /g, the moisture content of dry slices is less than 50ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290°C.

The mass ratio of COPA to PET is 40:60, the cross-section of the fiber is a five-pointed star (that is, the spinneret adopts the structure shown in Figure 2), the temperature of the spinning box is 290°C; the speed of the first hot roller is 2200m/min, and the temperature 80°C; the speed of the second hot roller is 4200m/min, and the temperature is 130°C to prepare 100dtex/36f different shrinkage polyester nylon ultrafine composite FDY.

Comparative example 1

The intrinsic viscosity of conventional polyester is 0.685dl/g, the melting point is 258°C, the moisture content of dry chips is less than 50ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290°C; the relative viscosity of nylon 6 is 2.3, the moisture content of dry chips is less than 100ppm, and the temperature of each zone of the screw is 260-260～ 280°C.

The mass ratio of conventional polyester to nylon 6 is 40:60, the cross section of the fiber is five-pointed star, the temperature of the spinning box is 295°C, the wind speed of side blowing is 0.5m/s; the speed of the first hot roller is 2200m/min, and the temperature is 80°C ; The speed of the second hot roller is 4200m/min, the temperature is 130°C, and the conventional polyester-nylon composite FDY of 100dtex/36f is produced.

The fiber prepared by above-mentioned embodiment is carried out performance test, and its test standard is respectively:

(1) Breaking strength and elongation at break of fibers: Tested according to "GB/T 14344-2008 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Chemical Fiber Filament".

(2) Shrinkage rate of garters: Weave fibers into garters, and then treat them for 30 minutes at an alkali concentration of 2% and a temperature of 100°C, wash the garters with clean water, and then treat them for 30 minutes at 125°C to test the longitudinal direction of the garters and transverse shrinkage.

Shrinkage rate=(L ₀ -L)/L ₀ ×100%.

Wherein, L ₀ represents the longitudinal height or transverse width of the garter before processing, and L represents the longitudinal height or transverse width of the garter after shrinkage.

Table 1 Main preparation process and fiber physical index

Through the comparison of the examples and Table 1, it can be seen that the above-mentioned process uses modified nylon and polyester as the main raw materials, which are melted and extruded in different screw extruders respectively, and then enter the multi-component composite spinning equipment and Specially designed spinning assembly and spinneret, the melt composed of "support 1" and "split 2" is sprayed from the same spinneret as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2, cooled by side blowing, The one-step spinning method of oiling, drafting, heat setting and winding is used to produce different shrinkage splitting ultrafine composite fibers with modified nylon as "stent" and PET as "split". The fiber is split into ultra-fine fibers after alkali reduction, and because the modified nylon in the "stent 1" part has a high shrinkage rate, the shrinkage rate gradually increases during the alkali reduction and subsequent high-temperature dyeing process, " The fine-denier polyester in the 2” part of the split is wrapped around the modified nylon, so that the final fabric has a dense, crisp and plump effect, which can be used for high-grade suede, imitation jeanette, microfiber leather base fabric, high-density waterproof fabric , high-performance cleaning cloth, etc. production.

The above content is a further detailed description of the technical solutions provided in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to the above descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, On the premise of not departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, some simple deductions or substitutions can also be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fiber is characterized in that: modified nylon and polyester are used as raw materials. After the two raw materials are melted and extruded by different screw extruders, they enter the two-component spinning assembly at the same time. The resulting melt is then cooled, oiled, drawn, heat-set, and wound in one-step spinning method to produce a different shrinkage ultra-fine composite fiber with modified nylon as "stent" and polyester as "split". . 2. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fibers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the modified nylon is mainly composed of PA6, and is added by adding PA66, PA1010, PA1012, PA1212, PA10, PA11 A copolymer made of one or more monomers. 3. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fibers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the modified nylon is a copolymer formed by using PA6 as the main component and adding PA66 as a comonomer. 4. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: on the spinneret of the two-component spinning assembly, the spinneret hole area is composed of "supports" and "splits" , the bracket is in the shape of a six-pointed star or a five-pointed star. 5. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting point of the modified nylon is 195-205°C, and the relative viscosity is 2.4±0.10. 6. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester is 0.685±0.010 dl/g, and the water content of the chips is less than 50 ppm. 7. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the screw extruder, the temperature of each zone of the screw is 270-290 °C. 8. The processing technology of ultra-fine composite fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the spinning process is as follows: the mass ratio of modified nylon to polyester is 30-50:70-50, and the spinning The temperature of the box is 285~295 ℃, side blowing wind speed 0.4~0.6 m/s; the first hot roller speed 2000-2400 m/min, temperature 70-90 ℃; second hot roller speed 4000-4400 m/min, temperature 120-140 ℃; oiling rate 0.8-1.0%. 9. The ultra-fine composite fiber prepared by the processing technology according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the cross section of the ultra-fine composite fiber is made of support and lobes, and the lobes are coaxial with the support It is set, and the bracket is in the shape of a five-pointed star or a six-pointed star, and the lobes surround the bracket; the specification of the superfine composite fiber is 50-150 dtex/36f.