CN105855800A - Long shaft machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a long shaft machining method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a cutter, wherein the material of the cutter is w18cr4v, the cutting edge angle of the cutter is 75 degrees, the cutting edge inclination angle is 3 to 10 degrees, the front rake angle is 15 to 30 degrees, a chip breaker groove of which the radius R is 1.5mm is grinded, and the circular arc radius of the cutter point is smaller than or equal to 0.3mm; adjusting a machine tool, namely adjusting the coaxiality of a tailstock and a main shaft, and simultaneously adjusting the tightness degree of large, middle and small pull plates of the machine tool; performing rough turning, namely machining by adopting a low-speed reverse feeding cutting method, wherein during the machining process, the pre-tightening force at the tip is suitable for a hand to stop the rotation of the tip, and the contact pressure between supporting claws of a follow rest and a work piece should be appropriate as well; performing finish turning, namely lightly pressing down an operating lever to stop rotation of the main shaft under a normal cutting state of the machine tool after turning a certain length, and measuring by using a micrometer; cutting off a machining head, namely cutting off the machining head after the length of the work piece is guaranteed via finish turning. By adopting the long shaft machining method disclosed by the invention, vibration and bending deformation of the work piece are prevented during the long shaft machining process, the machining precision is guaranteed, and the rate of finished products is increased.

Description

A kind of major axis processing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of major axis processing method.

Background technology

Major axis is a kind of common workpiece, it is higher to dimensional accuracy and axiality requirement that major axis adds man-hour, but due to poor rigidity, in major axis process, workpiece is easily produced vibration and flexural deformation by the effect of centrifugal force when cutting force, deadweight, heat and rotation, and workpiece can be made time serious to block so that turning is difficult to carry out at top.Therefore ensure without rational processing technology and measure, have a strong impact on workpiece cylindricity and surface roughness, cause meeting the machining accuracy of workpiece thus satisfactory slender axles cannot be processed.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of major axis processing method, solve the problem that existing processing technology cannot meet the machining accuracy of workpiece.

The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of major axis processing method, comprises the following steps:

Prepare cutter: cutter material w18cr4v, cutter tool cutting edge angle 75 °, cutting edge inclination 3 ~ 10 °, anterior angle 15 ~ 30 ° also grinds the chip-breaker having R1.5, corner radius 0.3mm；

Adjust lathe: adjust the axiality of tailstock and main shaft, the most contour less than 0.03mm to lathe bed of spindle centerline and tailstock centre set taper hole center line, the tapering of main shaft and tailstock, in the range of 0.01 ~ 0.02/1000mm, adjusts the elasticity of the large, medium and small planker of lathe simultaneously；

Rough turn: to use the method for low-speed reverse feeding cutting to be processed, first by technique head, the other end centering of workpiece car one end 15 ~ 20mm length, technique head is contained on the chuck of lathe and service precision is high, rotate live center flexibly withstands centre bore, while one end car one groove, recessing of chuck, the length of workpiece is controlled at workpiece, a bit of cylindrical is gone out away from one end car of chuck again at groove, contact with the cylindrical that the adjustment of rotational speed follow-rest bearing claw of 400 ~ 600 n/min is gone out by light with workpiece, gradually pressurize, bearing claw is ground；In process, top pretightning force is wanted suitably, can hold with hand and stop top rotation and be advisable, the bearing claw of follow-rest and the pressure of absorption surface are also wanted suitably, when thermal deformation occurs, in addition to fully filling coolant, need often to cover a cutter to stop, unclamp the bearing claw of follow-rest with top, make top to retreat to workpiece end face position, dish moves chuck, with top for object of reference find out centre bore rotate time peak, tap gently away from one end of chuck at groove with red copper bar, when making centre bore rotate identical relative to top position, centre bore is withstood the most again with top, by ditch tank car once；

Finish turning: after the length that per car is certain, when the normal feed of lathe, presses control stick gently, make main shaft stop operating, measure with micrometer, during as being closely sized to allowance above nominal size, in the case of normal feed, tap middle carriage handle gently, carry out fine feed；

Cutting process head: when Cutting process head after the length that finish turning ensure that workpiece, when Cutting process head, workpiece is got rid of curved by the centrifugal action produced for preventing workpiece from rotating, and first by spindle hole diameter car one round log the through hole that bores ∮ 16, the other end of workpiece is put into the through hole of round log.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: after have employed the present invention, prevent Workpiece vibration and flexural deformation in major axis process, it is ensured that machining accuracy, improve yield rate.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the present invention is described further.

A kind of major axis processing method, comprises the following steps:

Prepare cutter: cutter material w18cr4v, cutter tool cutting edge angle 75 °, cutting edge inclination 3 ~ 10 °, anterior angle 15 ~ 30 ° also grinds the chip-breaker having R1.5, corner radius 0.3mm；

Adjust lathe: adjust the axiality of tailstock and main shaft, the most contour less than 0.03mm to lathe bed of spindle centerline and tailstock centre set taper hole center line, the tapering of main shaft and tailstock, in the range of 0.01 ~ 0.02/1000mm, adjusts the elasticity of the large, medium and small planker of lathe simultaneously；

Rough turn: to use the method for low-speed reverse feeding cutting to be processed, first by technique head, the other end centering of workpiece car one end 15 ~ 20mm length, technique head is contained on the chuck of lathe and service precision is high, rotate live center flexibly withstands centre bore, while one end car one groove, recessing of chuck, the length of workpiece is controlled at workpiece, a bit of cylindrical is gone out away from one end car of chuck again at groove, contact with the cylindrical that the adjustment of rotational speed follow-rest bearing claw of 400 ~ 600 n/min is gone out by light with workpiece, gradually pressurize, bearing claw is ground；In process, top pretightning force is wanted suitably, can hold with hand and stop top rotation and be advisable, the bearing claw of follow-rest and the pressure of absorption surface are also wanted suitably, when thermal deformation occurs, in addition to fully filling coolant, need often to cover a cutter to stop, unclamp the bearing claw of follow-rest with top, make top to retreat to workpiece end face position, dish moves chuck, with top for object of reference find out centre bore rotate time peak, tap gently away from one end of chuck at groove with red copper bar, when making centre bore rotate identical relative to top position, centre bore is withstood the most again with top, by ditch tank car once；

Finish turning: cause diameter of work bigger than normal and overproof for preventing the abrasion of lathe tool midway during finish turning, should be processed with workpiece size lower deviation.After the length that per car is certain, when the normal feed of lathe, press control stick gently, main shaft is made to stop operating, measure with micrometer, during as being closely sized to allowance above nominal size, in the case of normal feed, tap middle carriage handle gently, carry out fine feed, so ensure that the size of workpiece is in the required margin of tolerance；

Cutting process head: when Cutting process head after the length that finish turning ensure that workpiece, when Cutting process head, workpiece is got rid of curved by the centrifugal action produced for preventing workpiece from rotating, first by spindle hole diameter car one round log the through hole that bores ∮ 16, the other end of workpiece is put into the through hole of round log, workpiece so can be made to overcome centrifugal action when Cutting process head, and workpiece will not flexural deformation.

Those skilled in the art should know; the protection scheme of the present invention is not limited only to the above embodiments; various permutation and combination and conversion can also be carried out on the basis of above-described embodiment; on the premise of spirit of the present invention, the various conversion carrying out the present invention all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a major axis processing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

Prepare cutter: cutter material w18cr4v, cutter tool cutting edge angle 75 °, cutting edge inclination 3 ~ 10 °, anterior angle 15 ~ 30 ° also grinds the chip-breaker having R1.5, corner radius 0.3mm；

Adjust lathe: adjust the axiality of tailstock and main shaft, the most contour less than 0.03mm to lathe bed of spindle centerline and tailstock centre set taper hole center line, the tapering of main shaft and tailstock, in the range of 0.01 ~ 0.02/1000mm, adjusts the elasticity of the large, medium and small planker of lathe simultaneously；

Rough turn: to use the method for low-speed reverse feeding cutting to be processed, first by technique head, the other end centering of workpiece car one end 15 ~ 20mm length, technique head is contained on the chuck of lathe and service precision is high, rotate live center flexibly withstands centre bore, while one end car one groove, recessing of chuck, the length of workpiece is controlled at workpiece, a bit of cylindrical is gone out away from one end car of chuck again at groove, contact with the cylindrical that the adjustment of rotational speed follow-rest bearing claw of 400 ~ 600 n/min is gone out by light with workpiece, gradually pressurize, bearing claw is ground；In process, top pretightning force is wanted suitably, can hold with hand and stop top rotation and be advisable, the bearing claw of follow-rest and the pressure of absorption surface are also wanted suitably, when thermal deformation occurs, in addition to fully filling coolant, need often to cover a cutter to stop, unclamp the bearing claw of follow-rest with top, make top to retreat to workpiece end face position, dish moves chuck, with top for object of reference find out centre bore rotate time peak, tap gently away from one end of chuck at groove with red copper bar, when making centre bore rotate identical relative to top position, centre bore is withstood the most again with top, by ditch tank car once；

Finish turning: after the length that per car is certain, when the normal feed of lathe, presses control stick gently, make main shaft stop operating, measure with micrometer, during as being closely sized to allowance above nominal size, in the case of normal feed, tap middle carriage handle gently, carry out fine feed；

Cutting process head: when Cutting process head after the length that finish turning ensure that workpiece, when Cutting process head, workpiece is got rid of curved by the centrifugal action produced for preventing workpiece from rotating, and first by spindle hole diameter car one round log the through hole that bores ∮ 16, the other end of workpiece is put into the through hole of round log.