CN105837946B - 一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材 - Google Patents
一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，包括抗菌阻燃面层；所述的抗菌阻燃面层由下述重量份的原料制备而成：PP树脂90‑110份、氢氧化镁3‑13份、PP‑g‑MAH 0.3‑0.7份、无机抗菌剂1‑5份、抗静电剂0.5‑1.5份。本发明阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，通过合理的配比，优选出适合提高抗菌涂料抗菌性能的无机抗菌剂的种类及用量，提高了抗菌性能，并具有良好的抗静电、阻燃性能，降低了施工难度，节约了施工时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
背景技术
聚丙烯(Poyropylene，PP)已经被广泛应用于工业、农业、医疗、卫生等包装和日常生活的各个领域中，是目前世界高分子材料中用量最大、增长速度最快的一类产品，主要是由于其原料来源多、价格低、材料性能优良、电绝缘性和化学稳定性好，同时又具有易于加工成型的优点。虽然PP优点较多，但也有其不足，主要表现为韧性、耐低温、耐老化性能较差，且成型收缩率大、易燃烧，同时由于其非极性的特点，使其与其它极性聚合物、无机填料的相容性较差，从而限制了作为注塑、纤维、薄膜等制品的原料或专用料的应用。因此，为了拓展PP的应用领域，必须对PP进行改性，提高其性能。
按改性中是否发生了化学反应，可将聚丙烯的改性方法分为物理改性和化学改性；按使用功能可分为共混增韧改性、填充增强改性、功能化改性和阻燃改性。聚丙烯的物理改性主要通过加入其它聚合物、填料及相容剂，达到改善材料性能的目的，包括共混改性、无机粒子增强增韧改性和阻燃改性等。聚烯烃共混物研究和应用已得到了学术界与工业界的广泛关注和迅速发展。
聚合物改性的最简单的方法是无机粒子的填充改性。按尺寸大小，无机粒子可分为微米粒子、纳米粒子和晶须粒子三类。无机粒子的填充改性方法不仅能提高聚合物的刚度、硬度、模量、冲击韧性和热变形温度，还能降低成本。由于聚合物复合材料的强度和韧性主要受填料粒子的粒径、形状、以及基体与粒子间的界面粘结强度的影响，因此采用界面增韧剂或弹性体等与无机刚性粒子共同增强增韧PP，能有效提高材料韧性，同时使材料也具有较高的强度，最终实现PP增强与增韧。由此通过将无机粒子的超细化、纳米化和表面功能化，使填料转变为功能填料，与弹性体协同增加聚合物的强度与韧性已成为聚合物/无机填料复合材料的研究热点。
微米级无机刚性粒子改善PP的韧性，可在不降低其拉伸强度和刚性的同时，还能提高材料抗冲性能和热变形温度。纳米材料与技术从20世纪90年代开始兴起，逐渐使无机填料粒子向纳米化和功能化方向发展。纳米粒子填充聚合物必须实现纳米粒子与聚合物在纳米尺度上的均匀分散，才能达到较好的增强、增韧效果。因此，采用纳米粒子改性聚合物，应当进行适当的表面处理，降低粒子的表面能，并增加塑化过程中粒子与基体之间的界面相互作用，提高机械剪切力，最终达到纳米粒子均匀分散的效果。
本发明提供了一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，强度高，并具有优异的抗菌、抗静电、阻燃性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，包括抗菌阻燃面层。
优选地，所述的抗菌阻燃面层由下述重量份的原料制备而成：PP树脂90-110份、氢氧化镁3-13份、PP-g-MAH 0.3-0.7份、无机抗菌剂1-5份、抗静电剂0.5-1.5份。
优选地，所述的无机抗菌剂为氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的无机抗菌剂由氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌混合而成，所述氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的抗静电剂为三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中的一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵混合而成，所述三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材由玻璃纤维增强层和覆盖所述玻璃纤维增强层上下两表面的抗菌阻燃面层组成。
优选地，所述上下两表面的抗菌阻燃面层的厚度各自为0.3mm-0.8mm；玻璃纤维增强层的厚度为1mm-5mm。
优选地，所述的玻璃纤维增强层，包括PP树脂和玻璃纤维制备而成；所述的玻璃纤维增强层可以制备或购买得到，可以由下述重量份的原料制备而成：PP树脂90-110份、玻璃纤维5-15份、氢氧化铝1-10份。
本发明的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，通过合理的配比，优选出适合提高聚丙烯性能的无机抗菌剂的种类及用量，提高了抗菌性能，并具有良好的抗静电、阻燃性能，降低了施工难度，节约了施工时间。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，以下所述，仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做其他形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例中各原料介绍：
PP树脂：CAS号：9003-07-0，采用中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司生产的牌号为N-T30S的聚丙烯树脂。
PP-g-MAH，采用南京塑泰高分子科技有限公司生产的型号为g-5的PP-g-MAH。
玻璃纤维，CAS号：65997-17-3，采用安徽丹凤集团桐城玻璃纤维有限公司生产的无碱玻璃纤维，玻璃纤维直径为7μm，长度为50mm。
氢氧化镁，CAS号：1909-42-8，粒径为1-3μm。
氢氧化铝，CAS号：21645-51-2，粒径为1-3μm。
氧化铜，CAS号：1317-38-0，粒径20-40nm。
硅酸锌，CAS号：68611-47-2，粒径20-40nm。
氧化锌，CAS号：1314-13-2，粒径20-40nm。
三(2-氨基乙基)胺，CAS号：4097-89-6。
十八烷基三甲基氯化铵，CAS号：112-03-8。
双十烷基二甲基氯化铵，CAS号：7173-51-5。
实施例1
抗菌阻燃面层原料(重量份)：PP树脂100份、氢氧化镁8份、PP-g-MAH0.4份、无机抗菌剂3份、抗静电剂0.6份。
所述的无机抗菌剂由氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
抗菌阻燃面层制备：将PP树脂、氢氧化镁、PP-g-MAH、无机抗菌剂、抗静电剂混合至均匀状态，经过挤出机制备成厚度为0.5mm的抗菌阻燃面层。
玻璃纤维增强层原料(重量份)：PP树脂100份、玻璃纤维8份、氢氧化铝5份。
玻璃纤维增强层制备：将PP树脂、玻璃纤维、氢氧化铝混合至均匀状态，经过挤出机制备成厚度为3mm的玻璃纤维增强层。
阻燃增强聚丙烯板材制备：依次将抗菌阻燃面层、玻璃纤维增强层、抗菌阻燃面层按顺序铺设好，通过双钢带压机(上海罗肯工业科技有限公司生产的复合材料双钢带压机)加热、加压、冷却成型；加热区温度设置是260℃，加压辊压力设置0.5MPa。得到实施例1的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由硅酸锌、氧化锌按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例2的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由氧化铜、氧化锌按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由氧化铜、硅酸锌按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的抗静电剂由十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例5的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例6的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例7的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材。
测试例1
对实施例1-7的抗菌阻燃面层的抗菌性能进行测试，采用常规微生物杀菌力检测，大肠杆菌ATYCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538。具体测试结果见表1。
表1：抗菌阻燃面层的抗菌性能测试数据
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，在无机抗菌剂加入总量相同的情况下，实施例1(氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例2-4(氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7，在抗静电剂加入总量相同的情况下，实施例1(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例5-7(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
对实施例1-7抗菌阻燃面层的电阻率进行测试，按照GB/T 1410-2006进行。具体结果见表2。
表2：抗菌阻燃面层的抗静电性能测试表
| 表面电阻率/Ω | |
| 实施例1 | 0.6×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例2 | 1.3×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例3 | 1.4×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例4 | 1.1×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例5 | 1.9×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例6 | 1.6×10<sup>8</sup> |
| 实施例7 | 1.8×10<sup>8</sup> |
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，在无机抗菌剂加入总量相同的情况下，实施例1(氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌复配)抗静电性能明显优于实施例2-4(氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7，在抗静电剂加入总量相同的情况下，实施例1(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵复配)抗静电性能明显优于实施例5-7(三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵中任意二者复配)。
Claims (3)
1.一种阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，其特征在于：包括抗菌阻燃面层；
所述的抗菌阻燃面层由下述重量份的原料制备而成：PP树脂90-110份、氢氧化镁3-13份、PP-g-MAH 0.3-0.7份、无机抗菌剂1-5份、抗静电剂0.5-1.5份；
所述的无机抗菌剂由氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌混合而成，所述氧化铜、硅酸锌、氧化锌的质量比为1：1：1；
所述的抗静电剂由三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵混合而成，所述三(2-氨基乙基)胺、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵的质量比为1：1：1。
2.如权利要求1所述的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，其特征在于：所述的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材由玻璃纤维增强层和覆盖所述玻璃纤维增强层上下两表面的抗菌阻燃面层组成。
3.如权利要求2所述的阻燃增强聚丙烯板材，其特征在于：所述上下两表面的抗菌阻燃面层的厚度各自为0.3mm-0.8mm；玻璃纤维增强层的厚度为1mm-5mm。
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