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CN105816259A - 柔性膝关节假体 - Google Patents

柔性膝关节假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105816259A
CN105816259A CN201610336178.2A CN201610336178A CN105816259A CN 105816259 A CN105816259 A CN 105816259A CN 201610336178 A CN201610336178 A CN 201610336178A CN 105816259 A CN105816259 A CN 105816259A
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flexible
flexible gasket
prosthesis
femoral condyle
tibial plateau
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张卫平
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Beijing AK Medical Co Ltd
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Beijing AK Medical Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3836—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3859—Femoral components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3877—Patellae or trochleae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/389—Tibial components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30448—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30451—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements soldered or brazed or welded

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨平台，所述股骨髁假体和胫骨平台之间设置有柔性垫片，柔性垫片固定在胫骨平台上，柔性垫片支撑股骨髁假体，随着股骨髁假体的旋转，所述柔性垫片产生适应性变形，保持与股骨髁假体的接触部位为面接触。由于柔性垫片采用超高分子量聚乙烯制成，在压力作用下关节面会产生变形以适应并贴合股骨髁假体屈曲旋转后的形变，由此显著减轻了对胫骨平台的磨损。

Description

柔性膝关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性膝关节假体，具体涉及应用在人体膝关节部位股骨髁假体与胫骨平台之间的柔性垫片。
背景技术
人工膝关节置换手术中所使用的膝关节假体，在股骨一侧通常采用医用金属制作股骨髁假体，例如不锈钢或钴合金，胫骨侧则采用超高分子量聚乙烯制作垫片（胫骨平台）；出于膝关节运动学的需要股骨髁假体金属关节面一般会被设计成复杂的连续空间曲面，但是胫骨侧的超高分子量聚乙烯关节面垫片则只能设计成按照某一特定位置（例如直立位）时与股骨侧关节面有较高吻合度的曲面，以保证直立时的稳定。
但是当膝关节开始屈曲运动时，上下两个表面的接触面积会急剧减少甚至在某些位置理论上只剩一条接触线了，这时局部压强会非常高，这也是导致关节面磨损加快的一个重要原因。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性膝关节假体，在股骨髁假体与胫骨平台之间设置柔性垫片，柔性垫片采用超高分子量聚乙烯制成，在压力作用下关节面会产生变形以适应并贴合股骨髁假体屈曲旋转后的形变，由此显著减轻了对胫骨平台的磨损。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
柔性膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨平台，所述股骨髁假体和胫骨平台之间设置有柔性垫片，柔性垫片固定在胫骨平台上，柔性垫片支撑股骨髁假体，随着股骨髁假体的旋转，所述柔性垫片产生适应性变形，保持与股骨髁假体的接触部位为面接触。
进一步，所述柔性垫片为中空体，内腔充满填充液。
进一步，所述柔性垫片采用超高分子量聚乙烯制成，所述填充液采用生理盐水或纯化水。
进一步，所述柔性垫片中设置有纤维加强层。
进一步，所述柔性垫片包括壳体和封盖，封盖上设置有注入孔和排气孔，向内腔注入填充液之后密封所述注入孔和排气孔。
进一步，将所述封盖和壳体采用粘接剂对合粘接，或者使用超声波焊接将两部分对接形成密闭的内部空腔。
进一步，所述胫骨平台上设置有固定槽，所述柔性垫片设置在所述固定槽中。
进一步，所述柔性垫片带有裙边，裙边上设置连接孔，通过螺钉固定在胫骨平台上。
采用上述结构设置的柔性膝关节假体具有以下优点：
随着股骨髁假体的旋转，柔性垫片会产生适应性变形，保持与股骨髁假体的接触部位为面接触，由此显著减轻了对胫骨平台的磨损，对柔性垫片自身的磨损非常轻微。
本发明延长了膝关节假体的使用寿命，可以减少患者后期手术次数，减轻患者的痛苦，并为患者节省治疗费用。
虽然柔性垫片是中空的，由于液体的不可压缩特性，所以超高分子量聚乙烯关节面垫片的可变形上表面仍可从中空腔内液体获得足够的支撑力。
由于采用了柔性垫片，在假体中具有缓冲作用，能够减轻膝关节假体与人体的生理差异，提高对假体的适应性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的分解图；
图2为本发明实施例1的分解图；
图3为本发明实施例2的分解图；
图4为本发明实施例2的分解图；
图5为本发明所采用柔性垫片的制造工艺示意图；
图6为本发明所采用柔性垫片的制造工艺示意图；
图7为本发明所采用柔性垫片的制造工艺示意图；
图8为本发明实施例3的分解图；
图9为本发明实施例1的分解图。
图中：1.股骨髁假体；2.柔性垫片；2-1.纤维加强层；2-2.封盖；2-3.注入孔；2-4.排气孔；2-5.裙边；2-6.固定槽；3.胫骨平台；3-1.固定槽；4.填充液；5.螺钉。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达到预定技术目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图和较佳实施例，对本发明的结构、特征以及功效详细说明如下。
实施例1
如图1、图2所示为本发明的一个实施例，该实施例中的柔性膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体1和胫骨平台3，股骨髁假体1和胫骨平台3之间设置有柔性垫片2，柔性垫片2固定在胫骨平台3上，柔性垫片2支撑股骨髁假体1，随着股骨髁假体1的旋转，柔性垫片2产生适应性变形，保持与股骨髁假体1的接触部位为面接触。
柔性垫片2为中空体，内腔充满填充液4。
柔性垫片2采用超高分子量聚乙烯制成，填充液4采用生理盐水或纯化水，这样即便发生泄漏也不会对人体健康造成损害。
柔性垫片2包括壳体和封盖2-2，封盖2-2上设置有注入孔2-3和排气孔2-4，向内腔注入填充液之后用封堵剂密封注入孔2-3和排气孔2-4。
将封盖2-2和壳体采用粘接剂对合粘接，或者使用超声波焊接将两部分对接形成密闭的内部空腔。
为了固定柔性垫片2，胫骨平台3上设置有固定槽3-1，如图9所示，柔性垫片2设置在该固定槽中，相应地，柔性垫片2上也设置固定槽2-6，作为优化设计，固定槽2-6和固定槽3-1可以卡接，这样柔性垫片2在胫骨平台3上安装更牢固。
实施例2
如图3、图4所示为本发明实施例2，在本实施例中，柔性垫片2中设置有纤维加强层2-1。通过设置纤维加强层2-1，提高了柔性垫片2的强度，有效防止腔体被挤压破裂。
如图5所示为柔性垫片2的制作过程，具体通过模压方法分别制作，超高分子量聚乙烯关节面垫片制作成封盖和中空形式壳体，在封盖上预留两个小孔以备注入液体和排出残存气体。将封盖和壳体采用粘接剂对合粘接或者使用超声波焊接等方法将两部分牢固对接已形成密闭的内部空腔，用注射器将生理盐水或纯化水等液体从一个小孔注入，内腔残存气体会从另一小孔排出；液体注满后用封堵剂将两个小孔封住。
实施例3
如图8所示为本发明实施例3，在本实施例中，柔性垫片2带有裙边2-5，裙边2-5上设置连接孔，然后通过螺钉5将柔性垫片2固定在胫骨平台3上，相应地，胫骨平台3上可以设置螺纹孔。
上面所述只是为了说明本发明，应该理解为本发明并不局限于以上实施例，符合本发明思想的各种变通形式均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.柔性膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨平台，其特征在于，所述股骨髁假体和胫骨平台之间设置有柔性垫片，柔性垫片固定在胫骨平台上，柔性垫片支撑股骨髁假体，随着股骨髁假体的旋转，所述柔性垫片产生适应性变形，保持与股骨髁假体的接触部位为面接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述柔性垫片为中空体，内腔充满填充液。
3.如权利要求2所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述柔性垫片采用超高分子量聚乙烯制成，所述填充液采用生理盐水或纯化水。
4.如权利要求2所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述柔性垫片中设置有纤维加强层。
5.如权利要求2所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述柔性垫片包括壳体和封盖，封盖上设置有注入孔和排气孔，向内腔注入填充液之后密封所述注入孔和排气孔。
6.如权利要求5所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，将所述封盖和壳体采用粘接剂对合粘接，或者使用超声波焊接将两部分对接形成密闭的内部空腔。
7.如权利要求1所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述胫骨平台上设置有固定槽，所述柔性垫片设置在所述固定槽中。
8.如权利要求1所述的柔性膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述柔性垫片带有裙边，裙边上设置连接孔，通过螺钉固定在胫骨平台上。
CN201610336178.2A 2016-05-20 2016-05-20 柔性膝关节假体 Pending CN105816259A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106725818A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-31 广东工业大学 一种用于制作膝关节骨水泥间隔器股骨部件的模具
CN108095862A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-01 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 单髁假体
CN110074900A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2019-08-02 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 关节垫片假体及具有其的关节假体

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