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CN105804748A - Method for mining hanging wall ore by subareas under open-air transportation system - Google Patents

Method for mining hanging wall ore by subareas under open-air transportation system Download PDF

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CN105804748A
CN105804748A CN201610211823.8A CN201610211823A CN105804748A CN 105804748 A CN105804748 A CN 105804748A CN 201610211823 A CN201610211823 A CN 201610211823A CN 105804748 A CN105804748 A CN 105804748A
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CN105804748B (en
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徐帅
李坤蒙
张驰
李元辉
唐忠伟
闫腾飞
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Northeastern University China
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
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    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor

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Abstract

本发明属于金属矿床地下开采技术领域,具体涉及一种露天运输系统下分区开采挂帮矿的方法。本发明首先根据挂帮矿的矿体的走向划分开采区域,以露天运输系统的运输道为分割标准,运输道一侧靠近露天上边坡的挂帮矿区域作为第一分区,位于运输道下方的挂帮矿区域作为第二分区,将运输道另一侧向露天下边坡延伸的挂帮矿区域划分为N个开采区域,N≥1,在开采前对露天边坡加固,最后按照区域划分,从第一分区开始对每个分区依次进行开采,其中每个分区内按照矿体垂直方向,采用进路充填采矿法自下向上进行分层回采。本发明能够对露天运输道路下挂帮矿进行安全高效回收,并对边坡形成永久保护。

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining of metal ore deposits, and in particular relates to a method for mining hanging side ore in sections under an open-pit transportation system. In the present invention, the mining area is firstly divided according to the direction of the ore body of the hanging side mine, and the transportation road of the open-pit transportation system is used as the division standard. The hanging side mine area is used as the second division, and the hanging side mine area extending to the open slope on the other side of the transport road is divided into N mining areas, N≥1. The open pit slope is reinforced before mining, and finally divided according to the area. Starting from the first sub-area, each sub-area is mined sequentially, and in each sub-area, according to the vertical direction of the ore body, the approach filling mining method is used to carry out layered mining from bottom to top. The invention can safely and efficiently recover the hanging side mines of the open-pit transportation road, and form permanent protection for the side slope.

Description

一种露天运输系统下分区开采挂帮矿的方法A method for mining hanging side mines by partition under an open-pit transportation system

技术领域technical field

本发明属于金属矿床地下开采技术领域,具体涉及一种露天运输系统下分区开采挂帮矿的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining of metal ore deposits, and in particular relates to a method for mining hanging side ore in sections under an open-pit transportation system.

背景技术Background technique

露天开采是依照矿体赋存特征和经济合理剥采比来确定最终境界的,然而由于矿脉赋存情况并不规则,很难将全部矿体圈入露天开采境界内进行开采。据有关统计资料显示,遗留在露天边坡下的挂帮矿资源量约占露天开采总储量的5~16%。挂帮矿如不进行回收,势必造成资源严重浪费。但由于露天开采循环扰动的影响,露天边坡处于一种复杂的应力平衡状态,挂帮矿的回收将产生更加复杂的次生应力场,极易打破露天边坡的稳定状态,引起边坡的变形和破坏,严重者导致边坡失稳、滑坡等重大工程灾害。Open-pit mining determines the final boundary according to the occurrence characteristics of the ore body and the economically reasonable stripping ratio. However, due to the irregular occurrence of ore veins, it is difficult to enclose all ore bodies within the open-pit mining boundary for mining. According to the relevant statistical data, the hanging side ore resources left under the open-pit slope account for about 5-16% of the total open-pit mining reserves. If the hanging side ore is not recycled, it will inevitably cause a serious waste of resources. However, due to the influence of the open-pit mining cycle disturbance, the open-pit slope is in a complex state of stress balance, and the recovery of the hanging side mine will produce a more complex secondary stress field, which can easily break the stable state of the open-pit slope and cause slope damage. Deformation and damage, severe cases lead to major engineering disasters such as slope instability and landslides.

国内外针对露天转地下挂帮矿的回收方法开展了大量研究,其主要有露天和地下开采两种方式。就露天开采来说又分为两种形式,一是在保证最终边坡角不变的情况下,扩大开采最终境界,将境界外的挂帮矿纳入到露天开采范围内,通过扩帮作业,剥离废石,揭露挂帮资源,马钢南山铁矿凹山采场,本钢南芬铁矿都属此类;二是保持境界不变,通过并段或减小运输、安全平台宽度等措施,在保证边坡稳定的条件下提高最终边坡角,揭露挂帮资源,首钢水厂铁矿,大冶铁矿北帮挂帮矿以及加拿大EquitySliverMine等均采用了这种方法。露天开采挂帮矿的方法通常适用于最终境界形成之前,而对于最终境界已经形成且又无法通过并段作业提供挂帮矿露天开采的作业空间时,只能采用地下开采方式进行回收。当露天边坡无需保护,挂帮矿回收可采用无底柱分段崩落法,通过崩落边坡形成覆盖层,既处理了边坡,又为崩落法放矿创造了条件,鞍钢矿业眼前山铁矿挂帮矿回收、太钢集团峨口铁矿北翼挂帮矿体开采、武钢集团大冶铁矿挂帮矿的回收等均属于这种情况。当边坡需要保护时,挂帮矿回收多采用浅孔留矿、分段矿房等空场嗣后充填法以及分层充填法进行开采,大冶铁矿尖山矿区,谷山铁矿挂帮矿,通钢集团板石沟铁矿等均属此类。At home and abroad, a lot of research has been carried out on the recovery methods of open-pit to underground hanging side mines, which mainly include open-pit and underground mining. As far as open-pit mining is concerned, it can be divided into two forms. One is to expand the final boundary of mining while ensuring that the final slope angle remains unchanged. Stripping waste rocks, exposing hanging side resources, Maanshan Iron and Steel Nanshan Iron Mine’s concave stope, Benxi Iron and Steel’s Nanfen Iron Mine belong to this category; the second is to keep the boundary unchanged, through measures such as merging or reducing the width of transportation and safety platforms , to increase the final slope angle under the condition of ensuring slope stability, and to expose the hanging side resources. This method has been adopted by Shougang Shuichang Iron Mine, Daye Iron Mine North Side Hanging Side Mine, and Canadian EquitySliverMine. The open-pit mining method of hanging side ore is usually suitable before the final boundary is formed, and when the final boundary has been formed and the working space for open-pit mining of hanging side ore cannot be provided through parallel operations, underground mining can only be used for recovery. When the open-pit slope does not need to be protected, the bottom-pillar-free segmented caving method can be used for the recovery of the hanging side ore, and the covering layer is formed through the caving slope, which not only treats the slope, but also creates conditions for the ore drawing method of the caving method. Anshan Iron and Steel Mining This is the case for the recovery of the hanging side ore, the mining of the hanging side ore body in the north wing of the Ekou Iron Mine of the Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group, and the recovery of the hanging side ore of the Daye Iron Mine of the Wuhan Iron and Steel Group. When the slope needs to be protected, the recovery of hanging side mines is mostly carried out by shallow-hole ore retention, segmented mines and other open-site filling methods and layered filling methods. Daye Iron Mine Jianshan mining area, Gushan Iron Mine hanging side mine, Banshigou Iron Mine of Tonghua Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. belongs to this category.

随着开采深度的加大,国内外许多露天矿山陆续转入地下开采,如杏山铁矿、峨口铁矿、黑山铁矿和归来庄金矿等,在露天转地下开采过渡过程中,由于两种开采方式在时间和空间上的相关性,地下开采过程中可以借助露天开采的相关工程来节约地下工程投资,加快地下工程生产的进度。如地下开采的斜坡道布设在露天坑内,借助露天运输系统,来减少斜坡道长度。因此,在保证露天运输系统乃至整个边坡工程稳定的条件下,如何安全高效的回收运输系统下挂帮矿,对于降低整个矿山开采成本,保证矿山安全生产具有重大的意义。现有的挂帮矿回收方法虽然在开采过程中也通过保留矿柱或对采空区进行充填来减少对边坡扰动,但是,针对露天高陡边坡和运输道路下挂帮矿的回收,特别是要保证露天运输道路长期安全、高陡边坡永久稳定的条件下,安全、高效回收挂帮矿,同时对边坡进行永久加固治理的研究尚未有报道。With the increase of mining depth, many open-pit mines at home and abroad have gradually turned to underground mining, such as Xingshan Iron Mine, Ekou Iron Mine, Heishan Iron Mine and Guilaizhuang Gold Mine. During the transition process from open-pit to underground mining, due to The correlation between the two mining methods in time and space, in the process of underground mining, related projects of open-pit mining can be used to save investment in underground engineering and speed up the progress of underground engineering production. For example, the ramps mined underground are laid in the open pit, and the length of the ramps can be reduced by means of the open-pit transportation system. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the stability of the open-pit transportation system and even the entire slope project, how to safely and efficiently recover the hanging side mines under the transportation system is of great significance for reducing the mining cost of the entire mine and ensuring safe production in the mine. Although the existing methods for recovering sidewall mines also reduce disturbance to the slope by retaining ore pillars or filling goafs during the mining process, however, for the recovery of sidewall mines under open-pit high and steep slopes and transport roads, In particular, under the conditions of ensuring the long-term safety of open-pit transportation roads and the permanent stability of high and steep slopes, there are no reports on the safe and efficient recovery of hanging side mines and the permanent reinforcement of slopes.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种露天运输系统下分区开采挂帮矿的方法,目的是对露天运输道路下挂帮矿进行安全高效回收,并对边坡形成永久保护。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for mining sidewall mines under the open-pit transportation system in partitions, the purpose of which is to safely and efficiently recover the sidewall mines under the open-pit transportation road and to form permanent protection for the slope.

实现本发明目的的技术方案按照以下步骤进行:The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:

(1)开采区域划分:根据挂帮矿的矿体的走向划分开采区域,以露天运输系统的运输道为分割标准,运输道一侧靠近露天下边坡的挂帮矿区域作为第一分区,位于运输道下方的挂帮矿区域作为第二分区,将运输道另一侧向露天上边坡延伸的挂帮矿区域划分为N个开采区域,N≥1;(1) Mining area division: The mining area is divided according to the direction of the ore body of the hanging side mine, and the transportation lane of the open-pit transportation system is used as the division standard. The hanging side mine area under the transport road is used as the second partition, and the hanging side mine area extending to the open-pit upper slope on the other side of the transport road is divided into N mining areas, N≥1;

(2)露天边坡加固:对露天边坡治理加固,首先清理露天边坡表面浮石,然后施工锚杆,对局部破碎区域挂设金属网,预留出挂帮矿运输巷道出口,砌筑边坡混凝土模板护坡,最后在露天边坡剩余裸露区域进行混凝土喷浆支护;(2) Open-pit slope reinforcement: For the treatment and reinforcement of the open-air slope, firstly clean the pumice on the surface of the open-air slope, then construct anchor rods, hang metal mesh on the partially broken area, reserve the exit of the hanging side mine transportation roadway, and build the edge Slope protection with concrete formwork, and finally concrete shotcrete support in the remaining exposed areas of the open-air slope;

(3)挂帮矿回采:按照分步骤(1)中的区域划分,从第一分区开始对每个分区依次进行开采,其中每个分区内按照矿体垂直方向,采用进路充填采矿法自下向上进行分层回采。(3) Back mining of hanging wall mine: According to the regional division in sub-step (1), each sub-area is mined sequentially from the first sub-area, and in each sub-area according to the vertical direction of the ore body, the approach filling mining method is adopted to automatically mine. Layered mining is carried out from bottom to top.

所述的每个分区内按照矿体垂直方向,采用进路充填采矿法自下向上进行分层回采具体按照以下步骤进行:According to the vertical direction of the ore body in each sub-area, adopting the approach filling mining method to carry out layered mining from bottom to top, specifically according to the following steps:

自第一分区开始,首先设计回采进路,从中间进路开始进行自下向上的分层掘进式回采,掘进式回采凿岩采用气腿式浅孔凿岩,辅助采用局扇压入式通风,炮孔布置与平巷掘进布孔方式相同,采用楔形掏槽,辅助孔和周边孔依次延时起爆,完成一次落矿过程,第一分层出矿采用电动铲运机,第二分层及以上采用人工推车,将每次崩落矿石全部运出,为下次爆破提供相应补偿空间;第一分区中间进路第一分层回采至第一、二分区交界位置时停止向前掘进,在垂直矿体方向拉开联络横巷至上下盘矿岩交界位置,并于上盘矿岩交界处施工人行通风充填井,于矿体下盘矿岩交界处施工矿石溜井,施工完毕后,在中间进路和联络横巷分别架设钢拱架模板,并用水泥与尾砂料重量比为1:4的混凝土,以下简称为1:4混凝土进行填充,形成人工假巷,至此,完成第一分区第一分层中间进路回采及第一、二分区间的采准工程施工作业,为上分层的矿石回采提供条件;Starting from the first partition, the mining approach is designed first, and the layered excavation mining is carried out from the middle of the approach. The excavation mining rock drilling adopts the air leg shallow hole rock drilling, and the partial fan press-in ventilation is used as an auxiliary , the layout of the blastholes is the same as that of the level roadway excavation. The wedge-shaped cut is adopted, and the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are detonated in sequence to complete a process of ore falling. And above, manual carts are used to transport all the ore out of each caving, so as to provide corresponding compensation space for the next blasting; when the first layer mining in the middle of the first partition reaches the junction of the first and second partitions, the forward excavation is stopped. In the vertical direction of the ore body, the connecting cross roadway is opened to the junction of the upper and lower walls of the ore and rock, and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft is constructed at the junction of the upper and lower walls of the ore and rock, and the ore slide shaft is constructed at the junction of the ore and rock of the footwall of the ore body. Set up steel arch formworks in the middle approach and connecting cross alleys, and fill them with concrete with a weight ratio of cement and tailings of 1:4, hereinafter referred to as 1:4 concrete, to form artificial false alleys. So far, the first division is completed The mining in the middle of the first layer and the construction of the mining project between the first and second zones provide conditions for the ore recovery of the upper layer;

然后从第一分层中间进路两侧以相同的进路尺寸自联络横巷向露天边坡方向采用进路法进行回采,隔一采一,回采完毕后在露天边坡预先砌筑的混凝土模板上接续架设模板,封堵进路出口采用1:4的混凝土进行充填,为了开采其他分区时矿石运输需要,第一分层的人工假巷不进行充填,待第一分区第一分层充填完毕后,通过人行通风充填井进入上一分层,施工该分层的联络横巷,同时连通矿石溜井与人行通风充填井,为第二分层回采提供两个安全出口;Then, from the two sides of the middle approach road of the first layer, the approach method is used to carry out mining from the connecting cross roadway to the open-air slope with the same approach size, and mining is carried out at intervals. After the mining is completed, the pre-built concrete on the open-air slope The formwork is erected continuously on the formwork, and the entrance and exit are blocked with 1:4 concrete for filling. In order to meet the needs of ore transportation when mining other areas, the artificial false roadway of the first layer will not be filled, and the first layer of the first area will be filled. After the completion, enter the upper layer through the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft, construct the connecting cross road of this layer, and connect the ore chute and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft at the same time, providing two safety exits for the second layer mining;

第一分区第二分层的回采工作从第二分层联络横巷的拉开开始,在第一分层联络横巷的端部上下盘围岩中分别向上施工矿石溜井和人行通风充填井,在矿石溜井中垂直矿体方向施工上一分层联络横巷,联通人行通风充填井,完成第二分层的采准工作后,架设钢拱架模板,并用1:4混凝土进行充填,形成混凝土人工假巷,待达到预定强度以后从中间进路开始回采第二分层挂帮矿,凿岩、爆破方式与第一分层相同,运搬采用人工推车方式将崩落矿石经人工假巷运至矿石溜井放至第一分层,待第二分层回采完毕以后,同样在露天边坡预先砌筑的混凝土模板上接续架设模板,而在联络横巷两侧的矿石溜井与人行通风充填井上接续套接铁皮套筒至上一分层,封堵进路出口采用1:4混凝土和废石胶结充填;The mining work of the second layer in the first sub-area starts from the opening of the connecting roadway of the second layer, and the ore chute and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft are respectively constructed upwards in the surrounding rock at the end of the connecting roadway of the first layer. In the ore shaft, the vertical ore body is constructed in the upper layer to connect the horizontal roadway, and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft is connected. After the mining work of the second layer is completed, the steel arch formwork is erected and filled with 1:4 concrete to form concrete. Artificial false roadway, after the predetermined strength is reached, the second layer of hanging side mines will be mined from the middle road. The rock drilling and blasting methods are the same as those of the first layer. Put the ore chute to the first layer. After the second layer is mined, the formwork is also erected on the pre-built concrete formwork of the open-air slope, and the ore chute and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft on both sides of the connecting roadway are connected. Connect the iron sleeve to the upper layer, and fill the inlet and outlet with 1:4 concrete and waste rock;

第一分区其他分层的回采参照第二分层的回采方式首先垂直矿体施工联络横巷,施工完毕后,架设钢拱架模板并进行充填形成人工假巷,待人工假巷达到一定强度后拆除模板,进行挂帮矿的分进路回采,最后在露天边坡预先砌筑的混凝土模板上接续架设模板,在联络横巷两侧的矿石溜井与人行通风充填井上接续套接铁皮套筒至上一分层,封堵进路出口进行充填,重复之前步骤直至完成第一分区所有分层的回采工作;The mining method of the other layers in the first subregion refers to the mining method of the second layer. First, the vertical ore body construction is connected with the horizontal roadway. After the construction is completed, the steel arch formwork is erected and filled to form an artificial false roadway. After the artificial false roadway reaches a certain strength Dismantle the formwork, carry out the mining of the side road mine, and finally erect the formwork on the pre-built concrete formwork of the open-pit slope, and connect the iron sleeves on the ore chute and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft on both sides of the connecting cross alley. In the first layer, the inlet and outlet are blocked for filling, and the previous steps are repeated until the recovery work of all layers in the first subregion is completed;

第一分区回采完毕,将第一分区人工假巷延伸到下一分区边界,并架设钢拱架模板,采用1:4的混凝土进行充填,形成第二分区第一分层中间进路人工假巷,由于第二分区位于露天运输系统运输道正下方,因此,第二分区的回采施工均采用小进尺掘进,减小爆破振动影响,第二分区的回采利用第一分区回采时候施工的联络横巷、矿石溜井和人行通风充填井进行开采,第一分层回采时,类似于第一分区,采用进路回采,隔一采一,回采完毕,封堵进路出口,进行接顶充填,待本分层最后一条进路回采完毕后,封堵联络横巷与矿石溜井、人行通风天井的联接口,将本层联络横巷和最后一条进路一起进行接顶充填,其余分层开采方法类似于第一分层;After the mining of the first subarea is completed, the artificial false roadway of the first subdivision will be extended to the border of the next subdivision, and the steel arch formwork will be erected, filled with 1:4 concrete to form the artificial false alleyway of the middle approach of the first layer of the second subdivision , because the second subarea is located directly under the transport road of the open-air transportation system, the mining construction of the second subarea adopts small-scale excavation to reduce the impact of blasting vibration, and the mining of the second subarea uses the connecting cross roadway constructed during the mining of the first subarea , ore chutes and pedestrian ventilation filling shafts are mined. When mining in the first layer, it is similar to the first subdivision. It adopts the approach mining, mining one at a time. After the last approach of stratification is mined, the joints of the connecting cross entry, the ore chute and the pedestrian ventilation patio are blocked, and the connecting cross entry and the last approach of this layer are connected to the roof and filled together. The rest of the layered mining methods are similar to first layer;

第二分区回采完毕以后,将人工假巷沿矿体走向延伸至下一分区边界,并垂直矿体施工联络横巷,在矿体下盘施工矿石溜井,矿体上盘施工人行通风充填井,然后架设钢拱架模板并用1:4的混凝土进行充填形成人工假巷,然后仿照先前分区回采工艺过程,直到将所有的矿体回收完毕,由于第二分区回采完毕以后,运输系统下部矿体已经被高强度混凝土充填体置换完毕,因此下一分区及之后的分区回采作业对边坡的影响作用较小,因此回采采用大进尺,回采完毕后采用1:10的混凝土进行充填,直到所有分区回采充填完毕。After the mining of the second division is completed, the artificial false roadway will be extended along the ore body to the boundary of the next division, and the vertical ore body will be constructed to connect the horizontal roadway, the ore slip shaft will be constructed at the footwall of the ore body, and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft will be constructed at the ore body upper wall. Then set up the steel arch formwork and fill it with 1:4 concrete to form an artificial false roadway, and then follow the previous sub-regional mining process until all the ore bodies are recovered. After the second sub-regional mining is completed, the ore body in the lower part of the transportation system has already been recovered. It has been replaced by the high-strength concrete filling body, so the mining operations in the next sub-area and subsequent sub-areas have little impact on the slope, so large-scale mining is adopted, and 1:10 concrete is used for filling after mining is completed, until all sub-areas are mined Filling is complete.

与现有技术相比,本发明的特点和有益效果是:Compared with prior art, feature and beneficial effect of the present invention are:

(1)本发明针对挂帮矿受其上覆露天运输系统影响而在开采时又必须予以保护的情况,为了尽可能削减其影响,将挂帮矿体按照延伸方向分成不同分区进行回采,使得在进行露天运输系统下矿体回采时其先前分区已开采完毕并进行充填,形成一个有力的人工混凝土矿柱,在隔离露天坑与内部矿体间联系的同时,也为内部矿体的回收提供了条件,使露天运输系统下挂帮矿的回收对露天运输系统的影响大幅降低;(1) This invention aims at the situation that the hanging side mine is affected by the overlying open-pit transportation system and must be protected during mining. In order to reduce the impact as much as possible, the hanging side ore body is divided into different partitions according to the extension direction for mining, so that When the ore body is mined under the open-pit transportation system, the previous partitions have been mined and filled to form a powerful artificial concrete pillar, which not only isolates the connection between the open pit and the internal ore body, but also provides for the recovery of the internal ore body. The conditions are met, so that the impact of the recovery of the hanging side ore under the open-pit transportation system on the open-pit transportation system is greatly reduced;

(2)由于受并段开采以及长期风化和雨水侵蚀作用,高陡边坡存在较大安全隐患,挂帮矿开采扰动势必增加边坡失稳发生的概率,本发明在对挂帮矿回收前即对露天边坡相关区域进行处理,既为挂帮矿资源的回收创造良好条件,同时也为中长期边坡维护,安全稳定奠定了基础;(2) Due to combined section mining and long-term weathering and rain erosion, high and steep slopes have great potential safety hazards, and the disturbance of hanging side mine mining will inevitably increase the probability of slope instability. That is, the treatment of the relevant areas of the open-pit slope not only creates good conditions for the recovery of hanging side ore resources, but also lays the foundation for medium and long-term slope maintenance, safety and stability;

(3)本发明各分区挂帮矿的回收采用分条开采的方式,将对边坡扰动和对露天运输系统的影响降到最低,同时在开采过程中利用钢拱架模板浇筑人工假巷,在很大程度上保证了施工的安全,同时由于在每分层回采前均进行联络横巷人工假巷的施工作业,这也为分层回采完毕后进路出口封堵创造了条件,有利于提高充填效率,减少充填体流失以及避免充填挡墙垮塌。(3) The recovery of hanging side mines in each section of the present invention adopts the method of strip mining, which minimizes the impact on the slope disturbance and the open-air transportation system, and at the same time uses steel arch formwork to pour artificial false roads during the mining process To a large extent, the safety of the construction is guaranteed, and at the same time, the construction of the artificial false alleyway of the contact cross alley is carried out before the mining of each layer, which also creates conditions for the blockage of the entrance and exit after the layered mining is completed, which is conducive to improving Filling efficiency, reducing the loss of filling body and avoiding the collapse of filling retaining wall.

(4)本发明挂帮矿分区分条开采并及时进行充填,不存在大空区长期暴露情况,避免空区垮塌而引起的边坡失稳事故发生,另外整个挂帮矿回采完毕后,相当于采用混凝土与矿体进行了置换,如此将对边坡形成永久保护,对于露天系统保护及需要长期完整保留的露天边坡来说具有重要意义。(4) The hanging side mine is mined in sections and filled in time. There is no long-term exposure of the large empty area, and the occurrence of slope instability accidents caused by the collapse of the empty area is avoided. In addition, after the entire hanging side mine is recovered, it is equivalent to Concrete and ore bodies are used for replacement, which will form permanent protection for the slope, which is of great significance for the protection of the open-air system and the open-air slope that needs to be preserved for a long time.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例中挂帮矿位置平面示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the position of the hanging side mine in the embodiment of the present invention;

其中:a:露天下边坡;b:露天上边坡;c:露天运输系统运输道;A:第一分区;B:第二分区;C:第三分区;Among them: a: open slope; b: open slope; c: open-air transportation system transport lane; A: first division; B: second division; C: third division;

图2是本发明实施例采矿方法的施工过程示意图;Fig. 2 is the construction process schematic diagram of the mining method of the embodiment of the present invention;

图3是图2的Ⅰ—Ⅰ剖面图;Fig. 3 is the I-I sectional view of Fig. 2;

图4是图2的Ⅱ—Ⅱ剖面图;Fig. 4 is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 2;

图5是图2的Ⅴ—Ⅴ剖面图;Fig. 5 is the V-V sectional view of Fig. 2;

其中:1:边坡下围岩;2:探矿巷道;3:未采挂帮矿;4:边坡混凝土模板;5:已充填回采进路;6:人工假巷;7:联络横巷;8:矿石溜井;9:人行通风充填井;10:待采进路;Among them: 1: Surrounding rock under the slope; 2: Exploration roadway; 3: Unmined sidewall ore; 4: Concrete formwork for slope; 5: Filled mining approach; 6: Artificial false alley; 8: Ore chute; 9: Pedestrian ventilation filling shaft; 10: Approach to be mined;

图6是人工假巷施工效果示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the construction effect of the artificial false lane.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图及实施案例对本发明采矿方法作进一步详细说明。The mining method of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples of implementation.

实施例Example

如图1所示为本实施例某露天转地下金属矿山挂帮矿位置平面图,露天运输系统运输道所处位置为图1中b所指区域,挂帮矿自图1中a所指位置露天下边坡内向外延伸至露天上边坡c之外的区域,根据挂帮矿延伸走向,并结合挂帮矿上覆露天运输系统具体位置,首先进行开采区域划分,将挂帮矿划分为A、B、C三个分区,其中A分区靠近露天境界内,B分区位于露天运输系统正下方,C分区为除上述分区以为的其余矿体,在边坡下围岩一侧有探矿巷道;As shown in Figure 1, it is a plan view of the position of the hanging side mine of a certain open-pit to underground metal mine in this embodiment. The lower slope extends from the inside to the outside of the open-pit upper slope c. According to the extension direction of the hanging side mine and the specific location of the open-pit transportation system above the hanging side mine, the mining area is firstly divided, and the hanging side mine is divided into A and B There are three divisions, A and C, in which A division is close to the open-pit boundary, B division is located directly below the open-pit transportation system, and C division is the rest of the ore body except the above-mentioned divisions, and there is a prospecting roadway on the side of the surrounding rock under the slope;

露天边坡加固:在挂帮矿回采以前,首先对图2中A分区第一分层挂帮矿附近露天边坡进行加固治理,清理边坡浮石,并按照22m的网度施工锚杆,对于局部破碎的区域挂设金属网,采用1:4的混凝土浆体构筑如图2中所示的边坡混凝土模板4护坡,砌厚为1m,高度5m,预留挂帮矿运输巷道出口,并对边坡的其余裸露部分实施≥10cm的喷浆支护,至此完成挂帮矿回采前的边坡加固工作;Open-pit slope reinforcement: before the hanging side mine is mined, the open-pit side slope near the first layer of the hanging side mine in the first layer of the A division in Figure 2 is first strengthened, the pumice on the side slope is cleaned, and the pumice is cleaned according to 2 Construction bolts with a grid width of 2m, and metal mesh for partially broken areas, use 1:4 concrete slurry to construct slope protection with 4 slope concrete formworks as shown in Figure 2, with a laying thickness of 1m and a height of 5m. Leave the exit of the roadway for hanging side ore transportation, and implement ≥10cm shotcrete support for the remaining exposed parts of the slope, and complete the side slope reinforcement work before the hanging side ore mining;

挂帮矿回采:按照图1中的区域划分,从A分区开始对每个分区依次进行开采,其中每个分区内按照矿体垂直方向,采用进路充填采矿法自下向上进行分层回采,具体按照以下步骤进行:Hanging side mine mining: according to the regional division in Figure 1, each subregion is mined sequentially starting from subregion A, and in each subregion according to the vertical direction of the ore body, the approach filling mining method is used to carry out layered mining from bottom to top. Specifically follow the steps below:

首先是A分区回采,A分区设计5条回采进路,进路宽4m,高3.5m,从中间进路开始进行自下向上的分层掘进式回采。A分区中间进路第一分层开采采用YT-24气腿式凿岩机浅孔凿岩,炮孔布置与平巷掘进布孔方式相同,采用楔形方式进行掏槽,而后辅助孔和周边孔依次延时起爆,完成一次落矿作业,崩落矿石采用2m3电动铲运机全部运出,开采到AB分区交界处时,垂直矿体方向拉开联络横巷7,施工完毕后,在A分区第一分层中间进路和AB分区间联络横巷7架设钢拱架模板,宽2.5m,高2.5m,并用1:4的混凝土进行充填,施工完毕后形成混凝土人工假巷6,如图6所示,然后于矿体下盘矿岩交界处施工矿石溜井8,矿石溜井8断面尺寸2.52.5m,于矿体上盘矿岩交界处施工人行通风充填井9,人行通风充填井9断面尺寸22m,如图3所示。完成上述工程以后,在中间进路左右两侧自AB分区交界位置联络横巷7开始向露天境界内按照进路法进行开采,隔一采一,采完一条进路马上封堵进路出口,同时接续图2中的边坡混凝土模板4,封堵拟充填进路的两端,采用1:4的混凝土进行充填,重复以上进路回采过程,直至完成A分区第一分层所有挂帮矿的回采工作;The first is mining in subarea A. Five mining approaches are designed in subarea A. The width of the approach is 4m and the height is 3.5m. Starting from the middle approach, the layered excavation mining is carried out from the bottom up. The first stratum mining in the middle of the A division adopts YT-24 air leg rock drill for shallow hole rock drilling. When the mine is detonated, the ore falling operation is completed. The caving ore is transported out by a 2m 3 electric scraper. A steel arch formwork is erected in the middle approach of the layer and the connecting cross lane 7 between the AB divisions, with a width of 2.5m and a height of 2.5m, and is filled with 1:4 concrete. After the construction is completed, a concrete artificial lane 6 is formed, as shown in Figure 6 Shown, then construct ore chute 8 at the ore-rock junction of the ore body footwall, ore chute 8 cross-sectional size 2.5 2.5m, the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 9 is constructed at the junction of the ore and rock on the hanging wall of the ore body, and the cross-sectional size of the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 9 is 2 2m, as shown in Figure 3. After the above-mentioned works are completed, mining will be carried out on the left and right sides of the middle approach road from the cross lane 7 at the junction of the AB divisions to the open-pit boundary according to the approach method, mining one at a time, and blocking the entrance and exit immediately after mining one approach. At the same time continue the slope concrete formwork 4 in Figure 2, block the two ends of the approach to be filled, use 1:4 concrete for filling, repeat the mining process of the above approach, until all the hanging side mines in the first layer of the A division are completed recovery work;

在联络横巷7的两端,分别向上施工矿石溜井8和人行通风井9,施工到第二分层顶部高度后,垂直矿体施工第二分层联络横巷7,连通矿石量溜井8和人行通风井9,形成第二层次的采准工程。此时架设钢拱架模板,宽2.5m,高2.5m,并用1:4混凝土进行充填,施工完毕后形成混凝土人工假巷6,待达到预定强度以后仍然从联络横巷7开始,首先开采中间进路,然后从中间进路左右两侧进行回采,隔一采一,采完一条进路马上封堵进路出口并采用1:4的混凝土进行充填,崩落矿石采用人工推车由联络横巷7中预制人工假巷6经矿石溜井8放至第一分层,并最终由铲运机运出,该分层回采完毕后仍然首先于边坡位置接续架设混凝土模板,封堵进路入口,采用1:4混凝土进行充填,A分区剩余上部分层参照第二分层的工艺过程进行施工,直至完成A分区挂帮矿的回采工作;At the two ends of the connecting horizontal lane 7, the ore shaft 8 and the pedestrian ventilation shaft 9 are respectively upwardly constructed. After the construction reaches the height of the second layer top, the second layer of vertical ore body construction is connected to the horizontal road 7, and the ore volume shaft 8 and the ore volume shaft 8 are connected. Pedestrian ventilation shaft 9 forms the second-level mining quasi-engineering. At this time, the steel arch formwork is erected, with a width of 2.5m and a height of 2.5m, and is filled with 1:4 concrete. After the construction is completed, a concrete artificial false roadway 6 is formed. The approach, and then carry out mining from the left and right sides of the middle approach, mining one at a time, and immediately block the exit of the approach after mining one approach and fill it with 1:4 concrete. The prefabricated artificial false lane 6 in No. 7 is put into the first layer through the ore chute 8, and finally transported out by the scraper. After the mining of the layer is completed, the concrete formwork is still firstly erected on the side slope to block the entrance of the road. 1:4 concrete is used for filling, and the rest of the upper part of the A sub-area is constructed according to the process of the second layer, until the mining of the hanging side mine in the A sub-area is completed;

A分区开采完毕后,将第一分区人工假巷6延伸到下B分区边界,从B分区第一分层联络横巷7沿B分区中间进路进行施工,进路宽4m,高3.5m,开采到BC分区交界位置,停止继续掘进,架设钢拱架模板,采用1:4的混凝土进行充填形成人工假巷,待人工假巷达到预定强度以后,在B分区中间进路左右两侧自AB分区第一分层交界处人工假巷开始以宽4m,高3.5m的进路分条进行回采,隔一采一,采完一条进路马上进行充填,如图4、图5所示,由于B分区位于露天运输系统下方,B分区挂帮矿的回采工作均采用小进尺掘进,每次进尺控制在1.2m,降低装药量,减小爆破振动影响。待B分区第一分层最后一条进路回采完毕,封堵进路出口进行接顶充填,这里由于回采B分区上部分层的需要,第一分层联络横巷不进行充填。B分区第二及以上分层的回采参照第一分层的回采工艺过程,采用小进尺掘进,隔一采一的方式进行回采,回采完毕封堵该分层联络横巷7与矿石溜井8、人行通风充填井的联接口,将本层联络横巷7和最后一条进路一起进行接顶充填,完成B分区挂帮矿的回采工作;After the mining of subarea A is completed, the artificial false roadway 6 of the first subdivision will be extended to the boundary of the lower subdivision B, and the construction will be carried out from the first layer of the connecting side roadway 7 of the B subdivision along the middle approach of the B subdivision. The width of the approach road is 4m, and the height is 3.5m. Mining to the junction of the BC division, stop further excavation, erect steel arch formwork, fill with 1:4 concrete to form an artificial false roadway, after the artificial false roadway reaches the predetermined strength, start from AB on the left and right sides of the road in the middle of the B district At the junction of the first layer of the division, the artificial false lane begins to be mined in sections with a width of 4m and a height of 3.5m, mining one at a time, and immediately filling one after another, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Section B is located under the open-pit transportation system. Small-scale tunneling is used for the mining of sidewall mines in Section B, and each footage is controlled at 1.2m to reduce the amount of charge and the impact of blasting vibration. After the mining of the last access road in the first layer of the B zone is completed, the outlet of the access road is blocked and the top filling is carried out. Here, due to the need for mining the upper part of the B zone, the first layer is not filled. The mining of the second and above layers in the B subarea refers to the mining process of the first layer, adopts small-scale excavation, and extracts one at a time to carry out mining. At the connection port of the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft, the connecting cross lane 7 of this layer and the last access road are connected to the roof and filled together, and the mining work of the hanging side mine in the B zone is completed;

C分区的回采同样从第一分层人工假巷6的向内延伸开始,沿C分区第一分层中间进路开始施工,进路宽4m,高3.5m,开采到矿岩交界处停止向前施工并垂直矿体拉开联络横巷7,施工完成后于联络横巷7和C分区中间进路架设钢拱架模板并采用1:4的混凝土进行充填形成人工假巷,然后分别在矿体下盘和矿体上盘施工矿石溜井8和人行通风充填井9,待人工假巷6达到预定强度后,从联络横巷7开始在中间进路两侧分条进行回采,隔一采一,采完一条进路马上进行充填,由于后期对C分区的强度要求较低,可采用1:10的混凝土进行充填,节省矿山开采成本。待第一分层回采完毕封堵最后一条回采进路出口进行充填,其它分层的回采参照A分层的工艺过程进行施工,直到完成C分区所有分层的回采工作。The mining of subarea C also starts from the inward extension of artificial false roadway 6 of the first layer, and starts construction along the middle approach of the first layer of subarea C, with a width of 4m and a height of 3.5m. The front construction and the vertical ore body opened the connecting cross roadway 7. After the construction was completed, the steel arch formwork was erected in the middle of the connecting cross roadway 7 and the C partition and filled with 1:4 concrete to form an artificial false roadway. The ore shaft 8 and the pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 9 are constructed on the lower wall of the ore body and the upper wall of the ore body. After the artificial false road 6 reaches the predetermined strength, mining is carried out in strips on both sides of the middle approach starting from the connecting horizontal road 7, and mining is carried out every other time. , filling is carried out immediately after mining a route. Since the strength requirements for the C partition are lower in the later stage, 1:10 concrete can be used for filling to save mining costs. After the recovery of the first layer is completed, the exit of the last mining access is blocked and filled, and the mining of other layers is carried out according to the process of layer A, until the recovery work of all layers in the C area is completed.

Claims (2)

1. the method for block mining Wall ore under an open air transport system, it is characterised in that carry out according to following steps:
(1) production zone divide: according to the ore body of Wall ore move towards divide production zone, with the haul road of open air transport system for segmentation standard, haul road side near the Wall ore region of outdoor slope as the first subregion, it is positioned at the Wall ore region below haul road as the second subregion, the Wall ore region that another lateral outdoor upper side slope of haul road extends is divided into N number of production zone, N >=1;
(2) open slope is reinforced: open slope is administered and reinforces, first cleaning open slope surface Pumex, then construct anchor pole, territory, fracture area, local is hung wire netting, reserve the outlet of Wall ore haulage drift, building side slope concrete blinding bank protection by laying bricks or stones, finally side slope residue exposed region carries out concrete spraying supporting in the open;
(3) Wall ore back production: divide according to the region in (1) step by step, start each subregion is sequentially carried out exploitation from the first subregion, wherein according to ore body vertical direction in each subregion, adopts that access back-filling method is bottom-up carries out slicing.
2. the method for block mining Wall ore under a kind of open air transport system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that according to ore body vertical direction in described each subregion, adopt the bottom-up slicing that carries out of access back-filling method specifically to carry out according to following steps:
From the first subregion, first extracting drift is designed, bottom-up layered driving formula back production is proceeded by from middle route, driving formula back production rock drilling adopts gas leg type shallow bore hole rock drilling, auxiliary adopts portable blower forced ventilation, steel for shot is identical with heading pattern, adopt V-cut, via hole and periphery hole delayed ignition successively, completing the ore deposit process that once falls, first layer ore removal adopts electric LHD, the second layering and the above artificial go-cart of employing, each broken ore is all transported, provides corresponding compensation space for lower separate explosion;In the middle of first subregion, route first layer back production is to first, stop during two positions, subregion boundary tunneling forward, contact crosscut to position, rock boundary, upper lower burrs ore deposit is pulled open in vertical ore body direction, and construct People's Bank of China ventilation filling well in Shang Pankuang rock intersection, in ore body lower wall ore deposit rock intersection construction mine chute, after construction, steel arch-shelf template is set up respectively at middle route and contact crosscut, and be the concrete of 1:4 by cement and tailings material weight ratio, it is filled with hereinafter referred to as 1:4 concrete, form artificial false lane, so far, complete drift stoping and first in the middle of the first subregion first layer, two by stages adopt quasi-engineering construction operation, Ore back production for higher slice provides condition;
Then route method is adopted to carry out back production from contact crosscut to open slope direction with identical route size from route both sides in the middle of first layer, one is adopted every one, continue on the concrete blinding that after back production, side slope is built by laying bricks or stones in advance in the open erection template, closure route outlet adopts the concrete of 1:4 to carry out filling, Ore Transportation needs during in order to exploit other subregions, the artificial false lane of first layer does not carry out filling, after treating the first subregion first layer filling, a upper layering is entered by People's Bank of China's ventilation filling well, construct the contact crosscut of this layering, connection mine chute and People's Bank of China's ventilation filling well simultaneously, two extra exits are provided for the second slicing;
nullThe actual mining of the first subregion second layering is from the pulling open of the second layering contact crosscut,Upwards construct respectively in the end upper lower burrs country rock of crosscut mine chute and People's Bank of China's ventilation filling well is got in touch with at first layer,A layering contact crosscut in the construction of vertical ore body direction in mine chute,People's Bank of China of UNICOM ventilation filling well,After completing the mining preparation work of the second layering,Erection steel arch-shelf template,And carry out filling with 1:4 concrete,Form concrete manually false lane,Start back production second from middle route after predetermined strength to be achieved and be layered Wall ore,Rock drilling、Blasting method is identical with first layer,Haulage adopts artificial go-cart mode that through artificial false lane, broken ore is transported to mine chute and puts to first layer,After treating that the second slicing is complete,Continue on the concrete blinding that side slope is built by laying bricks or stones in advance equally in the open erection template,And mine chute the continue socket iron sheet sleeve supreme layering aboveground with People's Bank of China's ventilation filling in contact both sides, crosscut,Closure route outlet adopts 1:4 concrete and barren rock consolidated fill;
The back production of first other layerings of subregion is with reference to the back production mode first vertical ore body construction contact crosscut of the second layering, after construction, erection steel arch-shelf template also carries out filling and forms artificial false lane, form removal after artificial false lane reaches some strength, carry out point drift stoping of Wall ore, continue on the last concrete blinding that side slope is built by laying bricks or stones in advance in the open erection template, mine chute continue a socket iron sheet sleeve supreme layering aboveground with People's Bank of China's ventilation filling in contact both sides, crosscut, closure route outlet carries out filling, step before repetition is until completing the actual mining of the first all layerings of subregion;
nullFirst partition recovery is complete,First subregion manually false lane is extended to next partition boundaries,And set up steel arch-shelf template,The concrete adopting 1:4 carries out filling,Form route manually false lane in the middle of the second subregion first layer,Owing to the second subregion is positioned at immediately below open air transport system transfer road,Therefore,The back production construction of the second subregion all adopts little drilling depth to tunnel,Reduce blasting vibration impact,The back production of the second subregion utilizes the contact crosscut of construction when the first partition recovery、Mine chute and People's Bank of China's ventilation filling well are exploited,During first layer back production,It is similar to the first subregion,Adopt drift stoping,One is adopted every one,Back production is complete,Closure route outlet,Carry out top tight filling,After treating this layering the last item drift stoping,Closure contact crosscut and mine chute、The connecting port of People's Bank of China's vent (-escape) raise,This layer of contact crosscut is carried out top tight filling together with the last item route,All the other separate zone production methods are similar to first layer;
After second partition recovery is complete, artificial false lane is extended to next partition boundaries along orebody trend, and vertically crosscut is got in touch with in ore body construction, at ore body lower wall construction mine chute, dish construction People's Bank of China ventilation filling well on ore body, then erection steel arch-shelf template carry out filling with the concrete of 1:4 and form artificial false lane, then previous partition process for stoping process is copied, until all of ore body is reclaimed complete, due to the second partition recovery complete after, transportation system's bottom ore body is replaced by strong concrete obturator, therefore next subregion and partition recovery operation afterwards are less to the influence of side slope, therefore back production adopts big drilling depth, the concrete adopting 1:10 after back production carries out filling, until all partition recovery fillings are complete.
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