CN105804675B - Marine drilling compensates the fluid power system of winch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic drive system of a compensating drawworks for offshore drilling. The drawworks is jointly driven by a hydraulic secondary adjustment element and a passive hydraulic cylinder to complete the heave compensation function, and the drawworks is driven by a drilling hydraulic motor to complete the automatic drilling function. During the compensation process, the passive hydraulic cylinder and its hydro-pneumatic energy storage device are used to bear all the static loads of the drilling rig, and the gravitational potential energy of the load is periodically recovered and released; the hydraulic secondary adjustment element works in a constant pressure network to overcome the compensation process The rest of the load, and use the liquid-pneumatic energy storage device to periodically recover and release the inertial kinetic energy of the drawworks slewing system. During the drilling movement, the drilling rig load gravity potential energy is recovered by using the drilling hydraulic motor and its hydraulic-pneumatic energy storage device, and then released when the drilling rig swimming system is lifted. The present invention has compact overall structure, high working efficiency and long service life of the hydraulic energy recovery system, and low engine power and energy consumption.

Description

Hydraulic Drive System of Compensation Drawworks in Offshore Drilling

Technical field:

The invention relates to a hydraulic drive system of a compensating winch for offshore drilling, which is a drive device characterized by hydraulic energy recovery and electro-hydraulic control technology.

Background technique:

The floating drilling device used in offshore oil drilling will produce periodic heave movement under the action of natural factors such as wind and waves, which will drive the drilling equipment and drill string to perform heave movement, which will affect the drilling efficiency and increase the drilling cost. Even cause safety accidents. Therefore, a floating drilling platform or drilling ship must be equipped with a heave compensation system to stabilize bottom-hole drilling pressure and reduce drilling dynamic load. The overall performance of the system directly affects the development cost of offshore oil. The heave compensation system is a complex equipment integrating mechanics, electricity, gas, hydraulics, automatic control, and intelligent detection. It has the characteristics of high technology, high investment, and high risk.

The heave compensation system can be divided into: the heave compensation device of the crane, the heave compensation device between the traveling block and the hook, and the heave compensation device of the winch according to its installation position; among them, the heave compensation technology of the winch, as a new technology, has Its unique performance advantages, including high drilling efficiency, simple transmission, low equipment center of gravity, platform load and small footprint, have gradually attracted the attention of the industry.

In recent years, foreign countries have made great progress in the research of offshore drilling compensation winches, and electric compensation winches have been launched, which have been effectively applied on new deepwater drilling platforms. Large motor power, using AC variable frequency motor active compensation technology, multiple motors are jointly driven, and the position of the drill string and platform heave signals are sent to the controller through sensors to control the speed and steering of the winch motor in real time to realize the heave compensation function; The compensation winch has many performance advantages, but there are also technical problems such as high installed power and energy consumption, high heat generation of the motor, and poor explosion-proof performance of the frequency conversion motor.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic drive system for compensation drawworks in offshore drilling, which can meet the performance requirements of offshore oil drilling, reduce the installed power and energy consumption of the system, and improve the working efficiency of offshore drilling.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the general idea of the present invention is: use the hydraulic secondary adjustment element and the passive hydraulic cylinder to jointly drive the outer ring gear of the differential planetary reducer to complete the heave compensation movement; use the hydraulic motor to drive the differential planetary reducer The sun gear of the device completes the automatic drilling movement; thus the planet carrier drives the drawworks to complete the compound movement. During the heave compensation movement, the passive hydraulic cylinder and its hydro-pneumatic energy storage device are used to bear all the static loads of the drilling rig, the hydraulic secondary adjustment elements are used to overcome the remaining loads, and the gravitational potential energy of the rig load is used by the hydraulic-pneumatic energy storage device Periodically recover and release the inertial kinetic energy of the drawworks slewing system; during the automatic drilling movement process, use the drilling hydraulic motor and its liquid-pneumatic energy storage device to recover and store the gravitational potential energy of the drilling rig load, and then swim in the hoisting drilling rig system is released.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is based on the winch heave compensation device composed of engine, generator, active compensation motor, passive compensation hydraulic motor, drilling motor, differential planetary reducer, drum, hydraulic disc brake, and PLC. Based on the developed hydraulic drive scheme, the active compensation motor is replaced with a hydraulic secondary adjustment element, the passive compensation hydraulic motor is replaced with a passive hydraulic cylinder, the drill delivery motor is replaced with a drill delivery hydraulic motor, and the gas-hydraulic is replaced with a double-piston accumulator. The converter and the high oil tank are also added with constant pressure variable pumps, relief valves, pressure reducing valves, electro-hydraulic servo valves, variable hydraulic cylinders, inclination sensors, pressure relief valves, stepping motors, screws, nuts, and flanges. The hydraulic secondary adjustment element is mechanically connected with the power input shaft of the outer ring gear of the differential planetary reducer; the piston rod of the passive hydraulic cylinder is mechanically connected with one end of the coupling, and the other end of the coupling is mechanically connected with the screw, and the screw and the nut Composing a rolling screw pair, the nut is mechanically connected to one end of the flange, and the other end of the flange is mechanically connected to the power input shaft of the outer ring gear; the hydraulic motor for drilling is connected to the sun gear power input shaft of the differential planetary reducer; the hydraulic secondary The swash plate of the adjustment element is mechanically connected with the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder; the swash plate of the drill hydraulic motor is mechanically connected with the stepping motor; the engine is mechanically connected with the constant pressure variable pump; The piston is mechanically connected to the same piston rod, and the movement of the pistons in the two chambers is synchronized. The inclination sensor is connected to the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder, the rotary encoder is connected to the power input shaft of the outer ring gear, the downhole pressure-on-bit measuring device is installed in the drill collar at the bottom of the drilling tool, and the motion reference unit is fixedly connected to the drilling platform. The oil inlet port of the constant pressure variable pump is connected to the fuel tank, and one oil outlet port of the constant pressure variable pump is connected to the P port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve through the pressure reducing valve; the A port and the B port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are respectively connected to the variable hydraulic cylinder The a-port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is connected with the b-port, the T-port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is connected with the oil tank; the other oil outlet of the constant pressure variable pump is connected with the high-pressure chamber of the first double-piston accumulator; The two ends of the variable pump; the high-pressure oil port and the low-pressure oil port of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element are respectively connected with the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber of the first double-piston accumulator; The high-pressure chamber and low-pressure chamber of the first double-piston accumulator are connected; the rodless chamber and rod chamber of the passive hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the high-pressure chamber and low-pressure chamber of the second double-piston accumulator; the first high-pressure cylinder They are respectively connected to the air cavity of the first double-piston accumulator and the first pressure relief valve; the second high-pressure cylinder is respectively connected to the air cavity of the second double-piston accumulator and the second pressure relief valve; One end of the pump is connected to the oil outlet of the constant-pressure variable pump, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure chamber of the second double-piston accumulator. The electrical signals of inclination sensor, rotary encoder, motion reference unit and downhole drilling pressure measuring device are connected to PLC, and the output control signal of PLC is connected with electro-hydraulic servo valve, stepping motor and oil filling valve.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The hydraulic drive method is adopted, and the constant pressure variable pump is directly driven by the engine, which reduces the energy conversion link; the hydraulic system adopts the volume control method, which has no overflow loss and improves the transmission efficiency of the system; in addition, the hydraulic system has a large power density, and the structure Compact, reducing platform load and occupying space.

2. The hydraulic secondary adjustment element and the passive hydraulic cylinder are used to jointly drive the winch to realize the heave compensation function, and the passive hydraulic cylinder is used to bear all the static load of the drilling rig, which reduces the output power and energy consumption of the engine and the hydraulic secondary adjustment element. The advantages of small leakage, high energy recovery efficiency and long working life; use hydraulic secondary adjustment components to overcome the remaining load, and recover and reuse the inertial kinetic energy of the winch slewing system, further reducing the power and energy consumption of the engine.

3. The drilling hydraulic motor works under the working condition of the hydraulic pump, which stores the gravitational potential energy of the load during the drilling process into the energy storage device, and then releases it when lifting the drilling rig swimming system, further reducing the power and energy consumption of the engine.

4. The double-piston accumulator is used as the energy storage device, which improves the oil absorption capacity of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element in the pump working condition, and reduces the pressure fluctuation of the high-pressure oil chamber and the low-pressure oil chamber at the same time, and improves the accumulator. energy storage capacity.

Description of drawings:

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic drive system of the offshore drilling compensation drawworks proposed by the present invention.

In the figure: 1—constant pressure variable pump; 2—engine; 3—overflow valve; 4—fuel tank; 5—pressure reducing valve; 6.1—first double-piston accumulator; 6.2—second double-piston energy storage 7.1—the first high-pressure gas cylinder; 7.2—the second high-pressure gas cylinder; 8.1—the first pressure relief valve; 8.2—the second pressure relief valve; 9—oil filling valve; 10—passive hydraulic cylinder; 11—coupling 12—screw; 13—nut; 14—flange; 15—stepping motor; 16—hydraulic motor for drilling; 17—inclination sensor; 18—variable hydraulic cylinder; 19—electrohydraulic servo valve; 20—hydraulic two Secondary adjustment element; 21—PLC; 22—rotary encoder; 23—downhole drilling weight measurement device; 24—motion reference unit; 25—differential planetary reducer; 26—outer ring gear power input shaft; 27—sun gear power Input shaft; 28—planet carrier power output shaft; G—air chamber; H—high pressure chamber; L—low pressure chamber.

detailed description:

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the hydraulic drive system mainly includes a hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20, a passive hydraulic cylinder 10, a drill hydraulic motor 16, a first double-piston accumulator 6.1, a second double-piston accumulator 6.2, and a second double-piston accumulator 6.2. A high-pressure gas cylinder 7.1, a second high-pressure gas cylinder 7.2, a constant pressure variable pump 1, a variable hydraulic cylinder 18, an electro-hydraulic servo valve 19, and a stepping motor 15. During installation, the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 is mechanically connected to the outer ring gear power input shaft 26 of the differential planetary reducer 25, and the swash plate of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 is mechanically connected to the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder 18; the passive hydraulic cylinder The piston rod of 10 is mechanically connected to one end of the coupling 11, the other end of the coupling 11 is mechanically connected to the screw 12, the screw 12 and the nut 13 form a rolling screw pair, the nut 13 is mechanically connected to one end of the flange 14, and the flange The other end of 14 is mechanically connected with the power input shaft 26 of the outer ring gear; the drill hydraulic motor 16 is mechanically connected with the sun gear power input shaft 27 of the differential planetary reducer 25, and the swash plate of the drill hydraulic motor 16 is connected with the stepping motor 15 Mechanical connection: The engine 2 is mechanically connected to the constant pressure variable pump 1. The inclination sensor 17 is connected to the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder 18, the rotary encoder 22 is connected to the power input shaft 26 of the outer ring gear, the downhole pressure-on-bit measuring device 23 is installed in the drill collar at the lower part of the drilling tool, and the motion reference unit 24 is connected to the drilling platform Fixed connection.

The oil inlet of the constant pressure variable pump 1 is connected to the oil tank 4, the oil outlet of the constant pressure variable pump 1 is connected to the P port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve 19 through the pressure reducing valve 5, and the overflow valve 3 is connected in parallel to the constant pressure variable pump 1 The two ends of the electro-hydraulic servo valve 19 are respectively connected to the a port and the b port of the variable hydraulic cylinder 18, and the T port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve 19 is connected to the oil tank 4; the other of the constant pressure variable pump 1 The oil outlet is connected to the high-pressure chamber H of the first double-piston accumulator 6.1, and the high-pressure oil port and low-pressure oil port of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 are connected to the high-pressure chamber H and low-pressure chamber of the first double-piston accumulator 6.1 respectively. The high-pressure oil port and the low-pressure oil port of the drilling hydraulic motor 16 are respectively connected with the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L of the first double-piston accumulator 6.1; the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the passive hydraulic cylinder 10 They are respectively connected to the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L of the second double-piston accumulator 6.2; the first high-pressure cylinder 7.1 is respectively connected to the air chamber G of the first double-piston accumulator 6.1 and the first pressure relief valve 8.1 ; The second high-pressure gas cylinder 7.2 is respectively connected with the air cavity G of the second double-piston accumulator 6.2 and the second pressure relief valve 8.2; one end of the oil replenishment valve 9 is connected with the oil outlet of the constant pressure variable pump 1, and the other One end is connected with the high-pressure chamber H of the second double-piston accumulator 6.2. The electrical signals of the rotary encoder 22, the downhole pressure-on-bit measuring device 23, the motion reference unit 24, and the inclination sensor 17 are connected to the PLC 21, and the output control electrical signals of the PLC 21 are connected to the electro-hydraulic servo valve 19, the stepping motor 15, and the oil supply valve 9 . The second double-piston accumulator 6.2 and the second high-pressure cylinder 7.2 bear the static load of the drilling rig during the compensation movement through the passive hydraulic cylinder 10; the first double-piston accumulator 6.1, the first high-pressure cylinder 7.1 and the constant pressure The variable pump 1 forms a constant pressure network, drives the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 to overcome the remaining load during the compensation movement, and drives the drilling hydraulic motor 16 to overcome the load of the drilling rig during the drilling process.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

When the floating offshore drilling platform rises and sinks with the waves, the PLC21 detects the compensation motion angular displacement signal detected by the rotary encoder 22, the platform heave motion signal detected by the motion reference unit 24, and the hydraulic secondary pressure detected by the swash plate inclination sensor 17. Adjust the swash plate angle signal of the element, and send a control signal to the electro-hydraulic servo valve 19 according to the established control strategy, and control the swash plate inclination angle of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 by adjusting the position of the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder 18, thereby driving the external The ring gear power input shaft 26 rotates forward and reverse to realize the heave compensation function. During the compensation movement, the passive hydraulic cylinder 10 and the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 jointly drive the outer ring gear; the passive hydraulic cylinder 10 converts the linear motion of the piston rod into the rotational motion of the power input shaft 26 of the outer ring gear through screw transmission, and the The force output by the piston rod is converted into torque and acts on the power input shaft 26 of the outer ring gear, which bears all the static load of the drilling rig, and uses the second double-piston accumulator 6.2 and the second high-pressure gas cylinder 7.2 to carry out the gravitational potential energy of the drilling rig load. Recovery and reuse: the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 overcomes the remaining load during the compensation movement, and uses the first double-piston accumulator 6.1 and the first high-pressure gas cylinder 7.1 to recover and reuse the inertial kinetic energy of the winch slewing system : When the winch needs to slow down, the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 works in the hydraulic pump working condition, so that the inertial kinetic energy of the winch and the pulley block is stored in the first double-piston accumulator 6.1 and the first high-pressure gas cylinder 7.1, when When the winch accelerates, the hydraulic secondary adjustment element 20 works in the hydraulic motor mode to release the stored energy.

During the drilling process of the drilling rig, the PLC21 sends a control signal to the stepper motor 15 according to the bottom-hole pressure-on-bit signal detected by the downhole pressure-on-bit measuring device 23, and adjusts the angular displacement of the stepper motor 15. Control the inclination angle of the swash plate of the drilling hydraulic motor 16 so that it drives the sun gear power input shaft 27 to rotate continuously to realize automatic drilling with constant bit pressure, and at the same time store the gravitational potential energy of the drilling rig load in the first double-piston accumulator during the drilling process. Energy device 6.1 and the first high-pressure cylinder 7.1.

The invention applies the hydraulic energy-saving driving technology to the offshore drilling compensation winch, and drives the drawworks through a system composed of hydraulic secondary adjustment elements, hydraulic cylinders, constant pressure variable pumps, accumulators, screw nuts and other devices to realize heave compensation and At the same time as the automatic drilling function, the gravitational potential energy of the rig load and the inertial kinetic energy of the drawworks slewing system are periodically recovered and reused, which improves the efficiency and service life of the hydraulic energy recovery system, and reduces the installed power and energy consumption of the compensation winch ; In addition, the present invention adopts the hydraulic volume control method, which has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, compact structure, and good explosion-proof performance.

Claims (4)

1. A hydraulic drive system for offshore drilling compensation drawworks, including a constant pressure variable pump (1), an engine (2), an overflow valve (3), an oil tank (4), a pressure reducing valve (5), a first double piston type accumulator (6.1), the second double-piston accumulator (6.2), the first high-pressure gas cylinder (7.1), the second high-pressure gas cylinder (7.2), the first pressure relief valve (8.1), the second pressure relief valve pressure valve (8.2), oil supply valve (9), passive hydraulic cylinder (10), coupling (11), screw (12), nut (13), flange (14), stepper motor (15), Drilling hydraulic motor (16), inclination sensor (17), variable hydraulic cylinder (18), electro-hydraulic servo valve (19), hydraulic secondary adjustment element (20), PLC (21), rotary encoder (22), The downhole drilling weight measurement device (23), the motion reference unit (24), and the differential planetary reducer (25), are characterized in that the hydraulic secondary adjustment element (20) and the outer ring gear of the differential planetary reducer (25) The power input shaft (26) is mechanically connected, the swash plate of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element (20) is mechanically connected to the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder (18); the piston rod of the passive hydraulic cylinder (10) is connected to the coupling (11) One end is mechanically connected, the other end of the coupling (11) is mechanically connected to the screw (12), the screw (12) and the nut (13) form a rolling screw pair, and the nut (13) is mechanically connected to one end of the flange (14), The other end of the flange (14) is mechanically connected to the power input shaft (26) of the outer ring gear; the hydraulic motor (16) for sending the drill is mechanically connected to the sun gear power input shaft (27) of the differential The swash plate of the drill hydraulic motor (16) is mechanically connected to the stepper motor (15); the engine (2) is mechanically connected to the constant pressure variable pump (1); the inclination sensor (17) is connected to the piston rod of the variable hydraulic cylinder (18) , the rotary encoder (22) is connected to the external ring gear power input shaft (26), the downhole pressure-on-bit measuring device (23) is installed in the drill collar at the lower part of the drilling tool, and the motion reference unit (24) is fixedly connected to the drilling platform; The oil inlet of the constant pressure variable pump (1) is connected to the oil tank (4), and the oil outlet of the constant pressure variable pump (1) is connected to the P port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve (19) through the pressure reducing valve (5) , the overflow valve (3) is connected in parallel to both ends of the constant pressure variable pump (1), the A port and the B port of the electro-hydraulic servo valve (19) are respectively connected to the a port and the b port of the variable hydraulic cylinder (18), and the electric The T port of the hydraulic servo valve (19) is connected to the oil tank (4); the other oil outlet of the constant pressure variable pump (1) is connected to the high-pressure chamber H of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1), and the hydraulic secondary The high-pressure oil port and the low-pressure oil port of the adjustment element (20) are respectively connected with the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1); the high-pressure oil port and the low-pressure oil port of the drill hydraulic motor (16) The ports are respectively connected to the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1); the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the passive hydraulic cylinder (10) are respectively connected to the second double-piston accumulator (6.2 ) of the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L; the first high-pressure cylinder (7.1) is respectively connected with the air chamber G of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1) and the first pressure relief valve (8.1); the second high-pressure The gas cylinder (7.2) is respectively connected with the gas cavity G of the second double-piston accumulator (6.2) and the second pressure relief valve (8.2); The oil outlet is connected, and the other end is connected with the high-pressure chamber H of the second double-piston accumulator (6.2); the inclination sensor (17), the rotary encoder (22), the downhole weight-on-bit measuring device (23) and the motion reference unit The electrical signals of (24) are all connected to PLC (21), and PLC (21) output control electrical signals are connected with electro-hydraulic servo valve (19), stepper motor (15), oil filling valve (9). 2. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons of the high-pressure chamber H and the low-pressure chamber L of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1) are mechanically connected to the same piston rod, and the two The pistons in the chamber move synchronously. When the oil in the high-pressure chamber of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element (20) flows into the high-pressure chamber H of the first double-piston accumulator (6.1), the first double-piston accumulator (6.1) At the same time, the oil in the low-pressure chamber L is hydraulically injected into the low-pressure chamber of the hydraulic secondary adjustment element (20). 3. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the piston rod of the passive hydraulic cylinder (10) passes through a coupling (11), a screw (12), a nut (13), a flange (14) ) is connected with the external ring gear power input shaft (26) to bear all the static loads of the drilling rig. 4. The hydraulic drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the nut (12) and the screw (13) adopt a rolling screw transmission mode to convert the reciprocating linear motion of the piston rod of the passive hydraulic cylinder (10) into an outer ring gear The reciprocating rotary motion of the power input shaft (26).