CN1058018A - 紫杉酚衍生物、它们的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
紫杉酚衍生物、它们的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(II)表示的紫粉酚衍生物,其中
R和R′各自是氢或氨基酸残基,或是式(III)的基团,
其中n是1-3整数,R2和R3各自是H或是1-3个
碳原子的烷基或是它们与N连接在一起形成4-5个
碳原子的饱和杂环,本发明也提供了这类衍生物的药
物组合物。紫杉酚衍生物与紫杉酚相比其水溶性增
加,且具有优良的抗肿瘤活性。
Description
本发明涉及紫杉酚衍生物,它与紫杉酚相比,其水溶性改善且表现出优良抗肿瘤活性。该化合物对于治疗一些癌症尤为有效,这些癌是和紫杉酚对其已显示出活性癌相同,包括人体肺癌、黑素瘤、白血病、乳房肿瘤及结肠癌。
紫杉酚是一种已知的双萜类、倍半萜烯,它是从西部紫杉属树(Taxus brevsifolia)的茎皮中分离出来的,它具有下列结构式:
因此,本发明者研究了紫杉酚衍生物的生产,它应当比紫杉酚有更大水溶性并且也显示出与紫杉酚相同或相似的优良抗肿瘤和细胞毒性的活力。
因此,本发明的一个目的是开发出紫杉酚衍生物,它们具有良好的抗肿瘤活性及水溶性。
本发明的另一个目的是开发出紫杉酚衍生物的配方,它们采用无毒的载体,因而避免了使用诸如乳油的毒性载体。
本发明的再一个目的是开发出紫杉酚衍生物,它们具有对于制备药物配方合适pH水平(pH3-4)的的良好稳定性,但在体内的生理的pH(pH7.4)下迅速裂解,它们是潜在地作为紫杉酚的前体药物。
通过开发出具有良好抗肿瘤活性和良好水溶性的紫杉酚的衍生物来实现本发明的这些和其它目的。
一般地说,本发明的新颖紫杉酚衍生物由下式表示,它是紫杉酚2′和/或7-位酯:
其中R和R′各自是H或是选自由丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸所组成组的氨基酸的残基或是下式的基团:
其中n是1-3整数,R2和R3各自是氢或有1-3个碳原子的烷基,或者R2和R3与氮原子连接在一起形成一个有4-5个碳原子的饱和杂环,条件是R和R′中至少一个不是氢。
在上式(Ⅲ)中,当R2和/或R3不是氢时,这些化合物可被认为、且下面有时称为“烷基化的氨基酸”。因此,式(Ⅰ)的化合物可广泛地被认为是带有氨基酸或烷基化氨基酸的紫杉酚的2′和/或7-位的酯。
本发明因而包括(a)紫杉酚2′-羟基处酯化的衍生物,(b)紫杉酚的7-羟基处酯化的衍生物,以及(c)在2′-和7-位羟基处都酯化的衍生物。
在上述式(Ⅰ)中包含的化合物中,下列特定化合物被认为是本发明的优选化合物。
1.2′(N,N-二乙基氨基丙酰)紫杉酚
2.2′(N,N-二甲基氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
3.7(N,N-二甲基氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
4.2′7-二-(二甲基氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
5.7(N,N-二乙基氨基丙酰)紫杉酚
6.2′7-二-(N,N-二乙基氨基丙酰)紫杉酚
7.2′(L-氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
8.7-(L-氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
9.2′,7-二(L-氨基乙酰)紫杉酚
10.2′-(L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚
11.7-(L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚
12.2′,7-二(L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚
13.2′(L-亮氨酰)紫杉酚
14.7-(L-亮氨酰)紫杉酚
15.2′,7-二(L-亮氨酰)紫杉酚
16.2′-(L-异亮氨酰)紫杉酚
17.7-(L-异亮氨酰)紫杉酚
18.2′,7-二(L-异亮氨酰)紫杉酚
19.2′-(L-缬氨酰)紫杉酚
20.7-(L-缬氨酰)紫杉酚
21.2′,7-二(L-缬氨酰)紫杉酚
22.2′(L-苯丙氨酰)紫杉酚
23.7-(L-苯丙氨酰)紫杉酚
24.2′,7-二(L-苯丙氨酰)紫杉酚
25.2′-(L-脯氨酰)紫杉酚
26.7-(L-脯氨酰)紫杉酚
27.2′,7-二(L-脯氨酰)紫杉酚
28.2′-(L-赖氨酰)紫杉酚
29.7-(L-赖氨酰)紫杉酚
30.2′,7-二(L-赖氨酰)紫杉酚
31.2′-(L-谷氨酰)紫杉酚
32.7-(L-谷氨酰)紫杉酚
33.2′,7-二(L-谷氨酰)紫杉酚
34.2′-(L-精氨酰)紫杉酚
35.7-(L-精氨酰)紫杉酚
36.2′,7-二(L-精氨酰)紫杉酚
本发明者业已发现紫杉酚的2′-和7-位羟基的化学活性特征,特别是2′-羟基比7-羟基的化学活性更大。该发现已被用在制备过程中给衍生物的定位。
A.2′-酯衍生物的制备
根据衍生物为带有氨基酸或带有烷基化的氨基酸,用两种中的一种来制备2′-酯的衍生物。
为了制备烷基化氨基酸的酯,可采用如下的反应式:
反应式Ⅰ
烷基化的氨基酸+紫杉酚→2′-酯紫杉酚衍生物
其中n、R2和R3的定义同上。
为了制备氨基酸的酯,采用如下反应式:
反应式Ⅱ
在上述的两个反应式中(反应式Ⅰ和反应式Ⅱ),在缩合试剂存在下且有或无加入催化剂时,较好地在室温下使烷基化的或保护的氨基酸进行缩合反应。
合适的缩合试剂包括碳二亚胺类,诸如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)。
合适的催化剂包括4-二甲基氨基吡啶(PMAP)和吡啶。
在反应式(Ⅱ)中,可采用种种已知的氨基保护基团,市售的保护氨基酸可用作起始物料。可采用用t-BOC、FMOC或苄氧羰基(CBZ)保护的氨基酸。用t-BOC或FMOC基团保护的氨基酸较为优选。虽然用甲酸水溶液和其它有机酸可使在2′-酯上的t-BOC基团去保护可引起产物降解及立体化学的改变,但是使用99%甲酸可得到较好的结果。在FMOC保护的氨基酸酯条件下其产品回收率视反应条件而定。因此,在最后的去保护步骤中,除去t-BOC保护基团的条件下可能使紫杉酚分子7-位游离的羟基产生不希望的改变。这些不希望的改变是由分子的立体化学的改变所构成的。
作为举例,N-保护的丙氨酸化合物可如下所代表:
如上面所提出的那样,发明者已发现紫杉酚的2′羟基比7-羟基的化学活性大。因此,在上面的反应式Ⅰ和Ⅱ中,使烷基化的或N-保护的氨基酸与紫杉酚以1∶1的摩尔比或稍大于1∶1摩尔比进行反应,其取代或酯化直接发生在2′-位上。虽然在这类等摩尔量反应中少量的紫杉酚7-酯衍生物可能作为副产物而产生,但大量2′-酯紫杉酚衍生物可以得到。
B 7-位酯的制备
反应式Ⅲ:
既然紫杉酚的2-′羟基比7-位羟基的反应活性大,所以该酯化反应要使用与制备2′-衍生物方法不同的方法。因此,为了制备7-位酯,采用一种方法从而使2′-羟基首先被保护或封闭,然后使7-位羟基酯化,接着再除去2′-保护基团或封闭基团。
种种封闭基团,如现有技术已知的封闭基团可用来使紫杉酚的2-位封闭。作为一个例子使用一种封闭基团的例子和一种烷基化氨基酸,反应式(Ⅲ)也可如下所概括:
在上述反应式中,在缩合试剂和催化剂存在下使2′-troc-紫杉酚和烷基化氨基酸进行缩合反应。合适的缩合试剂和催化剂与上述反应式Ⅰ和Ⅱ讨论的相同。
例如,通过用锌和乙酸混合物使2′-(troc)紫杉酚进行去保护。
反应式Ⅳ
作为替换方法,通过一种方法也可制备7-取代的紫杉酚衍生物,其中首先使紫杉酚与2-3当量N-封闭的氨基酸反应生成了2′,7-二取代紫杉酚、使2′-和7-位氨基酸都去保护,然后使2′-位氨基酸裂解。该方法如下所示,用t-BOC保护的丙氨酰作为封闭氨基酸的实例。
在该方法中,与反应式Ⅲ相似,在缩合试剂和催化剂存在下使紫杉酚与保护的氨基酸进行反应。用已知的氨基酸去保护方法,诸如用例如甲酸的温和酸处理使氨基酸进行去保护。
通过将2′,7-二(氨基酸)紫杉酚溶液调至pH7-7.4,例如将2′,7-二(氨基酸)紫杉酚放在磷酸缓冲液中使混合物pH为7-7.4使2′-氨基酸进行裂解。用该方法调节pH来裂解2′-氨基酸以产生所需的7-(氨基酸)紫杉酚。
这样,例如让紫杉酚与在二氯甲烷中的2-3摩尔当量N-保护的氨基酸(t-boc、CBZ或FMOC保护)在DCC和催化量的4-二甲基氨基吡啶存在下进行反应。在该方法中,保护的氨基酸被引入至2′和7-位上。用合适的去保护剂(例如,酸、温和的碱或氢解剂)来除去保护基团。让2′,7-二氨基酸紫杉酚衍生物在中性pH的磷酸缓冲液中静置24-48小时,从而在2′-位发生选择性的去保护而得到7-取代的紫杉酚衍生物。
也可以使用相似的反应式以生成7-取代的带有烷基化氨基酸的紫杉酚衍生物。除了用所需的烷基化氨基酸来代替N-保护的氨基酸及取消去保护步骤,这类反应与上述的相似。该反应式如下所示:
反应式Ⅴ
C,2′,7-二取代紫杉酚衍生物的制备
通过采用上述方法,或部分采用上述方法来制备二取代的衍生物。这些方法如下所示:
反应式Ⅵ:用烷基化的氨基酸取代
紫杉酚+烷基化的氨基酸-→2′,7-(二取代烷基化氨基酸)
(2-3当量) 紫杉酚
反应式Ⅶ:用氨基酸取代
除了用2当量烷基化的氨基酸进行反应外反应式Ⅵ基本上与上述反应式Ⅰ相同。另外,虽然反应式Ⅰ可在催化剂的存在下或无催化剂时进行,由于7-位羟基紫杉酚的化学活性降低所以反应式Ⅵ方法需有催化剂存在。
反应式Ⅶ基本上与上述反应式Ⅱ的相同,但是,上面已提到在反应式Ⅱ中FMOC是优选的保护基团以避免在去保护步骤中7-位上发生立体结构的改变。但是,在反应式Ⅶ中不会发生此问题,由于7-位羟基不是游离的。因此,可使用各种已知的保护基团,包括t-BOC和FMOC。
可以相信熟悉该领域的人员用上述方法可制备本发明范围内的所有化合物。但是,下面参照优选的特定实施例对制备方法进行阐述。
实施例Ⅰ-2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚或其盐
(a)化合物1-2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚
将1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(0.15克、0.72毫摩尔)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.025克,0.2毫摩尔)加至紫杉酚(0.21克,0.246毫摩尔)和N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(0.0254克,0.246毫摩尔)的无水二氯甲烷(12毫升)溶液中。在无水条件下将反应混合物搅拌1天。再加入50毫克DCC并再继续搅拌六小时。过滤反应混合物,在氮气下蒸发滤液。将残留物在硅烷化的硅胶(35克,26厘米)上进行色谱层析并依次用1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚和乙酸乙酯洗脱。慢慢蒸发乙酸乙酯∶石油醚流份,滤得一种固体。母液再经浓缩并加入石油醚直至出现混浊,任其放置以得到更多的化合物。总的回收是0.14克(61%)。熔点:168-171℃(分解)。在化合物2的NMR核磁共振谱(300MHzCDCl3)中,2′质子共振从紫杉酚的4.71ppm移至5.59ppm。这表明2′-位发生了酯化。光谱其它共振与提出的结构是一致的。HPLC纯度为98-99.5%。
质谱:(FAB)m/l939(M+H)+,
元素分析:C51M58N2O15的计算值:C,65.36,H,6.22,N,2.98:测定值C,65.16,H,6.28,N,313%
(b)化合物2-2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚的甲磺酸盐
将2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(0.06克,0.064毫摩尔)溶于叔丁醇(2毫升)和水(15毫升)中。让混合物冷至-5℃,滴加入甲磺酸(3.1毫升,2毫克/毫升,0.0645毫摩尔),让混合物在0-5℃下搅拌1分钟并通过20μm滤膜(微孔滤膜)过滤到一只烧并中该烧并用干冰-异丙醇混合物中快速冷却。冻干溶液得到0.058克产物(88%),熔点170-173℃,元素分析:C52H68N2SO18·2H2O
C H N
计算值 57.83 6.27 2.6
测定值 57.49 6.06 2.73
物理性质
摩尔重量 1035
熔点: 170-173(分解)
溶解度: 15mg/ml(稍有模糊)
2mg/ml(澄清)
化学稳定性研究:
根据下列方法对该化合物进行稳定性研究。
在25℃和37℃下研究衍生物在各种pH值下的稳定性。在37℃下在鼠血浆和人体血浆中进行血浆中的降解研究。人体血浆从Watkins医院得到,鼠血浆从堪萨斯(Kansas)大学动物培养单位得到。所用的衍生物浓度约为20-25μg/ml,将化合物的贮备溶液制成0.8-1.0mg/ml并使之加入血浆得到所需的浓度(20-25μg/ml)。取出100微升样品,用250微升乙腈骤冷并离心沉淀出血浆蛋白用HPLC测绘相对时间的峰面积来研究降解动力学。计算出t90和t50。通过高效液相色谱用RP-8柱(15cm)和预柱(5cm)来进行化学和血浆中降解研究。在227nm处进行检测。流动相由0.02M乙酸酯(pH5)∶乙腈50∶50或35∶65组成,流动速率范围为1-1.5毫米/分钟,或相同的溶剂中含有0.001M四丁基硫酸氢铵,其流动速率为1毫升/分钟。
在稳定性研究中,该化合物的峰消失,而得到保留时间与紫杉酚峰的保留时间相等的峰。通过新的衍生物降解研究来进一步证实上面峰的一致性。因此,将2′(DMG)紫杉酚与水放在37℃下保温,将产物浓缩并用制备型薄层层析纯化。纯化后的产物用HPLC和光谱学方法分析。产物显示的摩尔离子峰在m/e860(N+Li)+处,它表示产物是紫杉酚。
HPLCI工作条件
柱: RP-8,150mm长,4.6mm内径
流动相:50∶50 0.02M乙酚酯
(pH5):乙腈
检测器: Kratos Spectroflow 757
流动速率 1m L/min
保留时间: 11.2mL化合物2
5.5mL紫杉酚
化学稳定性结果:
条件 t1/2(小时)
0.02M乙酸酯(0.1mg/mL)
(pH3.5,25℃)96.2
(pH4.5,25℃)55.4
水(2mg/mL)
(pH3.8,37℃)89.8
血浆稳定性,37℃:
条件 t1/2(分钟)
鼠血浆(20ug/m L) 3.05
狗血浆(20ug/m L) 121.6
人血浆(20ug/m L) 198.6
实施例Ⅱ-2′(N,N-二乙氨基丙酰)紫杉酚
(a)化合物3-2′-[3-(N,N-二乙氨基)丙酰]紫杉酚的盐酸盐
将1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(0.08克,0.38毫摩尔)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.01克,0.081毫摩尔)加至含有N,N-二乙氨基丙酸氢氯化物(0.025,克0.145毫摩尔)的紫杉酚(0.12克,0.14毫摩尔)的CHCl(12毫升)溶液中。在室温下将所得的混合物搅拌24小时。过滤反应混合物,在氮气下蒸发滤液。粗材料在硅烷化的硅胶(18克22厘米)柱上进行色谱层析,依次用1∶2乙酸乙酯∶石油醚、1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚和乙酸乙酯洗脱。慢慢蒸发乙酸乙酯∶石油醚组份形成一种固体沉淀再经过滤。合并含有产物的母液,浓缩并加入石油醚至混浊并经放置。过滤产物得到0.068克产物(48%)。熔点188-191℃,质谱(FAB)m/e981[M+H]+。NMR(300Hz,CDCl3)表示2′质子的共振从紫杉酚的4.71ppm移至5.53ppm。N-乙基基团中的甲基共振为1.0ppm,CH共振为2.52ppm。可以观察到预想化合物的所有其它共振特征。C54H65CIN2O15的元素分析(%):
C H N
计算值:63.73 6.43 2.75
测定值:64.84 6.84 2.89
物理性质(化合物3)
分子量: 1017.56
熔点: 186-189℃(分解)
溶解度: -0.8mg/ml
条件
柱: RP-8,150mm长,4.6mm内径
流动相: 35∶65 0.02M乙酸酯
(pH5):002乙腈
检测器:Kratos Spectroflow 757
流动速率: 1.5ml/min
保留体积 16.71ml(化合物3)
化学稳定性:
条件 t1/2(小时)
0.02M乙酸酯
(0.01mg.ml
pH3.5,25℃) 438.6
0.02M磷酸盐
(0.02mg/ml
pH7.4,25℃) 0.25
血浆稳定性,37℃
条件 t1/2(分钟)
人体血浆 4.2
(b)化合物4-2′(N,N-二乙氨基丙酰)紫杉酚的甲磺酸盐
为了制备N,N-二乙氨基丙酸的甲磺酸盐,将10克QAE-交联葡聚糖(pharmacia公司)用0.1MNa Cl湿润75小时,将该物质的75%倒入柱内。用蒸馏水(700毫升)洗涤柱。柱用500毫升CH3SO3Na(从0.5M甲磺酸和0.5M氢氧化钠并滴定至pH6制备)平衡。收集洗脱液至Cl-完全消失,通过加入几滴1%。硝酸银及几滴硝酸至收集的流出液中来检查Cl-。再用蒸馏水将柱洗至中性。
将2.5克N,N-二乙氨基丙酸盐酸盐在15毫升中的水倒在柱上并用水洗脱。收集四份50毫升的流份。开始流出的少量流份含有产物。合并这些流份并除去溶剂。将残留物溶于二氯甲烷-乙醇混合物中并用硫酸镁干燥,除去溶剂得到3.1克产物。使其从乙醇和醚中沉淀出来得到2.6克N,N-二乙氨基丙酸的甲磺酸盐。
将1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(0.061克,0.3毫摩尔)加至紫杉酚(0.05克,0.058毫摩尔)和N,N-二乙氨丙酸甲磺酸盐(0.014克,0.058毫摩尔)的二氯甲烷溶液中。在室温下使混合物搅拌24小时。过滤反应混合物,在氮气下蒸发滤液。残留物在硅烷化的硅柱上进行包谱层析,用1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚和乙酸乙酯洗脱。慢慢蒸发乙酸乙酯∶石油醚流份,得到0.048克产物(74%)熔点:170-174℃。
物理性质:
分子量 1077.12
熔点 170-74
溶解度 >10mg/ml
纯度 >99%
化学稳定性:
条件 t1/2(小时)
0.02M乙酸盐
(pH4.5,25℃) 305
0.02M乙酸盐
(pH5.5,25℃) 20.7
实施例Ⅲ-7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚或其盐的制备
(a)2′-(troc)紫杉酚(化合物5)
将紫杉酚(0.27克,0.316毫摩尔)溶于CH2Cl2(10毫升)和吡啶(1.5毫升)中。让反应混合物冷却至-20-(-25)℃并加入2,2,2-三氯乙基氯甲酸酯(80微升)。将反应混合物在该混度下搅拌三小时。再加入25微升氯甲酸酯,让反应混合物搅拌过夜。反应混合物用CH2Cl2(50毫升)稀释并依次用0.1N HCl(25毫升×2)和0.05M冷Na HCO3(25毫升×1)和水洗涤,用无水Mg SO4干燥有机萃取物,除去溶剂。粗材料通过制备型硅烷化过的硅胶板上,在1∶3乙酸乙酯∶石油醚展开的薄板层析纯化,切下紫杉酚以上的区带并用乙酸乙酯洗脱,除去溶剂得到0.32克(97%),熔点221-226℃(分解,软化点160℃)
(b)2′-(troc)-7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(化合物6)
将2′-(troc)紫杉酚(0.27克,0.62毫摩尔)和(N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(0.054克,0.524毫摩尔)的混合物溶于CH2Cl2(15毫升)中,向该溶液中加入1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺(0.215克,1.04毫摩尔)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.025克,0.2毫摩尔),让混合物在室温下搅拌两天。过滤反应混合物并除去溶剂。粗物质通过预制的硅烷化过的硅胶板在1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚中展开的TLC纯化。切下紫杉酚以下的区带(Rf0.47,1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚)并用乙酸乙酯洗脱,除去溶剂得到0.26克产物(89%)。熔点:176-180℃(分解)。
元素分析:C54H60Cl3N2O17的计算值:
C,58.12,H,5.42,N,2.51;
测定值:C,58.68,H6.00,N,3.18%
(c)7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(化合物7)
将锌粉(0.275克)加入到2′-(troc)-7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(0.335克,0.3毫摩尔)的9∶1甲醇-乙酸(12毫升)溶液,将混合物在室温下搅拌25分钟并过滤。将滤液浓缩至-1毫升并用CH2Cl2(35毫升)稀释,依次用0.01MHCl(20毫升×2)、0.01M冷Na HCO3和水洗涤。用无水Na2SO4干燥有机萃取液并除去溶剂得到0.24克产物。该化合物通过制备型的硅烷化的硅胶板(20×20,第3号)及用7∶1CH2Cl2∶乙酸乙酯展开的TLC来纯化。切下相应的7-(DMG)紫杉酚(Rf0.35)区带,用乙酸乙酯和乙醇洗脱,除去溶剂得到0.19克产物(68%)。熔点180-185℃(分解,软化点约140℃)。质谱(FAB)m/l939[M+H]+。在NMR光谱中(300Hz,CDCl3),在紫杉酚中的7-H共振为4.33ppm,此时为5.65ppm处的双重线。N-(CH3)2的共振为2.35处的单峰。甘氨酸酯的亚甲基在3.16ppm处发现。
(d)7-(二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚的甲磺酸盐
(化合物8)
将7-(二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(0.065克,0.069毫摩尔)溶于叔丁醇(25毫升)和水(1毫升)中。让溶液冷至5-10℃并加入甲磺酸(3.36毫升,2mg/ml,0.0697毫摩尔)。让混合物搅拌两分钟并通过微孔滤膜滤一只烧瓶烧揩中该烧瓶用冰使其快速冷却。让滤液冻干得到0.066克产物(94%)。熔点(64-168℃)(分解)。
元素分析:C52H62N2O18S·2H2O的
C H N
计算值:58.29 6.19 2.6
测定值:58.05 6.00 1.72
物理性质:
分子量: 1035
熔点: 164-168℃
溶解度: >2mg/ml
HPLC条件:
柱: RP-8mm长
4.6mm内径
流动相: 0.02M乙酸盐(pH5):
乙腈35∶65
检测器: Kratros Spectroflow757
流动速率: 1.5ml/min
保留体积:15.07ml(化合物8)
化学稳定性:
条件 t1/2(小时)
0.02M乙酸盐
(pH3.5,25℃) 3397
0.02M乙酸盐
(pH4.5,25℃) 1719
0.02M磷酸盐
pH7.4(25℃) 33.8小时
血浆稳定性,37℃
条件: t1/2(小时)
鼠血浆(20ug/ml) 17.3
人血浆(20ug/ml) 27.7
人血浆(10ug/ml) 24.4
实施例Ⅳ-2′7-(二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚的制备
将紫杉酚(0.06克,0.0702毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(5毫升)中,向内加入N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(0.015克,0.145毫摩尔)。向该混合物中加入1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(0.08克,0.388毫摩尔)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.008克,0.065毫摩尔)。让反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时并过滤。除去滤液中的溶剂。残留物通过制备型硅烷化过的硅胶板并在1∶1乙酸乙酯-石油醚中展开的TLC纯化。割下二甲氨基吡啶上方的区带(Rf0.17)并用乙酸乙酯和乙醇混合物洗脱,除去溶剂。残留物用乙酸乙酯-石油醚重结晶得到0.046克产物(64%)。熔点194-198℃。
质谱:m/e1024(M+)。在NMR光谱(300MHZ,CDCl3)中C2-质子(4.71ppm)和C7-质子(4.33ppm)相应地移至5.5ppm和5.6ppm,这表明2′和7-位已酯化。N-CH3质子是在2.3ppm处的单峰。
元素分析C55H66N3O16
计算值C63.39,H6.48,N,4.03,
测定值:C63.00,H,6.98,N,3.98
2′,7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚的二甲磺酸盐的合成。
将2,7-(二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(60毫克,0.0585毫摩尔)的叔丁醇(2毫升)和水(1毫升)的溶液冷至0-5℃,加入甲磺酸(11.37毫克,3.79毫升,0.117毫摩尔)。让混合物在0-5℃下搅拌2分钟,通过微孔滤膜(0.2μm)过滤,让滤液冻干得到62毫克产物,熔点160-163℃。
物理性质
分子量 1217
熔点 160-163℃(分解)
溶解度 >10mg/ml
HPLC纯度 -96%
HPLC工作条件
柱: RP-8,150mm,4.6直径
流动相: 含0.005M TBA乙酸盐(pH5):
乙腈
检测器: 757
流动速率 1ml/Min
保留体积 6.64ml
5.8ml(紫杉酚)
实施例Ⅴ 7-(L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚或其盐的制备
(a)2′,7-二(t-BOC-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚
将1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(0.25克,1.21毫摩尔)和二甲氨基吡啶(0.025克,0.20毫摩尔)加至紫杉酚(0.21克,0.246毫摩尔)和N-t-BOC-L-丙氨酸(0.14克,0.739毫摩尔)的二氯甲烷熔液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时并过滤。残留物在硅烷化的硅胶柱(20克,14厘米)上色谱层析并用1∶1乙酸乙酯∶石油醚和乙酸乙酯洗脱,将含有二取代的衍生物的乙酸乙酯-石油流份合并,除去溶剂得到0.27克化合物(92%)。
熔点:158-161℃(分解)
(b)7-(L-丙氨酸)紫杉酚
使2′,7-二-(t-BOC-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚(0.29克,0.242毫摩尔)和甲酸(2毫升)混合并在室温下搅拌40分钟,在氮气下除去过量的甲酸。将残留物溶于甲醇中并加入石油醚。滤得固体得到0.27克2′,7-二(丙氨酰)紫杉酚。
将这样得到的二丙氨酰衍生物粗制品放入乙腈(4毫升)和磷酸缓冲液(0.02M,pH7.4,50毫升)中,使混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。用几毫升5%Na2HPO4使溶液的pH值升至6.8。再在室温下使浑浊溶液搅拌8小时。用二氯甲烷(50毫升)稀释反应混合物,向内加入冷NaHCO3(0.05M,50毫升)。马上用二氯甲烷(50毫升×3)萃取反应混合物,用水洗涤有机层一次并用无水硫酸钠干燥。除去溶剂得到0.24克产物。该化合物在硅烷化过的硅胶柱进行柱层极得到0.135克产物(63%)。(纯度>95%)。熔点,159-163℃,质谱(FAB)m/e925[M+H]+。在NMR光谱(300MHz,CDCl3)中原紫杉酚7-H在4.33ppm处,现在在5.65ppm处为双重线。丙氨酸部分的CH3基团为1.27ppm处的双重线。
元素分析:C50H58N2O16·2.5H2O的计算值
C61.91,H6.54,N,2.89,
测定值:C61.41,H,6.59,N,2.78%。
(c)7-(丙氨酰)紫杉酚的甲磺酸盐
将7-(丙氨酰)紫杉酚(6.2毫克,0.0658毫摩尔)的叔丁醇(2毫升)和水(1毫升)溶液冷至0-5℃并加入甲磺酸(6.39毫克,2.13毫升,3毫克/毫升),将该混合物在该温度下搅拌2分钟并通过微孔滤膜(0.2μM)过滤。冻干滤液得到66毫克产物。熔点:180-194℃。
物理性质
分子量 1021
熔点 180-184℃(分解)
溶解度 >2mg/ml
HPLC工作条件
柱: RP-8,150mm,4.6内径
流动相: 含0.001M四丁基硫酸氢铵的50∶50 0.02M乙酸盐(pH5)∶乙腈
检测器: Kratos Spectroflow 757
流动速率 1ml/Min
保留体积 8.74ml
7.3ml(紫杉酚)
血浆稳定性,37℃
条件 t 1/2 (小时)
人体血浆 (20mg/ml)11.9
实施例Ⅵ-2′-(丙氨酰)紫杉酚的制备
(a)2′(CBZ-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚的合成
将DCC(45毫克)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(4毫克)加入到紫杉酚(30毫克,0.0036毫摩尔)和CBZ-L-丙氨酸(8.5毫克,0.036毫摩尔)的二氯甲烷(5毫升)溶液中,将混合物在室温下搅拌3天。过滤反应混合物,从滤液中除去溶剂。残留物通过制备型硅烷化过的硅胶板上并在1∶1乙酸乙酯-石油醚中展开的TLC纯度,切下紫杉酚以上的区带,并用乙酸乙酯洗脱,除去溶剂得到28毫升2′-(CBZ-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚。
(b)使2′(CBZ-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚去保护来合成2′(丙氨酰)紫杉酚
在诸如乙酸或甲酸的有机酸存在下使2′(CBP-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚溶于乙醇,在5%在碳上的钯存在下于室温中搅拌2小时。过滤反应混合物以除去催化剂并除去溶剂。将粗制品溶于乙醇中,加入石油醚以得到2′(丙氨酰)紫杉酚的甲酸盐或乙酸盐,其收得率为低至中等。
实施例Ⅶ-2′(赖氨酰)紫杉酚的制备
(a)2′-(N-二-t-boc-赖氨酰)紫杉酚的合成
将DCC(100毫克)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(10毫克)加至紫杉酚(30毫克,0.035毫摩尔)和N-二-t-boc-L-赖氨酸(19毫克,0.0368毫摩尔)在二氯甲烷(10毫升)中的混合物,将混合物在室温下搅拌2天并过滤。从溶液中除去溶剂。残留物通过制备型硅烷化过的硅胶板上用1∶1乙酸乙酯-石油醚的TLC纯化,切下紫杉酚以上的区带并用乙酸乙酯洗脱,除去溶剂得到20毫克产物。
(b)通过t-boc基团去保护以合成2′-(赖氨酰)紫杉酚
让N-t-boc保护的紫杉酚氨基酸衍生物与甲酸(99%,Sigma)在室温下反应30-40分钟。在氮气下通过蒸发除去过量的甲酸。通过结晶或色谱层析使粗物料纯化得到N-去保护的紫杉酚氨基酸衍生物的甲酸盐。
实施例Ⅷ-2′(L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚的制备
(a)2′(FMOC-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚的合成
将DCC(60毫克)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(2毫克)加至紫杉酚(60毫克,0.072毫摩尔)和N-FMOC-L-丙氨酸(22.4毫克)二氯甲烷溶液中,将混合物在室温下搅拌两天并过滤。从滤液中除去溶剂。粗物料通过硅烷化过的硅胶板用1∶2乙酸乙酯-石油醚展开制备型TLC纯化。切下紫杉酚以上的带并用二氯甲烷洗脱,除去溶剂得到48毫克包含2′(FMOC-L-丙氨酰)紫杉酚的产物,熔点162-164℃(分解)。
(b)以紫杉酚的保护氨基酸衍生物中使FMa基团去保护
让N-FMOC保护的紫杉酚氨基酸衍生物与哌啶在二氯甲烷中反应2小时,并除去溶剂。残留物通过色谱层析纯化得到去保护的紫杉酚氨基酸衍生物。
药物制剂
本发明化合物本身可制成药制或制成其药学上可接受的盐,特别是制成无毒的药学了可接受的酸加成盐或碱式盐。这些盐可根据常规的化学方法从本发明的化合物中制得。
通常地说,通过使游离的碱或酸与化学计算量或过量的所需盐形式的无机或有机酸在合适的溶剂或种种合并的溶剂可反应来制得盐。作为举例,将游离碱溶于适当的酸水溶液中并用标准技术。例如,通过蒸发溶液来回收盐。可替换的是,游离碱可溶于诸如低级链烷醇、醚、烷酯或其混合物,例如甲醇、乙醇、醚、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯-醚溶液之类中,此后用适当的酸处理的形成相应的盐。通过标准回收技术,例如过滤自发地从溶液中分离出来所需的盐,或加入盐不溶于其中的溶剂使盐沉淀出来并从中回收。
本发明的紫杉酚衍生物由于它们的细胞毒性、抗肿瘤活性可用来治疗癌症。新化合物以片剂、丸剂、粉末混合物、胶囊剂、注射剂、溶液剂、栓剂、乳剂、分散剂、食品预混合剂及其它合适的形式进行使用。含有化合物的药剂常与无毒性的药物有机载体或无毒性的药物无机载体相混合,每剂量单位约为0.01毫克直至2500毫克或更高,较好地是每剂量单位为50-500毫克。典型的药学上可接受的载体是,例如甘露醇、脲素、葡聚糖、乳糖、土豆和玉米淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、植物油、聚(亚烷基)二醇、乙基纤维素、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、碳酸钙、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、碳酸钠、明胶、碳酸钾、硅酸和其它常规使用的可接受载体。药剂也可含有无毒性的辅助物质诸如乳化剂、防腐剂、湿润剂之类,例如脱水梨醇单月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸脂、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、三棕榈酸甘油酯、二辛基硫代琥珀酸钠等等。
制备含有活性剂片剂的典型方法是首先将活性剂与诸如明胶、阿拉伯胶、乙基纤维素等的无毒性粘合剂混合。在标准的V型混合中及通常为无水条件下可以很好地进行混合。接着,通过常规的制片机使刚制备的混合物成浆并将浆状物制成片剂。新制成的片剂可包衣或不必包衣。合适的包衣材料是无毒性的包衣材料包括紫胶、甲基纤维素、巴西棕榈蜡、苯乙烯-马来酸共聚物等。用作口服时根据上面所揭示的及公知的制备技术及Remington′s Pharmaceutical Science第39章,Mack Publishing Co.1965所列的来制造含0.01mg、5mg、25mg、50mg、500mg等直至2500mg的压制的片剂。
为了制成片剂,将活性化合物、玉米淀粉、乳糖、磷酸二钙和碳酸钙在干燥条件下于常规的V-掺合器中均匀混合直至所有的组份均匀地混合在一起。接着,将玉米淀粉糊制成10%的糊并使之掺入刚制得的混合物中直至得到一均匀的混合物。然后将混合物通过一个无水大气中干燥的标准目数的筛网,随后与硬脂酸钙相混合并压成片剂,如果需要再进行包衣。用相同的方法可制得含10mg、50mg、100mg、150mg等的其它片剂。
下列配方Ⅰ是包括本发明化合物片剂配方的一个实例。
配方Ⅰ
组份 每个胶囊,mg
活性化合物 50.0
玉米淀粉 15.0
玉米淀粉糊 4.5
碳酸钙 15.0
乳糖 67.0
硬脂酸钙 2.0
磷酸二钙 50.0
制备含有10mg-2500mg的口服胶囊主要包括将活性化合物与无毒性载体相混合,将混合物封入聚合物的胶囊,通常是采用明胶等。胶囊剂可以是该技术领域中已知的软胶囊形式,它通过将已分散在可食用的、可配伍的载体中的化合物封闭在胶囊中而制得,或者可以是硬胶囊,它必须包括将新颖的化合物与诸如,滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、碳酸钙之类的无毒性固体相混合,可以按如下例示的方法制备含有25mg、75mg、125mg等一种新颖化合物或两种多种新颖化合物混合物的胶囊剂:
配方Ⅱ
组份 每个胶囊,mg
活性化合物 50.0
碳酸钙 100.0
乳糖,U.S.P. 200.0
淀粉 130.0
硬脂酸镁 4.5
在标准混合器中将上述组份掺合在一起然后分装入市售的胶囊中。当使用高浓度的活性组份时,就要相应的降低乳糖的用量。
本发明的化合物也可冻干,如果需要与药学上可接受的赋形剂相结合制成适合于静脉注射和注射用的配方。对于这类使用,配方可重新放入水中(通常为盐水)或放在水与诸如丙二醇、乙醇之类的有机溶剂混合物中。
由于化合物效力不同,所选择的使用途径不同,接受者的大小不同及病人的病情况不同,所以使用剂量是否是单剂量、多剂量或每天剂量可视本发明特定的化合物不同而不同。使用的剂量虽无特定的范围,但它通常是有效量或在活性药物代谢释放时从剂型中释放出来药物活性组份能达到所需的药物效应和生理效应的相当的摩尔浓度。所用的剂量常在0.8-8mg/体重公斤或约50-275mg/病人的m2,较好地约在230-275mg/m2。
生物活性
如上所述,本发明的紫杉酚衍生物对于其抗肿瘤活性是有用的。对于紫杉酚能显示活力的相同癌症这些化合物尤为有效包括人的肺癌、黑素瘤、白血病、乳房肿瘤及结肠癌。
通过(A)体外研究来测定微管集合动力学;(B)体外研究B16黑素瘤细胞的培养动力学;及(C)体内研究SRC亚肾囊的MX-1异种移植来试验紫杉酚的生物活性。
(A)体外微管集合动力学研究
微管是具核细胞的一个整体部分,微管集合与细胞分裂和增殖紧紧相关。已经表明微管聚合化对钙极敏感;钙可以抑制小管集聚并使预装配的微管解聚。人们已研究了已知的抗肿瘤化合物对微管集合的作用。
诸如长春花碱和长春(花)新碱的长春花属生物碱已显示可以破坏细胞微管,即在体外它们已表明可以抑制微管集合并使稳定状态的微管解聚。
相似地是,秋水仙碱已显示出在细胞内使微管解聚。
另一方面,紫杉酚显和出排常独特的作用机制,即它促进微管集聚但抑制其拆散,从而干扰了细胞周期和分裂的G2期和M期。体外研究表明,微管一旦聚集,在紫杉酚的存在下它耐住了被其它诸如CaCl2的试剂或低温所引起的解聚,而诸如CaCl2的试剂或低温常可使微管解聚。
本发明者已对紫杉酚衍生物对微管聚集的作用进行研究。根据所揭示的体外方法,例如Mellado et al.,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,124卷,第2号(1984),329-336页;Magri et al.,J.Org Chem.51,797-802(1986)和Parness et al.,Biochemical and B iophysical Research Communications 105卷,第3号1082-1091页(1982),对α和7-衍生物进行微管聚集研究。这些化合物的聚集微管能力顺序如下:紫杉酚>7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(11)>2′(N,N-二乙氨基丙氨酰)紫杉酚(8)>2′(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚(2)。该研究表明游离的2′-羟基对于微管聚集是必不可少的。在实验期间如果能使2′-羟基游离的2′衍生物才是有活性的。具有游离的2′羟基的7-衍生物因而是有活性的。在文献Mellado et,al,Biochemicaland Biophysical Research Commuications第129卷第2号(1989)第329-332页中已报告了2′和7-乙酰基紫杉酚的活性结果。
(B)体外B16细胞培养研究
为了证实本发明紫杉酚衍生物的活性,本发明者用B-16黑素瘤细胞进行体外培养。根据DONCSC和HIMES,CANCER BIOCHEM BIOPHYSICS第7卷(1984)第133页所述的标准方法进行研究。
在B-16黑素瘤细胞增殖研究中,有效的顺序是紫杉酚>2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚>2′-(N,N-二乙氨基丙氨酰)紫杉酚>7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚。该研究及其它动力学研究表明2′衍生物回复成紫杉酚并显示出活性。因此,2′-衍生物可作为前体药物。另一方面,7-衍生物拥有它们自己的活性而不显示作为前体药物的作用。
(C)体内研究
证实紫杉酚衍生物的生物活性而进行的第三种实验包括,在小鼠体内亚肾囊上研究人体乳房癌症MX-1异种移植。下面方法是NIH公开第84-2635号In Vivo Cancer Model(1984年2月)所述的。
方法
在该方法中,采用每组12个小鼠的对照组和试验组(每组6个小鼠)。将肿瘤碎片(人体乳房癌MX-1异种移植)植入至每个小鼠覆盖肾的膜下。
试验方法如下:
第0天:麻醉动物,记录体重(第1天重量)。植入肿瘤,测量并记录,在动物麻醉后使动物随机化。进行细菌培养。测定试剂的溶解度。记录每天的死亡数。
第1天:检查培养物,如果污染则舍弃实验物,制备试验物质。在个体体重基础上开始注射试验剂(注射在颈背)。在第1、5和9天用Q4D处理。在注射的每天制备新鲜的试验试剂,并根据那天的个体体重类使用。
第2天:再检查培养物。如果污染则中止试验并记录下来。
第5天和第9天:在每次注射那天制备新鲜的试验试剂并根据个体的那天体重给药。
第11天:结束并评估实验,记录体重(第2天称重)。测量肿瘤,单位为OMu′s(目测的微米单位-10 OMU′S=1毫米)并记录评价:
根据肿瘤长度和宽度(单位毫米)的基础上测量平均肿瘤重量改变(delta)的参数。计算第1天和第11天的平均动物体重,对第11天存活率>65%的所有试验组计算T/C。在评作毒性时也可使用超体重改变的差异(试验组减去对照组)用目测的微米单位(OMU)测量并记录尺寸范围。用计算器进行如下的计算。
1)将OMU′S转变成毫米。
2)从下式计算长椿球体积的式中算出肿瘤范围从而算出肿瘤重量:
(L×W2)/2 (其中L是两次测量中较长的轴)
3)计算每组小鼠平均肿瘤重量的改变(δ)平均肿瘤重量的改变=1平均肿瘤重量)最终(平均肿瘤重量)
4)计算试验组(T)和对照组(C)的平均肿瘤重量改变值(δ)
5)对最后一天存活率>65%的所有试验组计算T/C%:
T/C%= (△Wt T)/(△Wtc) ×100-如果△WT为正
T/C%= (△Wt T)/(试验组的平均肿瘤重量起始) ×100
-如果△Wt T为负数
活性依据
T/C≤20%被认为是具有中等活性,再现的T/C≤10%被认为具有显着活性。
结果:
对一些紫杉酚衍生物的试验结果如表1和2所示
从这些结果可见本发明的紫极酚衍生物表现出优良的抗肿瘤活性。因此,这些化合物由于它们的生物活性以及与紫杉酚相比它们的水溶性增加故它们是有用的抗肿瘤剂。
本发明作了这样的阐述,明显地可作出许多改变。这些变动被认为不背离本发明的精神和范围,所有的这类变动对该技术领域的人员来说是明显的,它们是在下列权利要求的范围之内。
Claims (26)
2、根据权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于R和R的至少其中的一个是选自由L-丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-赖氨酸和L-精氨酸所组成组的成份。
3、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于其中R和R′的至少其中的一个是下式基团:
其中n是1-3的整数,R2和R3是有1-3个碳原子的烷基。
4、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于它是2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰),紫杉酚或是其酸加成盐。
5、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于它是2′-(N,N-二乙氨基丙氨酰)紫杉酚或其酸加成盐。
6、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于它是7-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚或其酸加成盐。
7、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于它是2′,7-二(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚或其酸加成盐。
8、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于它是7-(丙氨酰)紫杉酚或其酸加成盐。
10、根据权利要求9的药物组合物,其特征在于其是所述的至少一种化合物是2′-(N,N-二甲基甘氨酰)紫杉酚。
11、根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其特征在于其中所述的至少一种化合物是2′-(N,N-二乙氨基丙氨酰)紫杉酚。
12、一种治疗肿瘤的方法,其特征在于它包括给病人使用抗肿瘤有效量的至少一种权利要求1化合物。
13、根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的治疗包括治疗选自由人体肺癌、黑素瘤、白血病、乳房肿瘤和结肠癌所组成组的肿瘤。
15、根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的紫杉酚和所述的式(Ⅳ)化合物以1∶1的等当量比率进行反应,从而形成了式Ⅱ)的2′-取代化合物,其中R是式(Ⅲ)基团,R′是H。
16、根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于其中将2当量所述式(Ⅳ)化合物与1当量紫杉酚反应从而形成式(Ⅱ)的2′,7-二(取代的)化合物,其中R和R′是式(Ⅲ)的基团。
17、根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的2′,7-二(取代)化合物进行裂解反应,从而使2′-取代基被裂解形成式(Ⅱ)的7-取代化合物,其中R是H,R′是式(Ⅲ)的基团。
18、根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的反应是在缩合试剂存在下,有或无催化剂时进行的。
19、根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的裂解反应包括将2′7-二(取代)化合物的pH调至7-7.4。
21、根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的紫杉酚和所述的N-保护的氨基酸以1∶1的等当量比率进行反应从而形成2′-取代紫杉酚衍生物。
22、根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的紫杉酚和所述的N-保护的氨基酸以1∶2的当量比率进行反应从而形成2′,7-二取代紫杉酚衍生物。
23、根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于使其中所述的式(Ⅱ)化合物进行裂解反应,从而使2′-取代氨基酸裂解从而形成7-(氨基酸)紫杉酚衍生物。
24、根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的去保护步骤是通过温和酸处理而进行的。
25、一种制备下式化合物的方法,
其中R是选自由丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸所组成的氨基酸残基,或是下式的基团:
其中n是1-3整数,R2和R3各自是氢原子或是有1-3个碳原子的烷基或R2和R3与氮原子连接在一起形成有4-5个碳原子的饱和杂环,其特征在于所述的方法包括:
(a)使紫杉酚与羟基保护基团化合物反应形成2′-(保护的)紫杉酚;
(b)使所述的2′-(保护的)紫杉酚与丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或下式化合物
(其中R2、R3和n的定义同上)反应以形成2′-(保护的)、7-(取代的)的紫杉酚;以及
(c)使2′-位去保护。
26、根据权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于其中所述的去保护步骤是通过使所述的2′-(保护的)7-(取代的)紫杉酚与锌和乙酸混合物反应而进行。
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HU902854D0 (en) | 1991-07-29 |
CA2028096A1 (en) | 1990-09-10 |
EP0419653A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
AU5271590A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
KR920700208A (ko) | 1992-02-19 |
WO1990010443A1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
GR1000684B (el) | 1992-10-08 |
OA09458A (en) | 1992-11-15 |
AU628161B2 (en) | 1992-09-10 |
GR900100523A (en) | 1991-12-10 |
US4960790A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
HUT56270A (en) | 1991-08-28 |
HU206617B (en) | 1992-12-28 |
EP0419653A4 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
JPH04504845A (ja) | 1992-08-27 |
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