CN105756732B - A kind of LNG/ liquid oxygen direct combustion Mixed working fluid cycle TRT - Google Patents
A kind of LNG/ liquid oxygen direct combustion Mixed working fluid cycle TRT Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 30
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 30
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1853—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
一种LNG/液氧直燃混合工质动力循环发电装置由作功子系统、回热循环子系统和LNG和液氧供给与CO2捕集子系统组成;以高压燃烧室组和再热燃烧室组替代锅炉和再热器;LNG/液氧高压高温燃烧产物和给水混合产生H2O/CO2混合蒸汽在透平机组中膨胀发电,混合工质乏汽在冷凝器中凝结分离水分后,CO2经预冷和升压后液化。由于透平工质的进口压力和温度较高,并采用燃烧调节机组负荷的控制策略和在谷电时段将低压透平解列运行,可大大提高机组的效率;从而实现规模储能、零CO2和NOx排放、高效、调峰等功能。
A LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion mixed working fluid power cycle power generation device is composed of a work subsystem, a heat recovery cycle subsystem, and an LNG and liquid oxygen supply and CO2 capture subsystem; a high-pressure combustor group and a reheat combustor A group replaces the boiler and reheater; LNG/liquid oxygen high-pressure high-temperature combustion products are mixed with feed water to generate H 2 O/CO 2 mixed steam, which is expanded in the turbine unit to generate electricity, and the exhaust steam of the mixed working medium is condensed in the condenser to separate water, CO2 is liquefied after being pre-cooled and pressurized. Due to the high inlet pressure and temperature of the turbine working fluid, the efficiency of the unit can be greatly improved by adopting the control strategy of combustion to adjust the load of the unit and decommissioning the low-pressure turbine during the valley power period; thus realizing large-scale energy storage and zero CO2 And NOx emission, high efficiency, peak shaving and other functions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种发电装置,尤其是一种LNG/液氧直燃混合工质动力循环发电装置。The invention relates to a power generation device, in particular to an LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion mixed working fluid power cycle power generation device.
背景技术Background technique
规模储能在消纳低峰富余核电以及接纳风电、太阳能发电等间歇性新能源入网方面已经成为未来智能电网平衡负荷、消减峰谷负荷波动,保障电力系统安全可靠的关键环节。然而抽水蓄能电站受地理因素制约,其他储能方法在经济性方面均存在问题。液化天然气因便于运输和贮存是调峰发电的主要燃料,燃气调峰发电及规模储能将是电网峰谷平衡、稳定电网运行的主要手段。以CO2为主的温室气体排放及所带来的气候变化与环境问题受到全球的普遍关注。2008年国际能源署提出,CO2捕集与封存技术(CCS)是解决气候变化问题的必要技术,应加以积极推进。其中CO2捕集是CCS实施的首要技术环节。现有的CO2捕集方案主要是对燃烧产物处理,存在捕集过程能源消耗代价太大的问题。Large-scale energy storage has become a key link in the future smart grid to balance loads, reduce peak and valley load fluctuations, and ensure the safety and reliability of the power system in terms of consuming low-peak surplus nuclear power and accepting intermittent new energy such as wind power and solar power into the grid. However, pumped storage power plants are restricted by geographical factors, and other energy storage methods have problems in terms of economy. Liquefied natural gas is the main fuel for peak-shaving power generation because it is easy to transport and store. Gas peak-shaving power generation and large-scale energy storage will be the main means to balance the peak and valley of the power grid and stabilize the operation of the power grid. The emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, and the resulting climate change and environmental problems have attracted worldwide attention. In 2008, the International Energy Agency proposed that CO2 capture and storage technology (CCS) is a necessary technology to solve the problem of climate change and should be actively promoted. Among them, CO2 capture is the primary technical link in the implementation of CCS. Existing CO2 capture schemes mainly deal with combustion products, and there is a problem that the cost of energy consumption in the capture process is too high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种将燃烧产物与循环工质混合作为工质的,具有高密度规模储能、零碳排、零氮氧化物排放、高效、调峰等特点的动力循环发电装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power cycle power generation device which mixes combustion products and cycle working medium as working medium, and has the characteristics of high-density large-scale energy storage, zero carbon emission, zero nitrogen oxide emission, high efficiency, and peak regulation.
本发明为实现上述目的采用如下技术方案:The present invention adopts following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned object:
一种LNG/液氧直燃混合工质动力循环发电装置,包括作功子系统、回热循环子系统以及LNG和液氧供给与CO2捕集子系统,其中,A LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion mixed working medium power cycle power generation device, including a work subsystem, a heat recovery cycle subsystem, and a LNG and liquid oxygen supply and CO2 capture subsystem, wherein,
所述作功子系统包括高压燃烧室组、再热燃烧室组、高压透平、中压透平、低压透平、发电机A、发电机B和阀组;所述作功子系统采用H2O/CO2混合工质作为工质;所述高压燃烧室组分为4组,分别对应于高压透平的4个进汽室,每个高压燃烧室组至少包含一个高压燃烧室;所述高压燃烧室由高压燃烧室筒体、高压燃烧室燃烧器、高压燃烧室火焰筒、高压燃烧室螺旋折流板组、高压燃烧室环形端板、高压燃烧室雾化喷嘴组、高压燃烧室左端板、高压燃烧室进水接管、高压燃烧室收缩段及出口接管组成;所述高压燃烧室螺旋折流板组在高压燃烧室筒体与高压燃烧室火焰筒之间的环形空间形成通流截面积逐渐增大的螺旋通道;所述高压燃烧室燃烧器设有高压燃烧室天然气进口和高压燃烧室氧气进口;所述再热燃烧室组分组数量与高压透平排气口数量相同,每组再热燃烧室组至少包括1个再热燃烧室;所述再热燃烧室由再热燃烧室筒体、再热燃烧室燃烧器、再热燃烧室火焰筒、再热燃烧室螺旋折流板组、再热燃烧室左端板、再热燃烧室工质进口接管、再热燃烧室收缩段及出口接管组成;所述再热燃烧室螺旋折流板组在再热燃烧室筒体与再热燃烧室火焰筒之间的环形空间形成通流截面积逐渐增大的螺旋通道;所述再热燃烧室燃烧器设有再热燃烧室天然气进口和再热燃烧室氧气进口;所述阀组包括高压燃烧室天然气进口阀组、高压燃烧室氧气进口阀组、高压燃烧室给水进口阀组、高压透平进口阀组、再热燃烧室天然气进口阀组、再热燃烧室氧气进口阀组、中压透平进口阀组、中压透平抽汽阀A、中压透平出口旁路阀组和低压透平进口阀组;各高压燃烧室的高压燃烧室收缩段及出口接管通过高压透平进口阀组连接高压透平的4组进汽室,高压透平的出口分别与再热燃烧室组的各再热燃烧室工质进口接管相连接,再热燃烧室组的各再热燃烧室的再热燃烧室收缩段及出口接管通过中压透平进口阀组与中压透平的进口相连接;The working subsystem includes a high-pressure combustor group, a reheat combustor group, a high-pressure turbine, a medium-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine, a generator A, a generator B and a valve group; the working subsystem uses H2O /CO2 mixed working fluid as the working medium; the high-pressure combustion chamber components are divided into 4 groups, corresponding to the 4 steam inlet chambers of the high-pressure turbine, and each high-pressure combustion chamber group contains at least one high-pressure combustion chamber; the high-pressure combustion chamber The chamber consists of a high-pressure combustion chamber cylinder, a high-pressure combustion chamber burner, a high-pressure combustion chamber flame cylinder, a high-pressure combustion chamber spiral baffle group, a high-pressure combustion chamber annular end plate, a high-pressure combustion chamber atomizing nozzle group, a high-pressure combustion chamber left end plate, The high-pressure combustion chamber inlet pipe, the high-pressure combustion chamber contraction section and the outlet connection pipe are composed; the high-pressure combustion chamber spiral baffle group forms an annular space between the high-pressure combustion chamber cylinder body and the high-pressure combustion chamber flame cylinder, and the cross-sectional area of the flow gradually increases. Increased spiral channel; the high-pressure combustor burner is provided with a high-pressure combustor natural gas inlet and a high-pressure combustor oxygen inlet; The combustion chamber group includes at least one reheat combustion chamber; The reheat combustor left end plate, the reheat combustor working medium inlet connection pipe, the reheat combustion chamber contraction section and the outlet connection pipe; The annular space between the flame tubes forms a spiral channel with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area; the reheat combustor burner is provided with a reheat combustor natural gas inlet and a reheat combustor oxygen inlet; the valve group includes a high-pressure combustion chamber Chamber natural gas inlet valve group, high-pressure combustion chamber oxygen inlet valve group, high-pressure combustion chamber feed water inlet valve group, high-pressure turbine inlet valve group, reheat combustion chamber natural gas inlet valve group, reheat combustion chamber oxygen inlet valve group, medium pressure turbine Flat inlet valve group, medium-pressure turbine extraction valve A, medium-pressure turbine outlet bypass valve group and low-pressure turbine inlet valve group; the high-pressure combustion chamber contraction section and outlet connection of each high-pressure combustion chamber pass through the high-pressure turbine inlet valve 4 groups of steam inlet chambers connected to the high-pressure turbines, the outlets of the high-pressure turbines are respectively connected to the working fluid inlet pipes of the reheat combustors of the reheat combustor groups, and the reheat combustors of the reheat combustor groups The constriction section of the thermal combustion chamber and the outlet connecting pipe are connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure turbine through the inlet valve group of the medium-pressure turbine;
所述回热循环子系统包括冷凝器、低压加热器组、高压加热器组、凝结水泵、给水泵和排水阀;冷凝器冷却水侧包括进水口和出水口,冷凝器凝结水出口通过凝结水泵与低压加热器组进口相连,低压加热器组出口通过给水泵与高压加热器组进口相连;高压加热器组出口通过高压燃烧室给水进口阀组与高压燃烧室进水接管相连;所述排水阀的进口与凝结水泵出口管线相连;The regenerative circulation subsystem includes a condenser, a low-pressure heater group, a high-pressure heater group, a condensate pump, a feed water pump and a drain valve; the cooling water side of the condenser includes a water inlet and a water outlet, and the condensate outlet of the condenser passes through the condensate pump It is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure heater group, and the outlet of the low-pressure heater group is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure heater group through the feed water pump; the outlet of the high-pressure heater group is connected with the water inlet pipe of the high-pressure combustion chamber through the water supply inlet valve group of the high-pressure combustion chamber; the drain valve The inlet of the condensate pump is connected to the outlet pipeline;
所述LNG和液氧供给与CO2捕集子系统包括LNG储罐、液氧储罐、LNG泵、液氧泵、CO2压缩机、换热器A、换热器B、换热器C和换热器D;LNG储罐出口通过LNG泵与换热器A的LNG侧进口相连接,换热器A的LNG侧出口与换热器D的LNG进口相连接,换热器D的LNG的出口分别通过高压燃烧室天然气进口阀组与各高压燃烧室天然气进口相连接和通过再热燃烧室天然气进口阀组与各再热燃烧室天然气进口相连接;液氧储罐出口通过液氧泵与换热器B的液氧进口相连接,换热器B的液氧出口与换热器D的液氧侧进口相连接,换热器D的液氧侧出口分别通过高压燃烧室液氧进口阀组与各高压燃烧室液氧进口相连接和通过再热燃烧室液氧进口阀组与各再热燃烧室液氧进口相连接;换热器A的CO2侧进口设在冷凝器液位以上的壳体上,换热器A的CO2侧出口通过CO2压缩机与换热器B的CO2进口相连接,换热器B的CO2出口与换热器C的CO2进口相连接,换热器C包括CO2出口;The LNG and liquid oxygen supply and CO2 capture subsystem includes LNG storage tank, liquid oxygen storage tank, LNG pump, liquid oxygen pump, CO2 compressor, heat exchanger A, heat exchanger B, heat exchanger C and heat exchanger Heater D; the outlet of the LNG storage tank is connected to the LNG side inlet of heat exchanger A through the LNG pump, the LNG side outlet of heat exchanger A is connected to the LNG inlet of heat exchanger D, and the LNG outlet of heat exchanger D The natural gas inlet valve group of the high-pressure combustor is connected with the natural gas inlet of each high-pressure combustor and the natural gas inlet of each reheat combustor is connected with the natural gas inlet of each reheat combustor through the natural gas inlet valve group of the reheat combustor; The liquid oxygen inlet of heat exchanger B is connected, the liquid oxygen outlet of heat exchanger B is connected with the liquid oxygen side inlet of heat exchanger D, and the liquid oxygen side outlet of heat exchanger D passes through the liquid oxygen inlet valve group of the high-pressure combustion chamber respectively It is connected with the liquid oxygen inlet of each high-pressure combustor and is connected with the liquid oxygen inlet of each reheat combustor through the liquid oxygen inlet valve group of the reheat combustor; the CO2 side inlet of heat exchanger A is located in the shell above the liquid level of the condenser In general, the CO2 side outlet of heat exchanger A is connected to the CO2 inlet of heat exchanger B through the CO2 compressor, and the CO2 outlet of heat exchanger B is connected to the CO2 inlet of heat exchanger C, and heat exchanger C includes CO2 Export;
中压透平第一级抽汽口通过中压透平抽汽阀A与换热器D的过热蒸汽进汽口相连接,换热器D的过热蒸汽出汽口将与高压加热器组的高压加热器的蒸汽进汽口相连接;中压透平的下排汽口通过中压透平出口旁路阀组与冷凝器进汽口B相连接,中压透平的上排汽口通过低压透平进口阀组与低压透平进口相连接;低压透平的出口与冷凝器进汽口A相连接;高压透平、低压透平的各抽汽口和中压透平的各抽汽口都分别与高压加热器组和低压加热器组的各蒸汽进汽口对应连接。The first-stage extraction port of the medium-pressure turbine is connected to the superheated steam inlet of the heat exchanger D through the medium-pressure turbine extraction valve A, and the superheated steam outlet of the heat exchanger D will be connected to the high-pressure heater group The steam inlet of the high-pressure heater is connected; the lower exhaust port of the medium-pressure turbine is connected with the steam inlet B of the condenser through the outlet bypass valve group of the medium-pressure turbine, and the upper exhaust port of the medium-pressure turbine is passed through The inlet valve group of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure turbine; the outlet of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the steam inlet A of the condenser; The ports are respectively connected to the steam inlets of the high-pressure heater group and the low-pressure heater group.
进一步地,高压透平和中压透平用于驱动发电机A,低压透平用于驱动发电机B。Further, the high-pressure turbine and the medium-pressure turbine are used to drive the generator A, and the low-pressure turbine is used to drive the generator B.
进一步地,所述换热器C的CO2出口流出的为CO2液体。Further, what flows out of the CO2 outlet of the heat exchanger C is CO2 liquid.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1.满足电网规模储能的需要。LNG发电所需液氧在电网谷电时段生产并贮存,贮存空间小,储能设施投资可以大幅降低。根据初步估算,制氧储能耗功大致占机组发电量的25%~35%;而发电机组的循环热效率则可达到60%~65%。由于制氧消耗的是谷电,其发电机组的循环效率和经济效益远高于常规发电方案。1. To meet the needs of grid-scale energy storage. The liquid oxygen required for LNG power generation is produced and stored during the off-peak period of the power grid. The storage space is small, and the investment in energy storage facilities can be greatly reduced. According to preliminary estimates, the energy consumption of oxygen production and storage accounts for roughly 25% to 35% of the generating capacity of the unit; while the cycle thermal efficiency of the generating unit can reach 60% to 65%. Since oxygen production consumes valley electricity, the cycle efficiency and economic benefits of its generator set are much higher than conventional power generation schemes.
2.二氧化碳的捕集过程是结合透平乏汽的凝结过程完成的,系统较简单。LNG/液氧直燃给水混合工质动力循环采用液氧替代压缩空气,使LNG/液氧高压高温燃烧产物和给水混合产生H2O/CO2混合蒸汽在透平机组中膨胀发电,混合工质乏汽在冷凝器中凝结分离水分后,二氧化碳先后利用LNG和液氧预冷和压缩机升压并利用空分装置生产的部分液氮液化,从而实现二氧化碳的全捕集封存或可用于其他利用场合。由于燃烧产物作为工质,可以在透平中膨胀到环境温度附近,因此消除了排烟损失,且纯氧燃烧避免了NOx的生成,有优良的环保效益。2. The capture process of carbon dioxide is completed in combination with the condensation process of exhaust steam from the turbine, and the system is relatively simple. The LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion feedwater mixed working fluid power cycle uses liquid oxygen instead of compressed air, so that the LNG/liquid oxygen high-pressure high-temperature combustion products and feedwater are mixed to generate H 2 O/CO 2 mixed steam, which expands in the turbine unit to generate electricity. After the exhaust steam is condensed and separated from water in the condenser, the carbon dioxide is pre-cooled by LNG and liquid oxygen, boosted by the compressor, and liquefied by part of the liquid nitrogen produced by the air separation unit, so as to realize the full capture and storage of carbon dioxide or be used for other Take advantage of occasions. As the combustion product is used as the working medium, it can expand to near the ambient temperature in the turbine, so the loss of exhaust smoke is eliminated, and the pure oxygen combustion avoids the formation of NOx, which has excellent environmental protection benefits.
3.采用以燃烧调控机组功率的控制策略,即将高压燃烧室与高压透平进汽室采用单元化分组调节,由于燃烧室是按多个燃烧室模块化设计的,本发明的燃烧室启停调控相比锅炉有很强的便捷性,可以改变燃烧室的投运数量和燃料量来实现机组负荷的调节。3. Adopt the control strategy of regulating and controlling the power of the unit by combustion, that is, the high-pressure combustion chamber and the high-pressure turbine inlet chamber are regulated by unitization and grouping. Since the combustion chamber is designed according to the modularization of multiple combustion chambers, the combustion chamber of the present invention starts and stops Compared with the boiler, the regulation is more convenient. It can change the number of combustion chambers in operation and the amount of fuel to realize the regulation of the load of the unit.
4.在机组调峰方面从30MPa所需的透平高压缸的材料厚度考虑,像燃气轮机那样完全停机调峰可能不利于其使用寿命,故采用将工作温度较低的透平低压缸解列的运行方案,利用中压缸排汽口至冷凝器的旁路管线排汽,在保障设备安全的前提下可实现机组在低负荷下的较高效率运行。透平低压缸解列运行时,再热燃烧器不必投运,再热燃烧室仅作为通道。4. Considering the material thickness of the turbine high-pressure cylinder required for 30MPa in terms of unit peak regulation, a complete shutdown of the gas turbine for peak regulation may be detrimental to its service life, so the method of decoupling the low-temperature turbine low-pressure cylinder The operation plan uses the bypass pipeline from the exhaust port of the medium-pressure cylinder to the condenser to exhaust steam, and can realize the high-efficiency operation of the unit under low load under the premise of ensuring the safety of the equipment. When the turbine low-pressure cylinder is decoupled, the reheat burner does not need to be put into operation, and the reheat combustion chamber is only used as a channel.
5.循环热效率较高。除了上述有益于循环热效率提高的措施外,还得益于燃烧室在材料消耗上远比锅炉少,有条件使用比较昂贵的耐高温材料,所以本发明装置的运行参数即透平工质的进口压力和温度比较高;此外部分负荷时机组也具有较高的效率。5. The thermal efficiency of the cycle is high. In addition to the above-mentioned measures that are beneficial to the improvement of cycle heat efficiency, it also benefits from the fact that the material consumption of the combustion chamber is far less than that of the boiler, and it is possible to use relatively expensive high-temperature resistant materials. Therefore, the operating parameters of the device of the present invention are the inlet of the turbine working fluid. The pressure and temperature are relatively high; in addition, the unit also has high efficiency at part load.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的流程示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例的高压燃烧室示意图;Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the high-pressure combustion chamber of the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例的再热燃烧室示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reheat combustor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合图1对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明:Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail:
实施例:Example:
一种LNG/液氧直燃混合工质动力循环发电装置,其特征在于,包括作功子系统、回热循环子系统以及LNG和液氧供给与CO2捕集子系统,其中,A LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion mixed working fluid power cycle power generation device, characterized in that it includes a work subsystem, a heat recovery cycle subsystem, and an LNG and liquid oxygen supply and CO2 capture subsystem, wherein,
所述作功子系统包括高压燃烧室组1-1、再热燃烧室组1-2、高压透平1-3、中压透平1-4、低压透平1-5、发电机A 1-6、发电机B 1-7和阀组1-8;所述作功子系统采用H2O/CO2混合工质作为工质;所述高压燃烧室组1-1分为4组,分别对应于高压透平1-3的4个进汽室,每个高压燃烧室组1-1至少包含一个高压燃烧室1-1-1;所述高压燃烧室1-1-1由高压燃烧室筒体1-1-1-1、高压燃烧室燃烧器1-1-1-2、高压燃烧室火焰筒1-1-1-3、高压燃烧室螺旋折流板组1-1-1-4、高压燃烧室环形端板1-1-1-5、高压燃烧室雾化喷嘴组1-1-1-6、高压燃烧室左端板1-1-1-7、高压燃烧室进水接管1-1-1-8、高压燃烧室收缩段及出口接管1-1-1-9组成;所述高压燃烧室螺旋折流板组1-1-1-4在高压燃烧室筒体1-1-1-1与高压燃烧室火焰筒1-1-1-3之间的环形空间形成通流截面积逐渐增大的螺旋通道;所述高压燃烧室燃烧器1-1-1-2设有高压燃烧室天然气进口1-1-1-10和高压燃烧室氧气进口1-1-1-11;所述再热燃烧室组1-2分组数量与高压透平排气口数量相同,每组再热燃烧室组1-2至少包括1个再热燃烧室1-2-1;所述再热燃烧室1-2-1由再热燃烧室筒体1-2-1-1、再热燃烧室燃烧器1-2-1-2、再热燃烧室火焰筒1-2-1-3、再热燃烧室螺旋折流板组1-2-1-4、再热燃烧室左端板1-2-1-7、再热燃烧室工质进口接管1-2-1-8、再热燃烧室收缩段及出口接管1-2-1-9组成;所述再热燃烧室螺旋折流板组1-2-1-4在再热燃烧室筒体1-2-1-1与再热燃烧室火焰筒1-2-1-3之间的环形空间形成通流截面积逐渐增大的螺旋通道;所述再热燃烧室燃烧器1-2-1-2设有再热燃烧室天然气进口1-2-1-10和再热燃烧室氧气进口1-2-1-11;所述阀组1-8包括高压燃烧室天然气进口阀组1-8-1、高压燃烧室氧气进口阀组1-8-2、高压燃烧室给水进口阀组1-8-3、高压透平进口阀组1-8-4、再热燃烧室天然气进口阀组1-8-5、再热燃烧室氧气进口阀组1-8-6、中压透平进口阀组1-8-7、中压透平抽汽阀A 1-8-8、中压透平出口旁路阀组1-8-9和低压透平进口阀组1-8-10;各高压燃烧室1-1-1的高压燃烧室收缩段及出口接管1-1-1-9通过高压透平进口阀组1-8-4连接高压透平1-3的4组进汽室,高压透平的出口分别与再热燃烧室组1-2的各再热燃烧室工质进口接管1-2-1-8相连接,再热燃烧室组1-2的各再热燃烧室1-2-1的再热燃烧室收缩段及出口接管1-2-1-9通过中压透平进口阀组1-8-7与中压透平1-4的进口相连接;The working subsystem includes a high-pressure combustor group 1-1, a reheat combustor group 1-2, a high-pressure turbine 1-3, a medium-pressure turbine 1-4, a low-pressure turbine 1-5, and a generator A 1 -6. Generator B 1-7 and valve group 1-8; the working subsystem uses H2O/CO2 mixed working fluid as the working fluid; the high-pressure combustion chamber group 1-1 is divided into 4 groups, corresponding to The four inlet chambers of the high-pressure turbine 1-3, each high-pressure combustor group 1-1 contains at least one high-pressure combustor 1-1-1; the high-pressure combustor 1-1-1 consists of a high-pressure combustor barrel 1-1-1-1, high-pressure combustion chamber burner 1-1-1-2, high-pressure combustion chamber flame tube 1-1-1-3, high-pressure combustion chamber spiral baffle group 1-1-1-4, High-pressure combustion chamber annular end plate 1-1-1-5, high-pressure combustion chamber atomization nozzle group 1-1-1-6, high-pressure combustion chamber left end plate 1-1-1-7, high-pressure combustion chamber water inlet connection 1- 1-1-8. The contraction section of the high-pressure combustion chamber and the outlet connecting pipe 1-1-1-9; The annular space between 1-1 and the high-pressure combustor flame tube 1-1-1-3 forms a spiral channel with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area; the high-pressure combustor burner 1-1-1-2 is equipped with a high-pressure Combustor natural gas inlet 1-1-1-10 and high-pressure combustor oxygen inlet 1-1-1-11; said reheat combustor groups 1-2 are grouped in the same number as high-pressure turbine exhaust ports, and each group is reheated The thermal combustor group 1-2 includes at least one reheat combustor 1-2-1; Chamber burner 1-2-1-2, reheat combustion chamber flame tube 1-2-1-3, reheat combustion chamber spiral baffle group 1-2-1-4, reheat combustion chamber left end plate 1- 2-1-7. Reheat combustion chamber working medium inlet connection 1-2-1-8, reheat combustion chamber contraction section and outlet connection 1-2-1-9; said reheat combustion chamber spiral baffle The group 1-2-1-4 forms an annular space between the reheating combustor barrel 1-2-1-1 and the reheating combustor flame barrel 1-2-1-3, and the flow cross-sectional area gradually increases Spiral passage; said reheat combustor burner 1-2-1-2 is provided with reheat combustor natural gas inlet 1-2-1-10 and reheat combustor oxygen inlet 1-2-1-11; said Valve group 1-8 includes high-pressure combustion chamber natural gas inlet valve group 1-8-1, high-pressure combustion chamber oxygen inlet valve group 1-8-2, high-pressure combustion chamber water supply inlet valve group 1-8-3, high-pressure turbine inlet valve group Group 1-8-4, reheat combustor natural gas inlet valve group 1-8-5, reheat combustor oxygen inlet valve group 1-8-6, medium pressure turbine inlet valve group 1-8-7, medium pressure Turbine extraction valve A 1-8-8, medium pressure turbine outlet bypass valve group 1-8-9 and low pressure turbine inlet valve group 1-8-10; each high pressure combustion chamber 1-1-1 high pressure The constriction section of the combustion chamber and the outlet connecting pipe 1-1-1-9 are imported through the high-pressure turbine Valve groups 1-8-4 are connected to 4 sets of steam inlet chambers of high-pressure turbines 1-3, and the outlets of high-pressure turbines are respectively connected to the working fluid inlets of reheat combustors of reheat combustor group 1-2 1-2- 1-8 are connected, the reheat combustor contraction section of each reheat combustor 1-2-1 of the reheat combustor group 1-2 and the outlet connecting pipe 1-2-1-9 pass through the inlet valve group of the medium pressure turbine 1-8-7 is connected with the inlet of medium pressure turbine 1-4;
所述回热循环子系统包括冷凝器2-1、低压加热器组2-2、高压加热器组2-3、凝结水泵2-4、给水泵2-5和排水阀2-6;冷凝器2-1冷却水侧包括进水口2-1-1和出水口2-1-2,冷凝器凝结水出口2-1-4通过凝结水泵2-4与低压加热器组2-2进口相连,低压加热器组2-2出口通过给水泵2-5与高压加热器组2-3进口相连;高压加热器组2-3出口通过高压燃烧室给水进口阀组1-8-3与高压燃烧室进水接管1-1-1-8相连;所述排水阀2-6的进口与凝结水泵2-4出口管线相连;The regenerative cycle subsystem includes a condenser 2-1, a low pressure heater group 2-2, a high pressure heater group 2-3, a condensate pump 2-4, a feed water pump 2-5 and a drain valve 2-6; 2-1 The cooling water side includes the water inlet 2-1-1 and the water outlet 2-1-2, the condenser condensate outlet 2-1-4 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure heater group 2-2 through the condensate pump 2-4, The outlet of low-pressure heater group 2-2 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure heater group 2-3 through feed water pump 2-5; the outlet of high-pressure heater group 2-3 is connected to the high-pressure combustion chamber through high-pressure combustion chamber feedwater The water inlet connecting pipe 1-1-1-8 is connected; the inlet of the drain valve 2-6 is connected with the outlet pipeline of the condensate pump 2-4;
所述LNG和液氧供给与CO2捕集子系统包括LNG储罐3-1、液氧储罐3-2、LNG泵3-3、液氧泵3-4、CO2压缩机3-5、换热器A3-6、换热器B 3-7、换热器C 3-8和换热器D 3-9;LNG储罐3-1出口通过LNG泵3-3与换热器A的LNG侧进口3-6-1相连接,换热器A的LNG侧出口3-6-2与换热器D的LNG进口3-9-1相连接,换热器D的LNG的出口3-9-2分别通过高压燃烧室天然气进口阀组1-8-1与各高压燃烧室天然气进口1-1-1-10相连接和通过再热燃烧室天然气进口阀组1-8-5与各再热燃烧室天然气进口1-2-1-10相连接;液氧储罐3-2出口通过液氧泵3-4与换热器B的液氧进口3-7-1相连接,换热器B的液氧出口3-7-2与换热器D的液氧侧进口3-9-3相连接,换热器D的液氧侧出口3-9-4分别通过高压燃烧室液氧进口阀组1-8-2与各高压燃烧室液氧进口1-1-1-11相连接和通过再热燃烧室液氧进口阀组1-8-6与各再热燃烧室液氧进口1-2-1-11相连接;换热器A的CO2侧进口3-6-3设在冷凝器2-1液位以上的壳体上,换热器A的CO2侧出口3-6-4通过CO2压缩机3-5与换热器B的CO2进口3-7-3相连接,换热器B的CO2出口3-7-4与换热器C的CO2进口3-8-3相连接,换热器C包括CO2出口3-8-4;The LNG and liquid oxygen supply and CO2 capture subsystem includes LNG storage tank 3-1, liquid oxygen storage tank 3-2, LNG pump 3-3, liquid oxygen pump 3-4, CO2 compressor 3-5, Heater A3-6, heat exchanger B3-7, heat exchanger C3-8 and heat exchanger D3-9; the LNG from the outlet of LNG storage tank 3-1 passes through LNG pump 3-3 and heat exchanger A The side inlet 3-6-1 is connected, the LNG side outlet 3-6-2 of heat exchanger A is connected with the LNG inlet 3-9-1 of heat exchanger D, and the LNG outlet 3-9 of heat exchanger D -2 Connect the natural gas inlets 1-1-1-10 of the high-pressure combustors through the natural gas inlet valve group 1-8-1 of the high-pressure combustor and connect with the natural gas inlet valve group 1-8-5 of the reheating combustor respectively The natural gas inlet of the thermal combustion chamber is connected with 1-2-1-10; the outlet of liquid oxygen storage tank 3-2 is connected with the liquid oxygen inlet 3-7-1 of heat exchanger B through liquid oxygen pump 3-4, and the heat exchanger The liquid oxygen outlet 3-7-2 of B is connected to the liquid oxygen side inlet 3-9-3 of the heat exchanger D, and the liquid oxygen side outlet 3-9-4 of the heat exchanger D passes through the liquid oxygen inlet of the high-pressure combustion chamber respectively The valve group 1-8-2 is connected with the liquid oxygen inlet 1-1-1-11 of each high-pressure combustor and through the liquid oxygen inlet valve group 1-8-6 of the reheat combustor and the liquid oxygen inlet 1 of each reheat combustor -2-1-11 phase connection; the CO2 side inlet 3-6-3 of the heat exchanger A is set on the shell above the liquid level of the condenser 2-1, and the CO2 side outlet of the heat exchanger A 3-6-4 Connect the CO2 inlet 3-7-3 of the heat exchanger B through the CO2 compressor 3-5, and connect the CO2 outlet 3-7-4 of the heat exchanger B with the CO2 inlet 3-8-3 of the heat exchanger C , heat exchanger C includes CO2 outlet 3-8-4;
中压透平第一级抽汽口通过中压透平抽汽阀A 1-8-8与换热器D 3-9的过热蒸汽进汽口3-9-5相连接,换热器D的过热蒸汽出汽口3-9-6将与高压加热器组2-3的某个高压加热器的蒸汽进汽口相连接;中压透平的下排汽口通过中压透平出口旁路阀组1-8-9与冷凝器进汽口B 2-1-5相连接,中压透平的上排汽口通过低压透平进口阀组1-8-10与低压透平1-5进口相连接;低压透平1-5的出口与冷凝器进汽口A 2-1-3相连接;高压透平、低压透平的各抽汽口和中压透平的其他各抽汽口都分别与高压加热器组2-3和低压加热器组2-2的各蒸汽进汽口对应连接。The first-stage steam extraction port of the medium-pressure turbine is connected to the superheated steam inlet 3-9-5 of the heat exchanger D 3-9 through the steam extraction valve A 1-8-8 of the medium-pressure turbine, and the heat exchanger D The superheated steam outlet 3-9-6 of the superheated steam will be connected with the steam inlet of a certain high-pressure heater of the high-pressure heater group 2-3; Road valve group 1-8-9 is connected to the condenser steam inlet B 2-1-5, and the upper exhaust port of the medium pressure turbine is connected to the low pressure turbine 1-8 through the low pressure turbine inlet valve group 1-8-10 5 inlets are connected; the outlets of the low-pressure turbine 1-5 are connected with the steam inlet A 2-1-3 of the condenser; the steam extraction ports of the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure turbine and other steam extraction ports of the medium-pressure turbine The ports are respectively connected with the steam inlets of the high-pressure heater group 2-3 and the low-pressure heater group 2-2.
比较好的是,所述的一种LNG/液氧直燃混合工质动力循环发电装置的高压透平1-3和中压透平1-4用于驱动发电机A 1-6,低压透平1-5用于驱动发电机B 1-7。所述换热器C的CO2出口3-8-4流出的为CO2液体。Preferably, the high-pressure turbine 1-3 and the medium-pressure turbine 1-4 of the described LNG/liquid oxygen direct combustion mixed working medium power cycle power generation device are used to drive the generator A 1-6, and the low-pressure turbine Flats 1-5 are used to drive generators B 1-7. What flows out of the CO2 outlet 3-8-4 of the heat exchanger C is CO2 liquid.
本发明之工作流程如下:The working process of the present invention is as follows:
在谷电时段运行空气分离装置制备液氧和液氮,在非峰电时段发电机组按低压透平1-5解列的部分负荷(约20%)运行;在峰电时段发电机组全部透平投入运行;发电机组运行时,LNG/液氧在高压燃烧室组1-1中燃烧并加热混合给水,产生H2O/CO2混合蒸汽,在透平中分段膨胀作功发电,膨胀过程设置一次补燃再热;透平低压缸解列运行时,再热燃烧器不必投运,再热燃烧室仅作为通道。透平乏汽在冷凝器2-1中凝结,并将水分与CO2分离,大部分凝结水经给水回热系统循环流回高压燃烧室组,与燃烧产物数量对应的部分H2O则通过排水阀2-6排出系统。气态CO2通过进口布置在冷凝器壳体上的换热器A 3-6被LNG预冷,在压缩机3-5中升压后在换热器B 3-7中进一步被液氧冷却降温,然后在换热器C 3-8中利用空分装置生产的部分液氮将CO2液化。为使天然气和氧气分别达到燃烧器进口参数,两者都在换热器D 3-9中被从中压缸引出的抽汽的过热蒸汽段加热后再流至各燃烧室,此处的过热蒸汽压力较低但过热度较大,直接加热给水并不经济。在高压燃烧室1-1-1中设置火焰筒,在火焰筒内天然气与氧气稳燃产生高温高压混合蒸汽,在高压燃烧室火焰筒外面的环形空间注入高压给水(对于再热燃烧室是冷再热混合蒸汽),一方面对燃烧室火焰筒进行冷却,另一方面自身吸热蒸发,汽水混合物在火焰区出口喷雾与燃烧产物混合传热,将混合工质蒸汽的压力、温度调整到设备的安全运行限域内,然后依次进入高压透平、再热燃烧室、中压透平和低压透平中膨胀作功和一次再热;在非峰电时段发电机组按低压透平解列的部分负荷运行时,低压透平进口阀组1-8-10关闭,中压透平出口旁路阀组1-8-9打开,混合蒸汽乏汽直接进入冷凝器2-1。Run the air separation device to prepare liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen during the off-peak period, and the generator set operates at the partial load (about 20%) of the low-pressure turbine 1-5 during the off-peak period; all turbines of the generator set during the peak period Putting into operation; when the generator set is running, LNG/liquid oxygen burns in the high-pressure combustor group 1-1 and heats the mixed feed water to generate H2O/CO2 mixed steam, which expands in stages in the turbine to generate power. Burning and reheating; when the turbine low-pressure cylinder is decommissioned, the reheating burner does not need to be put into operation, and the reheating combustion chamber is only used as a channel. The turbine exhaust steam is condensed in the condenser 2-1, and the water is separated from CO2. Most of the condensed water flows back to the high-pressure combustor group through the feed water recovery system, and part of the H2O corresponding to the amount of combustion products passes through the drain valve 2. -6 exhaust system. Gaseous CO2 is pre-cooled by LNG through the heat exchanger A 3-6 whose inlet is arranged on the condenser shell, and is further cooled by liquid oxygen in the heat exchanger B 3-7 after boosting in the compressor 3-5. The CO2 is then liquefied in heat exchanger C 3-8 using part of the liquid nitrogen produced by the air separation unit. In order to make natural gas and oxygen reach the inlet parameters of the burner, both are heated by the superheated steam section of the extraction steam drawn from the medium-pressure cylinder in the heat exchanger D 3-9, and then flow to each combustion chamber, where the superheated steam The pressure is low but the degree of superheat is high, and it is not economical to directly heat the feed water. A flame cylinder is set in the high-pressure combustion chamber 1-1-1, and the natural gas and oxygen are stably combusted in the flame cylinder to generate high-temperature and high-pressure mixed steam, and high-pressure feed water is injected into the annular space outside the flame cylinder of the high-pressure combustion chamber (cooling for the reheat combustion chamber) Reheating mixed steam), on the one hand, it cools the flame tube of the combustion chamber, on the other hand, it absorbs heat and evaporates itself, and the steam-water mixture is sprayed at the outlet of the flame area to mix and transfer heat with the combustion products, and the pressure and temperature of the mixed working medium steam are adjusted to the equipment within the safe operation range, and then sequentially enter the high-pressure turbine, reheat combustor, medium-pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine for expansion work and primary reheating; during off-peak hours, the generator set is de-loaded according to the low-pressure turbine part load During operation, the low-pressure turbine inlet valve group 1-8-10 is closed, the medium-pressure turbine outlet bypass valve group 1-8-9 is opened, and the exhausted mixed steam directly enters the condenser 2-1.
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