CN106194296A - Thermoelectric decoupling heating system for extracting steam from power station boiler - Google Patents
Thermoelectric decoupling heating system for extracting steam from power station boiler Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统，热网回水主要采用凝汽换热器进行加热，在凝汽换热器后面再增加抽汽加热器，抽汽加热器的热源蒸汽从电站锅炉的过热段或再热段抽取；当汽轮机发电系统处于高负荷时，完全采用汽轮机排汽或从汽轮机中、低压缸连通管抽取的蒸汽在凝汽换热器凝结放热来加热热网水，当汽轮发电系统负荷降低，凝汽换热器加热能力不足时，从电站锅炉抽取高压蒸汽经降压后送至抽汽加热器，给热网水进一步升温，以保证低发电负荷下供热能力不减；本发明可以实现供热电厂的热电解耦，保证低发电负荷下供热能力不减，并且可以减少低负荷下电站锅炉尾部烟气温度的降低，保证锅炉脱硝系统工作正常。
The invention discloses a thermoelectric decoupling heating system for extracting steam from a boiler in a power station. The return water of the heating network is mainly heated by a condensing heat exchanger, and a steam extraction heater is added behind the condensing heat exchanger to heat the steam. The heat source steam of the boiler is extracted from the superheating section or reheating section of the power plant boiler; when the steam turbine power generation system is under high load, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine or the steam extracted from the connecting pipe of the medium and low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is condensed and released in the condensing steam heat exchanger. When the load of the steam turbine power generation system decreases and the heating capacity of the condensing heat exchanger is insufficient, the high-pressure steam is extracted from the power station boiler and sent to the steam extraction heater after decompression to further increase the temperature of the water in the heating network. Ensure that the heat supply capacity does not decrease under low power generation load; the invention can realize the thermoelectric decoupling of the heat supply power plant, ensure that the heat supply capacity does not decrease under low power generation load, and can reduce the reduction of the flue gas temperature at the tail of the power station boiler under low load, ensuring that the boiler The denitrification system works normally.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃煤发电热电联产技术领域，涉及一种从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of coal-fired power generation combined heat and power, and relates to a thermoelectric decoupling heat supply system that extracts steam from a power station boiler.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国节能减排工作的深入开展，在我国部分地区尤其是有条件的北方地区，很多燃煤电厂都改造成为冬季能够为周边居民供热的热电联产电厂。热电联产的好处是，可以利用高品质的蒸汽发电的同时，为周边居民区提供采暖热能，避免了热力发电系统的冷端损失，大幅的提高了能量利用率，同时电厂可以收取供暖费用，提高了电厂效益。With the in-depth development of my country's energy conservation and emission reduction work, many coal-fired power plants have been transformed into combined heat and power plants that can provide heat for surrounding residents in winter in some areas of our country, especially in northern areas where conditions permit. The advantage of combined heat and power generation is that it can use high-quality steam to generate electricity while providing heating heat for surrounding residential areas, avoiding the loss of the cold end of the thermal power generation system, and greatly improving energy utilization. At the same time, the power plant can charge heating fees. Improve power plant efficiency.
然而，电厂在冬季进行热电联产向居民供热的这种运行模式还存在一些技术上的不足，目前电厂多采用以热定电的运行方式，电厂的供热量与发电量有固定的对应关系，即当电厂供热负荷确定以后，电厂的发电负荷也随之固定，为保障供热，电厂的发电负荷不能变动，因此电厂发电量的灵活性受到了极大的制约。随着我国可再生能源发电的不断发展，尤其是风电装机规模的不断上升，电网对于火电机组的调峰要求越来越多。由于以风电为代表的新的可再生能源发电极不稳定，电网要求常规火电机组承担越来越多的调峰任务，这就需要火电机组提高自身发电负荷调节的灵活性。为了配合可再生能源发电的上网，原来不需要参与调峰的供热机组也要逐渐承担起电网调峰的使命，因此供热机组以热定电的运行方式将不再适应，必须进行热电解耦。However, there are still some technical deficiencies in the operation mode of the power plant that conducts cogeneration of heat and power to supply heat to residents in winter. At present, most power plants adopt the operation mode of determining power by heat, and the heat supply of the power plant has a fixed correspondence with the power generation. Relationship, that is, when the heat supply load of the power plant is determined, the power generation load of the power plant is also fixed. In order to ensure the heat supply, the power generation load of the power plant cannot be changed, so the flexibility of the power generation capacity of the power plant is greatly restricted. With the continuous development of renewable energy power generation in my country, especially the continuous increase in the installed capacity of wind power, the power grid has more and more requirements for peak regulation of thermal power units. Due to the unstable generation of new renewable energy represented by wind power, the power grid requires conventional thermal power units to undertake more and more peak-shaving tasks, which requires thermal power units to improve their flexibility in power generation load regulation. In order to cooperate with the grid connection of renewable energy power generation, the heating units that did not need to participate in peak regulation will gradually undertake the mission of grid peak regulation. Therefore, the operation mode of heating units that use thermal constant power will no longer adapt, and thermal electrolysis must be carried out. couple.
目前已有的热电解耦方式大约有两种，一种是在热网系统内增设备用锅炉，当电厂因发电负荷降低而供热能力下降时，启动备用锅炉，以补充电厂供热能力的缺口，这种热电解耦方式，由于需要新建全容量的备用锅炉，因而投资成本较大，由于备用锅炉需要频繁启停，运行和维护成本也很高。备用锅炉多采用燃气锅炉，虽然在粉尘和二氧化硫排放方面具有环保优势，但是目前的燃气锅炉在NOx减排方面表现并不突出，还存在NOx排放超标的问题。At present, there are about two thermoelectric decoupling methods. One is to add boilers for equipment in the heating network system. When the power generation load of the power plant decreases and the heating capacity drops, the standby boiler is started to supplement the heating capacity of the power plant. Gap, this thermoelectric decoupling method requires a new full-capacity standby boiler, so the investment cost is relatively high. Since the standby boiler needs to be started and stopped frequently, the operation and maintenance costs are also high. Most of the backup boilers use gas-fired boilers. Although they have environmental protection advantages in terms of dust and sulfur dioxide emissions, the current gas-fired boilers are not outstanding in terms of NOx emission reduction, and there is still the problem of excessive NOx emissions.
另一种热电解耦的方式是在热网内设置储热装置，在电厂发电负荷高、供热能力强的时候，储能系统存储一定的热能，当电厂因为降低发电负荷供热量减少时，利用储能装置储存的热量补充电厂供热的不足，待电厂负荷上升以后，再利用电厂热量补充储能装置的储热。储能介质通常为热水，因此需要建设非常庞大的储水箱，该方法占地面积大、投资成本高，储热能力和持续供热时间有限。因此，为了使热电联产机组能够参与调峰，还需要更加灵活的热电解耦方案。Another way of thermoelectric decoupling is to install a heat storage device in the heat network. When the power generation load of the power plant is high and the heat supply capacity is strong, the energy storage system stores a certain amount of heat energy. When the heat supply of the power plant decreases due to the reduction of power generation load , use the heat stored in the energy storage device to supplement the insufficient heat supply of the power plant, and then use the heat of the power plant to supplement the heat storage of the energy storage device after the load of the power plant increases. The energy storage medium is usually hot water, so it is necessary to build a very large water storage tank. This method occupies a large area, has high investment costs, and has limited heat storage capacity and continuous heating time. Therefore, in order to enable cogeneration units to participate in peak regulation, a more flexible thermoelectric decoupling scheme is needed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决供热电厂以热定电的运行模式，机组灵活性低无法承担调峰任务的问题，本发明提出一种从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统，利用该系统可花费较低的成本即能实现热电解耦。In order to solve the problem that the heat supply power plant operates in the heat-fixed power mode, and the unit has low flexibility and cannot undertake the peak-shaving task, the present invention proposes a thermoelectric decoupling heat supply system that draws steam from the power station boiler, which can be used at a lower cost The cost can achieve thermoelectric decoupling.
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统，包括电站锅炉、汽轮机、汽轮发电机、凝结水泵、低压加热器、除氧器、给水泵和高压加热器，还包括凝汽换热器、抽汽减压器、抽汽加热器和热网用户；A thermoelectric decoupling heat supply system that extracts steam from a utility boiler, including a utility boiler, a steam turbine, a turbogenerator, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater, a deaerator, a feedwater pump, and a high-pressure heater, and also includes a condensing steam heat exchange devices, extraction pressure reducers, extraction heaters and heat network users;
凝汽换热器的蒸汽入口与汽轮机高背压排汽相连，或与汽轮机的中压缸与低压缸之间的抽蒸汽连通管相连，凝汽换热器凝结水出口与凝结水泵入口相连；热网用户回水口经热网水泵与凝汽换热器的热网水入口相连，凝汽换热器热网水出口与抽汽加热器热网水入口相连，抽汽加热器热网水出口与热网用户相连，凝汽换热器热网水出口还通过抽汽加热器旁路与热网用户相连；The steam inlet of the condensing heat exchanger is connected with the high back pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine, or connected with the steam extraction connecting pipe between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and the condensate water outlet of the condensate heat exchanger is connected with the condensate pump inlet; The water return port of the heating network user is connected to the heating network water inlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger through the heating network water pump, the heating network water outlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger is connected to the heating network water inlet of the extraction heater, and the heating network water outlet of the extraction heater It is connected to the heating network users, and the water outlet of the heating network of the condensing heat exchanger is also connected to the heating network users through the bypass of the extraction heater;
抽汽加热器蒸汽入口经抽汽减压器从电站锅炉的过热段或再热段抽取热源蒸汽；抽汽加热器冷凝水出口与除氧器除氧水箱相连。The steam inlet of the extraction heater extracts heat source steam from the superheating section or reheating section of the utility boiler through the extraction reducer; the condensate outlet of the extraction heater is connected with the deaerator water tank of the deaerator.
进入凝汽换热器内的蒸汽被热网水冷凝后通过凝结水泵送回汽轮机给水加热系统；热网回水先经凝汽换热器利用汽轮机抽汽或高背压汽轮机排汽加热后再送入抽汽加热器加热，最后送回热网。The steam entering the condensing steam heat exchanger is condensed by the heating network water and then sent back to the steam turbine feedwater heating system through the condensate pump; the heating network return water is first passed through the condensing steam heat exchanger and then heated by steam turbine extraction or high back pressure turbine exhaust steam and then sent to the The extracted steam is heated by the heater, and finally sent back to the heat network.
抽汽加热器从电站锅炉内抽取蒸汽作为热源蒸汽，其抽汽位置为电站锅炉的低压过热器之后、屏式过热器之后、高温过热器之前或者低温再热器之后；The steam extraction heater extracts steam from the utility boiler as heat source steam, and its steam extraction position is after the low-pressure superheater, after the panel superheater, before the high-temperature superheater or after the low-temperature reheater of the utility boiler;
蒸汽从电站锅炉抽出后，先经过抽汽减压器降压，然后送往抽汽加热器，在抽汽加热器内凝结放热后形成冷凝水，经管路送至除氧器；抽汽加热器设置的抽汽加热器旁路，根据负荷情况通过调节阀门开关使热网回水经过抽汽加热器加热，或不经过抽汽加热器而直接送往热网用户。After the steam is extracted from the power plant boiler, it first passes through the steam extraction pressure reducer to reduce the pressure, and then is sent to the steam extraction heater, where it condenses and releases heat in the steam extraction heater to form condensed water, which is sent to the deaerator through the pipeline; the steam extraction is heated According to the load conditions, the return water of the heating network can be heated by the extraction heater by adjusting the valve switch, or directly sent to the heating network users without passing through the extraction heater.
当凝汽换热器对热网回水的加热能力充足时，进入凝汽换热器内的蒸汽把热网回水加热至要求的供热温度，热网回水在凝汽换热器内被加热后经过抽汽加热器旁路直接送往热网用户，此时抽汽加热器不工作，不从电站锅炉抽蒸汽；When the condensing heat exchanger has sufficient heating capacity for the return water of the heating network, the steam entering the condensing heat exchanger heats the return water of the heating network to the required heating temperature, and the return water of the heating network is in the condensing heat exchanger After being heated, it is bypassed by the steam extraction heater and directly sent to the heating network user. At this time, the steam extraction heater does not work, and no steam is extracted from the utility boiler;
当凝汽换热器对热网回水的加热能力不足时，则打开热网回水进入抽汽加热器的管路，关闭抽汽加热器旁路，利用抽汽加热器继续对热网水加热升温，调节从电站锅炉向抽汽加热器的抽汽量，使抽汽加热器的热网水出口的温度满足供热要求。When the heating capacity of the condensing heat exchanger for the return water of the heating network is insufficient, open the pipeline for the return water of the heating network to enter the extraction heater, close the bypass of the extraction heater, and use the extraction heater to continue to heat the water in the heating network. Heating to raise the temperature, adjust the amount of steam extracted from the utility boiler to the steam extraction heater, so that the temperature of the water outlet of the heating network of the steam extraction heater meets the heating requirements.
所述的抽汽加热器蒸汽入口与抽汽减压器出口相连，抽汽加热器冷凝水出口与除氧器除氧水箱相连；抽汽减压器的入口与电站锅炉内的抽汽口相连。The steam inlet of the steam extraction heater is connected with the outlet of the steam extraction pressure reducer, the condensate water outlet of the steam extraction heater is connected with the deaerator water tank of the deaerator; the inlet of the steam extraction pressure reducer is connected with the steam extraction port in the utility boiler .
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明提供的从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统，热网回水主要采用凝汽换热器进行加热，在凝汽换热器后面再增加抽汽加热器，抽汽加热器的热源蒸汽从电站锅炉的过热段或再热段抽取；其中凝汽换热器利用汽轮机高背压排汽，或从汽轮机中压缸与低压缸之间的连通管抽蒸汽来加热热网回水，蒸汽本身被热网水冷凝后通过凝结水泵送回汽轮机给水加热系统；热网回水先经过汽轮机抽汽或高背压汽轮机排汽加热后再送入抽汽加热器加热，最后送回热网；抽汽加热器作为热网水的辅助加热手段，利用从电站锅炉内抽取的高温高压蒸汽作为抽汽加热器的热源，通过调节从锅炉的抽汽量，即可调节抽汽加热器的加热负荷，使送往热网的供热水温达到要求。从而可以实现热电解耦，使热电联产电厂具有配合电网的调峰能力，当电厂发电量降低时，可保持供热能力不降低。In the thermoelectric decoupling heating system that extracts steam from power plant boilers provided by the present invention, the return water of the heating network is mainly heated by a condensing heat exchanger, and a steam extraction heater is added behind the condensing heat exchanger. The heat source steam is extracted from the superheating section or reheating section of the power plant boiler; the condensing steam heat exchanger uses the high back pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine, or draws steam from the connecting pipe between the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to heat the return water of the heating network , the steam itself is condensed by the heating network water and sent back to the steam turbine feed water heating system through the condensate pump; the heating network return water is first heated by the steam extraction of the steam turbine or the exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine, and then sent to the extraction heater for heating, and finally sent back to the heating network; The steam extraction heater is used as an auxiliary heating method for the heating network water. It uses the high-temperature and high-pressure steam extracted from the power station boiler as the heat source of the steam extraction heater. By adjusting the amount of steam extraction from the boiler, the heating load of the steam extraction heater can be adjusted. , so that the temperature of the hot water sent to the heating network meets the requirements. In this way, heat and electricity decoupling can be realized, so that the combined heat and power plant has the peak-shaving ability to match the power grid, and when the power generation of the power plant decreases, the heat supply capacity can be kept from falling.
当汽轮机发电系统处于高负荷的时候，汽轮机蒸汽流量很大，从汽轮机中、低压缸之间的连通管抽取的蒸汽或高背压汽轮机排汽在凝汽换热器内足以把热网回水加热至供热要求的温度，热网回水在凝汽换热器内被加热后经过抽汽加热器旁路直接送往热网用户，此时抽汽加热器不工作，不需从电站锅炉抽汽；When the steam turbine power generation system is under high load, the steam flow of the steam turbine is very large, and the steam extracted from the connecting pipe between the medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine or the exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine is enough to return the heat network to the water in the condensing heat exchanger Heating to the temperature required by the heating supply, the return water of the heating network is heated in the condensing heat exchanger and then directly sent to the heating network user through the bypass of the steam extraction heater. extract steam;
当汽轮机发电系统受电网调峰要求降低负荷以后，汽轮机蒸汽流量减少，从汽轮机中、低压缸之间的连通管抽取的蒸汽或高背压汽轮机排汽也对应减少，凝汽换热器对热网回水的加热能力下降，凝汽换热器热网水出口的温度达不到供热要求，此时，打开抽汽加热器管路，关闭抽汽加热器旁路，利用抽汽加热器继续对热网水加热升温，调节从电站锅炉向抽汽加热器的抽汽量，使抽汽加热器热网水出口的温度达到供热要求，从而保证在汽轮机发电负荷降低的时候，向热网用户的供热能力不减，实现热电解耦。When the load of the steam turbine power generation system is reduced due to the peak-shaving requirement of the power grid, the steam flow of the steam turbine decreases, and the steam extracted from the connecting pipe between the medium and low-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine or the exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine also decreases correspondingly. The heating capacity of the network return water decreases, and the temperature of the water outlet of the heat network of the condensing heat exchanger cannot meet the heating requirements. At this time, open the pipeline of the extraction heater, close the bypass of the extraction heater, and use the extraction heater Continue to heat up the water in the heating network, adjust the amount of steam extracted from the utility boiler to the extraction heater, so that the temperature of the outlet of the heating network water of the extraction heater meets the heating requirements, so as to ensure that when the power generation load of the steam turbine is reduced, the The heating capacity of grid users is not reduced, and thermoelectric decoupling is realized.
本发明还可以提升电站锅炉低负荷的脱硝环保性能：通常在电厂发电负荷降低时，电站锅炉负荷也降低，这时候电站锅炉尾部烟气温度下降的比较厉害，烟温下降会使锅炉尾部的SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction，选择性催化还原)系统失效，脱硝系统切除，造成环境污染；而采用本发明的供热系统，在电站锅炉负荷降低时，由于从锅炉蒸汽吸热面中段抽出了部分蒸汽送去抽汽加热器，由于部分蒸汽的提前抽出使得锅炉后部换热器的蒸汽流量减少，剩余蒸汽对烟气的冷却能力下降，对锅炉烟气的冷却能力减小，因而可以提高锅炉尾部的排烟温度，从而使得电站锅炉不会因为负荷降低导致排烟温度过低，避免SCR脱销系统失效，保证脱硝系统在锅炉低负荷下正常运行。The invention can also improve the denitrification environmental protection performance of the power plant boiler at low load: usually when the power generation load of the power plant is reduced, the load of the power plant boiler is also reduced. (Selective Catalytic Reduction, Selective Catalytic Reduction) system fails, and the denitrification system is cut off, causing environmental pollution; while using the heating system of the present invention, when the power plant boiler load is reduced, since part of the steam is drawn from the middle section of the boiler steam heat absorption surface to send Remove the steam extraction heater, due to the early extraction of part of the steam, the steam flow rate of the heat exchanger at the rear of the boiler is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the remaining steam to the flue gas is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the boiler flue gas is reduced, so the boiler tail can be improved. The flue gas temperature, so that the power plant boiler will not cause the exhaust gas temperature to be too low due to the load reduction, avoid the failure of the SCR out-of-stock system, and ensure the normal operation of the denitrification system under the low load of the boiler.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的热电解耦供热系统示意图之一，凝汽换热器的蒸汽源采用从汽轮机中、低压缸之间的连通管抽汽。Figure 1 is one of the schematic diagrams of the thermoelectric decoupling heating system of the present invention. The steam source of the condensing heat exchanger adopts steam extraction from the connecting pipe between the middle and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine.
图2为本发明的热电解耦供热系统示意图之二，凝汽换热器的蒸汽源采用高背压汽轮机的排汽。Fig. 2 is the second schematic diagram of the thermoelectric decoupling heating system of the present invention, the steam source of the condensing steam heat exchanger adopts the exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine.
其中，1为电站锅炉；2为汽轮机；3汽轮发电机；4为凝汽换热器；5为凝结水泵；6为低压加热器；7为除氧器；8为给水泵；9为高压加热器；10为抽汽减压器；11为抽汽加热器；12为抽汽加热器旁路；13热网用户；14为热网水泵；15为凝汽器。Among them, 1 is the power station boiler; 2 is the steam turbine; 3 is the steam turbine generator; 4 is the condensing heat exchanger; 5 is the condensate pump; 6 is the low pressure heater; 7 is the deaerator; 8 is the feed water pump; Heater; 10 is the steam extraction pressure reducer; 11 is the steam extraction heater; 12 is the steam extraction heater bypass; 13 is the heat network user; 14 is the heat network water pump; 15 is the condenser.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are explanations of the present invention rather than limitations.
参见图1或图2，一种从电站锅炉抽蒸汽的热电解耦供热系统，包括电站锅炉1、汽轮机2、汽轮发电机3、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8和高压加热器9，还包括凝汽换热器4、抽汽减压器10、抽汽加热器11和热网用户13；Referring to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, a thermoelectric decoupling heating system for extracting steam from a utility boiler includes a utility boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a turbine generator 3, a condensate pump 5, a low-pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, The feedwater pump 8 and the high-pressure heater 9 also include a condensing heat exchanger 4, an extraction pressure reducer 10, an extraction heater 11 and a heat network user 13;
凝汽换热器4的蒸汽入口与汽轮机高背压排汽相连，或与汽轮机2的中压缸与低压缸之间的抽蒸汽连通管相连，凝汽换热器4凝结水出口与凝结水泵5入口相连；热网用户13回水口经热网水泵14与凝汽换热器4的热网水入口相连，凝汽换热器4热网水出口与抽汽加热器11热网水入口相连，抽汽加热器11热网水出口与热网用户13相连，凝汽换热器4热网水出口还通过抽汽加热器旁路12与热网用户13相连；The steam inlet of the condensing heat exchanger 4 is connected to the high back pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine, or connected to the steam extraction communication pipe between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2, and the condensate water outlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 is connected to the condensate pump 5 inlets are connected; the water return port of the heating network user 13 is connected with the heating network water inlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 through the heating network water pump 14, and the heating network water outlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 is connected with the heating network water inlet of the extraction heater 11 , the heat network water outlet of the extraction heater 11 is connected to the heat network user 13, and the heat network water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger 4 is also connected to the heat network user 13 through the extraction heater bypass 12;
抽汽加热器11蒸汽入口经抽汽减压器10从电站锅炉1的过热段或再热段抽取热源蒸汽；抽汽加热器11冷凝水出口与除氧器7除氧水箱相连。The steam inlet of the steam extraction heater 11 extracts heat source steam from the superheating section or reheating section of the utility boiler 1 through the steam extraction pressure reducer 10;
上述系统中，利用汽轮机高背压排汽，或从汽轮机中压缸与低压缸之间的连通管抽蒸汽来加热热网回水，蒸汽本身被热网水冷凝后通过凝结水泵送回汽轮机给水加热系统；热网回水先经过汽轮机抽汽或高背压汽轮机排汽加热后再送入抽汽加热器加热，最后送回热网；In the above system, the high back pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine is used, or the steam is drawn from the connecting pipe between the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to heat the return water of the heating network. Heating system; the return water of the heating network is first heated by the steam extraction of the steam turbine or the exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine, and then sent to the extraction heater for heating, and finally sent back to the heating network;
同时，采用从电站锅炉内抽取的一股蒸汽作为抽汽加热器的热源蒸汽，抽汽位置位于过热器中段或再热器中段，可以是电站锅炉的低压过热器之后、屏式过热器之后，高温过热器之前或者低温再热器之后，具体抽汽位置需要根据实际锅炉的结构和运行参数进行确定；蒸汽从电站锅炉抽出后，先经过抽汽减压器使压力适当降低，然后送往抽汽加热器，在抽汽加热器内凝结放热后形成冷凝水，经管路送至除氧器水箱；在抽汽加热器设置抽汽加热器旁路，可以根据负荷情况通过调节阀门开关使热网水经过抽汽加热器加热，或不经过抽汽加热器而直接送往热网用户。At the same time, a stream of steam extracted from the utility boiler is used as the heat source steam of the steam extraction heater, and the steam extraction position is located in the middle section of the superheater or the middle section of the reheater, which can be after the low-pressure superheater or the panel superheater of the utility boiler. Before the high-temperature superheater or after the low-temperature reheater, the specific steam extraction position needs to be determined according to the actual boiler structure and operating parameters; after the steam is extracted from the utility boiler, it first passes through the extraction pressure reducer to reduce the pressure appropriately, and then is sent to the extraction Steam heater, after condensing and releasing heat in the extraction heater, condensed water is formed, which is sent to the deaerator water tank through the pipeline; the extraction heater bypass is set on the extraction heater, and the heat can be turned on and off by adjusting the valve switch according to the load condition. The network water is heated by the steam extraction heater, or directly sent to the heating network user without the steam extraction heater.
因此，当凝汽换热器4对热网回水的加热能力充足时，进入凝汽换热器4内的蒸汽把热网回水加热至要求的供热温度，热网回水在凝汽换热器4内被加热后经过抽汽加热器旁路12直接送往热网用户13，此时抽汽加热器11不工作，不从电站锅炉1抽蒸汽；Therefore, when the heating capacity of the condensing heat exchanger 4 to the return water of the heating network is sufficient, the steam entering the condensing heat exchanger 4 heats the return water of the heating network to the required heating temperature, and the return water of the heating network is in the condensing steam After being heated in the heat exchanger 4, it is directly sent to the heat network user 13 through the steam extraction heater bypass 12. At this time, the steam extraction heater 11 is not working, and no steam is extracted from the utility boiler 1;
当凝汽换热器4对热网回水的加热能力不足时，则打开热网回水进入抽汽加热器11的管路，关闭抽汽加热器旁路12，利用抽汽加热器12继续对热网水加热升温，调节从电站锅炉1向抽汽加热器11的抽汽量，使抽汽加热器11的热网水出口的温度满足供热要求。When the heating capacity of the condensing heat exchanger 4 to the return water of the heating network is insufficient, the pipeline for the return water of the heating network to enter the extraction heater 11 is opened, the bypass 12 of the extraction heater is closed, and the extraction heater 12 is used to continue To heat up the heating network water, adjust the steam extraction amount from the utility boiler 1 to the steam extraction heater 11, so that the temperature of the heating network water outlet of the steam extraction heater 11 meets the heating requirement.
进一步的，所述的抽汽加热器11蒸汽入口与抽汽减压器10出口相连，抽汽加热器11冷凝水出口与除氧器7除氧水箱相连；抽汽减压器10的入口与电站锅炉1的二级喷水减温器前的蒸汽联箱相连。Further, the steam inlet of the extraction heater 11 is connected with the outlet of the extraction pressure reducer 10, and the condensed water outlet of the extraction heater 11 is connected with the deaerator 7 deoxygenation water tank; the inlet of the extraction pressure reducer 10 is connected with the The steam header before the secondary spray desuperheater of the utility boiler 1 is connected.
所述的电站锅炉1的主蒸汽出口与汽轮机2的高压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2的高压缸蒸汽出口与电站锅炉1的再热蒸汽入口相连，电站锅炉1的再热蒸汽出口与汽轮机2的中压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2的中压缸蒸汽出口通过连通管与汽轮机2的低压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2的高压缸、中压缸、低压缸与汽轮发电机3同轴相连。The main steam outlet of the utility boiler 1 is connected to the steam inlet of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2, the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 is connected to the reheat steam inlet of the utility boiler 1, and the reheat steam outlet of the utility boiler 1 is connected to the steam turbine 2. The steam inlet of the medium-pressure cylinder is connected, the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 through a connecting pipe, and the high-pressure cylinder, medium-pressure cylinder, and low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 are coaxially connected with the turbo-generator 3 .
参见图1，若凝汽换热器4从汽轮机中压缸、低压缸连通管抽蒸汽，汽轮机2的中压缸、低压缸之间抽蒸汽连通管与凝汽换热器4蒸汽入口相连，凝汽换热器4凝结水出口与凝汽器15相连；汽轮机2的低压缸排汽口与凝汽器15相连，凝汽器15的凝结水出口与凝结水泵5入口相连；Referring to Fig. 1, if the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 draws steam from the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder connecting pipe of the steam turbine, the steam-drawing connecting pipe between the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 is connected to the steam inlet of the condensing steam heat exchanger 4, The condensed water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger 4 is connected to the condenser 15; the exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 is connected to the condenser 15, and the condensed water outlet of the condenser 15 is connected to the condensed water pump 5 inlet;
参见图2，若凝汽换热器4采用高背压排汽供热，汽轮机2的低压缸排汽出口与凝汽换热器4蒸汽入口相连，凝汽换热器4凝结水出口与凝结水泵5入口相连。Referring to Fig. 2, if the condensing heat exchanger 4 adopts high back pressure exhaust steam for heat supply, the exhaust steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the condensing heat exchanger 4, and the condensed water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger 4 is connected to the condensate Water pump 5 inlets are connected.
所述的凝结水泵5出口与低压加热器6入口相连，低压加热器6出口与除氧器7入口相连，除氧器7出口与给水泵8入口相连，给水泵8出口与高压加热器9入口相连，高压加热器9出口与电站锅炉1的省煤器入口相连。The outlet of the condensate pump 5 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure heater 6, the outlet of the low-pressure heater 6 is connected to the inlet of the deaerator 7, the outlet of the deaerator 7 is connected to the inlet of the feedwater pump 8, and the outlet of the feedwater pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure heater 9 The outlet of the high-pressure heater 9 is connected with the inlet of the economizer of the utility boiler 1.
下面以该系统应用于采用背压式汽轮机带供热的300MW亚临界热力发电机组为例进行说明。In the following, the application of this system to a 300MW subcritical thermal power generation unit using a back pressure steam turbine with heat supply will be described as an example.
参见图2，该系统主要设备包括：电站锅炉1、汽轮机2、汽轮发电机3、凝汽换热器4、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8、高压加热器9、抽汽减压器10、抽汽加热器11、抽汽加热器旁路12、热网用户13、热网水泵14，其中，电站锅炉1主蒸汽出口与汽轮机2高压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2高压缸蒸汽出口与电站锅炉1再热蒸汽入口相连，电站锅炉1再热蒸汽出口与汽轮机2中压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2中压缸蒸汽出口通过连通管与汽轮机2低压缸蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2低压缸排汽出口与凝汽换热器4蒸汽入口相连，汽轮机2主轴与汽轮发电机3主轴相连，凝汽换热器4凝结水出口与凝结水泵5入口相连，凝结水泵5出口与低压加热器6入口相连，低压加热器6出口与除氧器7入口相连，除氧器7出口与给水泵8入口相连，给水泵8出口与高压加热器9入口相连，高压加热器9出口与电站锅炉1的省煤器入口相连，抽汽减压器10入口与电站锅炉1的二级喷水减温器前的蒸汽联箱相连，抽汽减压器10出口与抽汽加热器11蒸汽入口相连，抽汽加热器11冷凝水出口与除氧器7除氧水箱相连；热网用户13回水口与热网水泵14入口相连，热网水泵14出口与凝汽换热器4热网水入口相连，凝汽换热器4热网水出口与抽汽加热器11热网水入口相连，抽汽加热器11热网水出口与热网用户13相连，抽汽加热器13设置抽汽加热器旁路12。Referring to Figure 2, the main equipment of the system includes: power plant boiler 1, steam turbine 2, steam turbine generator 3, condensing steam heat exchanger 4, condensing water pump 5, low pressure heater 6, deaerator 7, feed water pump 8, high pressure heating 9, extraction pressure reducer 10, extraction heater 11, extraction heater bypass 12, heat network user 13, heat network water pump 14, wherein, the main steam outlet of power plant boiler 1 is connected with the steam inlet of steam turbine 2 high-pressure cylinder , the steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2 is connected with the reheat steam inlet of power station boiler 1, the reheat steam outlet of power station boiler 1 is connected with the steam inlet of the medium-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2, and the steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2 is connected with the steam of low-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2 through a connecting pipe The inlet is connected, the exhaust steam outlet of steam turbine 2 low-pressure cylinder is connected with the steam inlet of condensate heat exchanger 4, the main shaft of steam turbine 2 is connected with the main shaft of steam turbine generator 3, the condensate outlet of condensate heat exchanger 4 is connected with the inlet of condensate pump 5, and the condensate The outlet of water pump 5 is connected to the inlet of low-pressure heater 6, the outlet of low-pressure heater 6 is connected to the inlet of deaerator 7, the outlet of deaerator 7 is connected to the inlet of feed water pump 8, the outlet of feed water pump 8 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure heater 9, and the high-pressure heating The outlet of the device 9 is connected to the inlet of the economizer of the utility boiler 1, the inlet of the steam extraction reducer 10 is connected to the steam header before the secondary spray desuperheater of the utility boiler 1, and the outlet of the extraction reducer 10 is connected to the steam extraction The heater 11 is connected to the steam inlet, the condensed water outlet of the steam extraction heater 11 is connected to the deaerator 7 deoxygenation water tank; the water return port of the heating network user 13 is connected to the inlet of the heating network water pump 14, and the outlet of the heating network water pump 14 is connected to the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 The water inlet of the heating network is connected, the condensing heat exchanger 4 The water outlet of the heating network is connected with the inlet of the heating network water of the extraction heater 11, the water outlet of the heating network of the extraction heater 11 is connected with the user of the heating network 13, and the extraction heater 13 Set extraction heater bypass 12.
汽轮机2采用被压式汽轮机，排汽压力约200kPa，汽轮机排汽进入凝汽换热器4凝结放热而本身被冷凝为凝结水，凝结水泵5将凝结水从凝汽换热器中抽出送往低压加热器，凝结水在低压加热器6中初步升温后送往除氧器7，在除氧器内加热除氧后经给水泵8加压后变成给水送往高压加热器9，在高压加热器内进一步升温后送入电站锅炉1，给水在电站锅炉内经过一系列的受热面逐级加热后最终变成高温高压的蒸汽从电站锅炉出来送去汽轮机2的高压缸膨胀做功，蒸汽从汽轮机2的高压缸排出后再送往电站锅炉1进行再热，从电站锅炉1的再热器出来以后送往汽轮机2的中压缸膨胀做功，蒸汽从汽轮机2的中压缸排出后经中、低压缸蒸汽连通管送往蒸汽从汽轮机2的低压缸膨胀做功，汽轮机高、中、低压缸与汽轮发电机同轴相连，汽轮机转动带动发电机发电，汽轮机低压缸排汽送入凝汽换热器4；The steam turbine 2 adopts a compressed steam turbine, and the exhaust steam pressure is about 200kPa. The exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 to condense and release heat, and is condensed into condensate itself. The condensate pump 5 pumps the condensate from the condensate heat exchanger to send To the low-pressure heater, the condensed water is initially heated in the low-pressure heater 6 and then sent to the deaerator 7. After being heated and deoxidized in the deaerator, it is pressurized by the feed water pump 8 and then becomes feed water and sent to the high-pressure heater 9. After further heating in the high-pressure heater, it is sent to the power plant boiler 1. The feed water is heated step by step through a series of heating surfaces in the power plant boiler, and finally becomes high-temperature and high-pressure steam. After being discharged from the high-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2, it is sent to power plant boiler 1 for reheating. After coming out of the reheater of power plant boiler 1, it is sent to the medium-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2 to expand and do work. After being discharged from the medium-pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2, the steam passes through The medium and low pressure cylinder steam connecting pipe is sent to the steam to expand the low pressure cylinder of steam turbine 2 to do work. The high, medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine are coaxially connected with the steam turbine generator, and the rotation of the steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity. Steam heat exchanger 4;
从热网用户13来的热网回水经过热网水泵14加压后送往凝汽换热器4加热，从凝汽换热器出来后经过抽汽换热器11加热或直接由抽汽换热器旁路送回热网用户。抽汽加热器11采用从电站锅炉内抽取的蒸汽作为加热汽源，抽汽位置为电站锅炉1的二级喷水减温器前的蒸汽联箱，蒸汽从电站锅炉二级喷水减温器前的蒸汽联箱抽出后，先经过抽汽减压器10降压至适当压力，然后送往抽汽加热器11，在抽汽加热器内凝结放热后形成冷凝水，经管路送至除氧器7；在抽汽加热器设置抽汽加热器旁路12，可以通过调节使热网水经过抽汽加热器加热或不经过抽汽加热器直接送往热网用户。The heat network return water from the heat network user 13 is pressurized by the heat network water pump 14 and then sent to the condensing steam heat exchanger 4 for heating. After coming out of the condensing steam heat exchanger, it is heated by the steam extraction heat The heat exchanger is bypassed and sent back to the heat network users. The steam extraction heater 11 uses the steam extracted from the power plant boiler as the heating steam source, and the steam extraction position is the steam header before the secondary water spray desuperheater of the power plant boiler 1, and the steam comes from the secondary water spray desuperheater of the power plant boiler After the previous steam header is drawn out, it first passes through the steam extraction reducer 10 to reduce the pressure to an appropriate pressure, and then sends it to the steam extraction heater 11, where it condenses and releases heat in the steam extraction heater to form condensed water, which is sent to the decompression tank through the pipeline. Oxygenator 7; steam extraction heater bypass 12 is set on the steam extraction heater, and the heating network water can be heated by the steam extraction heater or directly sent to the heating network user without the steam extraction heater through adjustment.
该系统实现热电解耦的工作过程为：The working process of the system to achieve thermoelectric decoupling is:
当汽轮机发电系统处于高负荷的时候，汽轮机2排汽量很大，在凝汽换热器4内足以把热网回水加热至供热要求的温度，热网回水在凝汽换热器4内被加热后经过抽汽加热器旁路12直接送往热网用户13，此时抽汽加热器11不工作，不从电站锅炉1抽汽；When the steam turbine power generation system is under high load, the exhaust steam of steam turbine 2 is large enough to heat the return water of the heating network to the temperature required for heating in the condensing heat exchanger 4, and the return water of the heating network is in the condensing heat exchanger After being heated in 4, it is directly sent to the heat network user 13 through the steam extraction heater bypass 12. At this time, the steam extraction heater 11 is not working, and no steam is extracted from the utility boiler 1;
当汽轮机发电系统受电网调峰要求降低负荷以后，汽轮机2排汽流量减少，凝汽换热器4对热网回水的加热能力下降，凝汽换热器热网水出口的温度达不到供热要求，则打开抽汽加热器11管路，关闭抽汽加热器旁路12，利用抽汽加热器11的加热能力继续对热网水加热升温，调节从电站锅炉向抽汽加热器11的抽汽量，使抽汽加热器热网水出口的温度满足供热要求，从而在汽轮机发电负荷降低的时候，保证向热网用户的供热能力不减，从而实现热电解耦。When the load of the steam turbine power generation system is reduced due to the peak regulation requirements of the power grid, the exhaust steam flow of the steam turbine 2 decreases, the heating capacity of the condensing heat exchanger 4 to the return water of the heating network decreases, and the temperature of the outlet of the heating network water of the condensing heat exchanger cannot reach If heat supply is required, open the extraction steam heater 11 pipeline, close the extraction steam heater bypass 12, use the heating capacity of the extraction steam heater 11 to continue heating the water in the heating network, and adjust the flow from the utility boiler to the extraction steam heater 11. The amount of steam extracted, so that the temperature of the water outlet of the heating network of the extraction heater meets the heating requirements, so that when the power generation load of the steam turbine is reduced, the heat supply capacity to the heating network users is guaranteed to remain unchanged, thereby realizing thermoelectric decoupling.
上述系统装置的主要参数如表1所示。The main parameters of the above-mentioned system devices are shown in Table 1.
表1 300MW亚临界热力发电的热电解耦供热系统主要参数Table 1 Main parameters of thermoelectric decoupling heating system for 300MW subcritical thermal power generation
本发明一方面可以实现热电解耦，使热电联产电厂具有配合电网的调峰能力，当电厂发电量降低时，保持供热能力不降低；另一方面可以提升电站锅炉低负荷的脱硝环保性能：当电厂发电负荷降低时，从电站锅炉二级喷水减温器之前抽取部分蒸汽送去抽汽加热器，由于部分蒸汽的提前抽出使得锅炉后部几个换热器的蒸汽流量减少，对锅炉烟气的冷却能力减小，因而可以提高锅炉尾部的排烟温度，从而使得电站锅炉不会因为负荷降低导致排烟温度过低，避免SCR脱销系统失效，提升了环保性能。On the one hand, the present invention can realize thermoelectric decoupling, so that the combined heat and power plant has the peak-shaving ability to cooperate with the power grid, and when the power generation of the power plant decreases, the heat supply capacity will not be reduced; on the other hand, it can improve the low-load denitration environmental protection performance of the power plant boiler : When the power generation load of the power plant decreases, part of the steam is extracted from before the secondary spray desuperheater of the power plant boiler and sent to the steam extraction heater. Due to the early extraction of part of the steam, the steam flow of several heat exchangers at the rear of the boiler is reduced. The cooling capacity of the boiler flue gas is reduced, so the exhaust gas temperature at the tail of the boiler can be increased, so that the power plant boiler will not cause the exhaust gas temperature to be too low due to the load reduction, avoiding the failure of the SCR out-of-stock system, and improving the environmental protection performance.
以上给出的实施例是实现本发明较优的例子，本发明不限于上述实施例。本领域的技术人员根据本发明技术方案的技术特征所做出的任何非本质的添加、替换，均属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred examples for realizing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any non-essential additions and substitutions made by those skilled in the art according to the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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