CN105693265B - 一种制备氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开的制备氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法,包括以下步骤:先将葡萄糖、钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铝以及硝酸镁全部溶解于去离子水中,然后加入粒径在3~8μm之间的三氧化二铝粉体,搅拌混合均匀后进行喷雾干燥;将喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中并在30~40 MPa成型,随后升温到400~500℃保温除掉有机物,冷却后再放入等静压机中进行等静压,接着在850~950℃保温除去多余的碳,随后继续升温到1350~1450℃进行烧结,即可得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。本发明制备的多孔陶瓷膜的孔径细小、孔隙分布均匀;利用该多孔陶瓷的阻隔作用和吸附作用,可以净化水源,对污水处理有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备多孔材料的方法,具体涉及一种制备氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法,属于材料科学技术领域。
背景技术
微孔陶瓷膜分离技术在废水处理中的应用始于20世纪80年代初期,其优点是能够保证更好和更可靠的水质,不用化学物质,特别适合于高附加值产品。无机陶瓷膜在废水处理中的应用主要包括处理含油废水、纺织废水、化工废水、放射性废水、含重金属废水、城市生活污水和造纸废水等。陶瓷膜渗透气化工艺具有高通量、高稳定性等优点,有着极强的竞争力和巨大的市场需求。
多孔氧化铝陶瓷膜的管壁密布微孔,在压力作用下,原料液或者气在膜管内或膜外侧流动,小分子物质(或液体)透过膜,大分子物质(或固体)被膜截留,从而达到分离、浓缩、纯化和环保等目的。多孔氧化铝陶瓷膜具有分离效率高、效果稳定、化学稳定性好、耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂、耐菌、耐高温、抗污染、机械强度高、再生性能好、分离过程简单、能耗低、操作维护简便、使用寿命长等众多优势。多孔氧化铝陶瓷膜的分离性能与材料的孔径大小及其分布、孔隙率、孔形态等微结构有着密切的关系,其孔径大小可以在几个纳米到几十个微米范围进行调节,可以进行从纳米尺度的筛分(如纳滤膜对多价离子的高截留率)到可见大颗粒的分离(如高温气体除尘),具有广泛的应用前景。
添加造孔剂法是一种传统的多孔陶瓷制备方法,该工艺通过在陶瓷坯料中添加碳粉、淀粉等造孔剂,利用造孔剂在坯料中占据一定空间,经过烧结后,造孔剂离开基体形成气孔制得多孔陶瓷。由于此方法可以任意改变造孔剂种类、加入量及其颗粒直径,因而可制成各种不同孔径和气孔分布的多孔陶瓷来满足不同的使用要求;且与传统多孔陶瓷制作方法相比,添加造孔剂法成本低廉、方法简单,适于工业化大批量生产。在传统工艺的基础上,中国专利CN 104692779 A公开了通过钙-铜-钛三元素复合而成的烧成助剂来制备微米级孔隙的氧化铝陶瓷,但是对烧成助剂的比例要求较高。中国专利CN 101734909 B公开了在原有造孔成孔剂的基础上,添加锆干凝胶作为增强剂、镁干凝胶作为烧结助剂,提高氧化铝陶瓷的孔隙率和强度,但是此法不能有效地控制多孔氧化铝陶瓷的孔隙分布;而且孔隙率的增加往往导致陶瓷的强度急剧下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制备孔径细小、孔隙分布均匀且强度高的氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法。
本发明提出的制备氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将质量份数为40~95份的葡萄糖、2~6份的钛酸四丁酯、2~5份的硝酸铝、1~2份的硝酸镁全部溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌混合,获得混合溶液;
(2)向上述混合溶液中加入质量份数为100份的三氧化二铝粉体,随后放入搅拌机中搅拌混合0.5~2小时;所述的三氧化二铝粉体的中心粒径在3~8 μm;
(3)将上述搅拌混合后的物质进行喷雾干燥,除掉去离子水,获得粉体;
(4)将喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中,在30~40 MPa的压力下成型,然后在400~500℃保温1~3小时,冷却后再放入等静压机中,在100~200 MPa下进行等静压;
(5)将等静压后的产物放在炉中,在850~950℃保温2~6小时,接着继续升温到1350~1450℃保温2~4小时,然后随炉冷却至室温,得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。
本发明具有以下有益效果:通过将粒径3~8 μm的三氧化二铝粉体放入到葡萄糖、钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铝与硝酸镁的去离子水溶液中进行混合搅拌,可以实现相关助剂在三氧化二铝粉体颗粒表面的均匀分布,从而可以获得细小的孔径及均匀的孔隙;引入钛酸四丁酯和硝酸镁作为烧结助剂,并将产品在400~500℃保温后再进行等静压,可以有效降低陶瓷膜的烧结温度并提高其强度。
利用本发明制备的多孔陶瓷膜的阻隔作用和吸附作用,可以净化水源,对污水处理有重要的意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:
将质量份数为95份的葡萄糖、2份的钛酸四丁酯、2份的硝酸铝、1份的硝酸镁全部溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌混合,获得混合溶液;向上述混合溶液中加入质量份数为100份、中心粒径5 μm的三氧化二铝粉体,随后放入搅拌机中搅拌混合1小时;将上述搅拌混合后的物质进行喷雾干燥,除掉去离子水,获得粉体。将上述喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中,在30 MPa的压力下成型,然后升温到450℃保温2小时,冷却后再放入等静压机中,在200MPa下进行等静压。将等静压后的产物放在高温炉中,升温到900℃保温4小时,接着继续升温到1450℃保温3小时,然后随炉冷却至室温,即得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。
实施例2:
将质量份数为40份的葡萄糖、6份的钛酸四丁酯、5份的硝酸铝、2份的硝酸镁全部溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌混合,获得混合溶液;向上述混合溶液中加入质量份数为100份、中心粒径6 μm的三氧化二铝粉体,随后放入搅拌机中搅拌混合2小时;将上述搅拌混合后的物质进行喷雾干燥,除掉去离子水,获得粉体。将上述喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中,在40 MPa的压力下成型,然后升温到500℃保温1小时,冷却后再放入等静压机中,在100MPa下进行等静压。将等静压后的产物放在高温炉中,升温到850℃保温6小时,接着继续升温到1350℃保温4小时,然后随炉冷却至室温,得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。
实施例3:
将质量份数为60份的葡萄糖、4份的钛酸四丁酯、3份的硝酸铝、1.5份的硝酸镁全部溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌混合,获得混合溶液;向上述混合溶液中加入质量份数为100份、中心粒径8 μm的三氧化二铝粉体,随后放入搅拌机中搅拌混合0.5小时;将上述搅拌混合后的物质进行喷雾干燥,除掉去离子水,获得粉体。将上述喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中,在35 MPa的压力下成型,然后升温到400℃保温3小时,冷却后再放入等静压机中,在150 MPa下进行等静压。将等静压后的产物放在高温炉中,升温到950℃保温2小时,接着继续升温到1400℃保温2小时,然后随炉冷却至室温,得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。
Claims (1)
1.一种制备氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将质量份数为40~95份的葡萄糖、2~6份的钛酸四丁酯、2~5份的硝酸铝、1~2份的硝酸镁全部加入到去离子水中,充分搅拌混合,获得混合液;
(2)向上述混合溶液中加入质量份数为100份的三氧化二铝粉体,随后放入搅拌机中搅拌混合0.5~2小时;所述的三氧化二铝粉体的中心粒径在3~8 μm;
(3)将上述搅拌混合后的物质进行喷雾干燥,除掉去离子水,获得粉体;
(4)将喷雾干燥后获得的粉体放入模具中,在30~40 MPa的压力下成型,然后在400~500℃保温1~3小时,冷却后再放入等静压机中,在100~200 MPa下进行等静压;
(5)将等静压后的产物放在炉中,在850~950℃保温2~6小时,接着继续升温到1350~1450℃保温2~4小时,然后随炉冷却至室温,得到氧化铝基多孔陶瓷膜。
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CN103553600A (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-02-05 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 气孔分布均匀、低介电损耗多孔铁电陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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